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Scientometrics is a valuable asset in science management. However, application of scientometric indicators in the sociohumanistic sciences reveals some drawbacks. The problems of assessing researcher efficiency are analyzed and several solutions are proposed. The number of citations in the sociohumanistic sciences and STEMS are analyzed in terms of languages presented in the Web of Science. The author agrees with the expert opinion that research activities in the social sciences and the humanities cannot be correctly assessed with scientometric indicators. On the basis of the study, the author formulates the proposals on how to eliminate these problems. The study covers the wide time period (over 40 years) revealing citation trends in the social sciences, STEM and the humanities. The proposals can be applied in science management in universities and academic organizations.

In the late XIX - early XX centuries the Ministry of Education could no longer reform education system without relying on the opinion of the professorial corporation. The largest sessions created by the Ministry to find out the point of view of professors on the most problematic issues of university life took place in 1901 and 1906. The purpose of these sessions was to revise the university statute of 1884, but neither in the first nor in the second case did the new statute appear. The materials of the first session were buried in the Ministry, but according to the results of the second session, a subject educational system was proclaimed. Under the conditions of that time (1906), along with other easing of university administration, it was a significant step forward towards university autonomy and the freedom of education expressed in the subject system. This article provides an analysis of the opinions of professors of universities of the Russian Empire which were gathered during those two sessions and reflecting the points of view of the professorial corporation about the reform of the educational system.

The results of separation the heavy rare-earth elements pair lutetium–ytterbium by ion-exchange chromatography are presented. The technological properties of modern absorbers of strong-sulfuric-acid cationites Purolite C160 and Cybber KX 100 are analyzed. The conditions for extracting lutetium with determination of the main factors – complex-forming substance, conditions of utilization, application of different moderators, elution rate, specific load, and others – are studied. It is shown that lutetium–ytterbium separation with production of fractions containing ≥99.9% Lu with concentration 1 g/liter and Yb concentration ≤0.5 mg/liter is possible in principle. A fraction with the maximum lutetium concentration 3.6–3.7 g/liter and ytterbium concentration 0.3–0.37 g/liter, corresponding to lutetium content 91–92%, was separated.

The recovery of scandium from the wastes of the production of uranium, titanium, iron–vanadium, and alumina is studied. The applied acid schemes of scandium transfer to a solution followed by ion-exchange recovery and extraction concentration of scandium ensure the precipitation of crude scandium oxides containing up to 5% Sc2O3. Scandium oxides of 99.96–99.99% purity are formed after additional refining of these crude oxides according to an extraction technology using a mixture 15% multiradical phosphine oxide or Cyanex-925 + 15% tributyl phosphate in kerosene.

This review of the literature publications is focused on the articles in domestic and foreign editions devoted to the research on biological effects of electromagnetic radiation in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. It makes use of the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, RSCI, and other databases containing the relevant references for the period from 1970 up to the present days. This physical factor has found application in the Russian physiotherapeutic practice not very long ago. The main areas of its application include cardiovascular disease and neurological conditions. At the same time. the influence of electromagnetic radiation in the terahertz frequency range on human health and vital activity remains virtually unexplored. The available publications give evidence of the high biological activity of the terahertz electromagnetic waves which suggests the necessity of their further investigation.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a serious medical and social problem due to the widespread prevalence, profound and long-term disability of patients. The effectiveness of pharmaceutical neuroprotection in IS remains low which necessitates the investigation of new therapeutic methods in post-stroke patients.The rationale for the use of infrared (IR) radiation with terahertz (THz) modulation in the complex treatment of patients in the acute period of IS.The results of transcranial application of IR radiation with THz modulation in 112 patients in the acute period of IS are presented. In the main group (38 patients) the infrared radiation with THz modulation was used on the projection of the IS focus in addition to basic drug therapy; in the control group (37 patients) - basic drug therapy; in the placebo group (37 patients) the physiotherapy was mimicked. The data of neurological status and neuro-functional indicators were assessed using the NIHSS, MMSE, Rankin, and Rivermid scales. Cerebral blood flow was examined using duplex scanning of brachiocephalic vessels.The inclusion in the complex treatment of IR radiation with THz modulation on the projection of the IS focus in the acute period contributed to a significant regression of neurological deficit, a complete recovery of cognitive functions and an increase in daily activity due to the restoration of adequate blood supply on the side of the affected hemisphere.A pathogenesis justified method of treating acute IS is proposed which can increase the effectiveness of early neurorehabilitation measures. An early improvement in cerebral hemoperfusion led to the creation of optimal conditions for the survival of neural structures and the preservation of their functional activity that demonstrated the neuroprotective feasibility of early inclusion of IR radiation with THz modulation in the complex treatment of patients in the acute period of IS.Ишемический инсульт (ИИ) является серьезной медико-социальной проблемой в связи с широкой распространенностью, глубокой и длительной инвалидизацией пациентов. Эффективность фармацевтической нейропротекции при ИИ остается невысокой, что обусловливает необходимость изучения новых методов лечебных воздействий у постинсультных пациентов.Обоснование применения инфракрасного (ИК) излучения с терагерцевой (ТГц) модуляцией в комплексном лечении пациентов в остром периоде ИИ.Представлены результаты транскраниального применения ИК-излучения с ТГц-модуляцией у 112 пациентов в остром периоде ИИ. В основной группе (38 пациентов) применяли ИК-излучение с ТГц-модуляцией на проекцию очага ИИ в дополнение к базисной медикаментозной терапии; в контрольной группе (37 пациентов) — базисную медикаментозную терапию; в группе «плацебо» (37 пациентов) физиотерапевтическое лечение было имитировано. Оценивали данные неврологического статуса и нейрофункциональных показателей с использованием шкал NIHSS, MMSE, Rankin и Rivermid. Церебральный кровоток исследовали с помощью дуплексного сканирования брахиоцефальных сосудов.Включение в комплексное лечение ИК-излучения с ТГц-модуляцией на проекцию очага ИИ в остром периоде способствовало значимому регрессу неврологического дефицита, полному восстановлению когнитивных функций и повышению повседневной активности за счет восстановления адекватного кровоснабжения на стороне пораженного полушария.Предложена патогенетически оправданная методика лечения острого ИИ, которая может повысить эффективность ранних нейрореабилитационных мероприятий. Раннее улучшение церебральной гемоперфузии привело к созданию оптимальных условий для выживания нейронных структур и сохранения их функциональной активности, что продемонстрировало нейропротективную целесообразность включения ИК-излучения с ТГц-модуляцией в комплексное лечение пациентов на ранних этапах в остром периоде ИИ.

The article presents the results of sorptive extraction of rare-earth elements (REE) from the solutions and slurries of complex salt compositions using sulfocationites and carboxyl cationites with a predominant content of the latter on laboratory and pilot scales. Upon REE sorption from hydrate slurry on KM-2p carboxyl cationite, the REE extraction rate of at least 98% has been achieved, and the following factors of ΣREE purification from impurities have been obtained: KREE/Al = 1.7, KREE/Th = 2.3, KREE/Ca ≈ 20, KREE/Zr = 15, KREE/Fe ≈ 40, and KREE/P,F ≈ 90. It is demonstrated that the REE capacity of cationite SG-1m is higher than that of cationite KM-2p by 10%; moreover, the content of thorium on KM-2p cationite is lower by 2.5 times and that of zirconium by 6 times. After the recovery of saturated cationites by 1.5–2.0 M HNO3 solutions, strippants have been extracted with a REE concentration of 15–20 g/L. The factors of REE purification from impurities upon desorption are as follows: KREE/Al = 2.5, KREE/Th = 0.5, KREE/Ca = 5.3, KREE/Zr = 5.6, and KREE/Fe = 0.8. The REE recovery rate is ≥99%.

Experimental data on the sorption extraction of uranium from fluorine-containing solutions on different types of modern ion-exchange absorbers and structures in order to improve the technological schemes for reprocessing wastes from radiochemical production are presented. The primary technological relations are studied and the optimal indices in static and dynamic regimes of sorption-desorption extraction of uranium from model systems simulating production fluorine-containing solutions are determined. A chelate-forming aminophosphonic cation-exchanger Purolite S950 with uranium capacity up to 20% is recommended. It is shown that uranium concentration in the waste ≤0.003 g/liter can be obtained. It is found that uranium desorption by a 15% solution of sodium carbonate is a highly efficient process with desorption time 10 h and degree of uranium desorption 99.92%.

The process of separating high-purity chemical concentrates of uranium, which are an intermediate product in the general scheme of obtaining materials of the nuclear industry, is studied and the parameters of the sorption-desorption concentration of uranium using different regenerating solutions are determined. Variants and combinations of the processes of selective separation of chemical concentrates in the form of ammonium and sodium polyuranates and uranium peroxide from commercial desorbates and re-extracts in application to the reprocessing of raw materials from the Elkonskoe and Streltsovskoe deposits are proposed. It is shown that chemical concentrates of uranium meeting the ASTM C 967-08 standard specifications can be obtained. The results presented can be used to improve the technological schemes of uranium extraction during the reprocessing of ores and concentrates with the final product meeting all applicable regulatory requirements. The current state of uranium ore reprocessing technology reflects world experience and advances in the production of uranium. Improvements made in the schemes used in the industry have made it possible to master an unconventional technology, which takes account of the particularities of the raw ore and the functional role of such production in the current structure of the nuclear industry. The classical scheme for reprocessing uranium ores includes sulfuric acid leaching and sorption-extraction recovery of uranium from solutions and pulps with uranium oxides being obtained. A particularity of the schemes is that the impurities are removed and the uranium-containing product is purified during almost every technological operation. Pulp filtration is replaced by the more efficient and economical sorption from pulps followed by desorption of uranium from the saturated anion exchanger by sulfuric acid solutions with concentration at least 100 g/liter. Without precipitation of the intermediate concentrate during extraction and subsequent re-extraction of uranium by carbon ammonia salts, a compound of the type ammonium-uranyl-tricarbonate is transferred into the solid phase. Almost nuclear-pure uranium oxide is formed after this compound is calcinated [1]. It has been suggested that to reach profitable performance the intermediate product should be separated by the sorption method into a commercial uranium concentrate meeting the international quality standards, having eliminated the liquidextraction stage from the process scheme used at the hydrometallurgical plant. The concentrate obtained is to be subjected to extractive refining, together with the products of other enterprises, at a reprocessing center [2]. The urgency of the work is also based on the integration of the uranium industry into the global economy, which specifies the obtaining of products meeting international standards in accordance with the requirements of conversion plants. The assimilation of the method for obtaining intermediate uranium products that is based on combining the effects of multi

To estimate the diagnostic value of measuring the momentary blood flow reserve (MBFR) versus the surrogate non-invasive standard (SNS) for myocardial ischemia verification (MIV) (a combination of stress echocardiography and single-photon emission computed tomography).The investigation enrolled 50 patients with stable angina in the presence of chronic coronary heart disease (CHD) or suspected CHD, in whom coronary angiography (CA) revealed borderline coronary stenoses (50-70% lumen diameters). The examination algorithm had two options. In one option, when included in the study, patients had already CA results not older than 1 month, and MBFR was measured 4-7 days after non-invasive stress tests. In the other option, MBFR in the area of borderline coronary artery stenosis was measured simultaneously with CA; and the noninvasive stress tests were carried out in the following week. A total of 74 coronary stenoses were examined.SNS for MIV was positive in 14 (28%) patients. When comparing with the non-invasive methods of myocardial ischemia verification, the area under the ROC curve for MBFR was 0.961±0.019 (95% confidence interval, 0.888-0.992). The optimal cut-point was 0.92, which is corresponded by a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 84%.When compared with SNS for MIV, the method for measuring MBFR has a high diagnostic accuracy.Резюме Цель исследования. Определение диагностической ценности измерения моментального резерва кровотока (МРК) в сравнении с суррогатным неинвазивным стандартом верификации ишемии миокарда - СНС-ВИМ (комбинация нагрузочной эхокардиографии и однофотонной эмиссионной компьютерной томографии). Материалы и методы. В исследование включили 50 пациентов со стенокардией напряжения при хронической форме ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС) или с подозрением на ИБС, у которых при проведении коронарографии (КГ) выявлены 'пограничные' коронарные стенозы (50-70% диаметра просвета). Алгоритм обследования имел два варианта. В первом варианте пациенты на момент включения в исследование уже имели результаты КГ давностью не более 1 мес, а измерение МРК проводилось через 4-7 дней после выполнения неинвазивных нагрузочных тестов. Во втором варианте измерение МРК в области 'пограничного' стеноза коронарной артерии осуществлялось одновременно с КГ, а неинвазивные нагрузочные тесты выполнялись в течение последующей недели. Всего исследовано 74 коронарных стеноза. Результаты. СНС-ВИМ дал положительный результат в 28% случаев (14 пациентов). При сравнении с неинвазивными методами верификации ишемии миокарда площадь ROC-кривой метода измерения МРК составила 0,961±0,019 (при 95% доверительном интервале от 0,888 до 0,992), оптимальное пороговое значение - 0,92, которому соответствует чувствительность 100% и специфичность 84%. Заключение. При сравнении с СНС-ВИМ метод измерения МРК обладает высокой диагностической точностью.

Aim. To detect the neurogenic motor disorders in children with hip joint dysplasia. Methods. Clinical analysis of hip joint dysplasia and neurogenic motor disorders symptoms in newborns and infants was performed. Children were distributed into two groups: the first group included children with hypertonic muscles of the lower extremities and restrictions of hip abduction, the second group included children with diffuse hypotonia and hip and knee bent in a specific position («frog» symptom). Results. Analysis of perinatal life of children included in the study showed that in 100% of cases diseases of mother and fetus were observed in these children. All children with hip dysplasia were also present with clinical features of nervous system disorders. Patients with central motor lesions have symptoms of pyramidal insufficiency such as hip adductors hypertonia, often treated as restrictions of hip abduction by orthopedists. Patients with the segmental motor lesions presented with flaccid paresis accompanied by hip joint hypermobility, which leads to excessive external rotation of the hip. A similar clinical picture is observed in diffuse muscle weakness caused by neonatal posterior cerebral circulation vascular accidents. In both cases soft tissues and pelvic bone nutrition is impaired. Conclusion. The common pathogenesis of hip joint dysplasia and motor disorders implies that children with these diseases should be treated jointly by neurologist and orthopedist.

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and acceptability of trimetazidine (TMZ) in combination with hemodynamic agents (beta-blockers or long-acting nitrates) in 177 stable angina patients. In this randomized, placebo-controlled study (TACT: Trimetazidine in Angina Combination Therapy), stable angina patients resistant to nitrates or beta-blockers were selected. After a 1-week selection period (W0), patients who had a difference of

The retrospective analysis of surgical and rehabilitation treatment of 172 patients with neurotrauma was made. The patients were treated in Russian Polenov Neurosurgical Institute and Municipal hospital of St. Elizabeth in the period since 2009 till 2012. Rehabilitation of different types of neurotrauma presented the system of surgical and recovery methods of treatment, which should be used in a short term after damage. Means of internal cerebral decompression, including drainage of ecephalocoel and cerebral basal cistern and the tentoriotomy, should be used in acute period of craniocerebral trauma according to morphometric data of beam inspection. Management of wound by means of laser or LED radiation, SHWF-therapy, magnetic and electrostimulation were the effective methods of neurorehabilitation. It is noted, that 73 (43,4%) patients returned to a former employment rate among 172 victims, though 26 patients had a moderate invalidization. An average figures of Glasgow scale outcomes were 1,9+/-0,2.

A retrospective analysis of diagnostics and surgical treatment was made in 440 patients with polytrauma, who were on the treatment in hospitals in Saint-Petersburg, Syktyvkar and Omsk during 2009-2012. The neurotrauma was the dominating damage. The patients were divided into two groups: the main and the control group, using the equal quantitative ratio according to the sex, age, circumstances of trauma and type of damages. The strategy of programmed multistage surgical treatment ("damage control surgery") was used in the main group (220 patients, average age 31.7 +/- 5.2 years). The traditional strategy of treatment was applied in the control group (220 patients, average age 30.7 +/- 5.4 years). The damage control surgery allows the reduction of lethality in neurotrauma by 15.0% and improvement of social adaptation of patients by 12.7%.

Trans-CSF brain stimulation is on of applied methods of stimulation in posttraumatic vegetative state. The paper analyzes application of this technique under the control by different methods of electrophysiological monitoring. Authors suggest principles of selection of stimulation parameters and detectable criteria of its effectiveness.

One-month therapy with trimetazidine sharply decreased the content of free radical oxidation products, lipid peroxides and malonic dialdehyde, in atherogenic low-density lipoproteins in patients with coronary heart disease. Activity of glutathione peroxidase utilizing lipid peroxides in the plasma markedly increased during trimetazidine therapy. The data suggest that trimetazidine not directly interacting with free radicals attenuates the adverse effects of intensive free radical oxidation in coronary heart disease. This effect is mediated via activation of antioxidant enzymes, which diminishes negative consequences of ischemia.

To study effects of bradicardia induced by atenolol, diltiazem and ivabradin on exercise tolerance, myocardial perfusion and left ventricular contractile function in patients with stable angina pectoris.The trial included 7 male patients aged 57 +/- 2.6 years with coronary heart disease, stable angina of functional class II free of cardiac failure and severe arterial hypertension, with a positive and reproducible VEM test after therapy discontinuation. For 10 consecutive days with 5-day intervals, all the patients received atenolol, diltiazem, ivabradin in doses lowering heart rate at rest by 20% from the initial level. Before the treatment all the patients were studied with VEM test, perfusion synchronized single-photon emission computerized tomoscintigraphy of the myocardium (PSSPECT) at rest and exercise. On day 10 of each drug intake PSSPECT and VEM test were performed if the expected heart rate was achieved.Each of the studied drugs resulted in a 22-24% reduction in the heart rate at rest accompanied by a significant rise in exercise tolerance, improvement of performance and myocardial perfusion. There were no significant changes in left ventricular contractility.A 20% reduction in resting heart rate due to monotherapy with drugs having a bradicardic effect leads to positive changes in exercise tolerance and myocardial perfusion.

Different incorporation of3H-uridine in RNA and increased RNA synthesis after the addition of morphine are demonstrated in all brain structures of resistant rats, as well as in the cortex, nucleus accumbens, griseum centrale, and nucleus ventriculus hypothalami of prone rats.

To assess effects of atenolol-induced heart rate decrease on myocardial perfusion, left ventricular contractility and tolerance to exercise in patients with chronic coronary artery disease.Twenty eight men (mean age 54,5-/+9,2 years) with stable class I-III angina and positive reproducible result of bicycle exercise test underwent rest/stress 99mTc-MIIBI gated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before and after 10 days of administration of atenolol (20 patients) or placebo (8 patients). Dose of atenolol was titrated to achieve at least 15% decrease of heart rate from baseline.After 10 days of treatment with atenolol heart rate decreased from 78-/+3.1 to 59-/+1.1 bpm (p=0.01), whereas in placebo group there were no significant changes. Compared with placebo, treatment with atenolol was associated with significant decreases in extent and severity of perfusion defects, ischemic score and number of ischemic segments. No significant changes of parameters of left ventricular contractility occurred. Treatment with atenolol was associated with symptomatic improvement and increase of the total exercise time.Heart rate lowering during monotherapy with atenolol was associated with improvement of myocardial perfusion and tolerance to exercise.

Out of 60 males aged 41 +/- 1 suffering from mild arterial hypertension (158 +/- 4/100 +/- 2 mm Hg) a hereditary load by hypertension was found in 63.3%, serum cholesterol levels reached 200 mg/dl in 85% of the patients. The patients with the load and enhanced Na-Li countertransport (403 +/- 49 mumol Li/1/cell/hr against 185 +/- 28 mumol Li/1/cell/hr in those without hereditary predisposition, p0.05) showed a significantly higher serum level of IgA and IgE (3.68 +/- 0.33 g/l and 127 +/- 14 U/ml vs 2.61 +/- 0.33 g/l and 79 +/- 15 U/ml, respectively, in those without the load, p0.01, p0.05). An IgE level significantly correlated with the amplitude of norepinephrine vascular reactivity (r = 0.35, p0.05). The discussion is concerned with IgE hyperproduction significance. Correlating with the amplitude of vascular reactivity on sympathetic stimuli and being independent of hypertension magnitude, this hyperproduction may underlie a high risk of atherosclerosis and vascular complications as a result of IgE-mediated vascular reactions in young subjects with mild hypertension in hereditary loading, erythrocytic accelerated Na-Li countertransport and lipid metabolism derangement.

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone++ system was investigated in 60 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Forty-four of them (group 1) had arterial hypertension (144 +/- 4/94 +/- 2 mm Hg), sixteen were free of hypertension (120 +/- 3/80 +/- 1 mm Hg). Twenty-nine control subjects comparable by AH standing and demographic parameters had essential hypertension stage IB-IIA by A. L. Myasnikov classification (141 +/- 3/89 +/- 1 mm Hg). A tendency to renin suppression was dominating in 72% of group 1 patients (plasma renin activity less than 1.0 ng/ml/h). In this group there appeared high concentrations of A II (14.2 +/- 3.1 pg/ml) and plasma aldosterone++ (238 +/- 94 ng/ml). Rheumatoid vasculitis manifested in 86% of patients. Control subjects exhibited plasma renin activity greater than 3.0 ng/ml/hin 48%, average A II concentration was similar to that of group 1 (12.4 +/- 2.7 ng/ml/h, p greater than 0.05), plasma aldosterone++ level was significantly lower (176 +/- 29 ng/ml, p less than 0.05). Correlations were established between A II concentration and ESR (r = 0.39, p less than 0.05), A II and rheumatoid factor titers (r = 0.40, p less than 0.05). These indicate that immunopathological reactions are responsible for shifts in renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system in hypertensive rheumatoid arthritis subjects.

A study was made of the concentration of endothelin (ET) in the plasma of patients suffering from arterial hypertension (AH), heart failure (HF) and in that of healthy volunteers. The concentration of ET in the normal subjects was within 4.0-8.6 pg/ml, in the patients with AH, it varied from 5.7 to 64.5 pg/ml, and in the patients suffering from HF, from 8.8 to 94.0 pg/ml. A subgroup of patients with essential hypertension, stage II B, showed a tendency towards a rise of the ET concentration in response to orthostatic load that was associated with an increase of the concentration of angiotensin-2.

The content of IgA, IgM, IgG and IgE was measured in 55 male patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension (EH) running a labile course (25 patients) and a stable course (30 patients). Analyzing the material, account was taken of aggravated heredity factor as regards arterial hypertension, established according to the anamnesis in relatives of the first degree kinship. A group of patients with the aggravated familial anamnesis as regards arterial hypertension were distinguished. They suffered from labile hypertension with a tendency to hyperreninemia and IgE overproduction, which may be unfavourable in terms of EH progression and development of cardiovascular complications.

Fifteen patients with essential hypertension underwent treatment with captopril (7 patients) and ramipril (8 patients). The drugs belong to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Pretreatment immunological examination and that after a 10-15-week course of the above therapy involved measurements of IgG, IgA, IgE and beta 2-microglobulin. The analysis of the trend in the immunological indices demonstrated that captopril, distinct from ramipril by the presence of a sulfhydryl group, caused a decrease in immunological parameters suggesting a potential role of culfhydryl groups in mediating ACE inhibitor action on the immune system. The immunological properties of captopril may appear useful in various systemic diseases.

1. Information has been obtained on the methanol extraction of unsaponifiables-II and on unsaponifiables-II fraction boiling below 425°C, in order to design a pilot plant for separating C10-C20 alcohols. 2. Additional results are obtained on the crystallization of a methanol extract of unsaponifiables-II and the unsaponifiables-II fraction boiling below 425°C, in batch mixers and for filtration on an experimental drum vacuum filter, with the purpose of removing the solid high molecular weight products. 3. The following yields of technical C10-C20 aliphatic alcohols have been obtained, calculated on unsaponifiables-II: 17.8% from unsaponifiables-II, 19.6% from the fraction boiling below 425°C. 4. After extracting the nonsulfated substance the technical C10-C16 alcohol fractions are good raw material for producing washing powders.

Interest in ascorbic acid as a supplementary agent with a positive effect in the treatment of cancer has increased considerably in the last decade. Ascorbic acid has been shown to have a distinct inhibitory effect on carcinogenesis induced in experimental animals by precursors of nitrosamines [7], by preventing the formation of carcinogens from them by metabolitesof tryptophan and tyrosine [3, 8], an effect primarily linked with the properties .of ascorbic acid as an active antioxidant [6], or explained by the specific participation of this vitamin in the metabolism of these amino acids.

Different levels of water-salt metabolism control were studied in patients with stable essential hypertension (SEH). The sample was found to be highly heterogeneous in terms of the magnitude of the body's water-filled spaces in relation to plasma renin activity (PRA) and the cooking salt gustatory sensitivity threshold, examined in the presence of various salt diets and diuretic treatments. Three patterns of response to salt loads were identified in SEH patients with respect to sodium and water elimination by the kidneys: the first was identical to that of normal subjects, while the second one featured increased, and the third one, decreased, diuresis and natriuresis. Prostaglandin E2 and kallikrein were shown to be involved in the formation of the second- and third-type renal response to excessive salt. Differential treatment of EH patients with diuretics alone or, where necessary, in combinations with small-dose beta-blockers or vasodilators provides effective BP control for some 1.5 to 2 years in 65% of patients.

Transplacental administration of tyrosine metabolite p-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid having blastomogenic activity induced development of malignant and benign neoplasms (leukemias and lymphosarcomas, adenomas and pulmonary carcinoma, hepatomas, papillomas, and cancer of the urinary bladder and other tumours) in progeny of CC57BR and C57BL mouse strains, in 88 and 78% of cases, respectively. The number of neoplasms was significantly higher, than in the control, they appeared earlier and were of more malignant character. The role of endogenous blastomogenic substances in the development of leukemias in the newborn and yound children is discussed.

Water and saline loading and Lasix administration lead to the intensification of the renal kallikrein-kinin system activity in rats. A positive correlation between the kallikrein excretion, urine volume and "osmotically free water" clearance was established in water and osmotic diuresis. There was the highest amount of kallikrein excreted by the kidneys during the "escape" phenomenon after saline loading. Kallikrein excretion correlated positively with sodium excretion in osmotic diuresis. The role played by the kallikrein-kinin system in control of diuresis, sodium excretion and concentrating capacity of the kidneys is discussed.

Study of the hormone content and enzyme activity in patients with hypertensive disease at rest and in various types of stimulation revealed predominance of pressor humoral systems over depressor ones. With the development of the disease, the reaction of these humoral systems to stimulation diminishes. Decrease of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system compensatory reaction and the prostaglandin F level in patients with stable, high arterial pressur in response to furosemide administration may be among the causes of the hypotensive and natriuretic effect of this preparation. Activization of the humoral depressor systems in the initial stage of the disease is conducive to the preservation of the water-electrolyte hemostasis in the organism and maintains the labile level of arterial pressure despite the increased activity of the natrium-retaining hormones. Exhaustion of the humoral depressor systems may be one of the causes of arterial pressure stabilization.