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This paper investigates the impact of pandemic-induced uncertainty on the changes in the level and volatility of tourism demand. We estimate a structural VAR model using U.S. monthly data from January 2000 to December 2021 and find that pandemic-induced uncertainty shock has a negative and significant impact on inbound tourism. Our results reveal that, in the long run, a one-standard-deviation shock in the index of uncertainty induced by global pandemic shock explains about 50 per cent of the variations in the demand for tourism. Our findings on the predictive power of pandemic-induced uncertainty on tourism demand has important policy implications for tourism and hospitality management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing empirical evidence suggests that in low-income economies, an increase in government spending leads to a reduction of growth. This article aims to explain this empirical fact by considering [...]

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2010.00654.x Byline: RATBEK DZHUMASHEV (1), EMIN GAHRAMANOV (2) Keywords: H26; D91; O41 Abstract: We develop an endogenous growth model a la Barro (1990), augmented with income tax evasion. Unlike many traditional rational choice models of tax evasion, the numerical simulations of our model do not produce counter-intuitive results. Further, we show that: (i) accounting for evasion costs (while capturing the full risk associated with the tax evasion process) is important for obtaining realistic relationships between key model variables; (ii) productive government expenditures explicitly affect the economy's tax evasion rate; (iii) Barro's natural efficiency condition for setting the optimal statutory tax rate holds even in the presence of tax evasion; (iv) given realistic estimates of the public expenditure externality, the average marginal income tax rate in Australia is not too far away from the optimal one; and (v) differences in tax evasion opportunities aggravate inequality over time. Author Affiliation: (1)Department of Economics, Monash University, Berwick, Victoria, Australia (2)School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia Article note: Emin Gahramanov, School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, Deakin University Burwood campus, 70 Elgar Road, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia. Email: eming@deakin.edu.au

This paper examines the relationship between income inequality and economic growth in a broad panel of countries over the period from 1965 to 2014. We utilize an improved dataset for inequality with reduced measurement errors, which fosters cross-country comparability. In addition, we investigate whether accounting for heterogeneity across countries alters the estimated effect of inequality on growth, and whether the inequality-growth nexus varies with the level of income inequality. Our estimates show that after accounting for heterogeneity, the nonlinear growth effect of income inequality remains statistically and economically significant. We find a threshold effect of inequality on economic growth, and this threshold is higher for developing economies than for developed economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between income inequality and economic growth in a broad panel of countries over the period from 1965 to 2014. We utilize an improved dataset for inequality with reduced measurement errors, which fosters cross-country comparability. In addition, we investigate whether accounting for heterogeneity across countries alters the estimated effect of inequality on growth, and whether the inequalitygrowth nexus varies with the level of income inequality. Our estimates show that after accounting for heterogeneity, the nonlinear growth effect of income inequality remains statistically and economically significant. We find a threshold effect of inequality on economic growth, and this threshold is higher for developing economies than for developed economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of fiscal equalization payments on the composition of government spending under endogenous growth theory. Analytical conjectures stemming from the model are tested empirically. As an instrumental variable for within-province variations in provinces' equalization entitlements, we use plausibly exogenous variations in the grant eligibility rule for the Canadian fiscal equalization system. We find that fiscal equalization payments have a significant negative effect on the share of productive expenditures and a significant positive effect on the share of unproductive government expenditures. Furthermore, the results show that fiscal equalization lowers the speed of cross-regional convergence in real gross domestic product per worker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feldstein-Horioka hypothesis states that if there is perfect capital mobility, low correlation between domestic investment and savings should be observed. However, empirical analysis failed to confirm the hypothesis. This study attempts to shed a new light on international capital mobility by incorporating the effect of the fiscal balance and the financial balance. Specifically, for a panel of 161 countries over the 1990-2013 period, the extended model is tested in comparison with the existing models of capital mobility. At the aggregate level, strong support is found for the extended model; while, at the region disaggregated level, compared to the existing models the hypothesis of capital mobility holds for a larger number of regions. Our model and estimates are additionally extended to account for the fact that the above mentioned relationships, are conditional on the country's level of financial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that high historical excess returns to equity were the result of a severe ex post bias in the period from 1915 to ca 1960 because inflation surprises during this period drove a wedge between ex ante and ex post returns to bonds. Furthermore, it is shown that ex ante and ex post returns to stocks are identical in a steady state. Adjusting the ex post equity premium by the ex post bias reduces the equity premium to an arithmetic mean of 3.3-4.4% over the past 132 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]