Search

Your search keyword '"Džakula, Aleksandar"' showing total 246 results
Start Over Author "Džakula, Aleksandar"
246 results on '"Džakula, Aleksandar"'

3. Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Author

Zhou, Bin, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Danaei, Goodarz, Riley, Leanne M, Paciorek, Christopher J, Stevens, Gretchen A, Gregg, Edward W, Bennett, James E, Solomon, Bethlehem, Singleton, Rosie K, Sophiea, Marisa K, Iurilli, Maria LC, Lhoste, Victor PF, Cowan, Melanie J, Savin, Stefan, Woodward, Mark, Balanova, Yulia, Cifkova, Renata, Damasceno, Albertino, Elliott, Paul, Farzadfar, Farshad, He, Jiang, Ikeda, Nayu, Kengne, Andre P, Khang, Young-Ho, Kim, Hyeon Chang, Laxmaiah, Avula, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Margozzini Maira, Paula, Miranda, J Jaime, Neuhauser, Hannelore, Sundström, Johan, Varghese, Cherian, Widyahening, Indah S, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A, Abdul Rahim, Hanan F, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Afzal, Shoaib, Agdeppa, Imelda A, Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmadi, Nastaran, Ahmadizar, Fariba, Ahmed, Soheir H, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alarouj, Monira, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M, Alkandari, Abdullah, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Allin, Kristine, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N, Amougou, Norbert, Amouyel, Philippe, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Ansong, Daniel, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araújo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K, Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K, Assunção, Maria Cecília F, Auvinen, Juha, Avdićová, Mária, Azevedo, Ana, Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V, Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Banadinović, Maja, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, José R, Baran, Joanna, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barceló, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barreto, Marta, Barros, Aluisio JD, Barros, Mauro Virgílio Gomes, Bartosiewicz, Anna, Basit, Abdul, Bastos, Joao Luiz D, Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A, Beaglehole, Robert, Belavendra, Antonisamy, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benet, Mikhail, Benson, Lowell S, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloísa, Bezerra, Jorge, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bhargava, Santosh K, Bia, Daniel, Biasch, Katia, Bika Lele, Elysée Claude, Bikbov, Mukharram M, Bista, Bihungum, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B, Björkelund, Cecilia, Bloch, Katia V, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G, Boissonnet, Carlos P, Bojesen, Stig E, Bongard, Vanina, Bonilla-Vargas, Alice, Bopp, Matthias, Borghs, Herman, Bovet, Pascal, Boyer, Christopher B, Braeckman, Lutgart, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M, Briceño, Yajaira, Brito, Miguel, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas, Bueno, Gloria, Bugge, Anna, Burns, Con, Bursztyn, Michael, Cabrera de León, Antonio, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cameron, Christine, Can, Günay, Cândido, Ana Paula C, Capanzana, Mario V, Čapková, Naděžda, Capuano, Eduardo, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C, Carlsson, Axel C, Carvalho, Joana, Casanueva, Felipe F, Censi, Laura, Cervantes-Loaiza, Marvin, Chadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W, Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K, Chaturvedi, Nish, Chee, Miao Li, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cheraghian, Bahman, Cherkaoui Dekkaki, Imane, Chetrit, Angela, Chien, Kuo-Liong, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Chirlaque, María-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Christensen, Kaare, Christofaro, Diego G, Chudek, Jerzy, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clarke, Janine, Clays, Els, Cohen, Emmanuel, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Coppinger, Tara C, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L, Crampin, Amelia C, Crujeiras, Ana B, Cruz, Juan J, Csilla, Semánová, Cui, Liufu, Cureau, Felipe V, Cuschieri, Sarah, D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M, Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, De Curtis, Amalia, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Ridder, David, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D, DeGennaro, Vincent Jr, Delisle, Hélène, Demarest, Stefaan, Dennison, Elaine, Deschamps, Valérie, Dhimal, Meghnath, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F, Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dickerson, Ty T, Dika, Zivka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Ha TP, Dobson, Annette J, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P, Döring, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Dörr, Marcus, Doua, Kouamelan, Dragano, Nico, Drygas, Wojciech, Duante, Charmaine A, Duboz, Priscilla, Duda, Rosemary B, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dushpanova, Anar, Džakula, Aleksandar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eddie, Ricky, Eftekhar, Ebrahim, Eggertsen, Robert, Eghtesad, Sareh, Eiben, Gabriele, Ekelund, Ulf, El-Khateeb, Mohammad, El Ati, Jalila, Eldemire-Shearer, Denise, Eliasen, Marie, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T, Erbel, Raimund, Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G, Escobedo-de la Peña, Jorge, Eslami, Saeid, Esmaeili, Ali, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fakhretdinova, Albina A, Fall, Caroline H, Faramarzi, Elnaz, Farjam, Mojtaba, Fattahi, Mohammad Reza, Fawwad, Asher, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J, Felix, Stephan B, Ferguson, Trevor S, Fernandes, Romulo A, Fernández-Bergés, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrao, Thomas, Ferrari, Marika, Ferrario, Marco M, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferreira, Haroldo S, Ferrer, Eldridge, Ferrieres, Jean, Figueiró, Thamara Hubler, Fink, Günther, Fischer, Krista, Foo, Leng Huat, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M, Francis, Damian K, Franco, Maria do Carmo, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D, Fuchs, Sandra C, Fujita, Yuki, Fumihiko, Matsuda, Furdela, Viktoriya, Furer, Ariel, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galbarczyk, Andrzej, Galenkamp, Henrike, Galvano, Fabio, Gao, Jingli, Gao, Pei, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Garcia, Pablo, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P, Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gazzinelli, Andrea, Gehring, Ulrike, Geleijnse, Johanna M, George, Ronnie, Ghanbari, Ali, Ghasemi, Erfan, Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina, Ghimire, Anup, Gialluisi, Alessandro, Giampaoli, Simona, Gieger, Christian, Gill, Tiffany K, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Gironella, Glen, Giwercman, Aleksander, Gkiouras, Konstantinos, Goldberg, Marcel, Goldsmith, Rebecca A, Gomez, Luis F, Gomula, Aleksandra, Gonçalves, Helen, Gonçalves, Mauer, Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Bruna, Gonzalez-Chica, David A, Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, González-Rivas, Juan P, González-Villalpando, Clicerio, González-Villalpando, María-Elena, Gonzalez, Angel R, Gorbea, Mariano Bonet, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dušan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G, Gregor, Ronald D, Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Gu, Dongfeng, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudmundsson, Elias F, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L, Gulliford, Martin C, Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc J, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Ha, Seongjun, Hadaegh, Farzad, Haghshenas, Rosa, Hakimi, Hamid, Halkjær, Jytte, Hambleton, Ian R, Hamzeh, Behrooz, Hange, Dominique, Hanif, Abu AM, Hantunen, Sari, Hao, Jie, Hardman, Carla Menêses, Hari Kumar, Rachakulla, Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad, Hata, Jun, Haugsgjerd, Teresa, Hayes, Alison J, He, Yuna, Heier, Margit, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henrique, Rafael dos Santos, Henriques, Ana, Hernandez Cadena, Leticia, Herqutanto, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hill, Allan G, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C, Hobbs, Michael, Holdsworth, Michelle, Homayounfar, Reza, Horasan Dinc, Gonul, Horimoto, Andrea RVR, Hormiga, Claudia M, Horta, Bernardo L, Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, José María, Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Huiart, Laetitia, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif S, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G, Ibrahim, Mohsen M, Ibrahim Wong, Norazizah, Ikram, M Arfan, Iotova, Violeta, Irazola, Vilma E, Ishida, Takafumi, Isiguzo, Godsent C, Islam, Muhammad, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jackson, Rod T, Jacobs, Jeremy M, Jaddou, Hashem Y, Jafar, Tazeen, James, Kenneth, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Janus, Edward, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelaković, Ana, Jelaković, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jha, Anjani Kumar, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Jimenez, Ramon O, Jöckel, Karl-Heinz, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jokelainen, Jari J, Jonas, Jost B, Jørgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jóżwiak, Jacek, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Jureša, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O, Kalmatayeva, Zhanna, Kalpourtzi, Natasa, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kampmann, Freja B, Kannan, Srinivasan, Karaglani, Eva, Kårhus, Line L, Karki, Khem B, Katibeh, Marzieh, Katz, Joanne, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M, Keil, Ulrich, Keinan Boker, Lital, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han CG, Keramati, Maryam, Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kheiri, Bahareh, Kheradmand, Motahareh, Khosravi, Alireza, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Dong Wook, Kim, Jeongseon, Klakk, Heidi, Klimek, Magdalena, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Kontto, Jukka P, Korpelainen, Raija, Korrovits, Paul, Kos, Jelena, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kratenova, Jana, Kriaucioniene, Vilma, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steiner, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S, Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kujala, Urho M, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R Krishna, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S, Kutsenko, Vladimir, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Laid, Youcef, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Latt, Tint Swe, Le Coroller, Gwenaëlle, Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh, Le, Tuyen D, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehmann, Nils, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lemogoum, Daniel, Levitt, Naomi S, Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L, Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M Fernanda, Lin, Xu, Lin, Yi-Ting, Lind, Lars, Lingam, Vijaya, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Lo, Wei-Cheng, Loit, Helle-Mai, Lopez-Garcia, Esther, Lopez, Tania, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, José Eugenio, Lukačević Lovrenčić, Iva, Lukrafka, Janice L, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lundqvist, Robert, Lunet, Nuno, Lustigová, Michala, Luszczki, Edyta, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George LL, Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M, Macia, Enguerran, Macieira, Luisa M, Madar, Ahmed A, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Magriplis, Emmanuella, Mahasampath, Gowri, Maire, Bernard, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malekzadeh, Fatemeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rahul, Mallikharjuna Rao, Kodavanti, Malyutina, Sofia K, Maniego, Lynell V, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Manzato, Enzo, Marcil, Anie, Mårild, Staffan B, Marinović Glavić, Mihalea, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martorell, Reynaldo, Mascarenhas, Luis P, Matasin, Marija, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B, Mathur, Prashant, Matijasevich, Alicia, Matlosz, Piotr, Matsha, Tandi E, Mavrogianni, Christina, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, Mc Donald Posso, Anselmo J, McFarlane, Shelly R, McGarvey, Stephen T, McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M, McLean, Scott B, McNulty, Breige A, Mediene Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Mehdipour, Parinaz, Mehlig, Kirsten, Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Mendoza Montano, Carlos, Menezes, Ana Maria B, Menon, Geetha R, Mereke, Alibek, Meshram, Indrapal I, Metspalu, Andres, Meyer, Haakon E, Mi, Jie, Michels, Nathalie, Mikkel, Kairit, Milkowska, Karolina, Miller, Jody C, Minderico, Cláudia S, Mini, GK, Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mišigoj-Duraković, Marjeta, Modesti, Pietro A, Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohamed, Mostafa K, Mohamed, Shukri F, Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza, Mohammadi, Zahra, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli, Mohebbi, Iraj, Mohebi, Farnam, Moitry, Marie, Møllehave, Line T, Molnár, Dénes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K, Monterrubio-Flores, Eric, Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K, Moon, Jin Soo, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moreira, Leila B, Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A, Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mostafavi, Seyed-Ali, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos André, Mridha, Malay K, Msyamboza, Kelias P, Mu, Thet Thet, Muhihi, Alfa J, Muiesan, Maria L, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Musić Milanović, Sanja, Musil, Vera, Mustafa, Norlaila, Nabipour, Iraj, Naderimagham, Shohreh, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M, Najafi, Farid, Nakamura, Harunobu, Námešná, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K, Nangia, Vinay B, Narake, Sameer, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Neal, William A, Nejatizadeh, Azim, Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nguyen, Chung T, Nguyen, Nguyen D, Nguyen, Quang V, Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E, Niiranen, Teemu J, Nikitin, Yury P, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Njelekela, Marina A, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A, Noorbala, Ahmad Ali, Norat, Teresa, Nordendahl, Maria, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Noto, Davide, Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia, Nsour, Mohannad Al, Nunes, Baltazar, O'Neill, Terence W, O'Reilly, Dermot, Ochimana, Caleb, Oda, Eiji, Odili, Augustine N, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Ohtsuka, Ryutaro, Olié, Valérie, Olinto, Maria Teresa A, Oliveira, Isabel O, Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M, Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Ortiz, Pedro J, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M, Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A, Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Paiva, Karina Mary de, Pająk, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Paoli, Mariela, Papandreou, Dimitrios, Park, Soon-Woo, Park, Suyeon, Parnell, Winsome R, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Pasquet, Patrick, Patel, Nikhil D, Pavlyshyn, Halyna, Pećin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S, Pedro, João M, Peer, Nasheeta, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C, Peres, Karen GDA, Peres, Marco A, Peters, Annette, Petkeviciene, Janina, Peykari, Niloofar, Pham, Son Thai, Pichardo, Rafael N, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Pizarro, Andreia n, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Polašek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Poudyal, Anil, Pourfarzi, Farhad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Price, Alison J, Price, Jacqueline F, Providencia, Rui, Puhakka, Soile E, Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F, Qorbani, Mostafa, Queiroz, Daniel, Quoc Bao, Tran, Radić, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahimikazerooni, Salar, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rakhimova, Ellina M, Ramachandra Rao, Sudha, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rangel Reina, Daniel A, Rarra, Vayia, Rech, Cassiano Ricardo, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M, Regecová, Valéria, Revilla, Luis, Rezaianzadeh, Abbas, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Richter, Adrian, Rigo, Fernando, Rinke de Wit, Tobias F, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M, Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Perez, María del Cristo, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A, Roggenbuck, Ulla, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Romeo, Elisabetta L, Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel GR, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard, Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Ruiz-Castell, Maria, Rusakova, Iuliia A, Russo, Paola, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sabbaghi, Hamideh, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Sadjadi, Alireza, Safarpour, Ali Reza, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Saki, Nader, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A, Santos, Ina S, Santos, Lèlita C, Santos, Maria Paula, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L, Sardinha, Luis B, Sarganas, Giselle, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Sawada, Norie, Sbaraini, Mariana, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O, Schnohr, Peter, Schöttker, Ben, Schramm, Sara, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E, Sebert, Sylvain, Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servais, Jennifer, Shalnova, Svetlana A, Shamah-Levy, Teresa, Shamshirgaran, Morteza, Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam, Sharafkhah, Maryam, Sharma, Sanjib K, Shaw, Jonathan E, Shayanrad, Amaneh, Shayesteh, Ali Akbar, Shi, Zumin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana, Shin, Dong Wook, Shirani, Majid, Shiri, Rahman, Shrestha, Namuna, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siani, Alfonso, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M, Silva, Caroline Ramos de Moura, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöström, Michael, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, So, Hung-Kwan, Soares, Fernanda Cunha, Sobngwi, Eugène, Söderberg, Stefan, Soemantri, Agustinus, Sofat, Reecha, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Somi, Mohammad Hossein, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Sørgjerd, Elin P, Sorić, Maroje, Sossa Jérome, Charles, Soumaré, Aïcha, Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente, Sparrenberger, Karen, Staessen, Jan A, Starc, Gregor, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Doris, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Suka, Machi, Sun, Chien-An, Sung, Yn-Tz, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G, Syddall, Holly E, Sylva, René Charles, Szklo, Moyses, Tai, E Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B, Taylor, Anne, Taylor, Julie, Tebar, William R, Tell, Grethe S, Tello, Tania, Tham, Yih Chung, Thankappan, KR, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thinggaard, Mikael, Thomas, Nihal, Thorand, Barbara, Thuesen, Betina H, Timmermans, Erik J, Tjandrarini, Dwi H, Tjonneland, Anne, Toft, Ulla, Tolonen, Hanna K, Tolstrup, Janne S, Topbas, Murat, Topór-Madry, Roman, Tormo, María José, Tornaritis, Michael J, Torrent, Maties, Torres-Collado, Laura, Touloumi, Giota, Traissac, Pierre, Triantafyllou, Areti, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh TH, Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Tuliakova, Azaliia M, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K, Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L, Twig, Gilad, Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice, Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu MT, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van Dam, Rob M, van den Born, Bert-Jan, Van der Heyden, Johan, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Van Herck, Koen, Van Minh, Hoang, Van Schoor, Natasja M, van Valkengoed, Irene GM, van Zutphen, Elisabeth M, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Varbo, Anette, Vasan, Senthil K, Vega, Tomas, Veidebaum, Toomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, WM Monique, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G, Viet, Lucie, Villalpando, Salvador, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Ari, Wade, Alisha N, Walton, Janette, Wambiya, Elvis OA, Wan Bebakar, Wan Mohamad, Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon, Wanderley Júnior, Rildo de Souza, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Qian, Wang, Xiangjun, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wei, Wenbin, Weres, Aneta, Werner, Bo, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Andrew, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Shouling, Wyszynska, Justyna, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yaacob, Nor Azwany, Yan, Weili, Yang, Ling, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yang, Yang, Yasuharu, Tabara, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoosefi, Moein, Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, San-Lin, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul, Zamani, Farhad, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zaw, Ko Ko, Zejglicova, Kristyna, Zeljkovic Vrkic, Tajana, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhu, Dan, Zins, Marie, Zitt, Emanuel, Zocalo, Yanina, Zoghlami, Nada, Zuñiga Cisneros, Julio, and Ezzati, Majid

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Assessment of Salt, Potassium, and Iodine Intake in the Croatian Adult Population Using 24 h Urinary Collection: The EH-UH 2 Study.

Author

Marinović Glavić, Mihaela, Bilajac, Lovorka, Bolješić, Marta, Bubaš, Marija, Capak, Krunoslav, Domislović, Marija, Džakula, Aleksandar, Fuček, Mirjana, Gellineo, Lana, Jelaković, Ana, Josipović, Josipa, Jukić, Tomislav, Juraga, Denis, Pećin, Ivan, Prelević, Vladimir, Radunović, Danilo, Reiner, Željko, Rukavina, Tomislav, Šušnjara, Petar, and Vasiljev, Vanja

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of death in Croatia, are linked to the high prevalence of hypertension. Both are associated with high salt intake, which was determined almost two decades ago when Croatian Action on Salt and Health (CRASH) was launched. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate salt, potassium, and iodine intake using a single 24 h urine sample in a random sample of the adult Croatian population and to analyse trends in salt consumption after the CRASH was intensively started. Methods: In this study, we analysed data on 1067 adult participants (mean age 57.12 (SD 13.9), men 35%). Results: Mean salt and potassium intakes were 8.6 g/day (IQR 6.2–11.2) and 2.8 g/day (IQR 2.1–3.5), respectively, with a sodium-to-potassium ratio of 2.6 (IQR 1.8–3.3). We detected a decrease of 17.6% (2 g/day less) in salt consumption compared with our previous salt-mapping study. However, only 13.7% and 8.9% met the WHO salt and potassium recommended targets of 5 g/day and 3.5 g/day, respectively. Salt intake was higher, and potassium ingestion was lower, in rural vs. urban regions and in continental vs. Mediterranean parts of Croatia. Moderate to severe iodine insufficiency was determined in only 3% of the adult participants. Conclusion: In the last fifteen years, salt consumption has been significantly reduced in the Croatian adult population because of the intensive and broad CRASH program. However, salt intake is still too high, and potassium ingestion is too low. Salt reduction programs are the most cost-effective methods of cardiovascular disease prevention and merit greater consideration by the government and health policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Health care provider payment schemes across nine Central and Eastern European countries – a comparative analysis

Author

Ndayishimiye, Costase, primary, Tambor, Marzena, additional, Behmane, Daiga, additional, Dimova, Antoniya, additional, Džakula, Aleksandar, additional, Dūdele, Alina, additional, Erasti, Barbora, additional, Gaál, Péter, additional, Habicht, Triin, additional, Hroboň, Pavel, additional, Murauskienė, Liubovė, additional, Palicz, Tamás, additional, Scîntee, Silvia Gabriela, additional, Šlegerová, Lenka, additional, Vladescu, Cristian, additional, and Dubas-Jakóbczyk, Katarzyna, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants

Author

Zhou, Bin, Bentham, James, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Cowan, Melanie J, Paciorek, Christopher J, Singh, Gitanjali, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Bennett, James E, Taddei, Cristina, Bilano, Ver, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Djalalinia, Shirin, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Lugero, Charles, Peykari, Niloofar, Zhang, Wan Zhu, Lu, Yuan, Stevens, Gretchen A, Riley, Leanne M, Bovet, Pascal, Elliott, Paul, Gu, Dongfeng, Ikeda, Nayu, Jackson, Rod T, Joffres, Michel, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lam, Tai Hing, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Miranda, J Jaime, Mondo, Charles K, Neuhauser, Hannelore K, Sundström, Johan, Smeeth, Liam, Soric, Maroje, Woodward, Mark, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A, Rahim, Hanan Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Agyemang, Charles, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Al Raddadi, Rajaa, Al Woyatan, Rihab, Ali, Mohamed M, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Aly, Eman, Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Ängquist, Lars, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansong, Daniel, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araújo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna, Arveiler, Dominique, Assah, Felix K, Assunção, Maria Cecília F, Avdicová, Mária, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V, Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, José R, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barceló, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J D, Barros, Mauro V, Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M, Baur, Louise A, Beaglehole, Robert, Romdhane, Habiba Ben, Benet, Mikhail, Benson, Lowell S, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K, Bi, Yufang, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Björkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G, Boissonnet, Carlos P, Bongard, Vanina, Braeckman, Lutgart, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B(as), Bugge, Anna, Burns, Con, Bursztyn, Michael, de León, Antonio Cabrera, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cameron, Christine, Can, Günay, Cândido, Ana Paula C, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C, Carlsson, Axel C, Carvalho, Maria J, Casanueva, Felipe F, Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W, Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Dekkaki, Imane Cherkaoui, Chetrit, Angela, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Claessens, Frank, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L, Crujeiras, Ana B, Cruz, Juan J, D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M, Dauchet, Luc, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Hélène, Deschamps, Valérie, Dhana, Klodian, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F, Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dickerson, Ty T, Do, Ha T P, Dobson, Annette J, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P, Döring, Angela, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Dulskiene, Virginija, Džakula, Aleksandar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, El Ati, Jalila, Ellert, Ute, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T, Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, de la Peña, Jorge Escobedo, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H, Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J, Ferguson, Trevor S, Fernández-Bergés, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D, Fischer, Krista, Föger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fortmann, Stephen P, Fouad, Heba M, Francis, Damian K, Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H, Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D, Fuchs, Sandra C, Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P, Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Gavrila, Diana, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Ghimire, Anup, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Goldsmith, Rebecca A, Gonçalves, Helen, Gross, Marcela Gonzalez, Rivas, Juan P González, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dušan, Grajda, Aneta, Gregor, Ronald D, Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grøntved, Anders, Gruden, Grabriella, Grujic, Vera, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L, Gulliford, Martin C, Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Gupta, Prakash C, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Halkjær, Jytte, Hambleton, Ian R, Hardy, Rebecca, Harikumar, Rachakulla, Hata, Jun, Hayes, Alison J, He, Jiang, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henriques, Ana, Cadena, Leticia Hernandez, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C, Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Dinc, Gonul Horasan, Hormiga, Claudia M, Horta, Bernardo L, Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, José María, Husseini, Abdullatif S, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G, Ibrahim, M Mohsen, Ikram, M Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E, Islam, Muhammad, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jacobs, Jeremy M, Jafar, Tazeen, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Johansson, Mattias, Jonas, Jost B, Jørgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Jureša, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi, Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han C G, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khang, Young-Ho, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Klumbiene, Jurate, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Koziel, Slawomir, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S, Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M, Kula, Krzysztof, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R Krishna, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Lachat, Carl, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Laugsand, Lars E, Bao, Khanh Le Nguyen, Le, Tuyen D, Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lekhraj, Rampal, León-Muñoz, Luz M, Levitt, Naomi S, Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L, Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, José Eugenio, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L L, Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rahul, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Malyutina, Sofia, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I, Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marrugat, Jaume, Martorell, Reynaldo, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B, Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, Posso, Anselmo J Mc Donald, McFarlane, Shelly R, McGarvey, Stephen T, McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M, McNulty, Breige A, Khir, Amir Sharifuddin Md, Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B, Menon, Geetha R, Meshram, Indrapal I, Metspalu, Andres, Mi, Jie, Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C, Miquel, Juan Francisco, Mišigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Mohamed, Mostafa K, Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Møller, Niels C, Molnár, Dénes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K, Moreira, Leila B, Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A, Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Muiesan, Maria L, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Musil, Vera, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M, Nakamura, Harunobu, Námešná, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K, Nangia, Vinay B, Narake, Sameer, Navarrete-Muñoz, Eva Maria, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Neal, William A, Nenko, Ilona, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Nguyen D, Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E, Niiranen, Teemu J, Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A, Noorbala, Ahmad Ali, Noorbala, Teresa, Noto, Davide, Al Nsour, Mohannad, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oh, Kyungwon, Olinto, Maria Teresa A, Oliveira, Isabel O, Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ordunez, Pedro, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M, Otero, Johanna A, Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palmieri, Luigi, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrios, Parnell, Winsome R, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S, Peer, Nasheeta, Peeters, Petra H, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Pelletier, Catherine, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C, Pérez, Rosa Marina, Peters, Annette, Petkeviciene, Janina, Pham, Son Thai, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Polakowska, Maria, Polašek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen LP, Pourshams, Akram, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F, Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Sanjay, Reina, Daniel A Rangel, Rasmussen, Finn, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, de Wit, Tobias F Rinke, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M, Robinson, Sian M, Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Perez del Cristo, María, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rosengren, Annika, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Rui, Ornelas, Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Horimoto, Andrea R V Russo, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana, Santos, Ina S, dos Santos, Renata Nunes, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L, Sardinha, Luis B, Margolis, Giselle Sarganas, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas C, Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schneider, Ione J, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sharma, Sanjib K, Shaw, Jonathan E, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöström, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smith, Margaret C, Snijder, Marieke B, So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugène, Söderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Jérome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A, Starc, Gregor, Stathopoulou, Maria G, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Doris, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, Chien-An, Sung, Yn-Tz, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G, Tai, E Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tang, Line, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B, Taylor, Anne, Theobald, Holger, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H, Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K, Tolstrup, Janne S, Topbas, Murat, Topór-Madry, Roman, Tormo, María José, Torrent, Maties, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T H, Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L, Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice, Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M T, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Van Herck, Koen, van Rossem, Lenie, van Valkengoed, Irene GM, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lars, Vega, Tomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, W M Monique, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G, Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Vrdoljak, Ana, Vrijheid, Martine, Wade, Alisha N, Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong, Tien Yin, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Woo, Jean, Wu, Aleksander Giwercman, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Shou Ling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Yusoff, Ahmad F, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli M, Zambon, Sabina, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Yingffeng, Zhu, Dan, Zimmermann, Esther, and Zuñiga Cisneros, Julio

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Beyond the business-to-client model: how the business-tobusiness model can transform the complex patient care.

Author

Vočanec, Dorja, Džakula, Aleksandar, and Lončarek, Karmen

Subjects
*MEDICAL personnel, *MEDICAL personnel as patients, *HEALTH facilities, *PATIENT-centered care, *MEDICAL technologists, *RADIOLOGIC technologists, *OPERATING room nursing
Abstract

The article discusses the need for a shift from the traditional business-to-client (B2C) model to a business-to-business (B2B) model in healthcare, particularly in the context of complex patient care. The complexity of modern medicine and the fragmentation of care have made it necessary for healthcare professionals to collaborate and communicate directly with each other in real time. The B2B model would facilitate integration, coordination, and collaboration among healthcare providers, leading to improved treatment outcomes for complex patients. This paradigm shift would require healthcare professionals to build business relationships with each other, in addition to their relationship with the patient, and would involve a different type of communication and means. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Društvene i osobne odrednice zdravstvenog stanja i ponašanja žena u Hrvatskoj s posebnim osvrtom na zdravstvenu zaštitu žena domaćica

Author

Džakula, Aleksandar, Vuletić, Silvije, and dostupno, nije

Subjects
medicine, domaćice, zdravlje žena, zdravstvene potrebe, Hrvatska, WA 300-395 Health Problems of Special Population Groups
Abstract

Cilj ovog istraţivanja bio je istraţiti zdravstveno stanje i odrednice zdravlja populacije domaćica u Hrvatskoj. Korišteni su podaci iz istraţivanja „Hrvatska zdravstvena anketa 2003.“ u kojoj je bilo uključeno 9077 ispitanika. Taj populacijski uzorak bio je reprezentativan za populaciju odraslih osoba u Hrvatskoj. TakoĎer su korišteni i javnodostupni demografski i mortalitetni podaci. Prema Popisu stanovnika 2001. godine u Hrvatskoj, u populaciji od 4,437.460 stanovnika bile su 303.374 domaćice. U uzorku ovog istraţivanja od ukupno 6175 ispitanica, 1960 (31,7 posto) svoj je radni poloţaj karakteriziralo kao domaćica. S obzirom na mjesto stanovanja, najveći dio ispitanih domaćica ţivi na selu, njih 53,4 posto. Sveukupno bez ili samo sa završenom osnovnom školom bilo je 74,9 posto domaćica. Domaćice češće ţive u seoskim i prigradskim područjima, imaju niţi stupanj obrazovanja i manja primanja od zaposlenih ţena. Svoj ekonomski poloţaj ocjenjuju lošije nego zaposlene, ali bolje nego nezaposlene ţene. U ocjeni atraktivnosti ţivotnih uloga nisu prepoznate kao atraktivne. Domaćice imaju više stope smrtnosti od kardiovaskularnih bolesti, bolesti pluća te ozljeda nego ostale ţene u populaciji. Rezultati pokazuju veće i statistički značajne vjerojatnosti smrtnosti ţena domaćica od bolesti cirkulacijskoga sustava 1,48 puta, dišnoga sustava 1,50 puta, ozljeda i nesreća 1,29 puta te smrti povezanih s psihičkim bolestima 1,45 puta. MeĎu deset vodećih uzroka smrti prema dijagnozama, statistički značajne razlike izmeĎu domaćica i nedomaćica nisu utvrĎene za uzroke smrti vezane uz dijagnoze zloćudnih novotvorina dojke, zloćudne novotvorine debelog crijeva, zloćudne novotvorine dušnika i pluća te dijabetesa melitusa. Domaćice imaju veće šanse da budu ovisne o duhanu te više dosoljavaju hranu. Pozitivne oblike ponašanje u ovoj populaciji čine veća tjelesna aktivnost te više voća u prehrani. 98 Prehrambene navike pokazuju da domaćice u odnosu na zaposlene ţene koriste više masnoća ţivotinjskog porijekla, više dosoljavaju hranu, ali i jedu više voća. U odnosu na nezaposlene ţene domaćice koriste manje masti ţivotinjskog porijekla, više dosoljavaju hranu te jedu manje voća. Postupkom logističke regresije u populacijama domaćica i nedomaćica analiziran je omjer izgleda za subjektivnu ocjenu tjelesnog i mentalnog zdravlja. U odnosu na nedomaćice bez završene osnovne škole veće izglede za bolje mentalno zdravlje imaju: nedomaćice sa završenom osnovnom školom (1,42 puta), sa završenom srednjom školom (1,69 puta) te nedomaćice sa završenom višom školom (2,22) puta. Za skupinu domaćica ni u jednoj obrazovnoj kategoriji nisu jednoznačno utvrĎeni drukčiji izgledi za bolje mentalno zdravlje. U odnosu na domaćice bez završene osnovne škole veće izglede za bolje tjelesno zdravlje imaju: domaćice sa završenom osnovnom školom (1,63 puta), sa završenom srednjom školom (2,00) puta te domaćice sa završenim fakultetom (4,17 puta). Mjesto stanovanja, odnosno razina urbanizacije, ni kod domaćice niti kod nedomaćice ne mijenja jednoznačno izglede za bolje tjelesno zdravlje. Prikupljeni intervjui pokazuju kompleksnost uloge domaćice. Naime, osim uobičajenih odrednica socioekonomskog poloţaja i zdravlja u ţivotu ţena opće populacije, domaćice se izdvajaju i specifičnostima vezanim uza svoju ulogu. To su isključiva ekonomska ovisnost o suprugu, intenzivan i specifičan odnos s djecom, isticanje vlastite borbe za postignuća u ţivotu, kontradiktoran odnos prema zapošljavanju, specifična uloga domaćica u poslovima vezanim uz kuću (gradnja kuće, sudjelovanje u obiteljskom poslu) te intenzivan odnos s ostalim ukućanima. Ukupno rezultati ukazuju na lošije socioekonomsko i zdravstveno stanje domaćica u odnosu na ostatak ženske populacije., The aim of this study was to investigate health status and determinants of health in the housewife population in Croatia. The data were collected during the Croatian health survey in 2003, and compose representative sample of the Croatian population. Official demographic and mortality data for female population were used from the national census. Out of 4 437 460 citizens, 303 374 were housewives. Out of 6175 women in this study 1960 were housewives, 53,4% of them live in rural areas, whereas 74,9% don't have any or have only primary education. Housewives more often live in rural or suburban settings, have a lower education level and lower income than employed women. Their self assessment of the economic status is worse then of the employed, but better then the unemployed ones. Their position in the society is not recognized as attractive. Mortality rates for cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease and injuries are higher in the housewife than in the non-housewife population. In comparison to non-housewives, housewives have higher chances for death caused by the following causes: 1,48 times for cardiovascular disease, 1,50 times for lung disease, 1,29 due to accidents and 1,45 due to psychiatric disorders. Among ten leading causes of death there are no significant differences between housewives and non-housewives for the cancers (breast, colon, lung), and diabetes. Smoking and higher salt consumption are important health risks for the housewives. Higher physical activity rates and fruit consumption are positive behavioural determinants. In comparison to employed women, housewives eat more animal fats, add more salt to food and eat more fruit. In comparison to unemployed women, housewives eat less animal fat, add more salt to food, and eat less fruit. 101 Logistic regression models were used to analyze socioeconomic determinants for mental and physical health. In comparison to non-housewives without formal education, non-housewives with some degree of education have higher chances for better mental health: with primary school 1,42 times, with secondary school 1,69 times, and with higher education level 2,22 times. Among housewives there is no recognized influence of the observed socioeconomic determinants to the mental wellbeing. In comparison to the housewives without formal education, the housewives with some degree of education have higher chances for better physical health: with primary school 1,63 times, secondary school 2,00 times and with university degree 4,17. There was no clear relation between place of living and better physical health among housewives and non-housewives. Information collected in the interviews show very complex structure of the housewife role. Apart from usually recognized health determinants among general female population, there are many specific factors relevant for housewives. These are: economic relation with employed husband, intensive relations with children, ambivalent attitude to the employment possibilities, specific workload related to the household (family business, house construction) and very intensive relation with other family members. Overall results suggest worse socioeconomic and health status of the housewife population than the general female population in Croatia.

Published
2023

16. Complex patients – an academism or reality?

Author

Džakula, Aleksandar, Lončarek, Karmen, and Vočanec, Dorja

Subjects
patient complexity, integrated care, social medicine, BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Javno zdravstvo i zdravstvena zaštita, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Public Health and Health Care, General Medicine
Abstract

More diseases or more engaged health care resources to which modern medicine contributes do not mean greater complexity. A problem that requires a greater “quantity” of solutions is more difficult, but not necessarily more complex. Complexity arises from the interdependence of multiple interconnected elements. When it comes to the patient, the complexity arises from his or her capacity as a person to receive available help, which is influenced by social determinants and the mental health state of the person.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Health workforce shortage – doing the right things or doing things right?

Author

Džakula, Aleksandar, Relić, Danko, and Michelutti, Paolo

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, General Medicine, Hrvatska, zdravstveni radnici
Abstract

Healthcare workforce shortage is a worldwide problem (1). Workforce shortage may be defined as not having the right number of people with the right skills in the right place at the right time, to provide the right services to the right people (2). In this regard, the trends are worrisome, and the situation is getting worse. The consequences are also very consistent – limited care health services and limited quality of health care (1). In short, there is an imbalance between need and supply. The solution: as health care needs increase worldwide, the “production” of personnel must be increased! But is it really that simple? Are the problem and the solution so reciprocal and directly linked?

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Nurse coordinator of care as a facilitator of integration processes in palliative care.

Author

Vočanec, Dorja, Lončarek, Karmen, Sović, Slavica, and Džakula, Aleksandar

Subjects
OCCUPATIONAL roles, MEDICAL quality control, NURSES' attitudes, FOCUS groups, HUMAN research subjects, RESEARCH methodology, MANAGEMENT of medical records, INFORMED consent (Medical law), NURSES, GOVERNMENT policy, PROFESSIONAL competence, RESEARCH funding, INTEGRATED health care delivery, PALLIATIVE treatment
Abstract

Aims and objectives: This paper investigates the feasibility and the perception of the nurse's role as the palliative care coordinator. Background: Integrated care is a global imperative in all healthcare improvement processes. Due to Andrija Štampar's success in the organisation of public health services, Croatia today has more than hundred years of experience in care integration. The palliative care system has been continuously developing since 2014 as an integrated care model, with nurses as care coordinators. Methods: The study used a mixed methodology based on pragmatic research principles, including an analysis of strategic and policy documents and reports, and thematic analysis of focus group conducted with palliative care coordinators, following COREQ checklist. Results: Although a legal, professional and financial regulation of nurse coordinators has been achieved, a number of implementation challenges remain. These challenges arise as a result of long‐term fragmentation of the health and social care, and can be found in both horizontal and vertical integration of care, that is in the dimensions of functional, clinical, cultural and social integration. Conclusions: Nurses play a central role in care coordination. Coordination and integration promote professionalisation with clear roles and tasks. However, even with the legal, professional and financial implementation of the nurse coordinator model, it has to be further promoted as an equally important job in the healthcare system, with nurses as competent professionals in charge of care coordination. Relevance to clinical practice: Palliative care provides a range of individualised, coordinated services that meet the medical and non‐medical needs of seriously ill patients. Described model of palliative care in Croatia is particularly important because it was developed as an integrated part of health care (and partly social welfare) system, indicating with the nurse's role as palliative care coordinator that coordination is a continuous process that requires a dedicated professional role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Children as complex patients.

Author

Džakula, Aleksandar, Lovrenčić, Iva Lukačević, and Mujkić, Aida

Abstract

The article explores the complexities of caring for children with diverse medical, social, and developmental needs, emphasizing the challenges faced by families, healthcare systems, and society in providing comprehensive support. Topics include the multifaceted role of families, the shortcomings of existing healthcare systems, and the need for greater societal and governmental efforts to address the needs of children with complex conditions.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. A new generation of health professionals – ethical dilemmas and challenges.

Author

Džakula, Aleksandar, Vočanec, Dorja, and Lončarek, Karmen

Subjects
*CAREER development, *MEDICAL personnel, *PHYSICIANS, *YOUNG adults, *MEDICAL care, *PUBLIC health education
Abstract

The article discusses the ethical dilemmas and challenges faced by a new generation of health professionals as they enter medical-oriented schools. Educators must navigate modern advancements in medicine while motivating students to pursue health professions with a focus on patient-centered care. The text emphasizes the importance of shaping future health care workers' values and principles through education, highlighting the impact educators have on guiding the course of their careers. Ultimately, the article underscores the responsibility of educators in shaping the ethical behavior of future health care professionals. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Process analysis and mapping of stakeholders in care as a necessary step towards optimal care for children with complex needs

Author

Lukačević Lovrenčić, Iva, Musil, Vera, Mujkić, Aida, and Džakula, Aleksandar

Subjects
children with complex needs, integration, coordination, process analysis, mapping
Abstract

In children with complex needs, the primary circle of care includes parents/caregivers, health care, social care, and (pre)school system, local community, and non-governmental organizations. The necessity of integration and coordination of this wide range of stakeholders of different profiles was recognized not only by children, families, and stakeholders in care but also by the European Academy of Paediatrics. To achieve this, all elements, steps, and stakeholders in the care process must be clearly defined, and their relationship, temporal and spatial dynamics in the real context analysed. The methodology of analysis and mapping of care processes and stakeholders is very timely and based on Donabedian's model of quality, which defines inputs, processes, and outcomes of care. For example, under the guidance of the PUB HUB program of the School of Medicine in Zagreb, the methodology of mapping processes and needs was used throughout the European Commission's "Health infrastructure mapping - Slovenia, Croatia, Bulgaria" project, and served, per European request, as a guide for the new Croatian strategic framework for health. Care processes are shaped by the interrelationship, temporal, and spatial dynamics of inputs (people, equipment, space) in real, and - for each child and stakeholder - specific socioeconomic, infrastructural, and technicaladministrative contexts. Mapping analyses the process of care following the child’s needs and the care stakeholders’ availability, accessibility, and capacity to respond to the child's complex needs in a 24/7/365 timeframe. Thus, gaps in care which result in a child's unmet needs can be identified. This forms the basis for a deeper cause-and-effect analysis that enables the planning and implementation of quality and child- specific interventions, which are feasible for stakeholders. The stakeholders involved in care for a child with complex needs should cooperate in a timely, integrated and coordinated multidisciplinary manner, basing their decisions on the specific needs of the child. Achieving this goal must begin with creating a clear map of processes and interrelationships within the care system through the 24/7/365 timeframe.

Published
2022

27. From fragmented care back to social medicine: European policy responses to the needs of complex patients.

Author

Džakula, Aleksandar, Vočanec, Dorja, and Relić, Danko

Subjects
*SOCIAL medicine, *INTEGRATED health care delivery
Abstract

The article provides information on the European Union's approach to health and healthcare, focusing on the concept of complex patients. It discusses the fragmentation of care and the need for integrated and coordinated services, as well as the recognition of health as a universal human right. The article also highlights the importance of including patients' perspectives and voices in shaping healthcare policies and addressing the specific needs of vulnerable groups.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Back to people's health in Croatia – generating new forms of collective agency

Author

Ivčić, Snježana, Džakula, Aleksandar, Martinović, Damir, and Žapčić, Valerija

Subjects
Croatia, public health, comprehensive health care, collective agency, activism
Abstract

This paper concerns new forms of collective agency in the area of health care in Croatia from 2015 until 2018. These new forms developed in the midst of the growing privatization and commodification of health care and the simultaneous decrease in the accessibility to health care. Privatization has taken place slowly, but continuously over the last 29 years. The traditional civil society organizations in the field of health care used to be characterized by a narrow set of activities, with vertical structures, and were frequently focused on a single-disease approach and collaboration with the pharmaceutical industry. Such practices produced limited results, hence improved forms of activism emerged. In this research, we illustrate their development using the example of three case studies of collective agency. The first case study is looking at the policy analysis and the activist group started by the Organization for Workers' Initiative and Democratization (OWID) ; the second one focuses on the informal group of medical students called U3 formed at the Andrija Štampar School of Public Health with the aim of developing critical thinking ; and the third case study considers the Karika Association, started as an attempt to rethink health care in the community. The main research methods employed included process tracing analysis and research data comparison aimed at showing the differences between the traditional and the new forms of healthcare activism, in addition to the secondary sources of information such as scientific and professional literature. The results show that the new forms of collective agency in the healthcare area include various groups of citizens not necessarily connected with a specific disease, that they have a horizontal structure and are focused on the healthcare system in general. In conclusion, they represent the beginning of a paradigmatic shift in activism from a single- disease approach towards comprehensive health care that has the potential to deal with the growing issue of commercialization, commodification and inequalities in today's healthcare systems.

Published
2021

31. Fragmentation, dehumanization, commodification: crisis of medicine.

Author

Džakula, Aleksandar, Vočanec, Dorja, and Lončarek, Karmen

Subjects
*DEHUMANIZATION, *INTEGRATED health care delivery, *COMMODIFICATION
Abstract

The article presents the discussion on development of expensive diagnostic devices or immunological drugs. Topics include emergence of the phrase "medical delivery systems drying up the non-therapeutic sources of health" can be attributed to the practical implication that investments in medical technologies; and provision of existential, technologically extremely simple minimums such as food, clothing, and housing.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

33. Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

Author

Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Escobedo-de la Peña, Jorge, Zhou, Bin, Bentham, James, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Taddei, Cristina, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Djalalinia, Shirin, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Lugero, Charles, Peykari, Niloofar, Zhang, Wan Zhu, Bennett, James, Bilano, Ver, Stevens, Gretchen A., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Chen, Zhengming, Hambleton, Ian R., Jackson, Rod T., Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Malekzadeh, Reza, Neuhauser, Hannelore K., Sorić, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Sundström, Johan, Woodward, Mark, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Akhtaeva, Nazgul, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Ängquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansong, Daniel, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araújo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assunção, Maria Cecília F., Avdicová, Mária, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V., Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, José R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barceló, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro V., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Romdhane, Habiba Ben, Benet, Mikhail, Benson, Lowell S., Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Yufang, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Björkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bongard, Vanina, Borchini, Rossana, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckman, Lutgart, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B(as), Bugge, Anna, Burns, Con, Bursztyn, Michael, de León, Antonio Cabrera, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cameron, Christine, Can, Günay, Cândido, Ana Paula C., Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Dekkaki, Imane Cherkaoui, Chetrit, Angela, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Chirlaque, María-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christofaro, Diego G., Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crujeiras, Ana B., Cruz, Juan J., D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Hélène, Deschamps, Valérie, Dhana, Klodian, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dickerson, Ty T., Do, Ha T. P., Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Döring, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Dulskiene, Virginija, Džakula, Aleksandar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, El Ati, Jalila, Elliott, Paul, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G., Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandes, Romulo A., Fernández-Bergés, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D., Fischer, Krista, Föger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., do Carmo Franco, Maria, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galvano, Fabio, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Ghimire, Anup, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K., Giovannelli, Jonathan, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Gonçalves, Helen, Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, González-Rivas, Juan P., Gorbea, Mariano Bonet, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dušan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grøntved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Grujic, Vera, Gu, Dongfeng, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Halkjær, Jytte, Hardy, Rebecca, Hari Kumar, Rachakulla, Hata, Jun, Hayes, Alison J., He, Jiang, He, Yuna, Elisabeth, Marleen, Henriques, Ana, Cadena, Leticia Hernandez, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Dinc, Gonul Horasan, Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Than Htike, Maung Maung, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, José María, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif S., Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M. Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E., Islam, Muhammad, al-Safi Ismail, Aziz, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jaddou, Hashem, Jafar, Tazeen, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelaković, Ana, Jelaković, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jeong, Seung-lyeal, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jokelainen, Jari J., Jonas, Jost B., Jørgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Jóźwiak, Jacek, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Jureša, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O., Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi, Karki, Khem B., Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han C. G., Kengne, Andre P., Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khateeb, Mohammad, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Kim, Yeon-Yong, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M., Kulaga, Zbigniew, Krishna Kumar, R., Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Laugsand, Lars E., Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh, Le, Tuyen D., Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimäki, Terho, León-Muñoz, Luz M., Levitt, Naomi S., Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, José Eugenio, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J., Magriplis, Emmanuella, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malhotra, Rahul, Mallikharjuna Rao, Kodavanti, Malyutina, Sofia, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I., Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martorell, Reynaldo, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E., Mbanya, Jean Claude N., Mc Donald Posso, Anselmo J., McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M., McLean, Scott B., McNulty, Breige A., Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Menon, Geetha R., Meshram, Indrapal I., Metspalu, Andres, Meyer, Haakon E., Mi, Jie, Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C., Minderico, Cláudia S., Francisco, Juan, Miranda, J. Jaime, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mišigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Modesti, Pietro A., Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli, Møllehave, Line T., Møller, Niels C., Molnár, Dénes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K., Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K., Moon, Jin Soo, Moreira, Leila B., Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Esmaeel Motlagh, Mohammad, Motta, Jorge, Msyamboza, Kelias P., Mu, Thet Thet, Muiesan, Maria L., Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Musil, Vera, Nabipour, Iraj, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M., Nakamura, Harunobu, Námešná, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K., Nangia, Vinay B., Narake, Sameer, Nauck, Matthias, Navarrete-Muñoz, Eva Maria, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Neal, William A., Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T., Nguyen, Nguyen D., Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nguyen, Quang V., Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E., Niiranen, Teemu J., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A., Noorbala, Ahmad Ali, Norat, Teresa, Noto, Davide, Al Nsour, Mohannad, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oda, Eiji, Oehlers, Glenn, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Olinto, Maria Teresa A., Oliveira, Isabel O., Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M., Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A., Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrios, Park, Soon-Woo, Parnell, Winsome R., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Nikhil D., Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S., Peer, Nasheeta, Peeters, Petra H., Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Pham, Son Thai, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Polašek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L. P., Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F., Puder, Jardena J., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Bao, Tran Quoc, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Ramachandra Rao, Sudha, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rangel Reina, Daniel A., Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, Rinke de Wit, Tobias F., Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Robinson, Sian M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel G. R., Rubinstein, Adolfo, Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A., Santos, Ina S., Nunes dos Santos, Renata, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Sarganas, Giselle, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schöttker, Ben, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E., Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjöström, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Margaret C., Snijder, Marieke B., So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugène, Söderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Soric, Maroje, Jérome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A., Stathopoulou, Maria G., Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D., Stergiou, George S., Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Doris, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, Chien-An, Sung, Yn-Tz, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G., Shyong Tai, E., Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B., Tautu, Oana-Florentina, Taylor, Anne, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H., Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K., Tolstrup, Janne S., Topbas, Murat, Topór-Madry, Roman, Tormo, María José, Torrent, Maties, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T. H., Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K., Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L., Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice E., Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M. T., Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Van Herck, Koen, Van Minh, Hoang, van Rossem, Lenie, Van Schoor, Natasja M., van Valkengoed, Irene G. M., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lars, Vega, Tomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Monique Verschuren, W. M., Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G., Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K., Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Wade, Alisha N., Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Wan Bebakar, Wan Mohamad, Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon, Wanderley, Rildo S., Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S., Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H., Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A., Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A., Wong, Justin Y. Y., Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Giwercman Wu, Aleksander, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad Ali, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhu, Dan, Zhussupov, Baurzhan, Zimmermann, Esther, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, Imperial Coll London, Univ Kent, Middlesex Univ, Harvard TH Chan, Cleveland Clin, Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Univ Tehran Med Sci, Minist Hlth & Med Educ, Brandeis Univ, Mulago Hosp, Uganda Heart Inst, World Hlth Org, Univ Oxford, Univ West Indies, Univ Auckland, South African Med Res Council, Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Inst Nutr, Capital Med Univ, Robert Koch Inst, German Ctr Cardiovasc Res, Univ Zagreb, Univ Ljubljana, Uppsala Univ, Univ New South Wales, Caja Costarricense Seguro Social, Al Quds Univ, Birzeit Univ, Inst Mexicano Seguro Social, Univ Adelaide, Mahidol Univ, BRAC, Inst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Univ Amsterdam, Minist Hlth Malaysia, Non Communicable Dis Res Ctr, BIPS, Natl Ctr Diabet & Endocrinol, Kazakh Natl Med Univ, King Abdulaziz Univ, Univ Malaysia Sabah, Luxembourg Inst Hlth, World Hlth Org Reg Off Eastern Mediterranean, Bombay Hosp & Med Res Ctr, Med Res Ctr, Lille Univ & Hosp, London Sch Hyg Trop Med, Western Norway Univ Appl Sci, Norwegian Sch Sport Sci, Bispebjerg Hosp, Frederiksberg Univ Hosp, Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hosp, Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Univ Porto, Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Strasbourg Univ & Hosp, Nepal Hlth Res Council, Univ Iceland, Univ Yaounde I, Univ Fed Pelotas, Reg Author Publ Hlth, Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci, Indian Council Med Res, Univ Sci & Technol, Univ Autonoma Madrid, Univ Palermo, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Univ Mohammed V Rabat, Univ Pernambuco, Dalhousie Univ, Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Univ Sydney, Univ Tunis El Manar, CAFAM Univ Fdn, Univ Utah, Lithuanian Univ Hlth Sci, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), BJ Med Coll, Chirayu Med Coll, SL Jain Hosp, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Ufa Eye Res Inst, Univ Southern, Univ Greenland, Univ Oslo, Univ Gothenburg, Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Univ Turin, UCL, German Inst Human Nutr, Univ Republica, CEMIC, Toulouse Univ, Univ Hosp Varese, Minist Hlth, Univ Lausanne, Univ Ghent, Univ Cent Venezuela, Bielefeld Univ, German Canc Res Ctr, Univ Southern Denmark, Cork Inst Technol, Hadassah Hebrew Univ, Univ La Laguna, Univ Malta, Vanderbilt Univ, Canadian Fitness & Lifestyle Res Inst, Istanbul Univ, Univ Fed Juiz De Fora, Cardiol Mercato S Severino, Karolinska Inst, Univ Santiago Compostela, Duke NUS Med Sch, Natl Inst Med Stat, Acad Sinica, Capital Inst Pediat, Duke Univ, Kailuan Gen Hosp, Gertner Inst Epidemiol & Hlth Policy Res, Univ Bern, Minist Hlth & Welf, Victor Babes Univ Med & Pharm Timisoara, Murcia Reg Hlth Council, Korea Centers Dis Control & Prevent, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Med Univ Silesia, Charles Univ Prague, Carol Davila Univ Med & Pharm, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Agcy Prevent & Social Med, Univ Southampton, IRCCS Ist Neurol Mediterraneo Neuromed, Inst Pasteur, CIBEROBN, Natl Council Res, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Eduardo Mondlane Univ, Bispebjerg & Frederiksberg Hosp, Erasmus MC, Univ Montreal, French Publ Hlth Agcy, Univ Do Vale Do Rio Dos Sinos, Natl Council Sci & Tech Res, Univ Queensland, Ist Super Sanita, Univ Cuenca, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Minist Sante & Lutte Contre Sida, Cardinal Wyszynski Inst Cardiol, Univ Latvia, Natl Inst Nutr & Food Technol, Inst Hosp Del Mar dInvest Med, Univ Stellenbosch, Karadeniz Tech Univ, Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Queens Univ Belfast, Univ Zurich, Centro Salud Villanueva Norte, Hosp Don Benito Villanueva Serena, Council Agr Res & Econ, Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Univ Manchester, Univ Tartu, Univ Sains Malaysia, Umea Univ, Dalarna Univ, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Hosp Univ Son Espases, Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Univ Fed Rio Grande, Kindai Univ, Kyoto Univ, Med Univ Warsaw, Univ Catania, CIBER Epidemiol & Salud Publ, Univ KwaZulu Natal, Geneva Univ Hosp, Australian Bur Stat, Wageningen Univ, B P Koirala Inst Hlth Sci, Univ Insubria, Univ Politecn Madrid, Andes Clin Cardio Metab Studies, Natl Inst Hyg Epidemiol & Microbiol, Univ Lille 2, Inst Clin & Expt Med, Childrens Mem Hlth Inst, Alexander Technol Educ Inst, Jagiellonian Univ, Azienda Ospedaliera Univ Policlinico Vittorio Ema, Univ Novi Sad, Natl Ctr Cardiovasc Dis, Singapore Eye Res Inst, Iceland Heart Assoc, Univ Icesi, Univ Estadual Montes Claros, Kings Coll London, Int Agcy Res Canc, Healis Sekhsaria Inst Publ Hlth, Eternal Heart Care Ctr & Res Inst, Univ Ibadan, Inst Clin Effectiveness & Hlth Policy, Danish Canc Soc Res Ctr, Kyushu Univ, Tulane Univ, Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Oulu Univ Hosp, Chron Dis Res Ctr, Univ Hong Kong, Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Univ Western Australia, Celal Bayar Univ, Fdn Oftalmol Santander, Univ Oran 1, Independent Publ Hlth Specialist, Peking Univ, Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amer Univ Beirut, Cairo Univ, Aga Khan Univ, UHC Zagreb, Niigata Univ, Hadassah Univ Med Ctr, Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Heart Fdn, Natl Hlth Insurance Serv, Guangzhou 12th Hosp, Simon Fraser Univ, Heidelberg Univ, Res Ctr Prevent & Hlth, World Hlth Org Country Off, Czestochowa Tech Univ, Univ Crete, Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Univ Eastern Finland, Natl Inst Epidemiol, Univ Munster, Israel Ctr Dis Control, Res Inst Primordial Prevent Non communicable Dis, Kyrgyz State Med Acad, Res Inst Child Nutr, Univ Cambridge, Med Univ Innsbruck, Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Natl Canc Ctr, Inst Trop Med, Tartu Univ Clin, Minist Hlth & Qual Life, Polish Acad Sci, Univ Groningen, North West Univ, Univ Jyvaskyla, Amrita Inst Med Sci, All India Inst Med Sci, African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, Minist Salud Publ, Sahlgrens Acad, Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Food & Agr Org United Nat, Natl Univ Singapore, Tampere Univ Hosp, Univ Cape Town, West Virginia Univ, Oswaldo Cruz Fdn Rene Rachou Res Inst, Natl Taiwan Univ, Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Univ Med Greifswald, Consejeria Sanidad Junta de Castilla & Leon, Univ Fed Ouro Preto, Jikei Univ, CNR, Baker Heart & Diabet Inst, Agr Univ Athens, Hosp Israelita Albert Einstein, Shiraz Univ Med Sci, Inst Internal & Prevent Med, Harokopio Univ, Univ Otago, Univ Padua, Lausanne Univ Hosp, CIBERCV, Emory Univ, UiT Arctic Univ Norway, Cape Peninsula Univ Technol, Gorgas Mem Inst Hlth Studies, Brown Univ, Univ Edinburgh, Stat Canada, Univ Coll Dublin, INSERM, Lusofona Univ, Univ Firenze, Ain Shams Univ, Hypertens Res Ctr, Univ Pecs, Univ Limpopo, Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Univ Med Sci, Univ Zaragoza, RCSI Dublin, La Trobe Univ, Int Inst Mol & Cell Biol, Ahvaz Jundishapur Univ Med Sci, Gorgas Mem Inst Publ Hlth, WHO, Dept Publ Hlth, Univ Brescia, Bushehr Univ Med Sci, Ulm Univ, Kobe Univ, Suraj Eye Inst, German Ctr Cardiovascular Res, Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Univ Pharm & Med Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi Med Univ, Natl Hosp Endocrinol, Miami Vet Affairs Healthcare Syst, Univ Turku Tyks, Heartfile, Eastern Mediterranean Publ Hlth Network, Tachikawa Gen Hosp, Acad Hosp Paramaribo, Korea Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Univ Vale Rio dos Sinos, Univ Madeira, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiol Unit, Aarhus Univ, Kwame Nkrumah Univ Sci & Technol, Nstitute Social & Prevent Med, Univ Coimbra, Canc Prevent & Res Inst, IRCCS Casa Sollievo Sofferenza, Zayed Univ, Catholic Univ Daegu, Jivandeep Hosp, Univ Hosp Ctr Zagreb, Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Vietnam Natl Heart Inst, Leibniz Inst Prevent Res & Epidemiol BIPS, Univ Sarajevo, Cardiovasc Prevent Ctr, Minist Hlth & Med Serv, Publ Hlth Agcy Catalonia, Univ Split, Inst Hosp Mar Invest Med, Digest Oncol Res Ctr, Digest Dis Res Inst, Alborz Univ Med Sci, Univ Turku, India Diabet Res Fdn, Univ Putra Malaysia, Univ Malaya, Univ Valencia, Univ Philippines, Minas Gerais State Secretariat Hlth, Hlth Ctr San Agustin, PharmAccess Fdn, Univ Nove de Julho, Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Canarian Hlth Serv, Univ Ind Santander, Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Med Univ Gdansk, Sitaram Bhartia Inst Sci & Res, Marmara Univ, Univ Helsinki, Natl Inst Hlth, Catalan Dept Hlth, Univ Lisbon, South Karelia Social & Hlth Care Dist, Isfahan Cardiovasc Res Ctr, Res & Educ Inst Child Hlth, Hosp Italiano Buenos Aires, Lagos State Univ, BP Koirala Inst Hlth Sci, Univ Tokyo, Samsung Med Ctr, St Vincents Hosp, Med Univ Lodz, London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Acad Med Ctr, Univ Bari, Lund Univ, Univ Copenhagen, Inst Reg Sante Publ, Univ Bordeaux, Univ Leuven, Univ Bonn, Sotiria Hosp, Hadassah Univ, Natl Inst Hyg, Fu Jen Catholic Univ, Hlth Serv Murcia, IB SALUT Area Salut Menorca, Inst Rech Dev, Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Hellen Hlth Fdn, Govt Med Coll, Sefako Makgatho Hlth Sci Univ, Addis Ababa Univ, Dasman Diabet Inst, Univ Centrooccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Univ Tampere, Univ Utrecht, Hanoi Univ Publ Hlth, Amsterdam Publ Hlth Res Inst, Consejeria Sanidad Junta Castilla & Leon, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Univ Miguel Hernandez, North Karelian Ctr Publ Hlth, Univ Witwatersrand, Univ Strasbourg, Inst Med Res, Xinjiang Med Univ, St Georges Univ London, Med Univ Vienna, Univ Indonesia, Minist Agr, Fudan Univ, Univ Cyprus, Univ Teknol MARA, Inner Mongolia Med Univ, Zhou, B., Bentham, J., Di Cesare, M., Bixby, H., Danaei, G., Hajifathalian, K., Taddei, C., Carrillo-Larco, R.M., Djalalinia, S., Khatibzadeh, S., Lugero, C., Peykari, N., Zhang, W.Z., Bennett, J., Bilano, V., Stevens, G.A., Cowan, M.J., Riley, L.M., Chen, Z., Hambleton, I.R., Jackson, R.T., Kengne, A.P., Khang, Y.H., Laxmaiah, A., Liu, J., Malekzadeh, R., Neuhauser, H.K., Sorić, M., Starc, G., Sundström, J., Woodward, M., Ezzati, M., Abarca-Gómez, L., Abdeen, Z.A., Abu-Rmeileh, N.M., Acosta-Cazares, B., Adams, R.J., Aekplakorn, W., Afsana, K., Aguilar-Salinas, C.A., Agyemang, C., Ahmad, N.A., Ahmadvand, A., Ahrens, W., Ajlouni, K., Akhtaeva, N., Al-Raddadi, R., Ali, M.M., Ali, O., Alkerwi, A., Aly, E., Amarapurkar, D.N., Amouyel, P., Amuzu, A., Andersen, L.B., Anderssen, S.A., Ängquist, L.H., Anjana, R.M., Ansong, D., Aounallah-Skhiri, H., Araújo, J., Ariansen, I., Aris, T., Arlappa, N., Arveiler, D., Aryal, K.K., Aspelund, T., Assah, F.K., Assunção, MCF, Avdicová, M., Azevedo, A., Azizi, F., Babu, B.V., Bahijri, S., Balakrishna, N., Bamoshmoosh, M., Banach, M., Bandosz, P., Banegas, J.R., Barbagallo, C.M., Barceló, A., Barkat, A., Barros, AJD, Barros, M.V., Bata, I., Batieha, A.M., Batyrbek, A., Baur, L.A., Beaglehole, R., Romdhane, H.B., Benet, M., Benson, L.S., Bernabe-Ortiz, A., Bernotiene, G., Bettiol, H., Bhagyalaxmi, A., Bharadwaj, S., Bhargava, S.K., Bi, Y., Bikbov, M., Bista, B., Bjerregaard, P., Bjertness, E., Bjertness, M.B., Björkelund, C., Blokstra, A., Bo, S., Bobak, M., Boeing, H., Boggia, J.G., Boissonnet, C.P., Bongard, V., Borchini, R., Bovet, P., Braeckman, L., Brajkovich, I., Branca, F., Breckenkamp, J., Brenner, H., Brewster, L.M., Bruno, G., Bueno-de-Mesquita, HBA, Bugge, A., Burns, C., Bursztyn, M., de León, A.C., Cacciottolo, J., Cai, H., Cameron, C., Can, G., Cândido, APC, Capuano, V., Cardoso, V.C., Carlsson, A.C., Carvalho, M.J., Casanueva, F.F., Casas, J.P., Caserta, C.A., Chamukuttan, S., Chan, A.W., Chan, Q., Chaturvedi, H.K., Chaturvedi, N., Chen, C.J., Chen, F., Chen, H., Chen, S., Cheng, C.Y., Dekkaki, I.C., Chetrit, A., Chiolero, A., Chiou, S.T., Chirita-Emandi, A., Chirlaque, M.D., Cho, B., Cho, Y., Christofaro, D.G., Chudek, J., Cifkova, R., Cinteza, E., Claessens, F., Clays, E., Concin, H., Cooper, C., Cooper, R., Coppinger, T.C., Costanzo, S., Cottel, D., Cowell, C., Craig, C.L., Crujeiras, A.B., Cruz, J.J., D'Arrigo, G., d'Orsi, E., Dallongeville, J., Damasceno, A., Dankner, R., Dantoft, T.M., Dauchet, L., Davletov, K., De Backer, G., De Bacquer, D., de Gaetano, G., De Henauw, S., de Oliveira, P.D., De Smedt, D., Deepa, M., Dehghan, A., Delisle, H., Deschamps, V., Dhana, K., Di Castelnuovo, A.F., Dias-da-Costa, J.S., Diaz, A., Dickerson, T.T., Do, HTP, Donfrancesco, C., Donoso, S.P., Döring, A., Dorobantu, M., Doua, K., Drygas, W., Dulskiene, V., Džakula, A., Dzerve, V., Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E., Eggertsen, R., Ekelund, U., El Ati, J., Elliott, P., Elosua, R., Erasmus, R.T., Erem, C., Eriksen, L., Eriksson, J.G., Escobedo-de la Peña, J., Evans, A., Faeh, D., Fall, C.H., Farzadfar, F., Felix-Redondo, F.J., Ferguson, T.S., Fernandes, R.A., Fernández-Bergés, D., Ferrante, D., Ferrari, M., Ferreccio, C., Ferrieres, J., Finn, J.D., Fischer, K., Föger, B., Foo, L.H., Forslund, A.S., Forsner, M., Fouad, H.M., Francis, D.K., do Carmo Franco, M., Franco, O.H., Frontera, G., Fuchs, F.D., Fuchs, S.C., Fujita, Y., Furusawa, T., Gaciong, Z., Galvano, F., Garcia-de-la-Hera, M., Gareta, D., Garnett, S.P., Gaspoz, J.M., Gasull, M., Gates, L., Geleijnse, J.M., Ghasemian, A., Ghimire, A., Giampaoli, S., Gianfagna, F., Gill, T.K., Giovannelli, J., Goldsmith, R.A., Gonçalves, H., Gonzalez-Gross, M., González-Rivas, J.P., Gorbea, M.B., Gottrand, F., Graff-Iversen, S., Grafnetter, D., Grajda, A., Grammatikopoulou, M.G., Gregor, R.D., Grodzicki, T., Grøntved, A., Grosso, G., Gruden, G., Grujic, V., Gu, D., Guan, O.P., Gudmundsson, E.F., Gudnason, V., Guerrero, R., Guessous, I., Guimaraes, A.L., Gulliford, M.C., Gunnlaugsdottir, J., Gunter, M., Gupta, P.C., Gupta, R., Gureje, O., Gurzkowska, B., Gutierrez, L., Gutzwiller, F., Hadaegh, F., Halkjær, J., Hardy, R., Hari Kumar, R., Hata, J., Hayes, A.J., He, J., He, Y., Elisabeth, M., Henriques, A., Cadena, L.H., Herrala, S., Heshmat, R., Hihtaniemi, I.T., Ho, S.Y., Ho, S.C., Hobbs, M., Hofman, A., Dinc, G.H., Horimoto, ARVR, Hormiga, C.M., Horta, B.L., Houti, L., Howitt, C., Htay, T.T., Htet, A.S., Than Htike, M.M., Hu, Y., Huerta, J.M., Huisman, M., Husseini, A.S., Huybrechts, I., Hwalla, N., Iacoviello, L., Iannone, A.G., Ibrahim, M.M., Wong, N.I., Ikeda, N., Ikram, M.A., Irazola, V.E., Islam, M., Al-Safi Ismail, A., Ivkovic, V., Iwasaki, M., Jacobs, J.M., Jaddou, H., Jafar, T., Jamrozik, K., Janszky, I., Jasienska, G., Jelaković, A., Jelaković, B., Jennings, G., Jeong, S.L., Jiang, C.Q., Joffres, M., Johansson, M., Jokelainen, J.J., Jonas, J.B., Jørgensen, T., Joshi, P., Jóźwiak, J., Juolevi, A., Jurak, G., Jureša, V., Kaaks, R., Kafatos, A., Kajantie, E.O., Kalter-Leibovici, O., Kamaruddin, N.A., Karki, K.B., Kasaeian, A., Katz, J., Kauhanen, J., Kaur, P., Kavousi, M., Kazakbaeva, G., Keil, U., Boker, L.K., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Kelishadi, R., Kemper, HCG, Kerimkulova, A., Kersting, M., Key, T., Khader, Y.S., Khalili, D., Khateeb, M., Khaw, K.T., Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U., Kiechl, S., Killewo, J., Kim, J., Kim, Y.Y., Klumbiene, J., Knoflach, M., Kolle, E., Kolsteren, P., Korrovits, P., Koskinen, S., Kouda, K., Kowlessur, S., Koziel, S., Kriemler, S., Kristensen, P.L., Krokstad, S., Kromhout, D., Kruger, H.S., Kubinova, R., Kuciene, R., Kuh, D., Kujala, U.M., Kulaga, Z., Krishna Kumar, R., Kurjata, P., Kusuma, Y.S., Kuulasmaa, K., Kyobutungi, C., Laatikainen, T., Lachat, C., Lam, T.H., Landrove, O., Lanska, V., Lappas, G., Larijani, B., Laugsand, L.E., Le Nguyen Bao, K., Le, T.D., Leclercq, C., Lee, J., Lehtimäki, T., León-Muñoz, L.M., Levitt, N.S., Li, Y., Lilly, C.L., Lim, W.Y., Lima-Costa, M.F., Lin, H.H., Lin, X., Lind, L., Linneberg, A., Lissner, L., Litwin, M., Lorbeer, R., Lotufo, P.A., Lozano, J.E., Luksiene, D., Lundqvist, A., Lunet, N., Lytsy, P., Ma, G., Ma, J., Machado-Coelho, GLL, Machi, S., Maggi, S., Magliano, D.J., Magriplis, E., Majer, M., Makdisse, M., Malhotra, R., Mallikharjuna Rao, K., Malyutina, S., Manios, Y., Mann, J.I., Manzato, E., Margozzini, P., Marques-Vidal, P., Marques, L.P., Marrugat, J., Martorell, R., Mathiesen, E.B., Matijasevich, A., Matsha, T.E., Mbanya, JCN, Mc Donald Posso, A.J., McFarlane, S.R., McGarvey, S.T., McLachlan, S., McLean, R.M., McLean, S.B., McNulty, B.A., Mediene-Benchekor, S., Medzioniene, J., Meirhaeghe, A., Meisinger, C., Menezes, AMB, Menon, G.R., Meshram, I.I., Metspalu, A., Meyer, H.E., Mi, J., Mikkel, K., Miller, J.C., Minderico, C.S., Francisco, J., Miranda, J.J., Mirrakhimov, E., Mišigoj-Durakovic, M., Modesti, P.A., Mohamed, M.K., Mohammad, K., Mohammadifard, N., Mohan, V., Mohanna, S., Mohd Yusoff, M.F., Møllehave, L.T., Møller, N.C., Molnár, D., Momenan, A., Mondo, C.K., Monyeki, KDK, Moon, J.S., Moreira, L.B., Morejon, A., Moreno, L.A., Morgan, K., Moschonis, G., Mossakowska, M., Mostafa, A., Mota, J., Esmaeel Motlagh, M., Motta, J., Msyamboza, K.P., Mu, T.T., Muiesan, M.L., Müller-Nurasyid, M., Murphy, N., Mursu, J., Musil, V., Nabipour, I., Nagel, G., Naidu, B.M., Nakamura, H., Námešná, J., Nang, EEK, Nangia, V.B., Narake, S., Nauck, M., Navarrete-Muñoz, E.M., Ndiaye, N.C., Neal, W.A., Nenko, I., Neovius, M., Nervi, F., Nguyen, C.T., Nguyen, N.D., Nguyen, Q.N., Nguyen, Q.V., Nieto-Martínez, R.E., Niiranen, T.J., Ning, G., Ninomiya, T., Nishtar, S., Noale, M., Noboa, O.A., Noorbala, A.A., Norat, T., Noto, D., Al Nsour, M., O'Reilly, D., Oda, E., Oehlers, G., Oh, K., Ohara, K., Olinto, MTA, Oliveira, I.O., Omar, M.A., Onat, A., Ong, S.K., Ono, L.M., Ordunez, P., Ornelas, R., Osmond, C., Ostojic, S.M., Ostovar, A., Otero, J.A., Overvad, K., Owusu-Dabo, E., Paccaud, F.M., Padez, C., Pahomova, E., Pajak, A., Palli, D., Palmieri, L., Pan, W.H., Panda-Jonas, S., Panza, F., Papandreou, D., Park, S.W., Parnell, W.R., Parsaeian, M., Patel, N.D., Pecin, I., Pednekar, M.S., Peer, N., Peeters, P.H., Peixoto, S.V., Peltonen, M., Pereira, A.C., Peters, A., Petersmann, A., Petkeviciene, J., Pham, S.T., Pigeot, I., Pikhart, H., Pilav, A., Pilotto, L., Pitakaka, F., Piwonska, A., Plans-Rubió, P., Polašek, O., Porta, M., Portegies, MLP, Pourshams, A., Poustchi, H., Pradeepa, R., Prashant, M., Price, J.F., Puder, J.J., Puiu, M., Punab, M., Qasrawi, R.F., Qorbani, M., Bao, T.Q., Radic, I., Radisauskas, R., Rahman, M., Raitakari, O., Raj, M., Ramachandra Rao, S., Ramachandran, A., Ramos, E., Rampal, L., Rampal, S., Rangel Reina, D.A., Redon, J., Reganit, PFM, Ribeiro, R., Riboli, E., Rigo, F., Rinke de Wit, T.F., Ritti-Dias, R.M., Robinson, S.M., Robitaille, C., Rodríguez-Artalejo, F., Del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, M., Rodríguez-Villamizar, L.A., Rojas-Martinez, R., Romaguera, D., Ronkainen, K., Rosengren, A., Roy, JGR, Rubinstein, A., Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, B., Rutkowski, M., Sabanayagam, C., Sachdev, H.S., Saidi, O., Sakarya, S., Salanave, B., Salazar Martinez, E., Salmerón, D., Salomaa, V., Salonen, J.T., Salvetti, M., Sánchez-Abanto, J., Sans, S., Santos, D.A., Santos, I.S., Nunes Dos Santos, R., Santos, R., Saramies, J.L., Sardinha, L.B., Sarganas, G., Sarrafzadegan, N., Saum, K.U., Savva, S., Scazufca, M., Schargrodsky, H., Schipf, S., Schmidt, C.O., Schöttker, B., Schultsz, C., Schutte, A.E., Sein, A.A., Sen, A., Senbanjo, I.O., Sepanlou, S.G., Sharma, S.K., Shaw, J.E., Shibuya, K., Shin, D.W., Shin, Y., Si-Ramlee, K., Siantar, R., Sibai, A.M., Santos Silva, D.A., Simon, M., Simons, J., Simons, L.A., Sjöström, M., Skovbjerg, S., Slowikowska-Hilczer, J., Slusarczyk, P., Smeeth, L., Smith, M.C., Snijder, M.B., So, H.K., Sobngwi, E., Söderberg, S., Solfrizzi, V., Sonestedt, E., Song, Y., Sørensen, TIA, Soric, M., Jérome, C.S., Soumare, A., Staessen, J.A., Stathopoulou, M.G., Stavreski, B., Steene-Johannessen, J., Stehle, P., Stein, A.D., Stergiou, G.S., Stessman, J., Stieber, J., Stöckl, D., Stocks, T., Stokwiszewski, J., Stronks, K., Strufaldi, M.W., Sun, C.A., Sung, Y.T., Suriyawongpaisal, P., Sy, R.G., Shyong Tai, E., Tammesoo, M.L., Tamosiunas, A., Tan, E.J., Tang, X., Tanser, F., Tao, Y., Tarawneh, M.R., Tarqui-Mamani, C.B., Tautu, O.F., Taylor, A., Theobald, H., Theodoridis, X., Thijs, L., Thuesen, B.H., Tjonneland, A., Tolonen, H.K., Tolstrup, J.S., Topbas, M., Topór-Madry, R., Tormo, M.J., Torrent, M., Traissac, P., Trichopoulos, D., Trichopoulou, A., Trinh, OTH, Trivedi, A., Tshepo, L., Tulloch-Reid, M.K., Tullu, F., Tuomainen, T.P., Tuomilehto, J., Turley, M.L., Tynelius, P., Tzourio, C., Ueda, P., Ugel, E.E., Ulmer, H., Uusitalo, HMT, Valdivia, G., Valvi, D., van der Schouw, Y.T., Van Herck, K., Van Minh, H., van Rossem, L., Van Schoor, N.M., van Valkengoed, IGM, Vanderschueren, D., Vanuzzo, D., Vatten, L., Vega, T., Velasquez-Melendez, G., Veronesi, G., Monique Verschuren, W.M., Verstraeten, R., Victora, C.G., Viet, L., Viikari-Juntura, E., Vineis, P., Vioque, J., Virtanen, J.K., Visvikis-Siest, S., Viswanathan, B., Vlasoff, T., Vollenweider, P., Voutilainen, S., Wade, A.N., Wagner, A., Walton, J., Wan Bebakar, W.M., Wan Mohamud, W.N., Wanderley, R.S., Wang, M.D., Wang, Q., Wang, Y.X., Wang, Y.W., Wannamethee, S.G., Wareham, N., Wedderkopp, N., Weerasekera, D., Whincup, P.H., Widhalm, K., Widyahening, I.S., Wiecek, A., Wijga, A.H., Wilks, R.J., Willeit, J., Willeit, P., Williams, E.A., Wilsgaard, T., Wojtyniak, B., Wong-McClure, R.A., Wong, JYY, Wong, T.Y., Woo, J., Giwercman Wu, A., Wu, F.C., Wu, S., Xu, H., Yan, W., Yang, X., Ye, X., Yiallouros, P.K., Yoshihara, A., Younger-Coleman, N.O., Yusoff, A.F., Zainuddin, A.A., Zambon, S., Zampelas, A., Zdrojewski, T., Zeng, Y., Zhao, D., Zhao, W., Zheng, W., Zheng, Y., Zhu, D., Zhussupov, B., Zimmermann, E., Cisneros, J.Z., Zhou, Bin, Bentham, Jame, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Taddei, Cristina, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Djalalinia, Shirin, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Lugero, Charle, Peykari, Niloofar, Zhang, Wan Zhu, Bennett, Jame, Bilano, Ver, Stevens, Gretchen A, Cowan, Melanie J, Riley, Leanne M, Chen, Zhengming, Hambleton, Ian R, Jackson, Rod T, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Malekzadeh, Reza, Neuhauser, Hannelore K, Sorić, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Sundström, Johan, Woodward, Mark, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gómez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Agyemang, Charle, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Akhtaeva, Nazgul, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Ali, Mohamed M, Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N, Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Ängquist, Lars H, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansong, Daniel, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araújo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Aryal, Krishna K, Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K, Assunção, Maria Cecília F, Avdicová, Mária, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V, Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, José R, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barceló, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J D, Barros, Mauro V, Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A, Beaglehole, Robert, Romdhane, Habiba Ben, Benet, Mikhail, Benson, Lowell S, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K, Bi, Yufang, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B, Björkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G, Boissonnet, Carlos P, Bongard, Vanina, Borchini, Rossana, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckman, Lutgart, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B(as), Bugge, Anna, Burns, Con, Bursztyn, Michael, de León, Antonio Cabrera, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cameron, Christine, Can, Günay, Cândido, Ana Paula C, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C, Carlsson, Axel C, Carvalho, Maria J, Casanueva, Felipe F, Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W, Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Dekkaki, Imane Cherkaoui, Chetrit, Angela, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Chirlaque, María-Dolore, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christofaro, Diego G, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clays, El, Concin, Han, Cooper, Cyru, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chri, Craig, Cora L, Crujeiras, Ana B, Cruz, Juan J, D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M, Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Dehghan, Abba, Delisle, Hélène, Deschamps, Valérie, Dhana, Klodian, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F, Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soare, Diaz, Alejandro, Dickerson, Ty T, Do, Ha T P, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P, Döring, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Dulskiene, Virginija, Džakula, Aleksandar, Dzerve, Vilni, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, El Ati, Jalila, Elliott, Paul, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T, Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G, Escobedo-de la Peña, Jorge, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H, Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J, Ferguson, Trevor S, Fernandes, Romulo A, Fernández-Bergés, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D, Fischer, Krista, Föger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M, Francis, Damian K, do Carmo Franco, Maria, Franco, Oscar H, Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D, Fuchs, Sandra C, Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galvano, Fabio, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P, Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Ghimire, Anup, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Goldsmith, Rebecca A, Gonçalves, Helen, Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, González-Rivas, Juan P, Gorbea, Mariano Bonet, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dušan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G, Gregor, Ronald D, Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grøntved, Ander, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Grujic, Vera, Gu, Dongfeng, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudmundsson, Elias F, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idri, Guimaraes, Andre L, Gulliford, Martin C, Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Halkjær, Jytte, Hardy, Rebecca, Hari Kumar, Rachakulla, Hata, Jun, Hayes, Alison J, He, Jiang, He, Yuna, Elisabeth, Marleen, Henriques, Ana, Cadena, Leticia Hernandez, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C, Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Dinc, Gonul Horasan, Horimoto, Andrea R V R, Hormiga, Claudia M, Horta, Bernardo L, Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Than Htike, Maung Maung, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, José María, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif S, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G, Ibrahim, Mohsen M, Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E, Islam, Muhammad, al-Safi Ismail, Aziz, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jacobs, Jeremy M, Jaddou, Hashem, Jafar, Tazeen, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelaković, Ana, Jelaković, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jeong, Seung-lyeal, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattia, Jokelainen, Jari J, Jonas, Jost B, Jørgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Jóźwiak, Jacek, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Jureša, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi, Karki, Khem B, Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han C G, Kengne, Andre P, Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khateeb, Mohammad, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Kim, Yeon-Yong, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S, Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Krishna Kumar, R, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Laugsand, Lars E, Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh, Le, Tuyen D, Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimäki, Terho, León-Muñoz, Luz M, Levitt, Naomi S, Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L, Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lar, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, José Eugenio, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L L, Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Magriplis, Emmanuella, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malhotra, Rahul, Mallikharjuna Rao, Kodavanti, Malyutina, Sofia, Manios, Yanni, Mann, Jim I, Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martorell, Reynaldo, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B, Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, Mc Donald Posso, Anselmo J, McFarlane, Shelly R, McGarvey, Stephen T, McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M, McLean, Scott B, McNulty, Breige A, Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B, Menon, Geetha R, Meshram, Indrapal I, Metspalu, Andre, Meyer, Haakon E, Mi, Jie, Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C, Minderico, Cláudia S, Francisco, Juan, Miranda, J Jaime, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mišigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Modesti, Pietro A, Mohamed, Mostafa K, Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli, Møllehave, Line T, Møller, Niels C, Molnár, Déne, Momenan, Amirabba, Mondo, Charles K, Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K, Moon, Jin Soo, Moreira, Leila B, Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A, Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Esmaeel Motlagh, Mohammad, Motta, Jorge, Msyamboza, Kelias P, Mu, Thet Thet, Muiesan, Maria L, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Musil, Vera, Nabipour, Iraj, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M, Nakamura, Harunobu, Námešná, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K, Nangia, Vinay B, Narake, Sameer, Nauck, Matthia, Navarrete-Muñoz, Eva Maria, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Neal, William A, Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T, Nguyen, Nguyen D, Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nguyen, Quang V, Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E, Niiranen, Teemu J, Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A, Noorbala, Ahmad Ali, Norat, Teresa, Noto, Davide, Al Nsour, Mohannad, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oda, Eiji, Oehlers, Glenn, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Olinto, Maria Teresa A, Oliveira, Isabel O, Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M, Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M, Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A, Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Elli, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrio, Park, Soon-Woo, Parnell, Winsome R, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Nikhil D, Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S, Peer, Nasheeta, Peeters, Petra H, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C, Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Pham, Son Thai, Pigeot, Iri, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Polašek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L P, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F, Puder, Jardena J, Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margu, Qasrawi, Radwan F, Qorbani, Mostafa, Bao, Tran Quoc, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricarda, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Ramachandra Rao, Sudha, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rangel Reina, Daniel A, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, Rinke de Wit, Tobias F, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M, Robinson, Sian M, Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel G R, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A, Santos, Ina S, Nunes dos Santos, Renata, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L, Sardinha, Luis B, Sarganas, Giselle, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savva, Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O, Schöttker, Ben, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E, Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sharma, Sanjib K, Shaw, Jonathan E, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M, Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöström, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Margaret C, Snijder, Marieke B, So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugène, Söderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild I A, Soric, Maroje, Jérome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A, Stathopoulou, Maria G, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Dori, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, Chien-An, Sung, Yn-Tz, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G, Shyong Tai, E, Tammesoo, Mari-Lii, Tamosiunas, Abdona, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B, Tautu, Oana-Florentina, Taylor, Anne, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H, Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K, Tolstrup, Janne S, Topbas, Murat, Topór-Madry, Roman, Tormo, María José, Torrent, Matie, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulos, Dimitrio, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T H, Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K, Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L, Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice E, Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M T, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Van Herck, Koen, Van Minh, Hoang, van Rossem, Lenie, Van Schoor, Natasja M, van Valkengoed, Irene G M, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lar, Vega, Toma, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Monique Verschuren, W M, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G, Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesu, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Wade, Alisha N, Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Wan Bebakar, Wan Mohamad, Wan Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon, Wanderley, Rildo S, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nichola, Wedderkopp, Niel, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Justin Y Y, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Giwercman Wu, Aleksander, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad Ali, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antoni, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhu, Dan, Zhussupov, Baurzhan, Zimmermann, Esther, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology [Shanghai, China] (CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science), Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology [Shanghai, China]-University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Shanghai, China], Imperial College London, University of Kentucky, Middlesex University, Cleveland Clinic, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Brandeis University, Mulago Hospital [Kampala, Ouganda], Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), World Health Organisation (WHO), Al-Quds University, Discipline of Medicine, University of South Australia [Adelaide], Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán - National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran [Mexico], Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Leibniz Association, Centre for Industrial Management, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Epidémiologie des maladies chroniques : impact des interactions gène environnement sur la santé des populations, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitals, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Dept. Atherosclerose, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Technical University of Lisbon, Medical University of Łódź (MUL), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Sunder Lal Jain Hospital, Ufa Eye Research Institute [Bashkortostan], National Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DifE), Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne university hospital, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Department of Medical Sciences [Turin, Italy] (DMS), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), ASU - School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, University of Oxford [Oxford], Cancer & Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red especializado en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Los Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-IRC KULAK, Department of Public Health, State University of Ghent, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit [Southampton, UK], University of Southampton, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institute of Epidemiology [Neuherberg] (EPI), German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Sahlgrenska University Hospital [Gothenburg], Institute of Metabolic Science, MRC, Institut National de Nutrition et de Technologie Alimentaire (INNTA), University of Huddersfield, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Medstar Research Institute, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Medical Research Council, Applied Sciences, National Research Institute on Food and Nutrition, Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Infectious diseases division, Department of internal medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Innsbruck Medical University [Austria] (IMU), Department of Epidemiology [Rotterdam], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Laboratoire d'Etude des Mammifères Marins (LEMM), Océanopolis [Brest], Faculté de Médecine Henri Warembourg - Université de Lille, Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Icelandic Heart Association, Heart Preventive Clinic and Research Institute, Centro Investig Quim Aplicada, Coahuila, Mexico, Centro Investigacion en Quimica Aplicada, Coahuila, Mexico, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Department of Civil Engineering [Hamirpur], National Institute of Technology [Hamirpur], Health Services Research Unit, Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University College of London [London] (UCL), The Georges Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, School of Information Technology, Deakin University Waurn Ponds, Faculté de Médecine, Université Djilali Liabès [Sidi-Bel-Abbès], Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Faculty of Agricultural and Food Science, American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), Åbo Akademi University [Turku], Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor [Ca], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Research Center for Prevention and Health, University of Ljubljana, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Crete School of medicine, School of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Oncology, University of Tampere Medical School, University of Tampere, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Centre for Environmental Health, National Institue of Public Health, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione (INRAN), INRAN, National University of Singapore (NUS), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences [Tampere], University of Tampere [Finland], Centre Européen de Réalité Virtuelle (CERV), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB), Uppsala Universitet [Uppsala], Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg (GU), Institute of Earthquake Science, CEA, Beijing, CEA, Beijing, University of Porto Medical School, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique D'Orsay (LCPO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aging Program, National research council, Padua, Italy, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Institute of Internal Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Départment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Oran Es-Senia [Oran] | Université d'Oran Es-Senia [Oran], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Tartu, Department of Community, Université Ain Shams-Faculty of Medicine-Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Pécsi Tudemányegyetem, Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Université Ain Shams, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry [Ulm, Allemagne], Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, MRc Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Cardiology and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute – ISPO, Social Robotics Laboratory, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Department of Cardiology, Eastbourne General Hospital, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), King‘s College London, Public Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Movement Disorders and Tourette Centre, Genetica medicala, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMFT), Andrology Unit, United Laboratories of Tartu University Clinics, Tampere University Hospital, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Dept of Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London-School of public health, The University of Hong Kong (HKU)-The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Department of Emergency and Cardiovascular Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain, parent, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], University of São Paulo (USP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institute for plasma research, Institute for Plasma Research, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC - Academic medical center, Central Hospital and Faculty of medicine and biomedical sciences university, University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University Diabetes Centre, School of Computing [Leeds], University of Leeds, Copenhagen University Hospital, Neuroépidémiologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Maastricht University [Maastricht], Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Applied Food Science, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, University of Amsterdam, Dept. of Social Medecine, Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University Hospital, Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN)-Medical Research Council of South Africa, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences [Leuven], Cancer Epidemiology Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion (MONICA Data Centre), National Public Health Institute, Nutrition et Alimentation des Populations aux Suds (NutriPass), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Havard School of Public Health, Dept of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School [Athens], University of Kuopio, Tampere University, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Department of Social Medicine, Amsterdam, Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Catholic University of Leuven, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Universidad Miguel Hernández [Elche] (UMH), Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition [Kuopio, Finland], Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Medical University of Silesia (SUM), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), University of Innsbruck, National Institute of Hygiene Warsaw, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Food Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (CAE-NUAA), NUAA, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, Siemens Corporate Research, Siemens AG [Munich], Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [101506/Z/13/Z]., NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). We thank WHO country and regional offices and the World Heart Federation for support in data identification and access., Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), University of Turin, Universidade do Porto, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Lille 2 - Faculté de Médecine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN)-Medical Research Council of South Africa, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lund University Diabetes Centre-Lund University [Lund], Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Kentucky (UK), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Lausanne University Hospital, University of Oxford, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Innsbruck Medical University = Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (IMU), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Deakin University [Waurn Ponds], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene [Poland], Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. [0000-0002-8339-9285], Giampaoli, Simona [0000-0002-6679-1488], Moschonis, George [0000-0003-3009-6675], Papandreou, Dimitrios [0000-0002-4923-484X], Stathopoulou, Maria G. [0000-0003-4376-2083], Stergiou, George S. [0000-0002-6132-0038], Trichopoulou, Antonia [0000-0002-7204-6396], Valvi, Damaskini [0000-0003-4633-229X], Chen, Z, Woodward, M, Key, T, and Smith, M

Subjects
systolic blood pressure, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, blood pressure measurement, HEALTH EXAMINATION SURVEYS, Blood Pressure, Hypertension, Population Health, Global Health, Non-communicable Disease, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], global health, South Asia, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.09 [https], kohonnut verenpaine, Medicine and Health Sciences, middle income country, measurement method, skin and connective tissue diseases, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750::Kardiologi: 771, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, adult, Population health, public health, blood pressure regulation, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Non-communicable disease, kansainvälinen vertailu, health survey, aged, female, priority journal, Blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, GLOBAL TRENDS, SODIUM-INTAKE, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, survey design, hypertension, prevalence, Global health, UNITED-STATES, URBAN COMMUNITIES, Article, SECULAR TRENDS, Middle East, Central Asia, male, disease prevalence, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, kansanterveys, blood, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, human, verenpainetauti, non-communicable disease, Science & Technology, Pacific Ocean, high income country, diastolic blood pressure, Pacific Rim, Blood Pressure - Epidemiology - Population, North Africa, major clinical study, HYPERTENSION PREVALENCE, verenpaine, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, ARTERIAL-HYPERTENSION, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, POTASSIUM INTAKE, sense organs, trend analysis, trend study, population research, population health, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, low income country
Abstract

Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probit-transformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group-and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the high-income Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups., This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust [101506/Z/13/Z].

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. EU financial period 2021-2027 is approaching – Is Croatia ready for the negotiations and projects?

Author

Vočanec, Dorja, Lukačević Lovrenčić, Iva, Banadinović, Maja, Marelić, Marko, Džakula, Aleksandar, Kujundžić Tiljak, Mirjana, Reiner, Željko, Klarica, Marijan, Anić, Branimir, and Borovečki, Ana

Subjects
health policy, long-term care, strategic planning, desk research
Abstract

The beginning of Croatian negotiations for the EU financial period 2021-2027 is approaching. The new Cohesive policy puts emphasis on five policy objectives set as investment priorities. Forhealth care, the most important is “a more social Europe“, founded on the European Pillar of Social Rights. Due to the population ageing , increasing life expectancy and burden of non- communicable diseases, the enabling condition pertaining to health care priorities is a defined strategic policy framework for health and LTC. The fulfillment criteria include mapping of health and LTC needs, ensuring efficiency, sustainability, accessibility to services and measures to promote home and community based services. The aim of this research was to analyse capacities of the Croatian health care sector for LTC needs mapping and priority setting for the new EU financial supports. Desk research, as a suitable first tool in policy analysis, was conducted for assessing Croatia’s readiness for the upcoming negotiations concerning EU fulfillment criteria for the enabling condition for health. Three topics were in focus of the research: consistency of the terminology within the existing national strategic documents ; availability of population needs assessment data and appropriateness of the information about health system performance. Results. Current national strategic policy framework for health includes National Health Care Strategy 2012-2020, Strategic Plan for Human Resource Development in Health Care 2015-2020 and Strategic plan of Ministry of Health 2020-2022. Terminologically, LTC was not recognized as a distinct entity but some of the existing services suit LTC definition. For reporting state and trends of health and health care routinely collected dana were used. Structure and output indicators, referring to system performance and health outcomes were set. Process indicators were not set. Population needs, including LTC, were not shown. The connection between needs analysis and selected priorities was mostly unclear. Current national strategic framework for health is not in line with the new EU fulfillment criteria for health. Since the time frame of national strategic policy framework for health is near its end, there is an opportunity to make needed adjustments, namely mapping of health and LTC needs. Routine collection of population and health data which can serve as a basis for required health and LTC mapping is in place. Croatia being one of the countries taking part in the development of the methodology for the mapping as a part of EC Health Infrastructure Mapping project should be considered as an advantage.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. How to optimize the salt reduction interventions targeting elderly population?

Author

Marjanović, Matea, Kalajžić, Lea, Precali, Antonia, Kuhar, Ema, Brađašević , Emanuel, Lukačević Lovrenčić, Iva, Džakula, Aleksandar, Kujundžić Tiljak, Mirjana, Reiner, Željko, Klarica, Marijan, Anić, Branimir, and Borovečki, Ana

Subjects
public health, intervention, elderly, salt intake, policy analysis
Abstract

Increased dietary sodium intake is a growing public health problem in developed countries and a risk factor contributing to a wide variety of non- communicable chronic diseases (NCD). Preventable NCDs contribute to higher morbidity, mortality, reduced quality of life of the elderly population and increased healthcare expenditure. Average daily salt intake in Croatia amounts to 11.6 g/day (World Health Organization recommendation is less than 5 g/day), and 19, 41% of population is over the age of 65. The specific aim is to detect key valid sources of information, possible opportunities and risks, define main criteria and framework necessary to optimize future interventions and develop large-scale national programs. Methods. We used PUB HUB policy coil as a tool which encompasses all necessary steps for policy analysis and covers all policy development steps necessary for comprehensive policy overview. As a starting position for this policy analysis we used World Health Organization recommendations, and international studies focused on the salt intake in the elderly population. Information for mapping of the needs and setting assessment were: national strategic documents, existing interventions, available project evaluations and published papers. Results. National Strategic plan for salt intake reduction after 2020 is not yet developed. A specific national program for salt intake reduction in elderly population does not exist. Few interventions for the general population have been developed, but still without noted relevant progress. Interventions in other countries exist, mostly small-scale interventions or randomized controlled trials targeting communities of elderly, e.g. in nursing homes. Some US states legally require inclusion of salt restriction in nutrition programs for the elderly in institutional settings. Conclusion. Preserving or improving health in countries with rapidly aging population poses a significant public health challenge and requires long-term planning. Elderly population is comprised of several subgroups, each of them requiring separate interventions – salt reduction is not an “one size fits all” solution. More studies are needed to properly assess the optimal approach, but this policy analysis provides recommendations on how to perform specific mapping of stakeholders, setting assessment and vulnerable groups which may be useful in future planning of large-scale interventions.

Published
2020

36. Palliative care - too complex to make it simple.

Author

Džakula, Aleksandar, Lončarek, Karmen, and Vočanec, Dorja

Subjects
*PALLIATIVE treatment, *PATIENTS' families, *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
Abstract

The article explores the complexities of palliative care, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach to end-of-life care and addressing the challenges posed by advancing medical technologies. Topics discussed include the historical significance of the hospice movement, the ethical and legal implications of new medical technologies in palliative care, and the importance of community support for patients facing terminal illness.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. Cjeloživotno cijepljenje za zdraviju populaciju i zdravije zdravstvo

Author

Pavlović, Dubravka, Majer, Marjeta, Džakula, Aleksandar, and Jašić, Midhat

Subjects
cijepljenje, odrasli, zdravstveni sustav
Abstract

Cjeloživotno cijepljenje predstavlja cijepljenje u različitim uzrastima tijekom života i uključuje cijepljenje i docjepljivanje protiv bolesti kojima možemo biti izloženi u okruženju u kojem živimo i radimo ili kojima možemo biti izloženi na putovanjima u strane zemlje. Cilj rada bio je prikazati dodanu vrijednost cjeloživotnog cijepljenja u obliku smanjenja troškova u zdravstvu uslijed liječenja i boravka u bolnici i smanjenja propisivanja antibiotika.Pregled literature učinjen je prema ključnim riječima „vaccination“ i „costs“, a u analizu su uključeni radovi na engleskom jeziku publicirani u periodu od 2010. do 2019. godine. Za potrebe ovog rada analizirano je ukupno 10 publikacija.Cijepljenje predškolske i školske djece pov-ezuje se najčešće s cijepljenjima u sklopu nacionalnih programa cijepljenja i postojećim preporukama. U Hrvatskoj se cijepljenjem predškolske i školske djece postižu zadovoljavajući cjepni obuhvati za obavezna cijepljenja. Kada se radi o cijepljenju odraslih osoba, osobito kroničnih bolesnika, dostupni su samo podatci o cjepnim obuhvatima protiv gripe i tetanusa. Cijepljenje protiv tetanusa se provodi u sklopu programa obaveznog cijepljenja i izvješće o cijepljenju za 2017. godini pokazuje cjepni obuhvat manji od 50%. Protiv gripe se prošle sezone u Hrvatskoj cijepilo manje od 10% populacije, među kojim je oko 30% starijih osoba što je značajno manje od preporuka Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije.Unatoč postojećim dokazima o dobrobiti cijepljenja tijekom cijelog života i preporukama za cijepljenje odraslih i starijih osoba protiv gripe i pneumokoka, praksa cjeloživotnog cijepljenja u Hrvat-skoj još uvijek ne pokazuje rezultate vidljive na populacijskoj razini, a koji bi mogli ostvariti mjerljiv učinak na uštede u zdravstvenom sustavu.

Published
2019

38. Interregnum u zdravstvu

Author

Džakula, Aleksandar, Lončarek, Karmen, and Radin, Dagmar

Subjects
zdravstvena politika, kreiranje politike, zdravstveni sustav, reforma zdravstvenog sustava, interregnum
Abstract

Temeljni cilj ove knjige jest odgovoriti na pitanje zašto se potrebne promjene u zdravstvu Republike Hrvatske ne provode, ili se odvijaju presporo. Pronalaženje odgovora zamišljeno je kao sinteza znanstvenih i stručnih spoznaja s analizama stanja i trendova u zdravstvu RH. Knjiga je nastala kao rezultat višegodišnjeg rada troje autora koji su, samostalno ili u timovima, ne samo pratili i analizirali zdravstveni sustav, već su često i sudjelovali u procesima uvođenja promjena. Većina tema obrađenih u ovoj knjizi proizašla je iz rezultata znanstvenih istraživanja, javnih rasprava, te zaključaka stručnih skupova. Knjiga obuhvaća različite tekstove: narative, prikaze slučajeva, analize, osvrte, zapažanja, te praktične alate i preporuke. Prikazi slučajeva iz realiteta zdravstvenog sustava u Hrvatskoj izabrani su da doprinesu razumijevanju problema interregnuma. Slijedi blok propitivanja iz perspektive stewardshipa, a ključno mu je pitanje kako i zašto sustav opstaje usprkos interregnumu. Na njega se nastavlja serija priloga koji odgovaraju na pitanje zašto Hrvatska ne može izaći iz interregnuma. U posljednjem dijelu su sadržaji namijenjeni kao pomoć za gradnju strategije izlaska iz interregnuma.

Published
2018

39. Analiza trenutnog stanja poljoprivrede na istraživanom prostoru općine Dvor kao podloge za izradu agroekološke studije

Author

Bilandžija, Darija, Bogunović, Igor, Bubalo, Dragan, Džakula, Aleksandar, Grgić, Zoran, Husnjak, Stjepan, Jelavić, Vladimir, Kisić, Ivica, Kostelić, Antun, Leto, Josip, Masnjak, Brigita, Salajpal, Krešimir, Šakić Bobić, Branka, Širić, Ivan, and Šprem, Nikica

Subjects
Poljoprivreda, općina Dvor
Abstract

Temeljem prirodnih resursa i njihovih značajki, prikazanih u ovoj analizi stanja poljoprivrede na prostoru općine Dvor nameće se zaključak da je istraživani prostor izrazito povoljan za razvitak poljoprivrede i prehrambene industrije. Ova analiza stanja se temelji na optimalnom korištenju prirodnih resursa u obiteljskom poljoprivrednom gospodarstvu, kao temeljnoj gospodarsko-socijalnoj jedinici u razvitku poljoprivrede ovog kraja. Zaključci izneseni na kraju svakoga poglavlja u ovoj analizi u suglasju su s modernim zahtjevima ekološki održivog gospodarenja prirodnim resursima u poljoprivredi. Uzgoj poljoprivrednih kultura i držanje stoke prema ekološkim principima na ovim prostorima ima značajnu perspektivu uslijed dugogodišnje neobrađenosti površina a i vrlo male količine primjenjivanih mineralnih gnojiva te ostalih agrokemikalija. Navedeni oblik poljoprivrede, kao i agrošumarstvo mogli bi biti jedan od pokretača razvoja cijeloga prostora općine Dvor. Da bi se navedeno u budućnosti provelo smatramo da bi u narednim koracima trebalo provesti slijedeće: • Provoditi stalnu godišnju kontinuiranu edukaciju zainteresiranih poljoprivrednika u cilju ulaganja u ljudski kapital koji će dovesti do razvoja obiteljskih poljoprivrednih gospodarstava koja svoju budućnost i razvoj vide utemeljenu na znanju i primjeni najsuvremenijih agrotehničkih mjera, • Izraditi detaljniju pedološku kartu (cca M 1 : 50 000). Na osnovu utvrđenih osnovnih fizikalnih i kemijskih pokazatelja preporučiti će se agrotehničke mjere uređenja tala u cilju povećanja njihove plodnosti. Također ova karta bi trebala sadržavati i stanje kvalitete tla, tj. potencijalnu onečišćenost organskim i anorganskim polutantima, • Provesti istraživanje o kvaliteti poljoprivrednih proizvoda i šumskih plodova sa ovoga prostora, • Agrotehničke i ekonomske mjere za privođenje u korištenje trenutno nekorištenih poljoprivrednih površina, • Na osnovu ekonomskih pokazatelja kontinuirano ukazivati na prednosti okrupnjavanja poljoprivrednih površina, • Izraditi mjere za povećanje konkurentnosti poljoprivrednih proizvoda kroz poticanje tehničkoj opremljenosti poljoprivrednih gospodarstava, • Izraditi mjere u cilju povećanja stočnog fonda i uzgoj autohtonih pasmina kao i tradicionalnog načina uzgoja i držanja stoke, • Poticati proizvodnju autohtonih i tradicijskih poljoprivrednih proizvoda od lokalnih sirovina • Ukazati na mogućnosti razvoja djelatnosti komplementarnih poljoprivredi u okviru ruralnoga prostora, • Poraditi na povećanju informatičke pismenosti svih članova poljoprivrednoga gospodarstva, • Utvrditi stanje šumske vegetacije definirajući ekološke, socijalne i proizvodne uloge šume, • Stručna i znanstvena pomoć poljoprivrednim gospodarstvima na veće korištenje poljoprivredno okolišnih mjera i očuvanja biološke raznolikosti područja, • Izraditi mjere za povećanje skladišnih kapaciteta, te dorade i prerade poljoprivrednih proizvoda, • Javno izlaganje ostvarenih rezultata na prostoru općine Dvor tijekom provedenih istraživanja.

Published
2018

40. Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: a pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

Author

NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Zhou, Bin, Bentham, James, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Taddei, Cristina, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Djalalinia, Shirin, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Lugero, Charles, Peykari, Niloofar, Zhang, Wan Zhu, Bennett, James, Bilano, Ver, Stevens, Gretchen A, Cowan, Melanie J, Riley, Leanne M, Chen, Zhengming, Hambleton, Ian R, Jackson, Rod T, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Malekzadeh, Reza, Neuhauser, Hannelore K, Sorić, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Sundström, Johan, Woodward, Mark, Ezzati, Majid, Džakula, Aleksandar, Ivković, Vanja, Jelaković, Ana, Jelaković, Bojan, Jureša, Vesna, Majer, Marjeta, Mišigoj- Duraković, Marjeta, Musil, Vera, Pećin, Ivan, and Polašek, Ozren

Subjects
blood pressure, hypertension, population health, global health, non-communicable disease, sense organs
Abstract

Background Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20– 29 years to 70–79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probit-transformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age- group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence- mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results In 2005–16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the high-income Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region- sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence- mean association. Conclusions Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood- pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups.

Published
2018

41. Epidemiologija arterijske hipertenzije i unos kuhinjske soli u Hrvatskoj (EH-UH 2)

Author

Jelaković, Bojan, Bajer, Vesna, Banadinović, Maja, Bilajac, Lovorka, Capak, Krunoslav, Ćatić Ćuti, Edina, Džakula, Aleksandar, Gellineo, Lana, Ivančić, Ante, Jelaković, Ana, Knežević, Tamara, Krtalić, Branimir, Lazić, Goran, Leko, Ninoslav, Marinović Glavić, Mihaela, Miličić, Borna, Rakić, Davorka, Sarić, Marijana, Stupin, Ana, Stupin, Marko, Vasiljev Marchesi, Vanja, and Stevanović, Ranko

Subjects
arterijski tlak, arterijska hipertenzija, kardiovaskularni rizik, prevencija, liječenje, kontrola
Abstract

Arterijska hipertenzija (AH) vodeći je uzrok pobola i smrti u svijetu, pa tako i u Hrvatskoj. Prema podacima EH-UH 1 istraživanja, koje je završeno prije 15 godina, prevalencija AH- a iznosila je 37%, uz vrlo lošu kontrolu liječenja - oko 20%. Jedan od glavnih razloga velike prevalencije i loše kontrole je prekomjeran unos kuhinjske soli koji prema rezultatima istraživanja u Hrvatskoj iznosi više od 11 grama dnevno. Podaci su bili temelj za izradu Strateškoga plana Vlade RH za smanjivanje unosa kuhinjske soli. Cilj projekta je: 1) na temelju podataka iz arhive prethodno provedenog istra živanja (EH-UH1) pozvati na kontrolni pregled sve ispitanike, pratiti klinički tijek bolesti i njen ishod ovisno o ulaznim pokazateljima ; 2) na način kako je rađeno i u EH- UH1, u EH-UH2 randomizirati novi uzorak opće populacije u Hrvatskoj, koristiti isti upitnik i način pregleda, mjerenja arterijskoga tlaka (AT) i određivanja pridruženih čimbenika rizika te odrediti prevalenciju, svjesnost, liječenje i kontrolu hipertoničara kao i dinamiku kretanja hipertenzije u Hrvatskoj tijekom 10 godina ; 3) u obje skupine ispitanika (post - EH- UH 1 i tijekom EH-UH 2) odrediti unos kuhinjske soli mjerenjem 24-satne na triurije ; 4) u istom uzorku urina odrediti količinu joda s ciljem utvrđivanja neškodljivosti smanjivanja unosa kuhinjske soli. Rezultati će omogućiti utvrđivanje najznačajnijih čimbenika za razvoj AH-a i njihove povezanosti s kliničkim ishodima.

Published
2018

42. European observatory za zdravstvene sustave i politiku

Author

Džakula, Aleksandar, Pavić, Nika, and Križaj, Mateja

Subjects
donošenje odluka, zdravstvo, European observatory
Abstract

Strukturirani podatci o zdravstvenim sustavima nisu uvijek lako dostupni, stoga se European observatory u svojim publikacijama trudi dati jasan i cjelovit pregled organizacije, financiranja i osnovnih trendova u razvoju zdravstvenih politika EU zemalja u tranziciji , ali i šire. European observatory omogućuje fleksibilno odgovaranje donositeljima odluka, njihovim političkim potrebama i istraživačkim prilikama. Cilj je da putem izdanja Opservatorija politički sustavi zemalja Europe donose ispravne zdravstvene politike koje će promicati solidarnost, jednakost, učinkovitost i kvalitetu, odaziv, transparentnost i integritet.

Published
2017

43. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015 : a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants

Author

Zhou, Bin, Sorić, Maroje, Džakula, Aleksandar, Ivković, Vanja, Jelaković, Bojan, Jureša, Vesna, Majer, Marjeta, Mišigoj-Duraković, Marjeta, Musil, Vera, Pećin, Ivan, Polašek, Ozren, and Vrdoljak, Ana

Subjects
blood pressure, trends
Abstract

Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. We pooled 1479 studies that had taken measurements from 19·1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127·0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125·7–128·3) in men and 122·3 mm Hg (121·0–123·6) in women ; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78·7 mm Hg (77·9–79·5) for men and 76·7 mm Hg (75·9–77·6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24·1% (21·4–27·1) in men and 20·1% (17·8–22·5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure might have also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries ; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1·13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence. During the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. VAŽNOST MAPIRANJA PROCESA HITNE MEDICINSKE SLUŽBE -- ANALIZA NA PRIMJERU SLUČAJA U HRVATSKOJ.

Author

BANADINOVIĆ, MAJA, DŽAKULA, ALEKSANDAR, VOČANEC, DORJA, and KERANOVIĆ, ADIS

Subjects
EMERGENCY medical services, WEB portals, MEDICAL personnel, MASS media, MEDICAL emergencies, PERSISTENT vegetative state
Abstract

Copyright of Acta Medica Croatica is the property of Croatian Academy of Medical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2020

46. Factors Influencing Health Care Providers Payment Reforms in Central and Eastern European Countries

Author

Ndayishimiye, Costase, Tambor, Marzena, Behmane, Daiga, Dimova, Antoniya, Dūdele, Alina, Džakula, Aleksandar, Erasti, Barbora, Gaál, Péter, Habicht, Triin, Hroboň, Pavel, Murauskienė, Liubove, Palicz, Tamás, Scîntee, Silvia Gabriela, Šlegerová, Lenka, Vladescu, Cristian, and Dubas-Jakóbczyk, Katarzyna

Abstract

Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries have recently implemented reforms to health care provider payment systems, which include changing payment methods and related systems such as contracting, management information systems, and accountability mechanisms. This study examines factors influencing provider payment reforms implemented since 2010 in Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, and Romania. A four-stage mixed methods approach was used: developing a theoretical framework and data collection form using existing literature, mapping payment reforms, consulting with national health policy experts, and conducting a comparative analysis. Qualitative analysis included inductive thematic analysis and deductive approaches based on an existing health policy model, distinguishing context, content, process, and actors. We analyzed 27 payment reforms that focus mainly on hospitals and primary health care. We identified 14 major factor themes influencing those reforms. These factors primarily related to the policy process (pilot study, coordination of implementation systems, availability of funds, IT systems, training for providers, reform management) and content (availability of performance indicators, use of clinical guidelines, favorability of the payment system for providers, tariff valuation). Two factors concerned the reform context (political willingness or support, regulatory framework, and bureaucracy) and two were in the actors’ dimension (engagement of stakeholders, capacity of stakeholders). This study highlights that the content and manner of implementation (process) of a reform are crucial. Stakeholder involvement and their capacities could influence every dimension of the reform cycle. The nine countries analyzed share similarities in barriers and facilitators, suggesting the potential for cross-country learning.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Impact of the twelve years of the Counties capacity building program 'Health - Plan for it' in Croatia

Author

Šogorić, Selma, Džakula, Aleksandar, Vuletić, Silvije and Tsouros, A.

Subjects
counties public health capacity building, bottom-up planning
Abstract

Healthy Counties Program started in spring 2002, with the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare, the counties and the Andrija Štampar School of Public Health as partners. Its goal was to provide assistance to County governments in the process of decentralization of health and social welfare system. Since 2004, the project continued through program partnership, within the work of the Croatian Healthy Cities Network. During the process of education in the 1st faze of the programme (2002 to 2009) each County (twenty) and the City of Zagreb produced a health profile and health plan with prioritized health needs and identified actions to address them. But the pure existence of city or county health documents did not solve the problem of implementation so the second round of the Healthy Counties training modules (2008 to 2012) was design with the aim to improve counties and city of Zagreb implementation skills (leading process of change, networking, managing inter-organizational relations, communication and motivation, monitoring and evaluation of results). “Health - Plan for it” is a unique training program which strengthens the management and public health capacity of counties. It assists them to assess population health needs in a participative manner, to set priorities, to plan for health, and, ultimately, to ensure the provision of responsive, high quality services. Priorities selected and described in City or County Health Plans are the basis for resource allocation (80% of Healthy City or County health project funding has to be directed towards solving priority issues). In the past 12 years, this program has been supported by several ministries as well as by local county governments. “Health -Plan for it” is a model of good practice for cooperation between the academic community and local and national government. It relies on multidisciplinary and intersectoral approach, permanent consultation with the community and the use of qualitative analysis. The training program has received numerous program awards from the Centers for disease control (Atlanta, USA), including a distinction award on 16 January 2013. As a program “… that has improved management and leadership to strengthen country health capacity and improve health outcomes…’

Published
2014

48. Health Systems in Transition - Croatia Health System Review 2014

Author

Džakula, Aleksandar, Sagan, Anna, Pavić, Nika, and Lončarek, Karmen

Subjects
DELIVERY OF HEALTH CARE EVALUATION STUDIES FINANCING, HEALTH HEALTH CARE REFORM, health care economics and organizations
Abstract

Croatia is a small central European country on the Balkan peninsula, with a population of approximately 4.3 million and a gross domestic product (GDP) of 62% of the European Union (EU) average (expressed in purchasing power parity ; PPP) in 2012. On 1 July 2013, Croatia became the 28th Member State of the EU. Life expectancy at birth has been increasing steadily in Croatia (with a small decline in the years following the 1991–1995 War of Independence) but is still lower than the EU average. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the population has increased during recent years and trends in physical inactivity are alarming. The Croatian Health Insurance Fund (CHIF), established in 1993, is the sole insurer in the mandatory health insurance (MHI) system that provides universal health coverage to the whole population. The ownership of secondary health care facilities is distributed between the State and the counties. The financial position of public hospitals is weak and recent reforms were aimed at improving this. The introduction of “concessions” in 2009 (public–private partnerships whereby county governments organize tenders for the provision of specific primary health care services) allowed the counties to play a more active role in the organization, coordination and management of primary health care ; most primary care practices have been privatized. The proportion of GDP spent on health by the Croatian government remains relatively low compared to western Europe, as does the per capita health expenditure. Although the share of public expenditure as a proportion of total health expenditure (THE) has been decreasing, at around 82% it is still relatively high, even by European standards. The main source of the CHIF’s xviii Health systems in transition Croatia revenue is compulsory health insurance contributions, accounting for 76% of the total revenues of the CHIF, although only about a third of the population (active workers) is liable to pay full health care contributions. Although the breadth and scope of the MHI scheme are broad, patients must pay towards the costs of many goods and services, and the right to free health care services has been systematically reduced since 2003, although with exemptions for vulnerable population groups. Configuration of capital and human resources in the health care sector could be improved: for example, homes for the elderly and infirm persons operate close to maximum capacity ; psychiatric care in the community is not well developed ; and there are shortages of certain categories of medical professionals, including geographical imbalances. Little research is available on the policy process of health care reforms in Croatia. However, it seems that reforms often lack strategic foundations and/or projections that could be analysed and scrutinized by the public, and evaluation of reform outcomes is lacking. The overall performance of the health care system seems to be good, given the amount of resources available. However, there is a lack of data to assess it properly

Published
2014

49. SOCIOEKONOMSKI STATUS I RIZIČNA ZDRAVSTVENA PONAŠANJA ODRASLE HRVATSKE POPULACIJE

Author

Pilić, Leta and Džakula, Aleksandar

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Croatia, risky health behaviors, Health Behavior, Smoking, socioeconomic status, health behaviors, adult population, Middle Aged, Diet, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Risk-Taking, Social Class, Humans, Female, socioekonomski status, zdravstvena ponašanja, odrasla populacija, Aged, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Dosadašnja istraživanja pokazuju vezu između niskog socioekonomskog statusa (SES) i povećanog pobola i smrtnosti. Iako je socijalna uvjetovanost rizičnih zdravstvenih ponašanja i nepovoljnih zdravstvenih ishoda u hrvatskoj literaturi istraživana, pitanja povezanosti nezdravog načina prehrane, tjelesne inaktivnosti, pušenja i prekomjerne konzumacije alkohola sa socijalnim statusom još uvijek nisu dovoljno istražena. Cilj rada je bio istražiti povezanost SES-a te nezdravog načina prehrane, tjelesne inaktivnosti, pušenja i prekomjerne konzumacije alkohola u hrvatskoj odrasloj populaciji te dolazi li do promjena u zastupljenosti rizičnih zdravstvenih ponašanja u različitim skupinama SES-a u promatranom petogodišnjem razdoblju. Korišteni su podaci dvaju ciklusa Hrvatske zdravstvene ankete (HZA), 2003. i 2008. godine, a u istraživanje je uključeno 1227 ispitanika. Analize su rađene za zdravu populaciju i kronične bolesnike, 2003., u kompletnom uzorku, ali i u zdravoj populaciji odvojeno, socijalni status statistički je značajno bio povezan s nezdravim načinom prehrane (p, Introduction and Aim: Based on the previous research, there is strong association between low socioeconomic status (SES) and high morbidity and mortality rates. Even though association between SES and risky health behaviors as the main factors influencing health has been investigated in Croatian population, some questions are yet to be answered. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, smoking and excessive drinking in low, middle, and high socioeconomic group of adult Croatian population included in the cohort study on regionalism of cardiovascular health risk behaviors. We also investigated the association between SES measured by income, education and occupation, as well as single SES indicators, and risky health behaviors. Sample and Methods: We analyzed data on 1227 adult men and women (aged 19 and older at baseline) with complete data on health behaviors, SES and chronic diseases at baseline (2003) and 5-year follow up. Respondents were classified as being healthy or chronically ill. SES categories were derived from answers to questions on monthly household income, occupation and education by using two-step cluster analysis algorithm. Results: At baseline, for the whole sample as well as for healthy respondents, SES was statistically significantly associated with unhealthy diet (whole sample/healthy respondents: p=0.001), physical inactivity (whole sample/healthy respondents p=0.44/p=0.007), and smoking (whole sample/healthy respondents p

Published
2013

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results