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The study aims to evaluate the energy response of the thermoluminescent dosemeter (TLD) CaSO4:Dy from high energy photon beams produced from medical linear accelerator. The test was performed on the polymethyl methacrylate phantom surface and at the depth of dose maximum with a source-to-surface distance of 100 cm and the radiation field size of 12 × 12 cm. The results were compared with the TLD response exposed to 60Co standard source. The results show that the TLD response to the linac's photon differs >30% compared to the TLD response to 60Co exposure when measured at the phantom surface, while at the depth of maximum dose the response is similar (< ±10%), indicating that the TLD response is no longer dependent on the energy. This implies that the current dose reading evaluation based on 60Co calibration curve should be corrected to obtain more accurate dose report of the radiation workers., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

This paper presents the results of a study on the characteristics of semiconductor sensors based on thin SnO 2 films modified with antimony, dysprosium, and silver impurities and dispersed double Pt/Pd catalysts deposited on the surface to detect carbon monoxide (CO). An original technology was developed, and ceramic targets were made from powders of Sn-Sb-O, Sn-Sb-Dy-O, and Sn-Sb-Dy-Ag-O systems synthesized by the sol-gel method. Films of complex composition were obtained by RF magnetron sputtering of the corresponding targets, followed by technological annealing at various temperatures. The morphology of the films, the elemental and chemical composition, and the electrical and gas-sensitive properties were studied. Special attention was paid to the effect of the film composition on the stability of sensor parameters during long-term tests under the influence of CO. It was found that different combinations of concentrations of antimony, dysprosium, and silver had a significant effect on the size and distribution of nanocrystallites, the porosity, and the defects of films. The mechanisms of degradation under prolonged exposure to CO were examined. It was established that Pt/Pd/SnO 2 :0.5 at.% Sb film with optimal crystallite sizes and reduced porosity provided increased stability of carbon monoxide sensor parameters, and the response to the action of 100 ppm carbon monoxide was G 1 / G 0 = 2-2.5.

Glasses from the system Na 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -B 2 O 3 -Dy 2 O 3 are prepared with three different concentrations of the Dy 3+ ion-0.5, 1, and 2 at%. Glass-ceramics are obtained after thermal treatment of the parent glass at 580°С and 630°С during 2, 5, and 24 h. The crystallizing phases, the crystallinity degree, and the nano crystalline size are determined. The crystallizing phases after thermal treatment are NaAlSiO 4 in two different modifications and Na 3 B 3 O 6 . XRD analyses show the presence of third unknown phase in some samples. Emission and excitation spectra of the glass-ceramics show the characteristic peaks of Dy 3+ ( 4 F 9/2  →  6 H 15/2 , 4 F 9/2  →  6 H 13/2 and 4 F 9/2  →  6 H 11/2 at 483, 575, and 668 nm, respectively). The yellow peak is dominating in all samples. The spectra show different intensity depending on the Dy 3+ concentration, temperature, and time of the thermal treatment. This result suggests that the emission color can be controlled by these three factors., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

As an emerging source for liquid biopsy, exosomes hold significant promise for clinical diagnosis. However, commonly used exosome isolation methods (e.g., ultracentrifugation) suffer from low throughput for a large number of clinical samples. Herein, a dysprosium-metal organic framework was synthesized and doped with nanofibers by electrospinning for efficient capture of exosomes from body fluid. With the integration of multichannel of pipet or robot automatic workstation, high throughput exosome isolation can be achieved with clinical samples with high reproducibility. To evaluate the clinical value of the developed method, urinary exosomes were enriched from 34 liver disease samples of different stages for the profiling of metabolites by mass spectrometry. The results showed that HCC, cirrhosis, and healthy controls can be significantly differentiated by the Random Forest classification model. The dysprosium-metal organic framework has promising applications in exosome-based liquid biopsy for large-scale clinical disease diagnosis.

A fluoride material phosphor doped with rare earth ions Eu 3+ and Dy 3+ was studied for its photoluminescence (PL) properties. The material was synthesized using a combustion method and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and PL techniques. The Na 3 Ca 2 (SO 4 ) 3 F: Eu 3+ phosphor exhibits two distinct peaks at 593 nm (orange) and 615 nm (red) at an excitation wavelength of 395 nm. The PL excitation spectrum of the Na 3 Ca 2 (SO 4 ) 3 F: Dy 3+ phosphor showed series of peaks, corresponding to the 4f → 4f transitions of Dy 3+ ions. Under 350-nm excitation, the PL emission spectrum revealed two prominent bands one at 483 nm (blue region) due to the 4 F₉ / ₂ →  6 H₁₅ / ₂ transition, and another at 573 nm (yellow region) resulting from the 4 F₉ / ₂ →  6 H₁₃ / ₂ transition. These blue and yellow emissions suggest potential applications in solid-state lighting, particularly for mercury-free excitation sources. Rare earth-doped Eu 3+ /Dy 3+ materials exhibit highly efficient PL properties, making them suitable candidates for white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or other solid-state lighting phosphors., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

In recent years, the demand for rare earth elements has surged due to their unique characteristics and diverse applications. This investigation focuses on utilizing the rare earth element dysprosium oxide (Dy 2 O 3 ) for the photocatalytic oxidation of model pollutants under solar light irradiation. A novel RGO-Dy 2 O 3 nanocomposite photocatalyst was developed using a solvothermal approach, Dy 2 O 3 nanorods uniformly deposited onto reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including Brunner-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, high resolution - transmittance electron microscopy (HR-TEM), field emission-electron scanning microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS techniques. The UV-visible diffusive reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis-DRS) studies revealed a band gap energy of 3.18 eV and a specific surface area of 114 m 2 /g for the fabricated RGO-Dy 2 O 3 nanocomposite. The RGO-Dy 2 O 3 nanocomposite demonstrated a high photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 98.1% at neutral pH for methylene blue (MB) dye for the dye concentration of 10 ppm. The remarkable photocatalytic performance was achieved within 60 min under solar light irradiation. Reusability tests demonstrated stability, maintaining over 90% photocatalytic efficiency after three cycles. The EPR spectra and quenching experiments confirmed that photogenerated hydroxyl radicals significantly influence the photodegradation processes. The RGO-Dy 2 O 3 nanocomposite photocatalyst, with its green, easy preparation process and recycling capabilities, presents an ideal choice for various applications. It offers a viable alternative for the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in real wastewater, contributing to sustainable environmental remediation., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The present work investigates the structural and luminescence behaviour of Dy 3+ -Sm 3+ co-doped glass ceramics obtained through heat treatment of precursor glasses. The growth of SiO 2 polycrystalline particles and evolution of these crystallites in the glass domain are witnessed via XRD and FESEM study. The presence of network vibrational bands, hydroxyl groups and the increased quantity of bridging oxygens (BOs) in glass ceramics are analysed through FTIR spectroscopy study. The absorption study (UV-Visible-NIR) showed the possible electronic transitions of Dy 3+ and Sm 3+ ions. The red shift in the absorption band edges and the lower bandgap values are obtained as a result of improved heat treatment in glass ceramics. Emission studies show the enhanced luminescence intensity of glass ceramics under 350 and 402 nm excitations. Decay measurement of glass ceramics showed the improved lifetimes of Dy 3+ and Sm 3+ ions to have appeared in microseconds (×10 -6  s). The colour characteristics of glass ceramics analysed using CIE colour chromaticity diagram and correlated colour temperature (CCT) values suggest the neutral to cool white light emissions. Therefore, prepared glass ceramics with SiO 2 polycrystalline phase are considered to be suitable materials in cool white LEDs applications., (© 2024 The Author(s). Luminescence published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The oxidation of tetraselenatetracene (TSeT) by tetracyanoquinodimethane in the presence of dysprosium(III) tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonate), Dy III (hfac) 3 , produces black crystals of {TSeT 1.5 } ●+ [Dy III (hfac) 4 ] - ( 1 ) salt, which combines conducting and magnetic sublattices. It contains one-dimensional stacks composed of partially oxidized TSeT molecules (formal averaged charge is +2/3). Dimers and monomers can be outlined within these stacks with charge and spin density redistribution. The spin triplet state of the dimers is populated above 128 K with an estimated singlet-triplet energy gap of 542 K, whereas spins localized on the monomers show paramagnetic behavior. A semiconducting behavior is observed for 1 with the activation energy of 91 meV (measured by the four-probe technique for an oriented single crystal). The Dy III ions coordinate four hfac - anions in [Dy III (hfac) 4 ] - , providing D 2d symmetry. Slow magnetic relaxation is observed for Dy III under an applied static magnetic field of 1000 Oe, and 1 is a single-ion magnet (SIM) with spin reversal barrier U eff = 40.2 K and magnetic hysteresis at 2 K. Contributions from Dy III and TSeT ●+ paramagnetic species are seen in EPR. The Dy III ion rarely manifests EPR signals, but such signal is observed in 1 . It appears due to narrowing below 30 K and has g 4 = 6.1871 and g 5 = 2.1778 at 5.4 K.

Biological ion channels exhibit high selectivity and permeability of ions because of their asymmetrical pore structures and surface chemistries. Here, we demonstrate a biomimetic nanofluidic channel (BNC) with an asymmetrical structure and glycyl-L-proline (GLP) -functionalization for ultrafast, selective, and unidirectional Dy 3+ extraction over other lanthanide (Ln 3+ ) ions with very similar electronic configurations. The selective extraction mainly depends on the amplified chemical affinity differences between the Ln 3+ ions and GLPs in nanoconfinement. In particular, the conductivities of Ln 3+ ions across the BNC even reach up to two orders of magnitude higher than in a bulk solution, and a high Dy 3+ /Nd 3+ selectivity of approximately 60 could be achieved. The designed BNC can effectively extract Dy 3+ ions with ultralow concentrations and thereby purify Nd 3+ ions to an ultimate content of 99.8 wt.%, which contribute to the recycling of rare earth resources and environmental protection. Theoretical simulations reveal that the BNC preferentially binds to Dy 3+ ion due to its highest affinity among Ln 3+ ions in nanoconfinement, which attributes to the coupling of ion radius and coordination matching. These findings suggest that BNC-based ion selectivity system provides alternative routes to achieving highly efficient lanthanide separation., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The metrological quality of a measurement is characterised by evaluating the uncertainty in the measurement. In this paper, uncertainty in personal dose measured using individual monitoring CaSO4:Dy-based thermoluminescence dosimeter badge is evaluated by application of the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement method. The present dose reporting quantity, whole body dose (WBD) and the proposed quantity, personal dose equivalent, Hp(10) has been used as measurands. The influence of various input quantities on the measurement were analyzed through tests that conform to the requirements of the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC 62387. The study found that the expanded uncertainties for WBD and Hp(10) measurements were 63.4% and 41.4%, respectively, corresponding to a 95% coverage probability for workplace fields covering a wide photon energy range (33-1250 keV). However, the uncertainty estimates were quite lower for the type of workplaces that are identified using the dose evaluation algorithm. The input quantities, namely, the response to a mixture of photon beam qualities and photon energy and angular dependence contribute the most to the total uncertainty., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

The depleting supply of natural sources of rare earth elements (REE) is a concern to many nations as demand for advanced technology is becoming vital for national security. In this communication, the recovery of dysprosium(III) from aqueous systems was exemplified by a modified phosphorylated chitosan (PCs/MB) prepared by the C-Mannich reaction of phosphorylated chitosan, glutaraldehyde, and 4-hydroxycoumarin in ethanolic solution. Batch adsorption studies achieved a maximum adsorption capacity (q max ) of 34 mg/g at 25 °C and pH = 5.4 for 2 h. Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy, elemental mapping, and quantitative analyses revealed ion-exchange mechanism with C6-phosphate and a synergistic complexation with the amino group between two hexose units of the chitosan chain confirming the correlation provided by the pseudo-second order kinetics (R 2  = 0.9996), extrapolated mean free energy of adsorption (E ads ) of 12.9 kJ/mol from the corrected Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm, and the extrapolated enthalpy of adsorption (ΔH 0 ads ) of -42.4 kJ/mol from the linearized Van't Hoff plot. Competitive adsorption with iron(II), cerium(III), and neodymium(III) demonstrated preferential removal of dysprosium(III) and complete exclusion of iron(II), which illustrates potential application in the separation of REE from electronic wastes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Zinc (Zn)-dysprosium (Dy) binary alloys are promising biodegradable bone fracture fixation implants owing to their attractive biodegradability and mechanical properties. However, their clinical application is a challenge for bone fracture healing, due to the lack of Zn-Dy alloys with tailored proper bio-mechanical and osteointegration properties for bone regeneration. A Zn-5Dy alloy with high strength and ductility and a degradation rate aligned with the bone remodeling cycle is developed. Here, mechanical stability is further confirmed, proving that Zn-5Dy alloy can resist aging in the degradation process, thus meeting the mechanical requirements of fracture fixation. In vitro cellular experiments reveal that the Zn-5Dy alloy enhances osteogenesis and angiogenesis by elevating SIRT4-mediated mitochondrial function. In vivo Micro-CT, SEM-EDS, and immunohistochemistry analyses further indicate good biosafety, suitable biodegradation rate, and great osteointegration of Zn-5Dy alloy during bone healing, which also depends on the upregulation of SIRT4-mediated mitochondrial events. Overall, the study is the first to report a Zn-5Dy alloy that exerts remarkable osteointegration properties and has a strong potential to promote bone healing. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of mitochondrial modulation and shall guide the future development of mitochondria-targeting materials in enhancing bone fracture healing., (© 2024 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Eu 3+ ,Dy 3+ co-doped Sr 2 LaZrO 5.5 -based phosphors were prepared through a sol-gel method. Through characterization, it was found that the Sr 2 LaZrO 5.5 -based fluorescent powder co-doped with Eu 3+ and Dy 3+ had a cubic structure. At an excitation wavelength of 290 nm, the substrate Sr 2 LaZrO 5.5 exhibited strong blue emission at 468 nm, and the Sr 2 LaZrO 5.5 :18%Eu 3+ phosphor exhibited a strong red emission peak at 612 nm. When the doping amount of Dy 3+ was 5, 8, 12, 15, or 18%, the Sr 2 LaZrO 5.5 :18%Eu 3+ phosphor changed from an orange-red light, to a warm white light, and to a cold white light. According to the emission spectra, the emission intensities of the substrates Sr 2 LaZrO 5.5 and Sr 2 LaZrO 5.5 :Eu 3+ decreased with increasing Dy 3+ concentration, confirming the energy transfer between the host Sr 2 LaZrO 5.5 -Eu 3+ ,Dy 3+ , and resulting in a lower CCT value, with significantly improved white light emission., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Among various materials designed for anticancer drug transport, sulfide nanoparticles are uniquely intriguing owing to their spectral characteristics. Exploration of newer nanoscale copper sulfide particles with dysprosium doping is reported herein. It leads to a change in the physicochemical properties of the sulfide nanoparticles and hence the difference in drug release and cytotoxicity., Objective: We intend to purport the suitably engineered cobalt sulfide and dysprosium-doped cobalt sulfide nanoparticles that are magnetic and NIR-absorbing, as drug delivery vehicles. The drug loading and release are based on the supramolecular drug complex formation on the surface of the nanoparticles., Method: The nanomaterials are synthesized employing hydrothermal procedures, coated with a biocompatible poly-β-cyclodextrin, and characterized using the methods of diffractometry, microscopy, spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and magnetometry. The sustained drug release is investigated in vitro . 5-Fluorouracil is loaded in the nanocarriers. The empty and 5-fluorouracil-loaded nanocarriers are screened for their anti-breast cancer activity in vitro on MCF-7 cells., Results: The size of the nanoparticles is below 10 nm. They show soft ferromagnetic characteristics. Further, they show broad NIR absorption bands extending up to 1200 nm, with the dysprosium-doped material displaying greater absorbance. The drug 5-fluorouracil is encapsulated in the nanocarriers and released sustainably, with the expulsion duration extending over 10 days. The IC 50 of the blank and the drug-loaded cobalt sulfide are 16.24 ± 3.6 and 12.2 ± 2.6 μg mL -1 , respectively. For the drug-loaded, dysprosium-doped nanocarrier, the IC 50 value is 9.7 ± 0.3 μg mL -1 ., Conclusion: The ultrasmall nanoparticles possess a size suitable for drug delivery and are dispersed well in the aqueous medium. The release of the loaded 5-fluorouracil is slow and sustained. The anticancer activity of the drug-loaded nanocarrier shows an increase in efficacy, and the cytotoxicity is appreciable due to the controlled release. The nanocarriers show multi-functional characteristics, i.e. , magnetic and NIR-absorbing, and are promising drug delivery agents., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

The CaAlBO 4 :RE (RE = Dy 3+ , Eu 3+ , Sm 3+ ) phosphor were prepared via combustion synthesis and studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), photoluminescence (PL) spectra and CIE coordinates. The phase formation of the obtained phosphor was analyzed by XRD and the result was confirmed by standard PDF Card No. 1539083. XRD data successfully indicated pure phase of CaAlBO 4 phosphor. The crystal structure of CaAlBO 4 phosphor is orthorhombic with space group Ccc2 (37). The SEM image of CaAlBO 4 phosphor reveals an agglomerated morphology and non-uniform particle size. The EDS image provides evidence of the elements present and the chemical makeup of the materials. Under the 350 nm excitation, the emission spectrum of Dy 3+ activated CaAlBO 4 phosphor consists of two main groups of characteristic peaks located at 484 and 577 nm which are ascribed to 4 F 9/2  →  6 H 15/2 and 4 F 9/2  →  6 H 13/2 transition of Dy 3+ respectively. The PL emission spectra of CaAlBO 4 :Eu 3+ phosphor shows characteristics bands observed around 591 and 613 nm, which corresponds to 5 D 0  →  7 F 1 and 5 D 0  →  7 F 2 transition of Eu 3+ respectively, upon 395 nm excitation wavelength. The emission spectra of Sm 3+ activated CaAlBO 4 phosphor shows three characteristic bands observed at 565, 601 and 648 nm which emits yellow, orange and red color. The prominent emission peak at the wavelength 601 nm, which is attributed to 4 G 5/2  →  6 H 7/2 transition, displays an orange emission. The CIE color coordinates of CaAlBO 4 :RE (RE = Dy 3+ , Eu 3+ , Sm 3+ ) phosphor are calculated to be (0.631, 0.368), (0.674, 0.325) and (0.073, 0.185). As per the obtained results, CaAlBO 4 :RE (RE = Dy 3+ , Eu 3+ , Sm 3+ ) phosphor may be applicable in eco-friendly lightning technology., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The production possibility of 161 Tb and 155 Tb by irradiating of natural dysprosium with gamma rays obtained by decelerating an electron beam with an energy of 55 MeV has been demonstrated experimentally. The yield of 161 Tb was 14.4 × 10 3 Bq × μA -1  × h -1  × cm 2 × g Dy2O3 -1 . Simultaneously, upon irradiation, 155 Dy is formed with the yield of 25 × 10 3 Bq × μA -1  × h -1  × cm 2 × g Dy2O3 -1 , which leads to the formation of 1.6 × 10 3 Bq × μA -1  × h -1  × cm 2 × g Dy2O3 -1 of 155 Tb. It has been shown that the isolation of terbium radioisotopes from tens of mg of dysprosium target can be achieved by extraction chromatography, and final separation yield was 39%. The impurity of 160 Tb is 7.3% of the 161 Tb activity at EOB., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

To reduce the issue of tri-primary color reabsorption, a new approach for single-phase phosphors as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been recommended. The structures, morphology, photoluminescence, thermal stability, and luminescence mechanism of a variety of Ca 3 Bi (PO 4 ) 3 (CBPO): Ce 3+ /Dy 3+ phosphors were investigated. XRD characterization showed that all CBPO samples were eulytite structures. Furthermore, the energy transfer process from Ce 3+ to Dy 3+ in CBPO is systematically investigated in this work, and the color of light can be adjusted by changing the ratio of doped ions. Under UV light, energy is transferred from Ce 3+ -Dy 3+ mainly through quadrupole-quadrupole interactions in the CBPO host, and doping with different Dy 3+ concentrations tunes the emission color from blue to white. The thermal stability of the CBPO: 0.04Ce 3+ , 0.08Dy 3+ samples is outstanding, and the CIE coordinates of the samples after emission have little effect with temperature, while their emission intensity at 423 K is as strong as that at room temperature, reaching 90%. The above results indicate that this CBPO material has great potential as a white light phosphor under near-UV excitation at the optimized concentration of Ce 3+ and Dy 3+ .

Technologically critical rare-earth elements are notoriously difficult to separate, owing to their subtle differences in ionic radius and coordination number 1-3 . The natural lanthanide-binding protein lanmodulin (LanM) 4,5 is a sustainable alternative to conventional solvent-extraction-based separation 6 . Here we characterize a new LanM, from Hansschlegelia quercus (Hans-LanM), with an oligomeric state sensitive to rare-earth ionic radius, the lanthanum(III)-induced dimer being >100-fold tighter than the dysprosium(III)-induced dimer. X-ray crystal structures illustrate how picometre-scale differences in radius between lanthanum(III) and dysprosium(III) are propagated to Hans-LanM's quaternary structure through a carboxylate shift that rearranges a second-sphere hydrogen-bonding network. Comparison to the prototypal LanM from Methylorubrum extorquens reveals distinct metal coordination strategies, rationalizing Hans-LanM's greater selectivity within the rare-earth elements. Finally, structure-guided mutagenesis of a key residue at the Hans-LanM dimer interface modulates dimerization in solution and enables single-stage, column-based separation of a neodymium(III)/dysprosium(III) mixture to >98% individual element purities. This work showcases the natural diversity of selective lanthanide recognition motifs, and it reveals rare-earth-sensitive dimerization as a biological principle by which to tune the performance of biomolecule-based separation processes., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

White-light-emitting La 10 W 22 O 81 (LWO): xDy 3+ (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 10 mol%) nanocrystalline phosphors were developed by a facile hydrothermal assisted solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicated that the prepared samples adopted orthorhombic crystal structures. The agglomeration of uniform nanorods was identified from the FE-SEM analysis of the optimized LWO: 1.5 mol% Dy 3+ nanocrystalline phosphors. Additionally, transmission electron microscope, scanning transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to explore the surface morphology, size, interplanar distance, and chemical composition with valence states of the LWO: 1.5 mol% Dy 3+ phosphors, respectively. By exciting with 387 nm, the LWO: Dy 3+ emission spectra showed two intense peaks at 476 nm ( 4 F 9/2 → 6 H 15/2 ) and 571 nm ( 4 F 9/2 → 6 H 13/2 ) and a shoulder peak at 659 nm ( 4 F 9/2 → 6 H 11/2 ). Optimum emission intensity was achieved for 1.5 mol% Dy 3+ in the LWO host lattice. The luminescence quenching beyond 1.5 mol% Dy 3+ is attributed to the dipole-dipole interactions when the Dy 3+ (donor) and Dy 3+ (acceptor) ions are at a critical distance of 58.53 Å. Photometric studies were conducted to evaluate the performance and practical applicability of the phosphors. The CIE chromaticity diagram suggests that the LWO: 1.5 mol% Dy 3+ nanophosphor conspicuously exhibits cool white light. Therefore, this material could be a promising and potential white light-emitting nanocrystalline phosphor material for white light emitting diodes (LEDs) under near-UV excitation. In addition, the toxicity of the optimized nanophosphor in normal WI-38 lung fibroblast cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells was examined. Surprisingly, LWO: 1.5 mol% Dy 3+ nanophosphor was found to be non-cytotoxic to normal cells, but extremely toxic to cancer cells. Therefore, the nanophosphor materials can be considered potential candidates for biomedical applications, particularly for cancer treatment., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Samples of microcrystalline rare earth-doped magnesium borate materials were synthesized via modified solid-state diffusion and were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Photoluminescence (PL) results for the MgB 4 O 7 :Dy sample depicts blue emission that resulted from a 4 F 9/2 - 6 H 15/2 transition that peaked at 484 nm, which was much stronger than the yellow emission arising due to the 4 F 9/2 - 6 H 13/2 transition at 576 nm. From the emission spectra for MgB 4 O 7 :Tb, it seems that at higher concentrations of Tb 3+ ion, the green emission becomes strong and directly relates to the energy transfer from the 5 D 3 excited state to the 5 D 4 excited state through a cross-relaxation, whereas the blue emission is suppressed in MgB 4 O 7 phosphors. The thermoluminescence (TL) of the samples was measured immediately after irradiation and compared by TL curve with CaSO 4 :Dy. MgB 4 O 7 :Dy showed very good TL sensitivity for the desirable dosimetric curve at ~218°C and the best glow curve structure. In comparison with the dosimetric peaks for MgB 4 O 7 :Ce and MgB 4 O 7 :Tb, the MgB 4 O 7 :Dy phosphor is equally sensitive to CaSO 4 :Dy. MgB 4 O 7 :Dy and MgB 4 O 7 :Tb showed linearity for a 1-5 kGy dose. The activation energies and frequency factors were also calculated for samples MgB 4 O 7 :RE (where RE = Dy, Tb, Ce) using the peak shape method., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

In this work, the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles doped with trivalent dysprosium ions were synthesized by a co-precipitation method. The characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were carried out to determine the crystalline and structural properties. The Rietveld structural refinement of the XRD patterns confirmed the purity of the phase formation of the synthesized nanoparticles. The photoluminescence emission spectra exhibited intense emissions in the blue region at 450 nm and 476 nm along with less intense yellow emission at 573 nm which can be attributed to the magnetic dipole and electric dipole transitions of dysprosium respectively. In order to evaluate the colour tunability of the emitted light CIE chromaticity coordinate values were calculated. The intense blue emissions from the synthesized sample were found to be favourable for bioimaging. The images obtained from the fluorescence microscopy revealed that the dysprosium-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles are potential bioimaging probes in human cells., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Due to the small differences in the chemical properties of facial ( fac ) and meridional ( mer ) stereoisomers, selective synthesis of one of the isomers is challenging, especially for lanthanide complexes. By using a flexible bidentate phosphine oxide ligand, we managed to isolate three stereoisomeric 2D and 3D coordination polymers, in which six-coordinate Dy(III) ions possess fac - or mer -Cl 3 O 3 coordination environments. Structural studies indicate that the stereochemistry differences result from their various supramolecular interactions ( e.g. , hydrogen bonding and π⋯π stacking). Magnetic property measurements reveal the different static and dynamic magnetic behaviours of the three stereoisomers. Ab initio CASSCF calculations were then performed which indicated that their distinct magnetic behaviours arise from their fac / mer configurations. Compared to fac -Dy(III), mer -Dy(III) possesses more axial ground-state KDs and higher first excited KDs.

Contrast agents retaining high relaxivities at ultrahigh magnetic fields underpin an enhanced image sensitivity within derived MRI scans. By varying the Dy 3+ loading density inside a mesoporous silica architecture the dominant Curie effect can be effectively tuned so as to optimise T 2 contrast at magnetic fields as high as 11.7 T.

In this study for the first time, high efficient, eco-friendly and novel Dy 2 O 3 /ZnO-Au ternary nanocomposites (Dy/ZnO-AuNCs) were prepared in presence of pomegranate fruit (PF) extract as capping and reducing agents (Dy/ZnO-AuNCs@PF). The influence of various parameters such as basic agents, reducing agents, sonication power, and sonication time were performed to reach the optimum condition. The formation of the products was characterized by FT-IR, HRTEM, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX and DRS techniques. The XRD and TEM analysis showed that the morphology and crystallite size of nanocomposites were spherical morphology and 85-90 nm, respectively. The obtained Dy/ZnO-AuNCs@PF were investigated as a nanocatalyst for degradation of erythrosine (ES) as anionic dye and basic violet 10 (BV10) as cationic dye under UV and visible light irradiations. The Dy/ZnO-AuNCs@PF exhibited higher photodegradation against ES (89.6%) and BV10 (91.3%) than pure Dy 2 O 3 (63.1% for ES, 66.5% for BV10) and Dy 2 O 3 /ZnO (64.5% for ES, 70.8% for BV10) under UV irradiation. It was found that gold nanoparticles have significant effect on Dy/ZnO-AuNCs@PF catalytic performance for decomposition of organic pollutants. In addition, Dy/ZnO-AuNCs@PF showed excellent in-vitro antibacterial activity against A. baumannii, S. aureus and P. mirabilis with MIC and MBC values of (5, 80 mg/ml), (5, 40 mg/ml) and (2.5, 20 mg/ml), respectively. Generally, according to its excellent antibacterial and catalytic activity, Dy/ZnO-AuNCs@PF can be used in biomedical and environmental applications., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Tapping into the secondary coordination environment of mononuclear DyIII-complexes leads to drastic changes in luminescence and magnetism. Visualization of effects induced by stereoelectronics on the opto-magnetic properties was achieved through subtle modifications in the ligand framework.

A tripodal Schiff base ligand, 2,4,6-Tris(4-carboxybenzimino)-1,3,5-triazine (MT) and its trinuclear Dy(III), Er(III), and Gd(III) complexes were synthesized. These were characterized using UV-visible, IR, 1 H, and 13 C NMR spectroscopies, elemental analysis, and molar conductivity measurements. The spectral studies indicate that the ligand is hexadentate and coordinates to the Ln(III) ions through the oxygen atoms of the carboxylic group. The trinuclear complexes were characterized as being bridged by carboxylate anions to the Dy(III), Er(III), and Gd(III) salen centers and displaying a coordination number of six. Biological studies revealed that MT is more active against the test micro-organisms relative to the trinuclear complexes. Acute toxicity studies revealed that MT is safe and has a wide range of effective doses (ED 50 ). In vivo antimalarial studies indicate that MT could serve as an effective antimalarial agent since it has parasitemia inhibition of 84.02% at 50 mg/kg and 65.81% at 25 mg/kg, close to the value (87.22%) of the standard drug-Artesunate. Molecular docking simulation studies on the compounds against SARS-CoV-2 (6Y84) and E. coli DNA gyrase (5MMN) revealed effective binding interactions through multiple bonding modes. The binding energy calculated for Er(III)MT-6Y84 and Er(III)MT-5MMN complexes showed active molecules with the ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and E. coli DNA gyrase.

The search for two- and three-dimensional materials with slow relaxation of the magnetization (single-ion magnets, SIM and single-molecule magnets, SMM) has become a very active area in recent years. Here we show how it is possible to prepare two-dimensional SIMs by combining Dy(III) with two different anilato-type ligands (dianions of the 3,6-disubstituted-2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone: C 6 O 4 X 2 2- , with X = H and Cl) in dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso). The two compounds prepared, formulated as: [Dy 2 (C 6 O 4 H 2 ) 3 (dmso) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]·2dmso·18H 2 O ( 1 ) and [Dy 2 (C 6 O 4 Cl 2 ) 3 (dmso) 4 ]·2dmso·2H 2 O ( 2 ) show distorted hexagonal honeycomb layers with the solvent molecules (dmso and H 2 O) located in the interlayer space and in the hexagonal channels that run perpendicular to the layers. The magnetic measurements of compounds 1 , 2 and [Dy 2 (C 6 O 4 (CN)Cl) 3 (dmso) 6 ] ( 3 ), a recently reported related compound, show that the three compounds present slow relaxation of the magnetization. In compound 1 the SIM behaviour does not need the application of a DC field whereas 2 and 3 are field-induced SIM (FI-SIM) since they show slow relaxation of the magnetization when a DC field is applied. We discuss the differences observed in the crystal structures and magnetic properties based on the X group of the anilato ligands (H, Cl and Cl/CN) in 1 - 3 and in the recently reported derivative [Dy 2 (C 6 O 4 Br 2 ) 3 (dmso) 4 ]·2dmso·2H 2 O ( 4 ) with X = Br, that is also a FI-SIM.

pH is a critical parameter that has found unique application in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) mapping acidity in tissues. This study reports a series of Dy-based MR probes that show innovative T 2ex features, governed by proton catalyzed events. With an increase of pH from 5.5 to 8.0, the r 2ex relaxivity increased dramatically, while the r 1 relaxivity remained unchanged. The resulting r 2ex /r 1 allowed for concentration-independent and direct mapping of physiologically relevant pH ranges.

In complex [Na-Dy(μ 2 -L) 4 ] n (HL = 8-hydroxyquinoline) (1), the DyL 4 units were linked by the Na I ions to form one-dimensional chains. The chain exhibited slow magnetic relaxation behavior at low temperature, accompanied by obvious quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM). Very weak fluorescence was detected in 1 due to the mismatch of the state energy between Dy III and the L ligand. Through the magnetic dilution of diamagnetic Y III ions, complex [NaDy 0.02 Y 0.98 (μ 2 -L) 4 ] n (2) was obtained; in 2 the QTM of Dy III was suppressed and the single ion magnet (SIM) behavior was enhanced. More interestingly, the fluorescence emission of 8-hydroxyquinoline was lightened by the Y III ions in 2, whose intensity is linearly correlated with the temperature variation. The examples of dual functional fluorescent thermometers and SIM materials are attained simply by ion dilution, achieving the effect of killing two birds with one stone.

We describe a wet chemical method for the synthesis of uniform and well-dispersed dysprosium vanadate (DyVO 4 ) and holmium vanadate (HoVO 4 ) nanoparticles with an almost spherical shape and a mean size of ∼60 nm and their functionalization with poly(acrylic acid). The transverse magnetic relaxivity of both systems at 9.4 T is analyzed on the basis of magnetic susceptibility and magnetization measurements in order to evaluate their potential for application as high-field MRI contrast agents. In addition, the X-ray attenuation properties of these systems are also studied to determine their capabilities as computed tomography contrast agent. Finally, the colloidal stability under physiological pH conditions and the cytotoxicity of the functionalized NPs are also addressed to assess their suitability for bioimaging applications.

This work furthers the development of counter-current chromatography as an industrial separation process method. It was demonstrated that the industrial counter-current chromatography methods, in particular, for the separation groups of rare earth metals, can be implemented in a modified cascade of centrifugal mixer-settler extractors. The retention behavior of rare earth elements (samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium and yttrium) on the pilot chromatographic unit consisting of 70 serially connected centrifugal mixer-settler extractors was experimentally studied under isocratic elution conditions using the mixture of 30 vol.% Cyanex Ⓡ 572 + 10 vol.% tributylphosphate in a hydrocarbon diluent as the stationary phase and aqueous nitric acid as the mobile phase. Theoretical analysis of experimental studies showed an acceptable agreement between the assumptions of the theory and experimental results., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Magnetic luminescent hybrid nanoparticles Fe3O4/BaMoO4:Dy3+ (MLHNPs) were successfully synthesized by the co-precipitation method using ethylene glycol. The MLHNPs are functionalized with β-cyclodextrin (CD) using 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES). The surface functionalization of nanoparticles and their conjugation have been confirmed via powder XRD, FTIR, HRTEM, and PL analyses. The feasibility of functionalized MLHNPs as nanocarriers for hydrophobic drugs (triazole derivatives) was verified by studying the uptake and release profile using a triazole derivative as a hydrophobic drug. In addition, the photoluminescence spectroscopy results confirmed the optical imaging capability of MLHNPs. The outcomes of loading and release disclose that this system is likely to be a suitable tool as a hydrophobic drug carrier.

Two one-dimensional dysprosium(iii) complexes based on α-glycine (gly) and β-alanine (β-ala) amino acids, with the formula {[Dy 2 (gly) 6 (H 2 O) 4 ](ClO 4 ) 6 ·5H 2 O} n (1) and {[Dy 2 (β-ala) 6 (H 2 O) 4 ](ClO 4 ) 6 ·H 2 O} n (2), have been synthesised and characterised structurally and magnetically. Both compounds crystallise in the triclinic system with the space group P1[combining macron]. In 1, two Dy III ions are eight-coordinate and bound to six oxygen atoms from six gly ligands and two oxygen atoms from two water molecules, showing different geometries (bicapped trigonal prism and square antiprism). In 2, two Dy III ions are nine-coordinate and bound to seven oxygen atoms from six β-ala ligands and two oxygen atoms from two water molecules in the same geometry (capped square antiprism). In the crystal packing of both compounds, cationic {[Dy 2 (L) 6 (H 2 O) 4 ] 6+ } n [L = α-glycine (1) and β-alanine (2)] chains, ClO 4 - anions, and water molecules generate a network connected through H-bonding interactions. The study of the magnetic properties of 1 and 2 through dc magnetic susceptibility measurements reveals different magnetic behaviour 1 and 2. In addition, ac magnetic susceptibility measurements show a field-induced slow relaxation of magnetisation for both compounds, pointing out that the single-molecule magnet (SMM) phenomenon occurs in both 1 and 2.

Dy 3+ -doped Y 3 Al 5 O 12 phosphors were prepared at a relatively low temperature using molten salt synthesis. The phase of the prepared Dy 3+ -doped Y 3 Al 5 O 12 phosphors was confirmed using X-ray powder diffraction. Results indicated that Dy 3+ doping did not change the Y 3 Al 5 O 12 phase. Following excitation at 352 nm, emission spectra of the Dy 3+ -doped Y 3 Al 5 O 12 phosphors consisted of blue, yellow, and red emission bands. The influence of Dy 3+ concentration and excitation wavelength on emission was investigated. The ratio of yellow light to blue light varied with change in Dy 3+ doping concentration, due to changes in the structure around Dy 3+ . Emission intensities also changed when the excitation wavelength was changed. This variation is luminescence generated a system for tunable white light for Dy 3+ -doped Y 3 Al 5 O 12 phosphors., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Lithium borate (LB) glasses doped with dysprosium oxide (Dy 2 O 3 ) have been prepared by utilizing the conventional melt-quench technique. The prepared glass samples were exposed to 60 Co to check their dosimetric features and kinetic parameters. These features involve glow curves, annealing, fading, reproducibility, minimum detectable dose (MDD), and effective atomic number (Z eff ). Kinetic parameters including the frequency factors and activation energy were also determined using three methods (glow curve analysis, initial rise, and peak shape method) and were thoroughly interpreted. In addition, the incorporation of Dy impurities into LB enhanced the thermoluminescence sensitivity ~170 times. The glow from LB:Dy appeared as a single prominent peak at 190°C. The best annealing proceeding was obtained at 300°C for 30 min. Signal stability was reported for a period of 1 and 3 months with a reduction of 26% and 31%, respectively. The proposed glass samples showed promising dosimeter properties that can be recommended for personal radiation monitoring., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

As a hot topic of global concern, the distinguishing and detecting of antibiotic pollution is crucial owing to its adverse effect on ecosystems and human health stemming from excessive use and poor management. Herein, a water-stable lanthanide coordination polymer sensor (Dy-TCPB) with multiple emitting centers is prepared. The versatile Dy-TCPB can conveniently differentiate various antibiotics, and displays a self-calibration luminescent response to nitrofurazone (NFZ) and furazolidone (FZD). Each antibiotic exhibits notable correlation to a unique combination of the two ligand-to-Dy ion emission intensity ratios, enabling two-dimensional fingerprint recognition. Furthermore, the novel self-calibration sensor demonstrates effective recognition of NFZ and FZD with excellent sensitivity and selectivity, and detection limits as low as 0.0476 and 0.0482 μm for NFZ and FZD, respectively. The synthetic approach for the fabrication of a singular coordination polymer exhibiting multiple emissions provides a promising strategy for the development of facile and effective ratiometric sensors., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

The fabrication and luminescent performance of novel phosphors Na 2 YMg 2 V 3 O 12 :Dy 3+ were investigated by a conventional solid-state reaction method. Under near-UV light, the Na 2 YMg 2 V 3 O 12 host self-activated and released a broad emission band (400-700 nm, with a peak at 524 nm) ascribable to charge transfer in the (VO 4 ) 3- groups. Meanwhile, the Na 2 YMg 2 V 3 O 12 :Dy 3+ phosphors emitted bright yellow light within both the broad emission band of the (VO 4 ) 3- groups and the sharp peaks of the Dy 3+ ions at 490, 582, and 663 nm at a quenching concentration of 0.03 mol. The emission of the as-prepared Na 2 YMg 2 V 3 O 12 :Dy 3+ phosphors remained stable at high temperatures. The obtained phosphors, commercial Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ red phosphors, and BaMgAl 10 O 17 :Eu 2+ blue phosphors were packed into a white light-emitting diode (WLED) device with a near-UV chip. The designed WLED emitted bright white light with good chromaticity coordinates (0.331, 0.361), satisfactory color rendering index (80.2), and proper correlation to a color temperature (7364 K). These results indicate the potential utility of Na 2 YMg 2 V 3 O 12 :Dy 3+ phosphor as a yellow-emitting phosphor in solid-state illumination.

Imaging agents are crucial in diagnosing diseases. Ultrasmall lanthanide oxide (Ln 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles (NPs) (Ln = Eu, Gd, and Dy) are promising materials as high-performance imaging agents because of their excellent magnetic, optical, and X-ray attenuation properties which can be applied as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorescence imaging (FI), and X-ray computed tomography (CT) agents, respectively. Ultrasmall Ln 2 O 3 NPs (Ln = Eu, Gd, and Dy) are reviewed here. The reviewed topics include polyol synthesis, characterization, properties, and biomedical imaging applications of ultrasmall Ln 2 O 3 NPs. Recently published papers were used as bibliographic databases. A polyol method is a simple and efficient one-pot synthesis for preparing ultrasmall Ln 2 O 3 NPs. Ligand-coated ultrasmall Ln 2 O 3 NPs have good colloidal stability, biocompatibility, and renal excretion ability suitable for in vivo imaging applications. Ultrasmall Eu2O3 NPs display photoluminescence in the red region suitable for use as FI agents. Ultrasmall Gd2O3 NPs have r1 values higher than those of commercial molecular contrast agents and r2/r1 ratios close to 1, which make them eligible for use as T1 MRI contrast agents. Ultrasmall Dy2O3 NPs exhibit high r2 and negligible r1 values, which make them suitable for use as T2 MRI contrast agents. All ultrasmall Ln 2 O 3 NPs have high X-ray attenuation powers which make them suitable for use as CT contrast agents. Unmixed, mixed, or doped ultrasmall Ln2O3 NPs with different Ln are extremely useful for in vivo imaging applications in MRI, CT, FI, MRI-CT, MRI-FI, CT-FI, and MRI-CT-FI., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

The thermoluminescence (TL) spectra and dose responses of strontium sulphate doped with rare earth ions show that the SrSO4:Eu2+ phosphor might reasonably be assumed a isoelectronic trap sample which has unique TL characteristics: there is only one obvious glow peak at 385 nm, 489 K in the TL 3D emission spectra and its TL dose response is linear-sublinear. However, there are several elementary glow peaks in the TL 3D emission spectra and their TL dose responses are linear-supralinear for SrSO4:RE3+ (RE = Dy, Tm). These TL peaks occurred from low to high temperature indicate that the traps are distributed in different energy levels. When a suitable amount of other impurities co-doped into these SrSO4:RE3+, such as phosphorus, the relative intensities of these elementary glow peaks are changed significantly, especially the TL peak ~500 K is enhanced while the peaks at lower temperature are suppressed. The enhanced peak of SrSO4:RE3+,P is attributed to the deep traps. Their dose responses remain in nonlinearity when co-doped phosphorus. The above results and the luminescence properties of other sulphate doped rare earths impurities illustrate that the TL characteristics depend on the structure of defect complexes which can be assumed the basic elements in the TL multi-stage processes., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

The objective of this paper is to study the effect of consecutive heating of TL elements of a thermoluminescence dosemeter (TLD) card in hot N2 gas-based TLD badge reader. The effect is studied by theoretical simulations of clamped heating profiles of the discs and resulting TL glow curves. The simulated temperature profile accounts for heat transfer to disc from hot gas as well as radiative and convective heat exchanges between the disc and the surrounding. The glow curves are simulated using 10 component glow peak model for CaSO4:Dy using the simulated temperature profile. The shape of the simulated glow curves and trend in total TL signal of the three discs were observed to match closely with the experimental observations when elevated surrounding temperature was considered for simulation. It is concluded that the readout (heating) of adjacent TLD disc affects the surrounding temperature leading to the changes in temperature profile of the next disc., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

This study reports the preparation of a novel voltammetric platform based on the modification of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and dysprosium oxide (Dy 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles. The electrode material was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction method (XRD). The novel platform (Dy 2 O 3 NPs/MWCNTs/GCE) was applied for the voltammetric determination of sunset yellow (SY) in the presence of tartrazine (TAR). SY was first adsorbed at the surface of Dy 2 O 3 NPs/MWCNTs/GCE by keeping it into a solution of SY for 200 s. Afterwards, the proposed platform was washed with ultrapure water and transferred with the adsorbed species in a voltammetric cell containing only 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Then, the novel platform (Dy 2 O 3 NPs/MWCNTs/GCE) exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity and presented improved voltammetric responses when compared to other electrodes. The novel platform produced an improved anodic peak at 0.705 V and a corresponding cathodic peak at 0.690 V for SY and an irreversible anodic peak at 0.957 V for TAR. When compared to the electrode modified with only MWCNTs, a remarkable increase in current response and a electrocatalytic activity of the proposed platform were observed for SY and TAR at a GCE modified with both MWCNTs and Dy 2 O 3 NPs. A linear relationship was obtained between the current response and the concentration of SY over range of 1.0 × 10 -9  M -  1.4 × 10 -7  M with an LOD of 3.5 × 10 -10  M using square wave voltammetry (SWV). The proposed procedure provided an accurate and a precise quantification to the analysis of food and pharmaceutical samples., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

LiMgBO 3 :Dy 3+ , a low Z eff material was prepared using the solution combustion method and its luminescence properties were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermoluminescence (TL), photoluminescence (PL), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques. Reitvield refinement was also performed for the structural studies. The PL emission spectra for LiMgBO 3 :Dy 3+ consisted of two peaks at 478 due to the 4 F 9/2 → 6 H 15/2 magnetic dipole transition and at 572 nm due to the hypersensitive 4 F 9/2 → 6 H 13/2 electric dipole transition of Dy 3+ , respectively. A TL study was carried out for both the γ-ray-irradiated sample and the C 5+ irradiated samples and was found to show high sensitivity for both. Moreover the γ-ray-irradiated LiMgBO 3 :Dy 3+ sample showed linearity in the dose range 10 Gy to 1 kGy and C 5+ -irradiated samples show linearity in the fluence range 2 × 10 10 to 1 × 10 11 ions/cm 2 . In the present study, the initial rise method, various heating rate method, the whole glow curve method, glow curve convolution deconvolution function, and Chen's peak shape method were used to calculate kinetic parameters to understand the TL glow curve mechanism in detail. Finally, an EPR study was performed to examine the radicals responsible for the TL process., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

A novel imidazolium-dysprosium-based magnetic nanomaterial, i.e. [C 16 mim] 5 [Dy(SCN) 8 ] nanoGUMBOS (nanomaterials fabricated from a group of uniform material based on organic salts), was prepared using a facile method for selective hemoglobin (Hb) isolation. In this nanomaterial, the imidazolium cation serves as a selective Hb affinity group, while dysprosium contributes paramagnetic properties. Through a combination of the advantages of ionic liquids, magnetic adsorbent, and nanoscale solid phase extraction, [C 16 mim] 5 [Dy(SCN) 8 ] nanoGUMBOS exhibit great selectivity toward Hb and a favorable extraction efficiency of 95.4% when 1 mL of 100 μg/mL Hb solution is processed with 0.6 mg of [C 16 mim] 5 [Dy(SCN) 8 ] nanoGUMBOS. As the Hb concentration increased to 800 μg/mL, the adsorption capacity approached ∼840 μg/mg. The adsorbed protein is recovered with an elution efficiency of 87% by using 1% SDS solution. This novel nanoGUMBOS solid-phase extraction procedure was successfully applied to selective isolation of Hb from human whole blood and verified using SDS-PAGE. This simple strategy is a novel approach towards fabrication and use of a nanoadsorbent for selective isolation of proteins., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Dy 3+ -doped CaAl 12 O 19 phosphors were synthesized utilizing a combustion method. Crystal structure and morphological examinations were performed respectively using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques to identify the phase and morphology of the synthesized samples. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) estimations were carried out using the KBr method. Photoluminescence properties (excitation and emission) were recorded at room temperature. CaAl 12 O 19 :Dy 3+ phosphor showed two emission peaks respectively under a 350-nm excitation wavelength, centered at 477 nm and 573 nm. Dipole-dipole interaction via nonradiative energy shifting has been considered as the major cause of concentration quenching when Dy 3+ concentration was more than 3 mol%. The CIE chromaticity coordinates positioned at (0.3185, 0.3580) for the CaAl 12 O 19 :0.03Dy 3+ phosphor had a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 6057 K, which is situated in the cool white area. Existing results point out that the CaAl 12 O 19 :0.03Dy 3+ phosphor could be a favorable candidate for use in white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs)., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

The heterometallic Zn2Dy2 entity bearing partially saturated metal centres covalently decorates a highly ordered amyloid fibril core and the functionalised assembly exhibits catalytic Lewis acid behaviour.

The current study reports a new, simple and fast method using a flake-like dysprosium molybdate (Dy2MoO6; FL-DyM) nanostructured material to detect the antibiotic drug metronidazole (METZ). This nanocomposite material was employed on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to develop the electrode (FL-DyM/GCE). Further, the synthesized FL-DyM was systematically characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDS), elemental mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses. Cyclic (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques were used to study the electrochemical properties. The FL-DyM/GCE-based sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of the drug METZ, which could be attributed to the strong affinity of FL-DyM towards the -NO2 group in METZ, and the good electrocatalytic activity and conductivity of FL-DyM. The fabrication and optimization of the working electrode were accomplished with CV and DPV obtained by scan rate and pH studies. Compared to the bare GCE and other rare-earth metal molybdates, the FL-DyM/GCE sensor displayed a superior electrocatalytic activity response for METZ detection. The sensor demonstrated a good linear relationship over the concentration range of 0.01-2363 μM. The quantification and detection limits were found to be 0.010 μM and 0.0030 μM, respectively. The FL-DyM/GCE sensor displayed excellent selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and stability for the detection of METZ in human urine and commercial METZ tablet samples, which validates the new technique for efficient drug sensing in practical applications.

The study aims to understand the significance of collective rare earth (RE3+) substitutions in ZrO2 structures for biomedical applications. The RE3+ ions namely Yb3+, Dy3+, Tb3+, Gd3+, Eu3+, and Nd3+ were selected and their concentrations were adjusted to obtain three different combinations. The influence of RE3+ on the crystal structure of ZrO2 alongside the absorption, luminescence, mechanical, magnetic, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) properties was explored. The concomitant effect of the average ionic size and RE3+ concentration determines the crystallization behavior of ZrO2 at elevated temperatures. The collective RE3+ substitutions exhibit both up-conversion and down-conversion emissions with their respective excitation at 793 and 350 nm. Nevertheless, increment in the concentration of RE3+ is found to be detrimental to the mechanical stability of ZrO2. The collective characteristics of multiple RE3+ demonstrate the potential of the investigated system in multimodal imaging applications. The unique luminescence characteristics of Eu3+ and Tb3+ are promising for fluorescence imaging while the presence of Dy3+, Tb3+, Gd3+ and Nd3+ unveils a paramagnetic response required for MRI. In addition, Dy3+ and Yb3+ contribute to the high X-ray absorption coefficient values suitable for X-ray CT imaging.

In this paper, we have used HDTMA-Br- and NaOH-treated bark powder of Mangifera indica as bio-sorbents for the removal of dysprosium (III) from its aqueous solution. The adsorption process was investigated at different experimental parameters such as contact time, temperature, pH, adsorbent dose, and initial metal concentration. The amount of chemically modified bark powder required was almost two times lesser than raw bark to get a higher percentage removal of the metal ion. The kinetics results revealed the adsorption process follows the nonlinear form a pseudo-second-order model. The negative values of Gibbs free energy change (∆G°) indicated the spontaneity of the adsorption process. The enthalpy change (∆H°) and entropy change (∆S°) of adsorption were 60.97 kJ/mol and 0.48 J/mol K, respectively signified it as an endothermic process. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 55.04 mg/g for sorption of Dy (III) on NaOH-treated bark powder and was better fitted to Langmuier model. It was confirmed to follow physisorption process and the activation energy of the system was found to be 41.07 kJ/mol. The possibility of adsorbent and adsorbate interactions were indicated by the FTIR and SEM/EDX analysis.

Two mononuclear dysprosium complexes (Et 3 NH)[Dy(BrMQ) 4 ]·H 2 O·DMF(BrMQ-Dy) and (Et 3 NH)[Dy(ClMQ) 4 ]·H 2 O·DMF (ClMQ-Dy) (H-BrMQ = 5,7-dibromo-2-methyl-8-quinolinol, H-ClMQ = 5,7-dichloro-2-methyl-8-quinolinol) were synthesized and characterized. The Dy(III) ions in complexes BrMQ-Dy and ClMQ-Dy have a pseudo-D 4d local symmetry. Magnetic characterizations reveal that complex BrMQ-Dy is a single-ion magnet and complex ClMQ-Dy exhibits field-induced slow magnetic relaxation behaviors. The calculated effective barriers of BrMQ-Dy, BrMQ-Dy a , ClMQ-Dy, and ClMQ-Dy a are 47.8, 27.3, 96.0, and 65.5 cm -1 , respectively (BrMQ-Dy a and ClMQ-Dy a represent the desolvated samples of BrMQ-Dy and ClMQ-Dy, respectively). Ab initio calculations confirmed that coordination symmetry of the Dy(III) ions, electron-withdrawing ligands, and the guest molecules is a key factor affecting the magnetic dynamics of the two complexes. The IC 50 values of BrMQ-Dy and ClMQ-Dy against BEL-7404, HeLa, and Hep-G2 cancer cells were 1.01-22.06 μM. Interestingly, two Dy(III) complexes were less toxic to normal HL-7702 cells. BrMQ-Dy and ClMQ-Dy significantly induced cell arrest at G2 phase and down-regulated the G2 phase-related protein levels. Various experiments suggested that BrMQ-Dy and ClMQ-Dy also caused dysfunction of mitochondrial pathways in HeLa cells. Taken together, the different in vitro anticancer activity of complexes BrMQ-Dy and ClMQ-Dy in the order of 5,7-dichloro substitution > 5,7-dibromo substitution.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to develop a fast MR fingerprinting (MRF) method for simultaneous T 1 and T 2 mapping in DCE-MRI studies in mice., Methods: The MRF sequences based on balanced SSFP and fast imaging with steady-state precession were implemented and evaluated on a 7T preclinical scanner. The readout used a zeroth-moment-compensated variable-density spiral trajectory that fully sampled the entire k-space and the inner 10 × 10 k-space with 48 and 4 interleaves, respectively. In vitro and in vivo studies of mouse brain were performed to evaluate the accuracy of MRF measurements with both fully sampled and undersampled data. The application of MRF to dynamic T 1 and T 2 mapping in DCE-MRI studies were demonstrated in a mouse model of heterotopic glioblastoma using gadolinium-based and dysprosium-based contrast agents., Results: The T 1 and T 2 measurements in phantom showed strong agreement between the MRF and the conventional methods. The MRF with spiral encoding allowed up to 8-fold undersampling without loss of measurement accuracy. This enabled simultaneous T 1 and T 2 mapping with 2-minute temporal resolution in DCE-MRI studies., Conclusion: Magnetic resonance fingerprinting provides the opportunity for dynamic quantification of contrast agent distribution in preclinical tumor models on high-field MRI scanners., (© 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.)