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Safety is a growing concern in all sports, with the equestrian sector statistically more dangerous than most. Point Two USA hopes to make horse riding and competition a safer sport for all ages, riding levels, and disciplines with its innovative air vests, which use an inflatable air bag similar to those required in modern automobiles. Air vests are used to reduce the severity and frequency of injuries; however, no technology or equipment can eliminate all injuries associated with horse riding. After a strong entry in the United Kingdom in 2009, Point Two needs to formulate a comprehensive marketing plan for the larger U.S. market to expand its customer base to anyone getting on a horse who desires a safer ride. Its U.S. subsidiary has been primarily marketing with the same approaches used in the United Kingdom, heavily targeting English saddle riders in specific riding disciplines, such as eventing and dressage, both amateur and professional. The challenge for Point Two is how it can make headway in more mainstream riding markets, including recreation or pleasure riders, novice riders, and those who ride using Western saddles, which is very popular in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study carried out by light and electron microscopy of the behaviour of different tendons when subjected to lateral stretching and longitudinal splitting.Tendons like the FDS are more resistant to lateral stretching and show greater shredding. The structure of the tendon shows criss-crossing of the fibrils, necessary to stand up to the greater stress to which the tendon is normally exposed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Many materials are presently used for repair of tympanic membrane defects. Since the microscopic organization of these tissues may play a role with respect to the suitability of replacement of one with the other, a comparative electron microscopic study of temporalis fascia, fresh and preserved amniotic membrane was undertaken. An effort was made to determine the similarities and differences of these tissues and our clinical experience with their use is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A patient with lepromatous leprosy developed keloids on the dorsum of both arms in response to ulcerations due to acute erythema nodosum leprosum reactions. Electron microscopic examination of the keloidal dermis showed a morphology indicative of increased production of normal collagen fibrils. The greatest cellular changes from normal were in fibroblasts which were enlarged due to increased amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum and extensive Golgi complexes. Nuclear folds were also evident in these fibroblasts. Some cells, considered to be fibroblasts, were filled with cytoplasmic filaments and contained bizarre shaped nuclei. Mast cells, blood vessels and nerve processes were also present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]