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Context: Root-end filling materials enhance the apical sealing ability of the root canal to avoid leakage of irritants and to prevent the reentering of microorganisms. Aim: The objective of the present study was to compare and evaluate apical microleakage in retrograde filling materials with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and Bio-C Repair using an ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectrophotometer. Materials and Methods: Fifty maxillary incisors were selected and decoronated. Instrumentation was done with ProTaper rotary files and obturated with AH Plus sealer and ProTaper gutta-percha cone using lateral condensation technique. The apical part of each root was resected at 90° to the long axis of the root for 3 mm, and retrograde cavity preparation was done up to 3 mm using an ultrasonic retro tip. After conditioning the root end with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, the teeth were divided into four groups. Group 1 = Positive Control (n = 5), Group 2 was filled with MTA (n = 15), Group 3 was filled with Biodentine (n = 15), and Group 4 was filled with Bio-C Repair (n = 15). All samples were incubated in 5 mL of 2% methylene blue dye for 72 h after which teeth were immersed in 65% nitric acid for 72 h. The solutions were then filtered using fine grit filter paper and centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 5 min. The solution thus collected was used to determine absorbency in UV–visible spectrophotometer at 550 nm. Statistical Analysis: The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests. P <0.05 was considered significant for all analyses. Results: The results showed that Biodentine had the least dye absorbance, which means less microleakage, and there was no significant difference between MTA and Bio-C Repair. Conclusion: Biodentine showed superior sealing ability as a retrograde filling material compared to Bio-C Repair and MTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: One of the undesirable characteristics of dental composite resin is the polymerization shrinkage and the associated microleakage. The snowplow technique of placement and the preheating of the composite resins are methods to minimize microleakage. Aim: The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate microleakage in Class II cavities restored with snowplow technique using either preheated packable or flowable bulk-fill composite resin. Methodology: Fifty sound first molars were selected. Class II mesio-occlusal box preparations were made. The test specimens were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1: Tetric N-Flow Bulk Fill and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill co-cured in snowplow technique. Group 2: Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill preheated to 60°C and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill co-cured in snowplow technique. Restored teeth were processed for dye extraction. Statistical Analysis: Mann–Whitney U -test was applied to compare the microleakage between the groups. Results: Results indicate that specimens in Group 2 showed lower microleakage (median 0.041750) when compared to specimens in Group 1 (median 0.059400). Conclusion: The results imply that the preheated packable bulk-fill composite resin showed less microleakage as compared to flowable composite while restoring Class II cavities by the snowplow technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaranth is a red colored crop planted as alternative food source. The use of red dye from Amaranth as food colorant and other applications is well described in literature. In contrast, the application of Amaranth for textile dyeing purposes is less described. For this, the actual paper reports an extraction process from Amaranth and the application on textile fabrics. Different mordanting processes are considered. As well the fluorescent properties of Amaranth extract are determined but a transfer of fluorescence properties on the dyed fabrics is not observed. In respect to realized color intensity, the use of iron sulphate based mordant is superior compared to alum based mordant or dyeing without mordanting. However, the red coloration of Amaranth turns into brown and greyish coloration after application onto the fabric. Suitable washing and rubbing fastness are reached. Finally, it can be stated that textile dyeing with aqueous extract from Amaranth is possible but due to the change of the attractive red coloration into brownish color shades during dyeing process, the use in textile coloration is obviously limited

This study employed soxhlet and ultrasonic methods to extract novel natural dyes from Rhamnus tinctoria seed, Rubia fruticosa fruits, and Pinus pinea bark, which were then used as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). XRD data showed that TiO2 in the photoanode layer was in the anatase phase. The produced DSSCs were assessed for photovoltaic performance and electrochemical charge transfer while sensitizing dyes were characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy and FTIR. Natural dyes leached with different extraction methods showed different absorption behaviors in the UV–vis region. FTIR results revealed the presence of both carbonyl and hydroxyl groups, which enhanced the interaction between the extracted dyes and the TiO2 thin film. All cells using sensitizers obtained by the Soxhlet method showed higher efficiency compared to the ultrasonic method. The highest cell performance (ɳ = 0.47%) was obtained with 0.71 V Voc, 0.92 mA/cm2 Jsc, and 0.72 FF for the sensitizer extracted from Rhamnus tinctoria seeds by the soxhlet method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the influence of different factors on extraction efficiency of natural dye safflower yellow was analyzed by water extraction method, and the extraction process was optimized by response surface method. Then, the stability of safflower yellow pigment was studied with absorbance of extract as test index. The results show that the optimal extraction process of saffflower yellow was as follows; dye liquid ratio 1 :25, extraction temperature 60 °C, extraction time 60 min. Safflower yellow pigment is more stable under acidic conditions, but its solubility decreases under alkaline environment; It is stable below 70 °C, and begins to decompose when the temperature exceeds 90 °C . Cu2+ and Fe2+ can change the stability of safflower yellow pigment, while Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+ and La3+ have little effect on the stability of safflower yellow pigment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tropical forests provide a development opportunity for communities that subsist on small crop value chains. Annatto and açai are exotic fruits used as a source of natural dyes and high-calorie beverages, respectively. However, the processing of these fruits generates considerable residues that have a negative environmental impact and can be used for biofuel production. This work elucidates valorization schemes of annatto and açai in integrated raw material systems to improve the value chains of tropical forest fruits. The economic and environmental pre-feasibility for producing annatto dye, açai powder, and biogas was evaluated through experimental and simulation data. As the main results, it was obtained that the extraction of dye by abrasion shows to be a methodology with high carotenoid content. Additionally, freeze-drying improves the antioxidant activity and the content of polyphenols and anthocyanins on açai pulps. The processing residues of both fruits were used as the substrate for anaerobic digestion purposes and as a low-cost valorization alternative, showing the best biogas yields for the exhausted annatto seed. The experimental results were fed to the simulation of small-scale processing schemes based on exotic fruits. The main results demonstrated that working in batch six-monthly schemes allows for obtaining economic feasibility based on fruit production lower than the national scale. Although freeze-drying is an expensive process, the production of açai fruit powder is the most cost-effective scenario. From an environmental perspective, the disposal of digestate as waste drastically affects the environmental analysis. However, for the five environmental indices analyzed, producing açai powder, biogas, and digestate valorization as fertilizer is the scenario with the lowest environmental impact. Finally, the results were analyzed regarding the impact on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the region. This work demonstrated that small-scale schemes based on the processing of tropical forest fruits improve the regional agribusiness performance by strengthening the value chain considering economic, environmental, and social issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on effective natural colorants extraction from onion (Allium cepa L.) peel and applying the extracted dye on 100% organic cotton fabric assisted by ultrasonication (US) technique. Three techniques, pre-mordanting, simultaneous mordanting, and post-mordanting, were employed, using lemon juice as a mordant to assist the dye material for steady penetration and fixation into the pre-treated organic cotton fabric. The ISO standards were maintained in color fastness tests to compare the stability of dyed samples. Fastness properties showed moderate to good color change and staining for the post-mordanted sample. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy evidenced potential binding sites having stretched N–H and C–O vibration of alcohols, esters, ethers, carboxylic acids, anhydrides, and medium C–N stretching at 3330 cm−1 and 1028 cm−1, respectively. Within the visible range of 400–700 nm, the spectrophotometer test was carried out to obtain CIELAB and CIELCH color coordinates (CIE L*, a*, b*, C*, h*), color strength (K/S) values to ensure dye fixation together with after-dyeing behavior. The pre-mordanted sample showed comparatively better color strength (K/S) which was 2.6, and the post-mordanted sample showed better color fastness properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Advanced Textile Technology is the property of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Magazines and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A modeling approach was utilized to achieve efficient operational conditions for Alizarin removal from synthetic wastewater in a T‐type micromixer. Besides experimental work, the neuro‐fuzzy system and artificial neural network techniques were utilized for this purpose. Input parameters were the pH, the initial Alizarin concentration in the feed, the extractant volume percentage in the organic phase, and the fluid flow rate. Based on the obtained results, both models have high precision. However, the accuracy of the neural network for estimating the extraction percentage is higher compared to that of the neuro‐fuzzy model. The optimal values of the operating parameters were determined by the genetic algorithm technique and the extraction percentage value was obtained as about 99.4 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greater importance should be attributed to finding environmentally friendly processes that are particularly suitable for the textile industry. In this work, we exploit the plant (Reseda luteola L.) for the extract of a natural yellow dye, using the tannic bark of Acacia mearnsii as a bio-mordant to ensure sustainable dyeing of wool fabrics. Four important extract parameters were optimized: hydroethanolic extract, pH = 7, 80 °C temperature, and a short duration of nearly 30 min as time of extraction. The pigment's chromatographic profile shows that 7-O-glucoside luteolin is the most dominant flavonoid in the extract. The extract shows good thermal stability up to 90 °C and pH stability under acid and neutral conditions. Then, the dyeing conditions were optimized in terms of color strength (K/S) values to produce textile shades with acceptable colorimetric characteristics of (K/S = 23.2). Pre-mordanting with alternative bio-mordant (alum stone and Acacia mearnsii tannin) improved the overall absorption of dyes into the fabric, producing a range of colors from pale yellow to dark brown, and showing strong resistance to washing and wet and dry rubbing. In addition to its good dyeing property, the fiber dyed with 100% of the extract shows antibacterial effect against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, so it can be used in future applications to produce antimicrobial textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It has been established that several filling techniques can affect apical leakage, which is responsible for 59% of endodontic failures. The primary goal of endodontic therapy is to create a tight seal that aids in repairing the periapical tissues, prevents apical periodontitis, and shields against root canal infection. The study aims to compare the apical sealing ability of epoxy resin based sealer (AH plus), which is an epoxy-resin-based root canal sealer, GuttaFlow 2, which is a silicone-based root canal sealer, GuttaFlow bioseal is a bioactive glass-based root canal sealer, TotalFill HiFlow bioceramic (BC) sealer is a silicate-based root canal sealer (bioceramic sealer) using a single cone technique by spectrophotometric analysis. Methods: This study chose 64 maxillary first molars with a straight palatal root. Following palatal roots sectioning to 11 mm from the root apex, the canals were instrumented up to size X4 using Protaper Next. They were separated into four experimental groups (n = 15) per each group based on the kind of sealer utilized, Group I: AH plus, Group II: GuttaFlow 2, Group III: GuttaFlow bioseal, Group IV: TotalFill BC HiFlow, and two control groups (n =2 for each). After completing obturation, the dye extraction technique was used to evaluate apical leakage. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the optical density of the solution after all the dyes were liberated from the interfacial regions. Result: A statistically non-significant difference between the investigated root canal sealers in apical microleakage P > 0.05 was noted. The highest mean values were observed in group IV (0.08046), group I(0.07731), and group II(0.06209), while the lowest mean value in group III (0.05719) Conclusions: All types of sealers used in this investigation showed various amounts of microleakage. None of the sealants could completely close the apical foramen to provide a fluid-tight seal.

This study's main purpose is to investigate the effect of the channel inlet angle on extraction efficiency. Also, the potential of microfluidic polymer/salt aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) for removing methyl orange (MO) dye has been investigated. The simultaneous influence of independent factors including channel inlet angle, initial dye concentration, flow rate, and pH on the extraction efficiency of MO were investigated. The channel inlet angles of 30°, 60°, and 90° were evaluated. By increasing the inlet angle from 30° to 60°, the extraction efficiency increased from 52.76 to 72.80% at the optimum point. The values obtained at the optimum point were in good agreement with the design equations' predicted values. At the optimal point, a suitable angle of 60°, an initial concentration of 113.4 mg/L, a flow rate of 1 mL/h, and pH=7 were obtained, which according to the predicted equation, the efficiency reaches 73.27%. In microchannels with a channel inlet angle of 60°, due to having a suitable ratio of top and bottom phases in the outlet of the microchannel and also due to the proper contact of the two phases in the channel inlet (the highest mass transfer section), mass transfer rate and extraction efficiency were increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study focused on the extraction of biologically active compounds in the form of eco-friendly dyes from dried chamomile flower (CF) powder using three different solvents, as well as the development of an approach to the simultaneous dyeing and finishing of cationized cotton fabrics, a process which can impart multifunctional properties. These extracted dyes were successfully used as reducing and stabilizing agents in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which functionalized both the dye and the fabric. This green, value-added dyeing approach is needed for the production of biomedical textiles, especially in the healthcare sector. Our results revealed that the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were significantly higher in dyes extracted using ethanol and methanol than those extracted using an aqueous solution. Furthermore, cotton fabrics dyed with these three dyes exhibited a wide range of colors with good washing fastness, excellent UV protection, and antioxidant properties. The simultaneous dyeing and finishing of cotton fabrics via the in situ green synthesis CF extracts/AgNPs dyes enhanced the K/S values and the antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity of the fabrics while still providing adequate UV protection. This process also improved the washing fastness and durability, which is important for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of natural dyes is increasing each year due to their environmental friendliness and easy application on cellulose fibers. In this study, the natural dye from the Mexican marigold flower was extracted using a Soxhlet extraction apparatus. The extracted natural dye was applied on lyocell fabric with five different metallic salts using pre-mordanting and post-mordanting methods. It was observed that different color shade depth was achieved with different fixing agents. The color shade depth (K/S) washing fastness, light fastness, rubbing fastness, perspiration, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) test results of all dyed samples were excellent in both pre- and post-mordanting methods. There was no significant difference in the results between post- and pre-mordanting fixation methods. However, the results showed that mordant ferrous sulfate had higher K/S value as compared to all other mordants. The dye extracted from marigold flower showed good dyeing efficiency with mordant to excellent colorfastness tests. FTIR results showed that there was no structural change in lyocell fabrics, before and after dyeing processes. Thus, a natural dye extracted from marigold flower has shown good colorfastness properties without damaging its fiber structure.

Islam Ali Abdel Raheem,1 Amro Abdul Razek,1 Abeer Abdelaziz Elgendy,1 Doaa Ahmed Labah,2 Noha Mohamed Saleh3 1Endodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; 2Oral Biology and Dental Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; 3Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptCorrespondence: Noha Mohamed Saleh Email nunu_ramy@yahoo.comBackground: Successful endodontic therapy is mainly governed by the satisfactory sealing ability of the applied root canal sealer. Also, tolerability of root canal structure to accommodate the presence of a sealer participates in the efficiency of the treatment. Hence, this study was aimed to extrapolate our previous one that was concerned with the preparation and evaluation of novel nature-based root canal sealers. Our current work is focused on the evaluation of sealing ability and in vivo biocompatibility.Materials and Methods: Egyptian propolis was extracted (ProE) and encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles (ProE-loaded NPs). Two root sealers, PE sealer and PE nanosealer, were fabricated by incorporating ProE and ProE-loaded NPs, respectively. The sealing ability of the developed sealers was tested by a dye extraction method. An in vivo biocompatibility study was conducted using a subcutaneous implantation method for two and four weeks. At the same time, a model sealer (AH Plus®) was subjected to the same procedures to enable accurate and equitable results.Results: The teeth treated with PE sealer exhibited weak sealing ability which did not differ from that of unfilled teeth. PE nanosealer enhanced the sealing ability similarly to the model sealer with minimal apical microleakage. Studying in vivo biocompatibility indicated the capability of the three tested sealers to induce cell proliferation and tissue healing. However, PE nanosealer had superior biocompatibility, with higher potential for cell regeneration and tissue proliferation.Conclusion: PE nanosealer can be presented as an innovative root canal sealer, with enhanced sealing ability as well as in vivo biocompatibility. It can be applied as a substitute for the currently available sealers that demonstrate hazardous effects.Keywords: propolis, nanoparticles, root sealer, sealing ability, dye extraction, biocompatibility, subcutaneous implantation

The study of different possible biomass valorization routes is crucial in order to diversify phytomanagement options, allowing the landowner/stakeholder to choose the best option based on site characteristics and the benefits of local value chains. In the current study, field and laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the suitabilitity of Malva sylvestris L. for the phytoattenuation of a dredged sediment disposal site contaminated with trace elements (trace element (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn). The selected crop was Malva sylvestris, a flowering plant from which a colourant can be extracted to be used in dying of textiles as a way to valorize the produced biomass grown on this contaminated land. Under the conditions of the investigated site, the analysis of TE in the sediment and the biomass matrix showed no effect of M. sylvestris on the sediment TE contamination mobility with an excluder phenotype (Bioconcentration factor < 1). Metal concentrations were found to be the highest in the leaves followed by in the stem and flower. The dye extract obtained from the flower part of M. sylvestris permitted the silk alum-pretreated fabric to be dyed yellow, and the TE concentration in the dyed textile fabrics respected the threshold values set by OEKO-Tex standard 100. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compatibility rating of any two natural dyes applied together for obtaining compound shade has been determined. The natural dyes selected for compatibility study are, babool (BL), pomegranate rind (PR), madder or manjistha (MJ), red sandal wood (RSW), tesu flower (TF) and catechu (CT) based on their maximum commercial use. The dyes have been extracted in aqueous medium under optimized conditions and their binary mixtures in different proportions are used to dye cotton khadi fabric for developing varying compound shades on 15% overall concentration of myrobolan (harda) and aluminium sulphate (75:25) in sequence double pre-mordanted cotton khadi fabric. After dyeing with binary mixtures of natural dyes, dyed cotton fabric samples are subjected to evaluation of K/S, colour differences (ΔE), colour difference index (CDI) values; changes in hue /chroma, brightness index (BI), metamerism index (MI) etc; and also colour fastness to washing, light, rubbing and perspiration. The compatibility of these binary pairs of natural dyes has been assessed conventionally (Δc vs ΔL and K/S vs ΔL), as well as using an unique and simple novel method of compatibility test applied for assessing relative compatibility rating (RCR) of each binary pairs of natural dyes, by evaluating colour difference index [(ΔE x ΔH) / (ΔC x MI)] for application of different proportion of two dyes in each binary pair. The results of this novel simple method are found mostly in well agreement with the findings of compatibility test by conventional methods. Finally, the order of relative degree of compatibility of these binary pairs of natural dyes is found to be BL: MJ > BL: RSW > BL: CT > BL: PR > BL: TF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the sealing ability of three different materials mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Plus, bone cement, and calcium sulfate with self-etch adhesive (SEA) for the repair of furcal perforation, using dye extraction method. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight extracted human permanent first and second molars were included and randomly divided into four groups: Group 1, n = 12, negative control, perforation not repaired with any material, Group 2, n = 12, perforation repair material used, MTA Plus, Group 3, n = 12, perforation repair material used, calcium sulfate with SEA, Group 4, n = 12, perforation repair material used, bone cement. The teeth were then coated with two coats of clear nail varnish immersed in methylene blue dye for 24 h, kept in 65% concentrated nitric acid for 3 days. Dye leakage was measured with the dye extraction method using a spectrophotometer at 550 nm. Results: The negative control showed the highest mean values of dye absorbance (1.45). Bone cement (0.94) came second. Calcium sulfate with SEA (0.58) and MTA Plus (0.32) had no significant difference in their dye absorbance values. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, MTA Plus showed the least microleakage followed by calcium sulfate with SEA which has shown promising results and can be used as an alternative followed by bone cement which showed the highest microleakage.

The aim of our study is to develop a one-step procedure to remove and degrade dyes from wastewater using a low-cost and efficient system based on aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), a well-known technique used to concentrate and recover enzymes. We investigated the catalytic proprieties of rice bran peroxidase (RBP) and found that this homemade enzyme can remain bound to its substrate for up to 5 days in controlled environments, without denaturing and while maintaining stable oxidation reduction potential (ORP) and pH. This biomolecule showed affinity for the ATPS technique prepared with polyethylene glycol and salt, which improved the relative activity up to 170%. The red dye separation in ATPS top phase was achieved in 3 min, in the RBP presence, with 100% of efficiency, and color removal of 87% was obtained in 24 h of enzymatic reaction. The process has promise to be scaled up to 10-fold and to reuse the reagents from the bottom phase of the ATPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of corrosion products on the microleakage of composite placed adjacent to nondiscolored dentin after amalgam removal. Method and Materials: Sixty Class 2 cavities were prepared on extracted premolars, which were divided into four equal groups according to the manner in which they were restored: group 1, light-cured packable composite (Elite LS) to establish a microleakage baseline; group 2, a high-copper amalgam (World Work) previously stored in 37°C normal saline for 6 months to create amalgam corrosion products; group 3, identical to group 2, but the amalgam was later replaced with composite, leaving the cavity walls intact; and group 4, identical to group 3 except the cavity walls were extended 0.5 mm after amalgam removal prior to insertion of the composite. Groups 1, 3, and 4 were kept in a 37°C normal saline for 1 week. Ten specimens from each of these three groups were randomly selected for dye-extraction testing, while dentin elemental microanalysis of five specimens from all four experimental groups was also conducted. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Tukey tests (α = .05). Results: Corrosion products were not detected in group 4, and no statistically significant difference (P > .05) in microleakage was found between this group and group 1. The highest dye absorbance was associated with group 3 (P < .05). Conclusion: After amalgam removal, a 0.5-mm extension of the cavity walls could improve the dentinal marginal seal to replicate that of an initial composite restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare and to evaluate sealing ability of newly introduced C-point system, cold lateral condensation, and thermoplasticized gutta-percha obturating technique using a dye extraction method. Materials and Methodology: Sixty extracted maxillary central incisors were decoronated below the cementoenamel junction. Working length was established, and biomechanical preparation was done using K3 rotary files with standard irrigation protocol. Teeth were divided into three groups according to the obturation protocol; Group I-Cold lateral condensation, Group II-Thermoplasticized gutta-percha, and Group III-C-Point obturating system. After obturation all samples were subjected to microleakage assessment using dye extraction method. Obtained scores will be statistical analyzed using ANOVA test and post hoc Tukey's test. Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed that there is significant difference among the three groups with P value (0.000 < 0.05). Tukey's HSD post hoc tests for multiple comparisons test shows that the Group II and III perform significantly better than Group I. Group III performs better than Group II with no significant difference. Conclusion: All the obturating technique showed some degree of microleakage. Root canals filled with C-point system showed least microleakage followed by thermoplasticized obturating technique with no significant difference among them. C-point obturation system could be an alternative to the cold lateral condensation technique.

The study of different possible biomass valorization routes is crucial in order to diversify phytomanagement options, allowing the landowner/stakeholder to choose the best option based on site characteristics and the benefits of local value chains. In the current study, field and laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the suitabilitity of Malva sylvestris L. for the phytoattenuation of a dredged sediment disposal site contaminated with trace elements (trace element (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn). The selected crop was Malva sylvestris, a flowering plant from which a colourant can be extracted to be used in dying of textiles as a way to valorize the produced biomass grown on this contaminated land. Under the conditions of the investigated site, the analysis of TE in the sediment and the biomass matrix showed no effect of M. sylvestris on the sediment TE contamination mobility with an excluder phenotype (Bioconcentration factor < 1). Metal concentrations were found to be the highest in the leaves followed by in the stem and flower. The dye extract obtained from the flower part of M. sylvestris permitted the silk alum-pretreated fabric to be dyed yellow, and the TE concentration in the dyed textile fabrics respected the threshold values set by OEKO-Tex standard 100.

Summary: In this study, an efficient extraction of natural dyes from three plants such as Cytisus, Alcea rosea, and Roselle was carried out by solid‐liquid extraction method. Extraction conditions were optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Temperature, time, and solvent ratio of extractions were the variables, and absorption intensities in maximum wavelength of extracted samples were the response of experiments. Optimum extraction conditions for the Cytisus, A rosea, and Roselle flowers were at 55°C in 60 minutes, 44°C in 40 minutes, and 54°C in 32 minutes, respectively. Also, the best solvent for extraction of dyes was pure ethanol and pure water, respectively, for the Cytisus, A rosea, and Rosell. Moreover, results of the study showed that absorption intensities of the Cytisus, A rosea, and Roselle were equal to 1.182 at 400 nm, 1.532 at 540 nm, and 1.932 at 520 nm, respectively. To fabricate solar cells, anode electrode was coated by a thin layer of TiO2. The surface morphology of TiO2 film investigated by SEM and AFM showed a suitable homogeneity of TiO2 film without crack with an average particle size of 25 to 30 nm. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images demonstrated that the average roughness of TiO2 thin film is about 205 nm, while the surface roughnesses of anodes was equal to 154, 101, and 119 nm after applying the Cytisus, Roselle, and A rosea on TiO2 film, respectively. Fabricated solar cells were characterized by photovoltaic and IPCE tests. Results represented that fabricated solar cells synthesized by extracted dye from Roselle had the best performance compared with other cells. The efficiency of this cell was equal to 0.842%, with an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.644, a short‐circuit current (Jsc) of 1.912, a fill factor (FF) of 0.683, and an incident photon‐to‐current efficiency (IPCE) of 18.943%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to extract dyes from the skin of the mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana Linn) and utilize them in the manufacture of cosmetics, especially lip color preparations. Materials and Methods: The research included material collection and plant determination, dye extraction and phytochemical screening, physical stability test of mangosteen peel extract, lipstick formulation with extracts of mangosteen peel various concentrations, physical stability test of lipstick preparations made, safety tests, hedonic tests for preparations made, and statistical data analysis. Results: The separation of mangosteen rind pigment produced a thick extract of dyes of 15.52% w/w. Phytochemical screening resulted that G. mangostana peel extract showed the absence of quinone and steroid compounds. Mangosteen rind extract was quite stable at temperature of 10-50°C, but not in the temperature range between 60°C and 80°C. Storage evaluation for 56 days, pH, and color (by thin-layer chromatography) was stable, observation of fungal growth, the exit of rough gains, or liquid during storage time did not occur. Lip color formula with various concentrations of mangosteen rind (10, 15, and 20%) was safe to be used. Conclusion: Based on the hedonic test, lip color formula containing various concentrations of mangosteen rind color (10, 15, and 20%) was quite preferred by consumers. And among the three, the most preferred formula was formula 3, which was lip color with the addition of a dye concentration of 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural dye was extracted from the bark of Carea arborea and applied on cotton and silk fabrics using different mordants to investigate various dyeing characteristics. Color co-ordinates and fastness properties were also evaluated with and without mordants. The best dye-uptake in cotton and silk fabrics were obtained when pH was 8 and 4, respectively and temperature was 95 °C for 1 hour. Mordanted samples exhibited excellent color properties. Different colors such as beige, tan, brown, dusky brown and reddish brown could be obtained using various kinds of mordants. Extracted dye was tested for some eco-parameters using AAS and GC/MS. The test results were compared with standards which showed that their concentrations were much below the stipulated limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the sealing ability of three different materials mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Plus, bone cement, and calcium sulfate with self-etch adhesive (SEA) for the repair of furcal perforation, using dye extraction method.Materials and Methods: Forty-eight extracted human permanent first and second molars were included and randomly divided into four groups: Group 1, n = 12, negative control, perforation not repaired with any material, Group 2, n = 12, perforation repair material used, MTA Plus, Group 3, n = 12, perforation repair material used, calcium sulfate with SEA, Group 4, n = 12, perforation repair material used, bone cement. The teeth were then coated with two coats of clear nail varnish immersed in methylene blue dye for 24 h, kept in 65% concentrated nitric acid for 3 days. Dye leakage was measured with the dye extraction method using a spectrophotometer at 550 nm.Results: The negative control showed the highest mean values of dye absorbance (1.45). Bone cement (0.94) came second. Calcium sulfate with SEA (0.58) and MTA Plus (0.32) had no significant difference in their dye absorbance values.Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, MTA Plus showed the least microleakage followed by calcium sulfate with SEA which has shown promising results and can be used as an alternative followed by bone cement which showed the highest microleakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) universally exists in all living organisms and holds a paramount role as a fundamental energy molecule in daily life. The abnormal concentration of ATP is closely related to many diseases, making the highly efficient detection of ATP very urgent. In this study, a dual-mode sensing system was developed to detect ATP sensitively and selectively via both DPV and fluorescence (FL) techniques, based on the strong interaction of ATP and Zn (II) nodes of zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90). The disassembly of ZIF-90 further induced the subsequent release of pre-loaded rhodamine B (RhB). Benefitting from the robust host-guest recognition of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) towards RhB, an enzyme-free and highly specific DPV detection strategy was established with the linear detecting range of 10.0–1.0 × 108 pM and the limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.13 pM. Meanwhile, the FL sensing mode based on RhB exhibits comparable sensing performance with the linearity range of 10.0–1.0 × 107 pM and the LOD of 0.29 pM. Furthermore, the enzyme-free ATP sensing system exhibit outstanding long-term storage stability. The two-mode sensing platform was successfully applied to detect the ATP in human serum samples with the yielded result highly agree with the results of commercial ELISA kits. This dual-mode sensing platform is inspiring and paves the road for developing high-performance biosensor, demonstrating enormous potential for vitro diagnosis and practice clinic. [Display omitted] • Signal probes releasing from ZIF-90 is derived by target ATP. • Sensing mechanism is dominated by a specific host-guest interaction. • Two detection methods ensure high detection sensitivity and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spontaneous flora offers a wide variety of plants with different types of tinctures, which can be used to obtain pleasing, harmonious, non-reproducible, wash-resistant and light-resistant colors. In each plant we find one or more pigments, from roots, grains, stems, twigs, flowers, fruits or wood. The colorant is extracted using various methods, from fresh or dried plants. The natural dye is fixed on the fibers by treating in different phases of the dyeing process with a mordant, resulting in a "resistant" and insoluble "varnish". During millenia, the human eye has discovered, through an empirical work. other means of dyeing textiles, finding natural sources of dyeing materials in plants, molluscs and insects. Painting natural fiber textiles with plant-based dyes is not complicated but requires patience in obtaining dye, patience that is rewarded with a variety of vivid, warm, persistent, incomparable palette of colors that are in harmony with each other! [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare and to evaluate sealing ability of newly introduced C-point system, cold lateral condensation, and thermoplasticized gutta-percha obturating technique using a dye extraction method. Materials and Methodology: Sixty extracted maxillary central incisors were decoronated below the cementoenamel junction. Working length was established, and biomechanical preparation was done using K3 rotary files with standard irrigation protocol. Teeth were divided into three groups according to the obturation protocol; Group I-Cold lateral condensation, Group II-Thermoplasticized gutta-percha, and Group III-C-Point obturating system. After obturation all samples were subjected to microleakage assessment using dye extraction method. Obtained scores will be statistical analyzed using ANOVA test and post hoc Tukey's test. Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed that there is significant difference among the three groups with P value (0.000 < 0.05). Tukey's HSD post hoc tests for multiple comparisons test shows that the Group II and III perform significantly better than Group I. Group III performs better than Group II with no significant difference. Conclusion: All the obturating technique showed some degree of microleakage. Root canals filled with C-point system showed least microleakage followed by thermoplasticized obturating technique with no significant difference among them. C-point obturation system could be an alternative to the cold lateral condensation technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An amphiphilic dodecyl-modified hyperbranched polyglycerol (DSHPG) with the core–shell structure and good solubility inn-hexane is prepared through “thiol-ene” reaction. The concentration of dye or DSHPG, temperature, contacting time, and molecular weight of DSHPG were taken into consideration to evaluate the transfer capability. It is shown that the extraction effect of this polymer on cationic dyes is better than that on anionic dyes. With malachite green as the experimental dye, the value of removal ratio can be as high as 98.6% in the period of 120 min. This “molecular nanocapsules” can extract dyes with high extraction rate and good efficiency, and the extraction process can be well described with the pseudo-first-order model. The reusability investigation confirms that the DSHPG can obtain appropriate applications in the extraction of dyes from wastewater due to the high adsorption efficiency and environmental-friendly economy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

[Display omitted] • Several dozen of new thermomorphic multiphasic solvents were made using water, weak acid and base. • The temperature of liquid – liquid phase separation is correlated with the pKa and kow of the constituent of the solvent. • Organic ion could be extracted up to 99 % from water only 10 °C above the cloud point. Switchable solvents are changing properties when exposed to an external stimulus. As example, for thermomorphic multiphasic system (TMS), temperature changes can induce phase separations. Aqueous systems presented here are formulated with a carboxylic acid (weak acid) and an amphiphilic tertiary amine (weak base). They show thermo-switchable hydrophobicity and after separation, the weak acid and base are mainly found in the organic phase while the aqueous phase is mostly composed of water, up to 99 wt%. The phase separation temperature (cloud point) can be tuned from 20 to 80 °C depending on the choice of the carboxylic acid and on the acid: base molar ratio. A collection of saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids and benzoic acid derivatives have been investigated to evaluate the impact of different physico-chemical properties on the cloud point. The octanol/water partition coefficient (log P) and acidic constant (pKa) were identified as key physico-chemical properties to adjust the phase separation temperature. Finally, as illustration of the efficiency of these systems to remove a chemical from water, it has been shown that 99 % extraction of an anionic dye, methyl orange, could be achieved with most of the tested TMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunset Yellow (SSY) is a neutral dye commonly used in the textile, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. This is found in the effluent streams of these industries. In this study, the extraction of this dye is analyzed using a polymer-salt aqueous two-phase system (ATPS). Classical extraction processes are based on contacting an organic phase with an aqueous phase. Our focus is on developing a green process where the use of an organic solvent is avoided. Polyethylene glycol of molecular weights 600 and 6000 are chosen as two candidates for the polymer phase and sodium sulfate as the salt phase. The propensity of the dye to selectively transfer into the polymer-rich phase is exploited to study the extraction process. The binodal curves are experimentally obtained using the cloud point method. The composition of salt and polymer was chosen so as to ensure that the volume of the polymer-rich phase is relatively low in the two-phase system. This choice results in obtaining a high concentration of the dye in the polymer-rich phase from a dilute solution of dye in the salt-rich phase. This is a spontaneous energy-efficient process which avoids the use of any other energy-intensive processes such as evaporation. The dye extraction is studied experimentally in batch mode where 75% extraction occurs in 2 h when the mass transfer is only by diffusion. To accelerate the process a milli channel is used under stratified flow conditions where the length scales are decreased, and 77% extraction is achieved in around 3 min. ATPS is characterized by low interfacial tension and obtaining slug flows in a microchannel is a challenge. We show that by using a milli channel we can lower the capillary number and obtain slug flow at higher flow rates. The internal circulations present in the slugs help in an accelerated mass transfer and 85% extraction is achieved in the PEG6000-salt system in 3 min. • Sunset Yellow Dye extraction using an Aqueous Two-Phase System. • Extraction from salt-rich phase to polymer-rich phase. • Hydrodynamics of aqueous two-phase system in milli channels. • Comparison of extraction in slug flow and stratified flow. • Online real-time monitoring of dye absorbance in slugs using flow-vis cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the environmental sustainability of textile dyeing processes, dyeing of polyester fabric with bio-based dye from the roots of madder plant (Rubia tinctorum L.) has been explored and the environmental impacts assessed. The influence of the main dyeing conditions (dyebath pH, time and temperature) on the dyeing performance was studied. The dyeing performance was evaluated with respect to color yield and fastness properties of the dyed samples. The potential environmental impacts were quantified using life cycle assessment (LCA) tool. Three impact categories were considered: Global warming potential (GWP), Water depletion (WD) and Water eutrophication (WE). The optimum dyeing conditions were found to be pH of 5, dyeing temperature of 130°C and dyeing time of 45 min. LCA of a cradle-to-grave scenario (lifetime of a madder dyed polyester shirt) revealed that the dyeing process was the most important life cycle stage with respect to GWP whereas the use phase of the shirt was the most significant life cycle stage with respect to WD and WE. Gate-to-gate LCA of the dyeing process showed that the extraction of madder dyes indeed was a hotspot with respect to GWP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of present study is to evaluate the ability of various perforation repair materials to bond with the restoration and seal with the dentin. Materials and methods: sixty sound human extracted molars were collected for the study. After access opening and pulp extirpation perforations were created in the furcation area using ISO 012 round bur. (Angelus) MTA, MTA plus, I root bp and GIC (control) repair materials were placed according to manufacturers guidelines. Further the cavities were filled with etch and rinse bonding composite. Longitudinal sections were cut mesio-distally including the furcation area. The sections were analyzed for the penetration of resin tags and seal of the repair material with the dentin using scanning electron microscopy. Results: Results showed that except for control group (GIC) none of the materials showed a perfect seal with the dentin in the furcation area. Also a hybrid layer formation was seen in the control group. Resin tags formation was seen in case of I root bp and Angelus MTA. MTA Plus Showed least bonding with the tooth structure. Conclusion: Sealing of dentin is best with GIC and worst with MTA plus material. I root Bp being a putty material shows a promising result as a sealing material followed by MTA (Angelus). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the sealing ability of MICRO-MEGA Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Endosequence, Biodentine as furcation repair materials using a dye extraction leakage method. Materials and Methods: Forty mandibular molars were randomly divided according to the material used for perforation repair. Group I- (left unsealed) control, Group II-MICRO-MEGA Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Group III - Endosequence, Group IV - Biodentine. All samples were subjected to orthograde and retrograde methylene blue dye challenge followed by dye extraction with 65% nitric acid. Samples were then analyzed using Ultra violet (UV) Visible Spectrophotometer. Statistical Analysis: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparisons Test. Results: Biodentine showed highest dye absorbance, whereas Endosequence showed lowest dye absorbance when compared with other repair materials. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it was observed that Endosequence showed better sealing ability when compared with other root repair materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing studies on extraction, purification and modification processes of natural dyes and antimicrobials, and their subsequent application on textiles demonstrate the revival of natural dyeing and finishing. Natural dyes have been widely used in textile coloration since ancient times. But, with advent of man-made synthetic dyes in the mid-nineteenth century, the dye market has been captured due to a variety of competitive properties of synthetic dyes against natural ones such as lower cost, higher fastness, color variety, ability to dye synthetic fibers and availability in large industrial scale. However, most of the synthetic dyes raise some serious problems in human health and cause environmental risks. Due to these drawbacks along with the growing awareness about cleaner surroundings and healthy lifestyle, there has been recently a worldwide interest in the production and application of dyes from two natural sources, plants and microorganisms. Most of these natural dyes have also inherently antimicrobial properties and could consequently possess high medicinal activity. They are extracted from different types of microorganisms as well as various parts of the plants that contain coloring materials such as tannin, flavonoids and quinonoids. Here we review the latest scientific researches on extraction and application of natural dyes/antimicrobials on textiles as effective coloring and antibacterial agents. First, different methods of extraction of natural dyes/antimicrobials will be discussed, and then, current methods of textile treatments and examples of early applications of these dyes on textile processing, properties achieved and the results obtained will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA),Biodentinand and Calcium phosphate cement to seal large furcation perforations were evaluated using a dye-extraction leakage method. Method: 30 extracted human mandibular first molars were divided into three experimental groups (n -10) according to the repair material used. Dye leakage was tested from an orthograde direction, and dye extraction was performed using full concentration nitric acid. Dye absorbance was measured at 550 nm using spectrophotometer. Result : ProRoot MTA (Maillfer, Dentsply) showed the least dye absorbance. Calcium phosphate showed the highest dye absorbance. and Biodentin came at intermediate level then other groups [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a natural dye extraction was carried out to isolate dyestuff extract powder from the waste barks of Turkish red pine ( Pinus brutia Ten.) timber which is not a common natural dyestuff source. The natural dyestuff powder obtained was applied to cotton, flax, wool, silk, tencel, polyamide and acrylic fibers accompanied by simultaneous application of alum and natural oak ash mordants. Color properties were investigated including rub-, light- and wash-fastness performance. Differently dyed fiber samples exhibited slightly different shades of beige, brown and brownish-yellow depending on the mordant used and fiber type. Alum mordanted samples exhibited better color properties. The highest (63.4) and the second highest (45.3) f( k) color yield values were observed for alum mordanted silk and wool samples, respectively. Dyed fabrics showed excellent wash fastness, very low staining performance, and moderate light- and rub-fastness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Indigotin and indirubin, main components of indigo dye, extracted from Maya Blue pigment, have been separated and identified by liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and a mass spectrometer with a quadruple-time-of-flight analyser (LC–DAD–QTOF). The development of a suitable extraction method combined with the powerful capabilities of the LC–DAD–QTOF system (combination of mass accuracy, high sensitivity and mass/mass (MS/MS) data), allowed the identification of indigotin and indirubin in blue and green microsamples of less than 0.1 mg, taken from the some drawings contained in one of the Códices Matritenses by Fray Bernardino de Sahagún (16th century). This provides a valuable tool for systematic investigation of Maya Blue from archaeological materials, especially from manuscripts, where the available sample amount is generally veriest restricted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The efficiency of eight different procedures used for the extraction of natural dyes was evaluated using contemporary wool samples dyed with cochineal, madder, woad, weld, brazilwood and logwood. Comparison was made based on the LC-DAD peak areas of the natural dye's main components which had been extracted from the wool samples. Among the tested methods, an extraction procedure with NaEDTA in water/DMF (1:1, v/v) proved to be the most suitable for the extraction of the studied dyes, which presented a wide range of chemical structures. The identification of the natural dyes used in the making of an eighteenth century Arraiolos carpet was possible using the NaEDTA/DMF extraction of the wool embroidery samples and an LC-DAD-MS methodology. The effectiveness of the NaEDTA/DMF extraction method was particularly observed in the extraction of weld dye components. Nine flavone derivatives previously identified in weld extracts could be identified in a single historical sample, confirming the use of this natural dye in the making of Arraiolos carpets. Indigo and brazilwood were also identified in the samples, and despite the fact that these natural dyes were referred in the historical recipes of Arraiolos dyeing, it is the first time that the use of brazilwood is confirmed. Mordant analysis by ICP-MS identified the widespread use of alum in the dyeing process, but in some samples with darker hues, high amounts of iron were found instead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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