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This research aims to analyze Employee Performance Improvement (Z) through Organizational Culture and Transformational Leadership, with Job Satisfaction as an intervening variable: Study of PT Sabena Cipta, Bekasi on Sewing Department Employees). The research population has 400 people, with a sample of research is 200 employees in the sewing department. The method used in this research uses quantitative methods, data collection for each variable studied uses a questionnaire with a rating scale. Data analysis techniques use descriptive statistics and path analysis techniques. The research results show: a) There is a direct positive influence of organizational culture on employee performance. b) There is a direct positive influence of transformational leadership on employee performance. c) There is a direct positive influence of job satisfaction on employee performance. d) there is a direct positive influence of organizational culture on job satisfaction e) There is a positive direct effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction. f) there is an indirect positive influence of organizational culture on employee performance through job satisfaction. With a zcount value greater than ztable it can be concluded that job satisfaction mediates the influence of organizational culture on employee performance. g) there is an indirect positive influence of transformational leadership on employee performance through job satisfaction with a zcount value greater than ztable so it can be concluded that job satisfaction mediates the influence of transformational leadership on employee performance.

Bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis), a medicinal plant traditionally used in Indonesia, particularly on Kalimantan Island, has garnered interest for its potential health benefits. However, scientific evidence remains scarce. This study investigated the antioxidant activity of S. littoralis extract and its total phenolic and flavonoid content. Ethanol extraction and evaporation were used to prepare the extract. The DPPH method assessed antioxidant activity, while Folin–Ciocalteu and AlCl3 complexation methods quantified total phenolics and flavonoids, respectively. The S. littoralis extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 54.19 ± 8.15 µg/mL. Additionally, the extract contained substantial levels of phenolics (0.649 ± 0.026% GAE) and flavonoids (1.084 ± 0.043% QE). These findings suggest a link between the high phenolic and flavonoid content of S. littoralis extract and its observed strong antioxidant activity.

Cervical cancer is one of the second-leading causes of death in women. The discovery of cancer drug candidates continues to be carried out due to the resistance that occurs in cervical cancer therapy. Plant metabolite compounds are one of the sources used to explore new drug candidates. Red ginger rhizome is a candidate plant that has anti-cervical cancer activity. This study aims to determine the cytotoxicity of an ethanol extract of red ginger rhizomes on the growth of HeLa cancer cells and predict anti-proliferative activity via the JAK2/STAT3 and hedgehog pathways. The sample (red ginger rhizome simplicia) was extracted by remaceration using 75% ethanol. The MTT assay method was used to test the cytotoxicity and anti-proliferation of metabolite compounds. The docking molecular study was performed by using Autodock 4.2.6.6.5 software. The receptors used in the JAK2, STAT3, and SMO pathways were obtained from the Protein Data Bank with the codes 6VGL, 6NUQ, and 5L7I, respectively. The ethanol extract produced a thick yellowish-brown extract with an aromatic smell and spicy taste, with an extract yield of 18.63% w/w. The 75% ethanol extract of red ginger rhizomes had cytotoxic activity in HeLa cancer with an IC50 of 104.22 ± 6.18 μg/mL and an IC50 of cisplatin of 38.61 ± 3.66 μg/mL. Prediction of antiproliferative activity via the JAK2 pathway showed a binding energy and Ki value of -7.47 kcal/mol, -7.48 kcal/mol, and 3.33 μM, 3.27 μM, as shown by alpha-cedrol and beta-eudesmol compounds. The highest inhibition on the STAT3 and SMO pathways was shown by the beta compound eudesmol, with binding energy and Ki values of -6.05 kcal/mol, -7.57 kcal/mol, and 36.48 μM, respectively; 2.81 μM. (provide relevance and implication)

Background: The CTX-M gene in ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with virulence factors and encodes for antibiotic resistance. There are currently 128 different varieties of CTX-M, which gene can hydrolyze beta-lactam medicines like cefotaxime. Purpose: Identify the CTX-M gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae from patients with Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) at a private hospital in Banyumas Region of Central Java, Indonesia. Method: Cross-sectional survey method was employed in this study. The subjects of the study comprised 40 patients with UTI admitted to a private hospital in Banyumas Region, Central Java, Indonesia. Using a direct molecular approach called Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) directed against the CTX-M gene, DNA was isolated from isolates cultured in CHROMagarTM ESBLs obtained from catheter urine samples. Result: A total of 4 out of 40 urine samples (10%) tested positive for ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. The PCR was performed to detect the CTX-M gene in 100% of the strains. Conclusion: These findings suggest the presence of CTX-M gene found in ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in individuals with urinary tract infections in a private hospital in Purwokerto, Banyumas regency, Central Java, Indonesia. This information can be used to assess antibiotic administration practices.

This study aims to reveal how to use the Song Maker feature in Chrome Music Lab as a medium that can be used in remote music learning. Data collection was taken from reference books and journals, as well as YouTube and Google applications. The research method used was Research and Development (RD) with the Waterfall development model. The resulting product is in the form of a learning video that contains an introduction to Chrome Music Lab and the Song Maker feature, how to access and the process of making songs in the Song Maker feature. The results of the development of the Song Maker feature in Chrome Music Lab show that the feature is very easy, useful, and fun to use as learning media. The test results show that the product is ready to use because the respondents are satisfied. Chrome's Music Lab, specifically the Song Maker feature, provides an alternative for educators to extrapolate music education barriers by connecting active methods with technological, digital experiences for distance learning. The implication of the finding is using the Song Maker feature of Chrome Music Lab as a media for learning music can be used in the classroom for music creation lessons.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) appears as motor dysfunction that is attributed to depleting dopamine levels due to cell death in the extrapyramidal system that is comprised of the basal ganglia’s motor neurons. Oxidative stress is central in triggering cell death. Water yam (Dioscorea alata L.) contains anthocyanins with potential antioxidative and neuroprotective activities that can ameliorate oxidative stress in PD. This research aimed to assess the antiparkinsonian activity of the water yam’s ethanol extract by observing motor (bar test, rotarod test, negative geotaxis reflex test, cliff avoidance test) and sensory activities (olfactory testing) in vivo in mice with haloperidol-induced PD. Water yam tubers were extracted by maceration with the solvent 70% ethanol. This experimental research employed a posttest-only control group design where 35 mice were equally distributed into 7 treatment groups, containing 5 each: Group 1 (normal group) was administered Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium (CMC-Na) orally (p.o.) and aqua pro injection intraperitoneally (i.p.); Group 2 (negative group) was given CMC-Na p.o.; Groups 3 and 4 (positive groups) received, respectively, levodopa p.o. and curcumin p.o.; and then, finally, Groups 5, 6, and 7 (test groups) were given the water yam extracts at varying doses: 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW. CMC-Na, levodopa, and the extract were given once a day for 7 days. Fifteen minutes after receiving their respective treatments on the last day, all the test animals, except for Group 1, were injected with haloperidol solution at 2 mg/kg BW i.p. Then, a bar test, rotarod test, geotaxis reflex test, olfactory testing, and cliff avoidance test were performed to examine their motor and sensory responses in the 5, 60, 120, and 180th minutes. The data obtained were inputted and analyzed statistically with a One-Way ANOVA and then continued with an LSD test. In addition, thin-layer chromatography was employed as the anthocyanin screening test for the ethanol extract of water yam tubers. Results showed that the ethanol extract contained pelargonidin, and when given at 200 and 400 mg/kg, it substantially shortened the exploration time and prolonged latency to first fall in all the tests relative to the haloperidol, levodopa, and curcumin groups (p

The Coronavirus pandemic that has happened to date an affects different areas, one of which is the effect of Coronavirus on families, which results on a timescale of irresistible waste. The point of this study was to build information about overseeing Coronavirus debased waste at home. The technique utilized is an expressive quantitative exploration with one gathering pretest-posttest plan. The quantity of tests upwards of 26 individuals. Subsequently, people in general has perceived the overall side effects of Coronavirus and the means that families need to take with oversight as well as suspects, while the Coronavirus pervasion at home has expanded in pretest squander (84.6%) and post-test (96.1%), home organization of disease, there were individuals who didn't comprehend and diminished pretest (100 percent) while post-test (96.1%), and treatment of polluted waste with pretest results (77%) and post-test (69.2%). Therefore, it is essential to instruct the overall population by distributing local area strengthening exercises, locally posted banners or wellness authorities and online media. This is a work that can be made to expand information about overseeing Coronavirus debased waste at home

The rare sulphated polysaccharides of green algae have been explored of several activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-bacterial, and anti-virus. Ulva lactuca L is one of the majoring algae species in Indonesia that promosing to be explored as natural anti-inflammation in the inflammation disorders treatment. The purpose of this study was to conduct an in-silico test of anti- inflammatory potency of sulphated polysaccharide chemical constituent of green algae (Ulva lactuca L) against the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme. The methods used were the preparation of a protein structure database cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (4COX), protein preparation using the Biovia Discovery Studio application, molecular docking simulation of sulphated polysaccharide compounds on proteins using the Autodock 4.0 application and visualization using Ligpot+ v2.2. The results of docking sulphated polysaccharide compounds with the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme, showed a best binding affinity energy of Gluconic acid ulvan -7.62 kcal/mol similar to the control drug sodium diclofenac (-7.81 kcal/mol), followed by Iduronic acid Ulvan -7.57 kcal/mol, Fucoidan (-6.11 kcal/mol), Alpha Carrageenan (-6.93 kcal/mol), and Lambda Carrageenan (-5.38 kcal/mol). In the conclusion based on the molecular docking result, the sulphated polysaccharide compounds in Ulva lactuca L are potential to be developed as natural antiinflammatory agent by in vitro and in vivo investigation.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has become a worldwide concern due to the increasing MRSA resistance to antibiotics. This condition encourages the continuous exploration of new anti-MRSA compounds. Thus, this study explored the effect of carbon (starch, glucose, sucrose, lactose) and nitrogen (casein, yeast extract, urea, peptone) sources for the fermentation medium to produce antibacterial and antibiofilm compounds from bacterial strain P-6B against MRSA 2983. The results showed that six-day incubation produced bioactive extracts with the highest antimicrobial activity (11.361 ± 0.860 mm) and the highest activity to inhibit biofilm formation (89.159 ± 0.293% %). In comparison, three-day incubation produced a bioactive extract with the highest activity to degrade biofilm (86.450 ± 3.260%). Glucose was the best carbon source to produce an extract with antibacterial and biofilm inhibition activities. However, starch was the best carbon source to produce an extract with biofilm degradation activity. Urea was the best nitrogen source to produce extracts with antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. Species identification based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed a 99.78% similarity with Ochrobactrum intermedium strain NBRC 15820 (NR_113812.1). These findings suggested the potency of Ochrobactrum P-6B from Segara Anakan Cilacap as indigenous sources of bioactive compounds with anti-MRSA activities.

The ability of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to form biofilms is one of the triggering factors for the emergence of MRSA resistance to antibiotics. Streptomyces W-5B has shown potency as an antibacterial producer against MRSA. However, the production of microbial bioactive compounds is strongly affected by the source of nutrients in the fermentation medium. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the optimal sources of carbon and nitrogen for the production of bioactive compounds with antibiofilm activities. The research method included cultivating Streptomyces W-5B, extract production, and variation of carbon (glucose, sucrose, starch) and nitrogen (casein, peptone, urea) sources for fermentation medium. Antibiofilm activities were measured based on inhibition of biofilm formation and biofilm degradation tests using the microtiter plate method with a crystal violet stain. The results showed that the highest inhibition of biofilm formation was 68.206 ± 1.750% after 12 days of incubation in a fermentation medium containing sucrose and urea. Meanwhile, the highest biofilm degradation was 73.023 ± 1.972% after nine days of incubation on a fermentation medium containing starch and urea. These findings indicated that Streptomyces W-5B has the potency to produce antibiofilm extract against MRSA.

Gastropods are one of the constituents of benthic communities in waters and are found throughout the world, ranging from shallow, sandy, coral reefs to deep seas. Gastropods have several advantages, one of the most relevant is that they can be used as bioindicators of pollution. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity and abundance of gastropods in Kapas Island, Indonesia. This research was conducted for two months on the coast of Kapas Island, Indonesia. Gastropod collection was carried out at 10 observation stations using three transect lines toward the sea and divided into three parts, namely upper intertidal, middle intertidal, and lower intertidal on each transect line. The distance between stations was ~ 150 m. Ninety plots of 1 m2 were set. Abundance and diversity were analyzed qualitatively. Results showed that gastropods consisted of 9 genera and 14 species. Among them, Cerithium sp. had the highest individual abundance (40.15%). The diversity index of gastropods in Kapas Island was 2.07 (medium diversity).

Black cumin seed oil (MBJH) (Nigella sativa L.) is a well-known herb with pharmacology activities such as anticancer and anti-thrombocytopenia. The limitation of MBJH has poor absorption when using oral dosage form. The liquid SNEDDS (Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system) of MBJH as an alternative formulation. However, the disadvantage of liquid-SNEDDS of MJBH was the interaction between the active ingredients with soft gelatin capsules. Hence, this study proposed to develop solid-SNEDDS as a new formulation of MBJH. Solid-SNEDDS of MBJH was prepared from liquid-SEDDS of MBJH by adsorption to solid carrier method, consisting of aerosil and crospovidone as the adsorbent. The characterization of S-SNEDDS was determined by emulsification time and percent transmittance. Micromeritics properties of S-SNEDDS such as the angle of repose, bulk and tap density parameter, compressibility index, and Hausner ratio were measured before and after stored in stress condition (40 ̊ C ± 2 ̊ C and relative humidity of 75% ± 5% for 14 days). The result showed S-SNEDDS of MBJH with aerosil absorbent had better S-SNEDDS performance in both characteristics and micromeritics properties under stress conditions than crospovidone absorbent. In conclusion, the s-SNEDDS of black cumin oil by solid aerosil carrier method is promising for future research development of S-SNEDDS dosage form.

Background: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a major pathogene and its incidence continues to increase in various countries. The resistance to methicillin is caused by the mecA gene that encodes the expression of Penicillin Binding Protein 2a (PBP2a) so it has a low affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics. One of the factors that can increase the incidence of MRSA is inappropriate antibiotics use. Objective: This study is to identify presence of the mecA gene in MRSA and to compare histories of inappropriate antibiotic uses of healthcare workers and communities in Banyumas. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducting 120 samples from nasal swabs. Isolates of MRSA tested by bacteriological examinations and PCR of the mecA genes. Histories of antibiotic uses were assessed by using questionnaires and then analysed descriptively by using Fisher Exact test (SPPS, version 20). Result: One sample of S. aureus from the microbiology examination (0.83%) was an MRSA although there was no a mecA gene identified by using the PCR method. 66.1% of the healthcare workers and 88,3% of the communities used antibiotics inappropriately. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the histories of irrational uses of antibiotics (p?0.05). Conclusion: A number of the communities who used inappropriate antibiotics was higher than the health workers. Furthermore, one MRSA strain with a negative mecA gene was found in the health worker group.

Mefenamic acid is an analgesic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is categorized as Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II drug. Cocrystallization of mefenamic acid (MFA) with nicotinamide (NIC) has been reported to enhance the solubility of MFA for about 2.56 times higher than pure MFA. As a part of MFA-NIC development in pharmaceutical dosage form, we reported the improvement of mechanical properties of MFA-NIC cocrystal based on the presence of slip planes in crystal structure. The research was initially by synthesizing and characterizing the cocrystal by using X-ray diffraction analysis, and was followed by the investigation of the mechanical properties of MFA and its cocrystal, i.e. tensile strength and deformation parameter. The correlation of crystal structure with mechanical properties was determined by crystal packing motif and slip plane analysis from single crystal data by using Mercury 3.6. The tensile strength of MFA was acceptance at 20.0 MPa, and dropped at more than 25.0 MPa. A better tableting performance was observed in MFA-NIC cocrystal which had the tensile strength 1.5 times higher than MFA at 12.5 MPa and gradually increased with an increasing pressure up to 2.5 times at 22.5 MPa. The flat slip plane of MFA-NIC cocrystal was predicted as the key factor in the improvement of its mechanical properties, compared to zigzag slip plane of MFA. In conclusion, MFA-NIC cocrystal had the better mechanical properties than pure MFA due to its flat slip plane and it becomes potential to be explored in further development of solid dosage form.

Pendahuluan: Desinfeksi saluran akar dilakukan dengan mengaplikasikan bahan irigasi saluran akar pada perawatan endodontik. Selama ini, natrium hipoklorit (NaOCl) menjadi protokol bahan irigasi saluran akar karena bersifat antimikroba. Penggunaan NaOCl memiliki kekurangan karena kurang adekuat dalam mengeliminasi bakteri persisten dalam saluran akar gigi, seperti Enterococcus faecalis. Upaya pengeliminasian E. faecalis yang dapat dilakukan yakni dengan mengkombinasikan NaOCl dengan bahan irigasi lain atau menggunakan bahan alternatif lain. Salah satu bahan alam yang memiliki efek antibakteri adalah ektrak larva dari lalat hijau (Chrysomya megacephala). Produk eksretori dan sekretori larva instar ke-3 C. megacephala mengandung protease serin yang memiliki efek antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis efek antibakteri ekstrak larva C. megacephala dalam menghambat pertumbuhan E. faecalis. Metode: Jenis penelitian eksperimental laboratorium. Ekstrak larva C. megacephala dibuat dengan konsentrasi 0-100%. Efek antibakteri diketahui dengan pengukuran nilai Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dan Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Nilai MIC diukur dengan metode pengenceran microbroth dalam cawan microtiter 96-well. Nilai MBC diukur dari hasil pengukuran MIC yang di-plating pada media kultur Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) dengan metode total counting. Hasil: Nilai MIC diperoleh pada ekstrak larva 50% (0,5x106mg/L) (p>0,05) sedangkan nilai MBC tidak ditemukan. Simpulan: Ekstrak larva C. Megacephala tidak memiliki efek yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Enterococcus faecalis. Kata kunci: Antibakteri, natrium hipoklorit, Chrysomya megacephala, Enterococcus faecalis. ABSTRACT Introduction: In endodontic treatment, the root canal is disinfected by applying root canal irrigant. Commonly, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is used as the protocol of the root canal irrigant due to its antimicrobial effects. The usage of NaOCl has limitation because it is inadequate in eliminating persistent bacteria in the root canal, such as Enterococcus faecalis. The effort to eliminate E. faecalis is by combining NaOCl with other irrigant or using an alternative material. One of the natural products with antibacterial effects is the larva extract of greenfly (Chrysomya megacephala). The excretory and secretory products of the third instar of the larva contain serine protease that has been known for the antibacterial effects. The purpose of this study was to analyse the antibacterial effect of Chrysomya megacephala larva extract in inhibiting the E. faecalis bacteria. Methods: Experimental laboratory research was conducted towards an extract of C. megacephala larva, which was prepared with a concentration of 0-100%. The antibacterial effect was determined by measuring the value of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The MIC values were measured by the micro broth dilution method in a 96-well microtiter dish. The MBC value was measured from the results of the MIC measurement plated on the Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) culture media using the total counting method. Results: The MIC values obtained in 50% larva extract was 0.5x106mg / L (p > 0.05) while the MBC value was not found. Conclusion: Chrysomya megacephala larva extract does not have the effect in inhibiting the Enterococcus faecalis. Keywords: Antibacterial, sodium hypochlorite, Chrysomya megacephala, Enterococcus faecalis.

This research was motivated preliminary studies results on non optimal the students’ ability of scalene rectangular area and the obstacle leraning experienced by students. The effort made by the teacher to overcome the learning obstacle is to design learning based on students’ needs and characteristics. In the implementation the teacher should adjust the design in accordance with the classroom situations and conditions. The purpose of this study were to describe the didactic design of scalene rectangular area based on the SPADE learning model for fourth grade students of elementary schools and to describe the implementation and responses of teachers and students toward the didactic design of scalene recrangular area based on the SPADE learning models in elementary schools. The research method used was a qualitative by DDR (Design Didactial Research) model consisting of three stages: prospective analysis, metapedadidactic analysis, and restropective analysis. This research was conducted in the fourth grade. The instrument of data collection used essay question on scalene rectangular area. The results of the study is a teaching materials in form of student activity sheets and lesson plans that were developed as alternatives in primary schools learning to minimize learning obstacles in mathematics learning in forth grade of elementary schools.

Background: Asymptomatic biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus carriage play a pivotal role as a reservoir pathogen and increase the transmission rate in hospital as well as in healthy community. Biofilm- producing S. aureus which is regulated by the the ica AD gene reduce the antimicrobial ability in eliminating the pathogen. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the icaAD gene of biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus carriage isolates obtained from healthcare workers and healthy Community in Banyumas, Indonesia. Methods: This descriptive observational study enrolled 60 healthcare workers and 60 healthy communities in Banyumas district. Antibiotic susceptibility test was using disc diffusion according to Clinical laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) 2019. Biofilm-producing ability identified by using microtiter plate biofilm assay and the positivity of icaAD gene was performed by using PCR method. Results: The results showed that one of 60 healthcare workers (0,017%) showed MRSA, four of 60 healthcare workers (0,07%) were MSSA and 2 samples from community (0,03%) were MSSA. Total of 7 samples underwent biofilm examination, one sample was moderate biofilm, two samples were weak biofilm, and four samples were no biofilm. It was known that three biofilm-producing S.aureus were positive ica A/D gene. Conclusion: The ica A/D gene was found positive in both biofilm-producing MRSA and MSSA strain from both healthcare workers group and the healthy communities group. The presence of icaAD genes in both strains shows the potential for antibiotic resistance in these strains regulated by different mechanisms.

INCREASING OF THE USE OF WISE ANTIBIOTIC IN WOMAN'S EMPOWERMENT GROUP IN THE URBAN AREA OF BANYUMAS REGENCY BY PROVIDING INTERVENTION OF KAP (KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, PRACTICE). Unwise use of antibiotic behavior in the community contributes significantly to the increase in the incidence of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance has become a major health problem throughout the world that must receive attention both in hospitals and in the community. The purpose of this community service is as an effort to increase the use of wise antibiotics in women's empowerment groups in urban areas in Banyumas Regency by intervening Knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP). The target audience was an urban community group in Banyumas regency, namely all members of the Rambutan women's empowerment group located at Jl. Kalijaga, Berkoh, Purwokerto. The activities carried out for KAP intervention were knowledge transfer, and educational video included antibiotics, the wise use of antibiotics, and the dangers of antibiotic resistance. The results of the KAP intervention were measured by questionnaires containing statements from aspects of Knowledge, attitude, practice before and after KAP intervention activities. Each statement in the questionnaire was assessed with a Likert scale and tested for its validity and reliability. Data were analyzed descriptively while testing the results of questionnaires I and II were carried out by paired T-Tests. Data that can be analyzed are 39 respondents. The results of the questionnaire analysis showed an increase in KAP about antibiotic use before and after KAP interventions in women's empowerment groups in urban areas of Banyumas Regency. The article concluded that KAP intervention actions could achieve an increase in the use of wise antibiotics in women's empowerment groups in urban areas in Banyumas Regency.

This study aimed to collect the crystallographic data of ethyl diclofenac and discover a cocrystal from this ester with its parent, diclofenac acid, and to investigate their physicochemical properties and anti-inflammation activity. Firstly, ethyl diclofenac single crystal was isolated and continued by the cocrystal screening and isolation. Solid characterization was conducted by thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, powder x-ray diffractometry, followed by structural determination using a single crystal x-ray diffractometer. The stability of the cocrystal toward heating and high humidity, followed by the anti-inflammatory activity, was also studied. Ethyl diclofenac and the cocrystal were successfully isolated and subsequently subjected to lattice system determination. Interestingly, the new cocrystal can be generated directly by Fischer equilibrium reaction during esterification of diclofenac acid. Structurally, ethyl diclofenac reveals a P21/c monoclinic and the cocrystal between this ester with its parent drug is a P-1 triclinic system. A hydrophobic interaction -C-Cl-, which is rarely found in a cocrystal, involved in the molecular interaction between ethyl diclofenac and the parent drug, besides the hydrogen bonds. The newly isolated cocrystal has a melting point ±103–104 °C, which is higher than that of ethyl diclofenac (±67.5 °C) but lower than that of diclofenac acid (±173 °C). Hence, this cocrystal is stable towards accelerated stability testing by heating in a microwave, as well as storing in high relative humidity. Moreover, the anti-inflammation test also showed promising activity improvement.

IMPROVED USE OF ANTIBIOTIC BY USING TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE INTERVENTIONS TO CHANGE THE COMMUNITY PERCEPTION IN BANYUMAS DISTRICT. The use of antibiotics without indication by the medical community and the community became the trigger factor of increasing the incidence of antibiotic resistance in Indonesia. Meanwhile by 20150 antibiotic resistance is predictedto be the leading cause of death in the world. Community devotion was aimed at improving the understanding of society so that that is a change of perception about the use of antibiotic wisely. The target respondents of devotion consists of member of the family welfare empowerment group (PKK). A seriaes of activities undertaken were pre and post test to measure respondents' understanding of antibiotic use before and after intervention in the transfer of knowledge. The questionnaire used previously tested its validity by Pearson product moment test and its reliability by Alpha-Cronbach. The Sharpening of material obtained in knowledge transfer was done with role play and discussion. The result of T test analysis to score of quesionnaire before and after knowledge transfer showed significant p value (p = 0,049). The conclusion was that the transfer of knowledge can change the perception of PKK members about the wise use of antibiotics.

The inhibitory activity of heme polymerization of (1)-N-(2-nitrobenzyl)-1,10- phenantrolinium iodide and (1)-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolinium iodide have been done. This study aims to analyse the (1)-N-(2-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolinium iodide and (1)-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolinium iodide as inhibitory of polimerization heme. Analysis of heme inhibtory polimerization activity used the experimental in vitro method. The activity showed by IC50 (the capable concentration of extract to inhibiting polymerization heme 172 Pharmaҫiana, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2014: 171-176 by 50% ). The IC50 value acquired by probit analysis. Assess IC50 of (1)-N-(2-nitrobenzyl)- 1,10-phenantrolinium iodide not to be identified, (1)-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolinium iodide and chloroquine by successively are 0,571±0,071; 25,498±1,876 mg/mL. The result showed the (1)-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolinium iodide had the highest value of the heme polymerization inhibitory activity than chloroquin, (1)-N-(2-nitrobenzyl)-1,10- phenantrolinium iodide hadn’t the heme polymerization inhibitory activity.

Malaria is a global health problem, especially in the tropics. Efforts to decrease the incidence of malaria plagued the plasmodium resistance to existing antimalarial drugs. Benzyl Phenanthrolium Iodide derivates have been proved has antimalarial activity. The aim of this study is synthesis the nitro benzyl phenanthrolium. The research that has been done was the synthesis of (1)-N-(2-nitrobenzyl) phenantrolium iodide and(1)-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolium iodide. Synthesis of (1)-N-(2-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolium iodide through a two-steps reaction SN-2 is the reaction of (1)N-(2- nitrobenzyl) chloride and potassium iodide followed by reaction phenantroline 1:10 monohydrate, whether the second product was 4-nitrobenzil bromida as starting material. The reaction were started by reflucting the nitro subtituted benzil halida with potassium iodide for 1 hour, yielded nitro subtituted benzyl iodide. Then followed by reflucting nitro substituted benzyl iodide with 1,10-phenanthroline for 11 hours. The final product isolated and purificated by suitable solvent. The melting point was conducted by melting poin apparatus. The structures of product was characterized by IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Results obtained in the form of thick liquid light yellow with a melting point of 54.2-63.5oC. While the compound (1)-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolium iodide is synthesized from 4-nitrobenzylbromide and potassium iodide followed by reaction phenantroline 1:10 monohydrate. Synthesis results in the form of pale yellow crystals with a melting point of 221​​–225oC . The resulting yield of 32.87%. The interpretation of UV-Vis and Infra red spectras indicated that nitro benzyl iodide have been condensed with 1,10 phenantroline as the end of the product.

Biofilm formation and the expression of icaA gene can be induced by environment conditions that are potentially toxic for bacterial cells. The effect of green flies maggots secretion to biofilm was studied some years ago to investigate in vitro effect of secretion of Chloroprocta sp. maggots on the formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm (phenotype) and the expression level of icaA gene (genotype) for indicating its mechanism on bacterial biofilm eradication. Microtiter plate biofilm assay was used to measure the effect of Chloroprocta sp. maggots secretion at various concentration on S. epidermidis biofilm. The expression level of icaA gene was performed by Real TimePCR using lightcycler method. The biofilm susceptibility test was done against maggots excretion/secretion using MTT assay. Whereas planktonic susceptibility testing was carried out using Kirby Bauer method. In the presence of maggots secretion at low concentration (5%), biofilm formation of S. epidermidis 734 was induced. In contrast, the expression level of icaA gene in production of maggots excretion/ secretion at concentration of 5% was lower than that of without maggots secretion (1/2 Fold). Eradication of bacterial biofilm was demonstrated after 48h incubation (MD=-0,011;P

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekspektasi kinerja, ekspektasi usaha, faktor sosial kepentingan dalam pemanfaatan sistem informasi dengan partisipasi pengguna sebagai variabel moderating. Dalam penelitian ini, sampel yang digunakan adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Magelang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan ada 40 responden. Alat analisis data menggunakan uji t, uji F, uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, dan Analisis regresi moderat. Hasil analisis regresi pengujian hipotesis pertama dan ketiga membuktikan pengaruh partisipasi pengguna dalam pengaruh moderating dari ekspektasi kinerja dan faktor sosial kepentingan dalam pemanfaatan sistem informasi. Hasil hipotesis kedua menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi pengguna dalam moderating harapan negatif mempengaruhi kepentingan penggunaan bisnis sistem informasi.

Kanker serviks merupakan penyebab kematian kedua wanita di Indonesia setelah kanker payudara. Mahkota dewa Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl telah dikenal oleh masyarakat dan digunakan secara tradisional untuk pengobatan kanker. Ekstrak petroleum eter daun mahkota dewa menunjukkan aktivitas antiproliferasi pada sel kanker serviks manusia (HeLa) dengan IC50 9 µg/ml (Kintoko dan Hawariah, 2007). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas antiproliferasi isolat 4 ekstrak petroleum eter terhadap sel kanker serviks manusia (HeLa). Serbuk daun mahkota dewa disokletasi dengan petroleum eter, kemudian difraksi dengan etil asetat hingga diperoleh fraksi etil asetat. Fraksi etil asetat dilakukan kromatografi preparatif dengan fase gerak heksana : etil asetat (9:1). Aktivitas antiproliferasi terhadap sel HeLa ditetapkan harga LC50dan doubling time melalui uji sitotoksik dan pengamatan kinetika proliferasi dengan metode MTT. Hasil isolasi dengan kromatografi preparatif diperoleh lima isolat masing-masing dengan harga Rf : 0,05 ; 0,10 ; 0,20 ; 0,60 ; dan 0,90. Harga LC50 dari isolat 4 adalah sebesar 82,091 µg/ml. Isolat 4 menunjukkan penghambatan pertumbuhan sel HeLa dengan memperpanjang doubling time (16,495 jam) dibanding kontrol sel (10,170 jam).

Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor in cervix which is occupy the second possition that cause the death of Indonesia’s women under the breast cancer. One of the traditional medicine that can be used to cure cancer is Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl leaves. The petroleum eter extract of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl leaves has antiproliferation activity againts cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) with IC50 9 µg/ml (Kintoko & Azimahtol Hawariah, 2007). This research was aimed to detect cytotoxic activity of isolate 5 of ethyl acetate fraction of petroleum ether extract of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl leaves againts HeLa cell lines. Initially, the powder of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl was extracted using Soxhlet apparatus with petroleum ether. The extracts was concentrated and partitioned until ethyl acetate fraction was obtained. The fraction of ethyl acetate was isolated using Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography on silica gel F254 as stationary phase and n-hexane : ethyl acetate (9 : 1) as mobile phase. Cytotoxic activity against HeLa cell lines was determinated by LC50 value by direct counting. The isolation by preparative thin layer chromatography resulted five isolate on Rf value : 0,05 ; 0,10 ; 0,20 ; 0,60 ; and 0,90. The LC50 values of isolate 5 (Rf : 0,90) was 123,60 µg/ml.

The synthesis of ciklovalon (HGV-0) analogue was done by substituent modification on aromatic ring. One of the ciklovalon analogues is 2,6-bis(2′-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone. The objective of this study was obtaining the amount of mol NaOH catalyst in order to find the highest rendement. The synthesis of 2,6-bis(2′-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone has been done using aldol condentation reaction from 2′-hydroxybenzaldehyde and cyclohexanone. The variation of mol catalyst NaOH used in this research were 0.2 mole; 0.4 mole and 0.8 mole. The synthesized product was purified by recrystalization with ethanol and cold water. The structure of the synthesized compound was determined by UV-Vis, IR, 1H-NMR, and GC-MS. The result showed that the average rendement the variation of mol catalyst NaOH 0.2 mole; 0.4 mol and 0.8 mole were (25.12±0.86)%, (11.23±0.40)% and (9.50±0.56)%. The highest rendement was obtained when the 0.2 mole NaOH used. Statistical analysis using tukey test resulted significant differences. The spectroscopic analysis using UV-Vis, IR spectrometry, 1H-NMR spectrometry, and GC-MS showed that synthesized compound was 2,6-bis(2′-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone. Keywords: 2,6-bis(2′-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone, synthesis, catalyst, rendement ABSTRAK Sintesis analog siklovalon (HGV-0) dilakukan melalui modifikasi substituen pada cincin aromatiknya. Salah satu analog siklovalon tersebut adalah 2,6-bis(2′-hidroksibenzilidin)sikloheksanon. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui jumlah mol katalis NaOH yang menghasilkan rendemen paling besar. Sintesis 2,6-bis(2′-hidroksibenzilidin)sikloheksanon dilakukan melalui reaksi kondensasi aldol dari 2-hidroksibenzaldehid dan sikloheksanon dengan menggunakan katalis natrium hidroksida. Variasi jumlah mol katalis NaOH yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 0,2 mol; 0,4 mol dan 0,8 mol. Pemurnian hasil sintesis dilakukan dengan rekristalisasi menggunakan etanol dan aquades dingin. Struktur senyawa hasil sintesis ditentukan dengan cara spektrofotometri UV-Vis, spektrometri Inframerah, spektrometri Resonansi Magnetik Inti (1H-RMI), dan GC-MS. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata rendemen dari variasi jumlah mol NaOH 0,2 mol; 0,4 mol dan 0,8 mol berturut-turut adalah (25,12±0,86)%, (11,23±0,40)% dan (9,50±0,56)%. Rendemen paling optimal diperoleh pada jumlah mol katalis NaOH 0,2 mol. Hasil uji Tukey menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada masing-masing kelompok. Berdasarkan data spektrofotometri UV-Vis, spektrometri Inframerah, spektrometri 1H-RMI, dan GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa senyawa yang dihasilkan adalah 2,6-bis(2′-hidroksibenzilidin) sikloheksanon. Kata kunci: 2,6-bis(2′-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone, sintesis, katalis, rendemen

The use of cisplatin as a breast cancer chemotherapy agent has side effects, one of which is toxicity to normal cells. Therefore, this study aimed to use Hibiscus sabdariffa extract (HSE) to promote cytotoxic prevention. Several active compounds such as anthocyanin, protocatechuic acid, and hydroxyl citric acid compounds in HSE have cytotoxic activities. Combining cisplatin and the extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HSE) as a co-chemotherapy agent reduces the dose of cisplatin. It was discovered that HSE and cisplatin had cytotoxic effects on T47D cells with IC50 values of 32.3 ± 2.15 μg/mL and 6.64 ± 0.68 μg/mL, respectively. Selectivity assay on Vero cells resulted in SI values of 52.84 for HSE and 1220.7 for cisplatin. Anti-proliferation test on control cells indicated a doubling time value of 55.74 ± 0.55 h, while HSE at concentrations of 32.3 µg/mL,16.15 µg/mL, and 8.08 µg/mL didn't indicate any doubling time value. Based on this study, we found that the combination of 16.15 µg/mL of HSE and 3.32 µg/mL of cisplatin had a strong synergistic effect with a Combination Index (CI) value of 0.002. The mechanism of HSE and cisplatin was identified through the increasing expression of p53 and decreasing expression of Bcl-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]