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Background: Male urethritis is primarily sexually transmitted in India and has also shown a high rate. Urethritis or inflammation of the urethra is a multifactorial condition. It is called gonococcal urethritis (GU) when Neisseria gonorrhoeae is detected in a urethral smear of the patient and non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) when this organism cannot be visualized., Aims and Objectives: To study the demographic profile and management pattern of NGU retrospectively in male patients., Materials and Methods: Urethritis cases were identified from the dermatology outpatient record. A retrospective study of data of patients diagnosed with NGU was done for 5 years from August 2015 to July 2020. We included only male patients more than 10 years of age., Results: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT, 48%) was the most common causative organism found. The diagnosis was confirmed by demonstrating ≥5 polymorphonuclear lymphocytes (PMNLs) from the anterior urethra using a Gram-stained urethral smear followed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR.) of urine. The most common age group affected was 21-30, (30, 46%) years with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) of 30.32 ± 10.80. Most patients were from low socioeconomic status, labourers (36, 55%). A history of heterosexual behaviour, (57, 88%) was the most common and it had been seen that sexual exposure was more common in unmarried patients (38, 59%). Associated features were seen in 18 patients. Among recommended initial therapies for NGU, doxycycline and azithromycin might be improved by the addition of antimicrobial coverage for Trichomonas vaginalis ( T. vaginalis ). Further, it was seen that response to doxycycline therapy was better than azithromycin., Conclusions: Though there is an increased incidence of Herpes infections, we found Chlamydia infection to be the most common cause of NGU. Doxycycline showed better results in NGU due to Chlamydia infection., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Indian Journal of Dermatology.)

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to persist throughout the world with intermittent exacerbation. The changing trend of hand hygiene practices during this pandemic has led to new onset or aggravation of pre-existing hand eczema, especially among doctors. There is a paucity of studies regarding skin changes seen with changing hand hygiene practices in the Indian subcontinent., Objectives: To estimate the frequency of various cutaneous manifestations and associated factors with hand hygiene practices in doctors during COVID-19 via a web-based online questionnaire survey., Methods: It was a cross-sectional web-based survey conducted at a tertiary care teaching institute from July 2021 to September 2021. Those doctors (faculty, residents, and interns) of the hospital completing the questionnaire with electronic informed consent were included in the study., Results: A total of 143 doctors completed the survey. The most common symptoms were dryness in 60 (42%) and itching in 25 (17.5%) doctors. The most common skin changes were scaling in 30 (21%) and redness in 16 (11.2%) doctors. There was a significant association between skin changes and frequency of hand washing and hand sanitizer use (p value < 0.05)., Conclusion: The prevalence of hand changes and symptoms was 77% in doctors in our study. The most commonly seen hand changes were scaling followed by redness and symptoms observed were dryness and itching., (© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: The COVID pandemic has affected the human race both physically and mentally. Mask use remains the standard way of preventing the spread of this virus. The continuous mask use has led to the emergence of various dermatoses like acne, pigmentation, and seborrhea in mask contact areas. The present survey has been undertaken to describe the various dermatoses encountered in the medical fraternity especially doctors, who are frequently exposed to prolonged mask use., Aims: To estimate the frequency of various cutaneous manifestations seen among doctors following mask use via web-based online questionnaire survey., Methods: It was a cross-sectional web-based study conducted at a tertiary care teaching institute from June 2021 to August 2021. All the doctors of the hospital completing the questionnaire were included in the study with informed consent., Results: A total of 178 participants completed the survey. The most common complaint was increased sweating (55.6%) followed by acne (34.3%) and oily skin (34.3%). Significant association was found between skin changes and duration (>6 h/day) of mask use, increasing number, and type of mask (N 95) used (p value <0.05)., Conclusion: The knowledge of various mask-induced/aggravated dermatoses will help formulate proper precautionary protocols enhancing efficient mask usage for prolonged periods., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: Cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) is essentially an invasion of the skin by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the same bacteria that causes pulmonary tuberculosis., Aim: This study was conducted to study the common types of cutaneous TB and to find the management pattern in a tertiary teaching hospital in Pokhara, Nepal., Materials and Methods: All the cases of cutaneous TB were biopsied and furthermore investigated by performing Mantoux test, sputum examination, fine needle aspiration cytology, chest X-ray and ELISA., Results: In this study, we found that tuberculosis verrucous cutis (48%) had a higher incidence than other types of cutaneous TB. More males were affected than were females (1.2:1). Commonly affected sites were the limb and the buttock (48%). The most commonly affected age group was 16-25 years (40%). All cases (except two) were more than 15 mm in size in the Mantoux test. The histopathological picture was typical in all except three cases. All patients were treated with antitubercular treatment as per the national guidelines., Conclusion: The most common type of cutaneous TB was tuberculosis verrucous cutis and the most commonly affected sites were the limb and the buttock. As cutaneous TB sometimes reflects the presence of pulmonary tuberculosis, its incidence should not be ignored.

Background: Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is a mild chronic infection of the skin caused by Malassezia yeasts. Although it is primarily seen in adults, children are often affected in the tropics ., Methods: Over a period of 2 years, children (up to the age of 14 years) who were clinically and mycologically diagnosed as PV were included in the study. The clinical and epidemiological pattern in different age groups was noted., Results: PV in this age group formed about 31% of the total cases of PV; 4.8% cases presented in infancy. The commonest site of involvement was the face in 39.9% of the cases. Most of the cases presented in summer months., Conclusions: PV is not an uncommon disease among children in the tropics. There is a sudden resurgence of cases in the hot monsoons and even infants are not spared.