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Extension professionals across the country are continuously seeking innovative ways to reach clientele and to disseminate timely, educational information. A new avenue to reach clientele includes the use of smartphone "apps." The "Machinery Sizing" app, which was developed to ease the estimation of tractor horsepower to implement sizing for Extension clientele anytime, anywhere, is explained as a key example for Extension professionals to utilize apps in disseminating information to clientele. There are many benefits to using apps, including information availability wherever Internet service is available on the smartphone, ease of computations of equations, and automatic updates being sent to users.

A systematic study of the interaction of sulfur with Au(III) and polycrystalline gold is carried out using synchrotron-based spectroscopy, thermal desorption mass spectroscopy (TDS), and first-principles DF calculations. The adsorption of S on fcc hollow sites of the gold substrate is energetically more favorable than adsorption on bridge or a-top sites, in the case of small sulfur coverages, whereas, the photoemission and DF results show a complex behavior for the sulphur/Au(111) interface as a function of coverage and temperature.

Research has been conducted on the interactions of gold with titania. The synchrotron-based high-resolution photoemission and density functional slab calculations used in examining these interactions and the chemistry of SO (sub)2 on Au/TiO (sub)2 (110) surfaces are discussed.

Research into the interaction of NO2 with a TiO2(110) single crystal and powders of titania is presented. It was found that the main product of the adsorption of NO2 on TiO2(110) is surface nitrate with a small quantity of chemisorbed NO2.

A study was conducted to analyze the trimerization of acetylene to benzene on a Cu(100) surface. The study was carried out in a stainless steel chamber supporting four-grid LEED apparatus, a quadrupole mass spectrometer and an Auger spectrometer. Results indicated that the mass 26 signal imitated the trimerization rate at high coverages. Findings also showed that increases in the reaction yield correlated with increases in the initial acetylene coverage.

Culvert fishways can improve upstream fish passage in brooks and have been studied in relation to North American and Australian species. Research focusing on fish species from other world regions and, in parallel, effect of baffles on flow turbulence is rare. In this paper we present computational fluid dynamics of a sloped baffle culvert, called "stairs pipe". We aimed at evaluating if: (1) the flow met the requirements of Neotropical and European species; (2) the flow turbulence was acceptable for fish passage; (3) the flow limited fish movements. The average flow velocities for 5% slope and discharge rates of 5–13 L/s were lower than the prolonged speeds of three Neotropical species, namely, piau (Leporinus reinhardti), mandi (Pimelodus maculatus), and lambari (Piabarchus stramineus) and higher than the sustainable speeds of three European species, namely, dace (Leuciscus leuciscus), barbel (Barbus barbus), and brown trout (Salmo trutta). The turbulence flow characteristics i.e. levels of turbulence kinetic energy were similar to those produced by comparable culverts but higher than those in a fish ladder. The water jet created by baffles at an angle of 30° can limit fish movements, restraining them from jumping. The stairs pipe might improve upstream fish movement in different regions of world; nevertheless, further experimental research should concern the use of different swimming modes in the culvert flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results on strained La(sub 2/3)Ca(sub 1/3)MnO3 (LCMO) films that are able to distinguish between true strain effects and effects due simply to the reduced film thickness are reported. The films on SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 are elastically strained and those on NdGao3 are only slightly strained.

The electronic properties of Ce(sub 0.8)Zr(sub 0.2)O(sub 2) are studied using first-principles density-functional calculations, photoemission, and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. The results of density-functional calculations show that the band gap in bulk is smaller than that in bulk CeO2, with the Or atoms in the mixed-metal oxide showing smaller positive charges than the cations.

Chemical reactivity of molybdenum carbide is similar to that of metallic Mo and much larger than that of molybdenum sulfide. Molybdenum carbide is very reactive toward sulfur-containing molecules, being able to break S-O, S-H, and S-C bonds at temperatures below 300K.