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The Internet of Things (IoT) integrates different advanced technologies in which a wireless sensor network (WSN) with many smart micro-sensor nodes is an important portion of building various IoT applications such as smart agriculture systems, smart healthcare systems, smart home or monitoring environments, etc. However, the limited energy resources of sensors and the harsh properties of the WSN deployment environment make routing a challenging task. To defeat this routing quandary, an energy-efficient routing protocol based on grid cells (EEGT) is proposed in this study to improve the lifespan of WSN-based IoT applications. In EEGT, the whole network region is separated into virtual grid cells (clusters) at which the number of sensor nodes is balanced among cells. Then, a cluster head node (CHN) is chosen according to the residual energy and the distance between the sink and nodes in each cell. Moreover, to determine the paths for data delivery inside the cell with small energy utilization, the Kruskal algorithm is applied to connect nodes in each cell and their CHN into a minimum spanning tree (MST). Further, the ant colony algorithm is also used to find the paths of transmitting data packets from CHNs to the sink (outside cell) to reduce energy utilization. The simulation results show that the performance of EEGT is better than the three existing protocols, which are LEACH-C (low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy), PEGASIS (power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems), and PEGCP (maximizing WSN life using power-efficient grid-chain routing protocol) in terms of improved energy efficiency and extended the lifespan of the network.

Using electron beam (EB) irradiation as quarantine treatment for fresh fruits in particular and foods of plant origin in general is a growing trend of the world. Our preliminary results on EB irradiation impacts on Hoa Loc mangoes showed that EB irradiation could be a suitable quarantine treatment for the Hoa Loc mango fruits having weight from 407 to 552g and thickness from 7.3 to 8.0 cm to ensure the dose uniformity ratio (DUR) among irradiated products is within limitation (DUR ≤ 2.5). Main quality parameters of irradiated mangoes were insignificantly affected by exposure to EB with the dose ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 kGy, though their weight loss, the color indices L* (lightness), a* (redness to greenness), b* (yellowness to blueness) and firmness were slightly changed in compared with the control (non-irradiated). The results also revealed that vitamin C concentration of the fruits irradiated at 1 kGy much reduced and the hue angle significant increased by the end of storage. These results suggested that EB irradiation of Hoa Loc mangoes at the generic doses of 0.4 kGy is a feasible quarantine treatment that maintains the main the fruit quality.

Owing to their excellent bioavailability, high bioactivity, and low toxicity, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are emerging nanomaterials. In this study, SeNPs with a size of ∼41.8 nm were synthesised by γ-irradiation using oligochitosan (OCS) as the stabiliser. As-synthesized SeNPs/OCS were characterised by UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Results revealed that the as-obtained SeNP/OCS powder exhibits high purity. The SeNP/OCS solution’s stability test results indicated that the SeNP/OCS solution stored at 4°C exhibits good stability for 60 days. The SeNP/OCS solution was unstable at ambient temperature, and SeNP/OCS exhibited agglomeration after about 15 days. SeNP/OCS products recovered the total white blood cells of γ-ray irradiated mice. The SeNP/OCS product, which was synthesised by a green approach, with high purity and efficient recuperation of white blood cells, can be used potentially as a functional supplement to assist cancer radiotherapy patients.

Energy loss straggling was found to be critical in evaluating the energy reaction using heavy-ion beams during the early stage of experiments at accelerator facilities. Despite a significant attempt in simulating this quantity using computer codes such as LISE++ and SRIM, there still exists a discrepancy between experimental data and computed results. In this study, we provide a greatly improved precision of estimations using the LISE++ code by evaluating the energy loss straggling of the alpha particles at 5.486 MeV in Tb, Ta, and Au materials. After comparing with the observables, it was found that the ratio of the energy loss straggling computed by the LISE++ code to that measured in experiments has a fairly large range of 1.5 - 3.0. For this reason, the so-called modified LISE++ calculation is constructed by adding the adjusting parameters into the original estimation to minimize the uncertainty of the straggling prediction. The modified calculation has shown dramatic improvements in computed energy loss straggling, which are almost similar to those obtained in the measurements, of 5.486-MeV alphas in the aforementioned materials with the atomic numbers in a range of Z = 65 – 79.

Over the past few years, the presence of pharmaceuticals in the natural aquatic environment has received extensive scientific attention because they pose a severe threat to human life, plants, and animals and also to ecosystems of receiving water bodies. Recent investigations have indicated that high to low concentrations of pharmaceuticals are detected in groundwater, drinking water, sewage, sediment, and even marine systems. Therefore pharmaceuticals need to be eliminated from the water source to reduce adverse effects for the aquatic environment. A large number of methods have been used to treat pharmaceuticals, in which photocatalysis has been demonstrated as a promising solution, with an increasing amount of studies in this domain. This study reviews recent developments of heterogeneous photocatalysis for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds in water. The effects of certain parameters such as the characteristics of the catalyst, catalyst loading, pH, light intensity and irradiation time, concentration of pharmaceutical compounds, and photocatalytic mechanism are all discussed. In addition, methods for improving photocatalytic activity and photocatalytic degradation for the elimination of pharmaceutical compounds are also introduced.

In this study, the electron beam (EB) process is employed to remove leucomalachite green (LMG) in an aqueous solution. Besides, the effects of specific factors, i.e., initial pH, absorbed dose, LMG concentration and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration on the removal efficiency, are investigated. The maximum degradation efficiency of LMG (98.2 %) is attained at a pH of 6, absorbed dose of 4 kGy, an LMG concentration of 4 mg/L and an H2O2 concentration of 8 mM. Significant degradation pathways are proposed by LC/MS analysis and theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Our results also indicate that LMG is toxic to microcrustacean Daphia magna, with 48 h- and 96 h median lethal concentrations (LD50) values of 0.617 mg/L and 0.156 mg/L, respectively. An environmentally friendly EB process can degrade a solution of LMG or other organic compounds.

In this study, electron-beam (EB) irradiation was employed for the degradation of tricyclazole (TC) in an aqueous solution and real pesticide industry wastewater (RPW). Acute toxicity tests revealed that TC exhibits low toxicity against Daphnia magna, with LC50 values of 52.81 mg/L, 32.68 mg/L, 24.35 mg/L and 14.56 mg/L for TC at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h, respectively. In contrast, RPW exhibited high toxicity against D. magna, with LC50 values of 0.194%, 0.157%, 0.141% and 0.136% at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h, respectively. Results revealed that the high-efficiency removal of TC in an aqueous solution and RPW are achieved by employing EB. Approximately 96.5% of TC in the solution was decomposed under the optimum conditions of an absorbed dose of 3.5 kGy, a pH of 7.0, and an initial TC concentration of 4 mg/L and a H2O 2 concentration of 4 mM with an operating cost of ∼ 0.92 $/m3, while 99.2% TC and 82.8% TOC from real wastewater was eliminated at an absorbed dose of 4 kGy, and a H2O2 concentration of 5 mM, with an operating cost of 1.13 $/m3. The degradation of EB apparently followed first-order kinetics, with an R 2 of ∼ 0.998. In real wastewater, the central composite design was employed to optimize the absorbed dose and H2O2 concentration and predict the TC and TOC removal efficiencies. Good regression coefficients ( R T C 2 = 0.775 and R T O C 2 = 0.783) of the model revealed fitted correlation between observed and predicted values. In addition, the major degradation pathways of TC were suggested by density functional theory and natural bond orbital calculations.

To know opinions of consumers regarding products or public about important problems in society, then the best and most effective way is to exploit information of community from Internet and social network. Today is an era of information explosion through Internet and social networking, so we are able to exploit effectively information from the huge sources. The opinion of individuals is not only objective information but also contains emotions of the author. It through Internet has big power to make a stream of public opinion that will impact on network community. This is really an enormous subjective information resource, then it will have great meaning for many areas, such as economics, politics, society and culture if we have methods and techniques to exploit it effectively. An automatic system classifying comments based on sentiment is really necessary to exploit efficiently this resource. In order to support users have more concise and appropriate information, then question of summary information should be studied and solved, especially on side of the views and sentiments of each opinion. To exploit the resource effectively to summary information, the paper will propose a text Vietnamese summary model, not only based on semantics but also based on sentiment features. We have built a base model to solve this problem. We have exploited and developted methods summarizing and sentiment analysing for our proposed model. Our system can draw Vietnamese comments from online Vietnamese newspaper, analyze the sentiments of comments, classify them and make a summary of opinions effectively.

Introduction: In the present study, we evaluate the nucleon evaporation, alpha decay, and fission widths in the fusion-fission of the 58Ni+251Cf and 64Zn + 248Cm reactions for the synthesis of the super-heavy 309, 312126 nuclei. Methods: The feasibility of the synthesis of the 309, 312126 isotopes via the mentioned systems is investigated based on the widths. The widths in the excitation energy range of E* = 10 – 100 MeV are calculated in the scope of the statistical model, in which the level density is calculated by using the Fermi-gas model. By employing the LISE++ code, the level densities the compound nuclei, 309, 312126 nuclei, are calculated to be about 105 – 1050 (MeV-1) in the energy range of interest. Results: The lifetime of the compound nuclei, 309, 312126 nuclei, which are estimated based on the total width, is about 10-22-10-20 s. The fission has the largest width compared to those of the alpha decay and nucleon evaporations. Hence, the 58Ni+251Cf and 64Zn + 248Cm combinations are appropriate to the study of the mass distribution. In addition, the large alpha decay widths suggest the 309, 312126 isotopes be the alpha-decay nuclei. Conclusion: The results are expected to be useful for considering measurements at facilities in the near future.

The coastal zone of the Mekong Delta is affected by the impacts of global climate change. Intensity and frequency of storm events and floods are expected to increase. Larger parts of the 245 km long shoreline of Ca Mau province are affected by severe erosion. It is thus necessary to adopt appropriate solutions to protect that shoreline. This study proposes a new type of breakwater structure - hollow cylinder breakwater, which is modified from the traditional semi-circular breakwater. The hollow cylinder breakwater is installed along the shoreline in order to dissipate the wave energy and protect coastal zone. A pilot project using 180 m hollow cylinder breakwater was constructed in Ca Mau province. Sliding and overturning safety factor of the breakwater are analyzed. Finite element method is used to analyze the settlement of the breakwater. It is found that the calculated settlement is in good agreement with monitoring data.

Kefir is fermented from lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeasts and some other groups. It’s is considered as a natural probiotic products. However, there is no clear evidence that proves the probiotic activity of traditional products In this study, we demonstrated its probiotic activity and made an effort to increase the probiotic activity by adding Lactobacillus casei VTCC186 into passionfruit-Kefir. The density of LAB and yeast density increased 1,99 and 2,01 lg(cfu/mL) respectively compared with traditional passionfruitKefir.In addition, we also examined the gastric and bile salt tolerance of products’ microbial flora. Gastric survival rate of traditional Kefir is 39,36% and enrichedprobiotic Kefir is 52,01% after 2 hours. Moreover, products had strong antimicrobial activity and reduced cholesterol.