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Zugleich: Dissertation, Universität Kassel, 2020, gefördert durch die Hans-Böckler-Stiftung

Unternehmen setzen zunehmend interne Crowd Work als ein agiles und innovatives Prinzip zur Arbeitsorganisation ein. Orchestriert durch eine spezielle IT-Plattform agiert die Belegschaft hierbei als ein Pool interner Crowd-Worker/innen, auf die im Leistungserstellungsprozess flexibel zugegriffen wird. Die Studie zeigt, welcher Aufwand nötig ist, damit interne Crowd Work erfolgreich umgesetzt werden kann. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt auf der Perspektive der Beschäftigten: Wie nehmen sie interne Crowd Work wahr? Wie muss diese gestaltet sein, damit sie auch für die Beschäftigten attraktiv ist?

Internal crowd work has emerged as a new form of digital gainful employment that changes the nature of work. However, the possible effects of internal crowd work on the individual level have been largely neglected. In this paper, we therefore present our research in progress which is concerned with the effects of work characteristics in internal crowd work that have impact on the individual’s empowerment and satisfaction. Thus, we developed our research model and conducted an online survey amongst 118 internal crowd workers of a Swiss bank who were asked to test new software. Our expected contribution will increase the understanding of internal crowd work and provide important insights for organizations to (re-) design work on internal IT-platforms.

Aus dem Inhalt: Track 1: Produktion & Cyber-Physische Systeme Requirements and a Meta Model for Exchanging Additive Manufacturing Capacities Service Systems, Smart Service Systems and Cyber- Physical Systems—What’s the difference? Towards a Unified Terminology Developing an Industrial IoT Platform – Trade-off between Horizontal and Vertical Approaches Machine Learning und Complex Event Processing: Effiziente Echtzeitauswertung am Beispiel Smart Factory Sensor retrofit for a coffee machine as condition monitoring and predictive maintenance use case Stakeholder-Analyse zum Einsatz IIoT-basierter Frischeinformationen in der Lebensmittelindustrie Towards a Framework for Predictive Maintenance Strategies in Mechanical Engineering - A Method-Oriented Literature Analysis Development of a matching platform for the requirement-oriented selection of cyber physical systems for SMEs Track 2: Logistic Analytics An Empirical Study of Customers’ Behavioral Intention to Use Ridepooling Services – An Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model Modeling Delay Propagation and Transmission in Railway Networks What is the impact of company specific adjustments on the acceptance and diffusion of logistic standards? Robust Route Planning in Intermodal Urban Traffic Track 3: Unternehmensmodellierung & Informationssystemgestaltung (Enterprise Modelling & Information Systems Design) Work System Modeling Method with Different Levels of Specificity and Rigor for Different Stakeholder Purposes Resolving Inconsistencies in Declarative Process Models based on Culpability Measurement Strategic Analysis in the Realm of Enterprise Modeling – On the Example of Blockchain-Based Initiatives for the Electricity Sector Zwischenbetriebliche Integration in der Möbelbranche: Konfigurationen und Einflussfaktoren Novices’ Quality Perceptions and the Acceptance of Process Modeling Grammars Entwicklung einer Definition für Social Business Objects (SBO) zur Modellierung von Unternehmensinformationen Designing a Reference Model for Digital Product Configurators Terminology for Evolving Design Artifacts Business Role-Object Specification: A Language for Behavior-aware Structural Modeling of Business Objects Generating Smart Glasses-based Information Systems with BPMN4SGA: A BPMN Extension for Smart Glasses Applications Using Blockchain in Peer-to-Peer Carsharing to Build Trust in the Sharing Economy Testing in Big Data: An Architecture Pattern for a Development Environment for Innovative, Integrated and Robust Applications Track 4: Lern- und Wissensmanagement (e-Learning and Knowledge Management) eGovernment Competences revisited – A Literature Review on necessary Competences in a Digitalized Public Sector Say Hello to Your New Automated Tutor – A Structured Literature Review on Pedagogical Conversational Agents Teaching the Digital Transformation of Business Processes: Design of a Simulation Game for Information Systems Education Conceptualizing Immersion for Individual Learning in Virtual Reality Designing a Flipped Classroom Course – a Process Model The Influence of Risk-Taking on Knowledge Exchange and Combination Gamified Feedback durch Avatare im Mobile Learning Alexa, Can You Help Me Solve That Problem? - Understanding the Value of Smart Personal Assistants as Tutors for Complex Problem Tasks Track 5: Data Science & Business Analytics Matching with Bundle Preferences: Tradeoff between Fairness and Truthfulness Applied image recognition: guidelines for using deep learning models in practice Yield Prognosis for the Agrarian Management of Vineyards using Deep Learning for Object Counting Reading Between the Lines of Qualitative Data – How to Detect Hidden Structure Based on Codes Online Auctions with Dual-Threshold Algorithms: An Experimental Study and Practical Evaluation Design Features of Non-Financial Reward Programs for Online Reviews: Evaluation based on Google Maps Data Topic Embeddings – A New Approach to Classify Very Short Documents Based on Predefined Topics Leveraging Unstructured Image Data for Product Quality Improvement Decision Support for Real Estate Investors: Improving Real Estate Valuation with 3D City Models and Points of Interest Knowledge Discovery from CVs: A Topic Modeling Procedure Online Product Descriptions – Boost for your Sales? Entscheidungsunterstützung durch historienbasierte Dienstreihenfolgeplanung mit Pattern A Semi-Automated Approach for Generating Online Review Templates Machine Learning goes Measure Management: Leveraging Anomaly Detection and Parts Search to Improve Product-Cost Optimization Bedeutung von Predictive Analytics für den theoretischen Erkenntnisgewinn in der IS-Forschung Track 6: Digitale Transformation und Dienstleistungen Heuristic Theorizing in Software Development: Deriving Design Principles for Smart Glasses-based Systems Mirroring E-service for Brick and Mortar Retail: An Assessment and Survey Taxonomy of Digital Platforms: A Platform Architecture Perspective Value of Star Players in the Digital Age Local Shopping Platforms – Harnessing Locational Advantages for the Digital Transformation of Local Retail Outlets: A Content Analysis A Socio-Technical Approach to Manage Analytics-as-a-Service – Results of an Action Design Research Project Characterizing Approaches to Digital Transformation: Development of a Taxonomy of Digital Units Expectations vs. Reality – Benefits of Smart Services in the Field of Tension between Industry and Science Innovation Networks and Digital Innovation: How Organizations Use Innovation Networks in a Digitized Environment Characterising Social Reading Platforms— A Taxonomy-Based Approach to Structure the Field Less Complex than Expected – What Really Drives IT Consulting Value Modularity Canvas – A Framework for Visualizing Potentials of Service Modularity Towards a Conceptualization of Capabilities for Innovating Business Models in the Industrial Internet of Things A Taxonomy of Barriers to Digital Transformation Ambidexterity in Service Innovation Research: A Systematic Literature Review Design and success factors of an online solution for cross-pillar pension information Track 7: IT-Management und -Strategie A Frugal Support Structure for New Software Implementations in SMEs How to Structure a Company-wide Adoption of Big Data Analytics The Changing Roles of Innovation Actors and Organizational Antecedents in the Digital Age Bewertung des Kundennutzens von Chatbots für den Einsatz im Servicedesk Understanding the Benefits of Agile Software Development in Regulated Environments Are Employees Following the Rules? On the Effectiveness of IT Consumerization Policies Agile and Attached: The Impact of Agile Practices on Agile Team Members’ Affective Organisational Commitment The Complexity Trap – Limits of IT Flexibility for Supporting Organizational Agility in Decentralized Organizations Platform Openness: A Systematic Literature Review and Avenues for Future Research Competence, Fashion and the Case of Blockchain The Digital Platform Otto.de: A Case Study of Growth, Complexity, and Generativity Track 8: eHealth & alternde Gesellschaft Security and Privacy of Personal Health Records in Cloud Computing Environments – An Experimental Exploration of the Impact of Storage Solutions and Data Breaches Patientenintegration durch Pfadsysteme Digitalisierung in der Stressprävention – eine qualitative Interviewstudie zu Nutzenpotenzialen User Dynamics in Mental Health Forums – A Sentiment Analysis Perspective Intent and the Use of Wearables in the Workplace – A Model Development Understanding Patient Pathways in the Context of Integrated Health Care Services - Implications from a Scoping Review Understanding the Habitual Use of Wearable Activity Trackers On the Fit in Fitness Apps: Studying the Interaction of Motivational Affordances and Users’ Goal Orientations in Affecting the Benefits Gained Gamification in Health Behavior Change Support Systems - A Synthesis of Unintended Side Effects Investigating the Influence of Information Incongruity on Trust-Relations within Trilateral Healthcare Settings Track 9: Krisen- und Kontinuitätsmanagement Potentiale von IKT beim Ausfall kritischer Infrastrukturen: Erwartungen, Informationsgewinnung und Mediennutzung der Zivilbevölkerung in Deutschland Fake News Perception in Germany: A Representative Study of People’s Attitudes and Approaches to Counteract Disinformation Analyzing the Potential of Graphical Building Information for Fire Emergency Responses: Findings from a Controlled Experiment Track 10: Human-Computer Interaction Towards a Taxonomy of Platforms for Conversational Agent Design Measuring Service Encounter Satisfaction with Customer Service Chatbots using Sentiment Analysis Self-Tracking and Gamification: Analyzing the Interplay of Motivations, Usage and Motivation Fulfillment Erfolgsfaktoren von Augmented-Reality-Applikationen: Analyse von Nutzerrezensionen mit dem Review-Mining-Verfahren Designing Dynamic Decision Support for Electronic Requirements Negotiations Who is Stressed by Using ICTs? A Qualitative Comparison Analysis with the Big Five Personality Traits to Understand Technostress Walking the Middle Path: How Medium Trade-Off Exposure Leads to Higher Consumer Satisfaction in Recommender Agents Theory-Based Affordances of Utilitarian, Hedonic and Dual-Purposed Technologies: A Literature Review Eliciting Customer Preferences for Shopping Companion Apps: A Service Quality Approach The Role of Early User Participation in Discovering Software – A Case Study from the Context of Smart Glasses The Fluidity of the Self-Concept as a Framework to Explain the Motivation to Play Video Games Heart over Heels? An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Emotions and Review Helpfulness for Experience and Credence Goods Track 11: Information Security and Information Privacy Unfolding Concerns about Augmented Reality Technologies: A Qualitative Analysis of User Perceptions To (Psychologically) Own Data is to Protect Data: How Psychological Ownership Determines Protective Behavior in a Work and Private Context Understanding Data Protection Regulations from a Data Management Perspective: A Capability-Based Approach to EU-GDPR On the Difficulties of Incentivizing Online Privacy through Transparency: A Qualitative Survey of the German Health Insurance Market What is Your Selfie Worth? A Field Study on Individuals’ Valuation of Personal Data Justification of Mass Surveillance: A Quantitative Study An Exploratory Study of Risk Perception for Data Disclosure to a Network of Firms Track 12: Umweltinformatik und nachhaltiges Wirtschaften Kommunikationsfäden im Nadelöhr – Fachliche Prozessmodellierung der Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation am Kapitalmarkt Potentiale und Herausforderungen der Materialflusskostenrechnung Computing Incentives for User-Based Relocation in Carsharing Sustainability’s Coming Home: Preliminary Design Principles for the Sustainable Smart District Substitution of hazardous chemical substances using Deep Learning and t-SNE A Hierarchy of DSMLs in Support of Product Life-Cycle Assessment A Survey of Smart Energy Services for Private Households Door-to-Door Mobility Integrators as Keystone Organizations of Smart Ecosystems: Resources and Value Co-Creation – A Literature Review Ein Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem zur ökonomischen Bewertung von Mieterstrom auf Basis der Clusteranalyse Discovering Blockchain for Sustainable Product-Service Systems to enhance the Circular Economy Digitale Rückverfolgbarkeit von Lebensmitteln: Eine verbraucherinformatische Studie Umweltbewusstsein durch audiovisuelles Content Marketing? Eine experimentelle Untersuchung zur Konsumentenbewertung nachhaltiger Smartphones Towards Predictive Energy Management in Information Systems: A Research Proposal A Web Browser-Based Application for Processing and Analyzing Material Flow Models using the MFCA Methodology Track 13: Digital Work - Social, mobile, smart On Conversational Agents in Information Systems Research: Analyzing the Past to Guide Future Work The Potential of Augmented Reality for Improving Occupational First Aid Prevent a Vicious Circle! The Role of Organizational IT-Capability in Attracting IT-affine Applicants Good, Bad, or Both? Conceptualization and Measurement of Ambivalent User Attitudes Towards AI A Case Study on Cross-Hierarchical Communication in Digital Work Environments ‘Show Me Your People Skills’ - Employing CEO Branding for Corporate Reputation Management in Social Media A Multiorganisational Study of the Drivers and Barriers of Enterprise Collaboration Systems-Enabled Change The More the Merrier? The Effect of Size of Core Team Subgroups on Success of Open Source Projects The Impact of Anthropomorphic and Functional Chatbot Design Features in Enterprise Collaboration Systems on User Acceptance Digital Feedback for Digital Work? Affordances and Constraints of a Feedback App at InsurCorp The Effect of Marker-less Augmented Reality on Task and Learning Performance Antecedents for Cyberloafing – A Literature Review Internal Crowd Work as a Source of Empowerment - An Empirical Analysis of the Perception of Employees in a Crowdtesting Project Track 14: Geschäftsmodelle und digitales Unternehmertum Dividing the ICO Jungle: Extracting and Evaluating Design Archetypes Capturing Value from Data: Exploring Factors Influencing Revenue Model Design for Data-Driven Services Understanding the Role of Data for Innovating Business Models: A System Dynamics Perspective Business Model Innovation and Stakeholder: Exploring Mechanisms and Outcomes of Value Creation and Destruction Business Models for Internet of Things Platforms: Empirical Development of a Taxonomy and Archetypes Revitalizing established Industrial Companies: State of the Art and Success Principles of Digital Corporate Incubators When 1+1 is Greater than 2: Concurrence of Additional Digital and Established Business Models within Companies Special Track 1: Student Track Investigating Personalized Price Discrimination of Textile-, Electronics- and General Stores in German Online Retail From Facets to a Universal Definition – An Analysis of IoT Usage in Retail Is the Technostress Creators Inventory Still an Up-To-Date Measurement Instrument? Results of a Large-Scale Interview Study Application of Media Synchronicity Theory to Creative Tasks in Virtual Teams Using the Example of Design Thinking TrustyTweet: An Indicator-based Browser-Plugin to Assist Users in Dealing with Fake News on Twitter Application of Process Mining Techniques to Support Maintenance-Related Objectives How Voice Can Change Customer Satisfaction: A Comparative Analysis between E-Commerce and Voice Commerce Business Process Compliance and Blockchain: How Does the Ethereum Blockchain Address Challenges of Business Process Compliance? Improving Business Model Configuration through a Question-based Approach The Influence of Situational Factors and Gamification on Intrinsic Motivation and Learning Evaluation von ITSM-Tools für Integration und Management von Cloud-Diensten am Beispiel von ServiceNow How Software Promotes the Integration of Sustainability in Business Process Management Criteria Catalog for Industrial IoT Platforms from the Perspective of the Machine Tool Industry Special Track 3: Demos & Prototyping Privacy-friendly User Location Tracking with Smart Devices: The BeaT Prototype Application-oriented robotics in nursing homes Augmented Reality for Set-up Processe Mixed Reality for supporting Remote-Meetings Gamification zur Motivationssteigerung von Werkern bei der Betriebsdatenerfassung Automatically Extracting and Analyzing Customer Needs from Twitter: A “Needmining” Prototype GaNEsHA: Opportunities for Sustainable Transportation in Smart Cities TUCANA: A platform for using local processing power of edge devices for building data-driven services Demonstrator zur Beschreibung und Visualisierung einer kritischen Infrastruktur Entwicklung einer alltagsnahen persuasiven App zur Bewegungsmotivation für ältere Nutzerinnen und Nutzer A browser-based modeling tool for studying the learning of conceptual modeling based on a multi-modal data collection approach Exergames & Dementia: An interactive System for People with Dementia and their Care-Network Workshops Workshop Ethics and Morality in Business Informatics (Workshop Ethik und Moral in der Wirtschaftsinformatik – EMoWI’19) Model-Based Compliance in Information Systems - Foundations, Case Description and Data Set of the MobIS-Challenge for Students and Doctoral Candidates Report of the Workshop on Concepts and Methods of Identifying Digital Potentials in Information Management Control of Systemic Risks in Global Networks - A Grand Challenge to Information Systems Research Die Mitarbeiter von morgen - Kompetenzen künftiger Mitarbeiter im Bereich Business Analytics Digitaler Konsum: Herausforderungen und Chancen der Verbraucherinformatik

Crowd work has emerged as new pattern of digitally mediated collaboration. In this paper, we focus on the determinants and effects of crowd workers’ job satisfaction – a perspective that has been largely neglected by current crowdsourcing research. We report results from a survey of 161 crowd workers participating in crowdsourced software testing. Our research shows that job satisfaction mediates the effects of monetary rewards, hedonic value, and cognitive stimulation on the intention to participate in future testing tasks. By contrast, factors of work context (i.e., flexibility and provided information) have no effects. We contribute to the literature by unraveling job satisfaction as causal mechanism influencing future participation. For practice, our results help to design more effective tasks in crowd work.

Digitalization gives rise to dynamic forces shaping future working structures. In practice, companies are increasingly interested in using their own employees as an internal crowd. Drawing on socio-technical systems (STS) perspective, organizations must understand how they can embed an internal crowdsourcing system effectively in order to exploit its potential. In particular, organizations need assistance in designing internal crowdsourcing systems. Thus, we follow an action design research approach and develop comprehensive design guidelines for designing an internal crowdsourcing system. The paper in hand develops the design guidelines by deriving the requirements from literature, developing them further in a bank project and evaluating them with external experts. Furthermore, we assess what tools can cover which part of the system and implement the system. The short paper will present the derived requirements, the first design of the internal crowdsourcing system and explain next steps of the full paper as well as the contribution.

Das Teilprojekt der Universität Kassel befasst sich mit Crowdsourcing-Plattformen als Intermediären zwischen denjenigen, die Arbeit auslagern (Crowdsourcern), und denjenigen, die diese Aufgaben übernehmen (Crowdsourcees). Hierbei liegt das Augenmerk auf Plattformen, auf denen bezahlte Tätigkeiten abgewickelt werden, dementsprechend wird die Art der Tätigkeit dann als Crowdwork, die Arbeiter als Crowdworker und die Plattformen als Crowdworking-Plattformen bezeichnet. Dieser Literaturreport fokussiert auf Crowdworking-Plattformen; Beiträge mit Fokus auf andere Crowdsourcing-Plattformen wie Crowdfunding- oder Crowdvoting-Plattformen und allgemeine Beiträge zu Plattformen werden nur betrachtet, wenn sie relevante Aussagen und Erkenntnisse zum Untersuchungsgegenstand dieses Teilprojektes liefern.

Crowdsourcing, von den einen als innovative Form der Arbeitsorganisation gefeiert, von den anderen als neue Form prekärer Beschäftigung verteufelt, ist inzwischen eines der meist diskutierten Themen in der Debatte um die Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt. Auf der Basis einer Befragung von 434 Crowd Workern bietet diese Studie einen differenzierten Blick auf die Situation von Crowd Workern in Deutschland: Welche Personengruppen bieten ihre Arbeit auf den unterschiedlichen Crowdsourcing-Plattformen an? Wie viel Zeit verwenden sie für die Arbeit in der Crowd? Was verdienen sie? Welche Bedeutung hat die Arbeit in der Crowd für ihren Lebensunterhalt? Wie sichern sie sich sozial ab? Wie zufrieden sind sie? Was wünschen sie sich für ihre berufliche Zukunft?

Crowdsourcing has emerged as new form of digital work organization. This novel socio-technical ar-rangement changes the organization of work as well as its general nature. In this paper, we focus on the crowdworkers – a perspective that has been largely neglected by crowdsourcing research. We re-port results from crowdworker-interviews on two different platforms. Our research shows that quality signals of crowdworkers increase the bargaining power towards their principals, i.e. the crowdsourcers. As a result, the crowdworkers can reach a turning point of critical bargaining power at which the distribution of power shifts in their favor. We contribute to the literature by unraveling signaling behavior as mechanism influencing bargaining power and thus success in crowdsourcing. Beyond, we develop a theoretical model that indicates a shift in bargaining power over time and im-proves our understanding of crowdsourcing as novel way of organizing digital work. For practice, our results provide guidelines for crowdworkers how to improve their position in bargaining in relation to the crowdsourcer.

Mit dem Begriff Crowdsourcing bezeichnete Jeff Howe 2006 den damals neuen Trend, bislang intern erledigte Aufgaben über das Internet an eine unbegrenzte Menge potenziell Mitwirkender (die "crowd") auszulagern ("outsourcing"). Dazu nutzen Unternehmen heute einen wachsenden Markt an externen Crowdsourcing-Plattformen. Die vorliegende Studie bietet einen systematischen Überblick und identifiziert dabei fünf verschiedene Grundformen: (1) Microtask-Plattformen, (2) Marktplatz-Plattformen, (3) Design-Plattformen, (4) Testing-Plattformen und (5) Innovationsplattformen. Diese Grundformen unterscheiden sich in den Steuerungs- und Kontrollmechanismen sowie den Anreizstrukturen und Vergütungsformen, mit denen sie die Arbeit in der Crowd organisieren.

Crowdsourcing has emerged as new pattern of digitally mediated collaboration. It refers to the outsourcing of certain tasks to an undefined mass of people through an open call. In a crowdsourcing model is always the role of the client; we call crowdsourcer, and the role of undefined contractors, the crowdsourcees or crowdworker. This novel socio-technical arrangement changes the organization of work as well as its general nature and is gaining popularity in recent years. Companies can apply crowdsourcing along their entire value chain and give almost any task to the crowd. These tasks can be roughly divided into three categories (crowdvoting, crowdfunding, crowdcreation) depending on the effort of the crowdworkers. Crowdsourcing differs from existing coordination mechanisms and occurs in an internal and an external form. Whereas external crowdsourcing describes the outsourcing of tasks beyond the company's boundaries through an intermediary, the internal form can be observed by the example of IBM, which uses their own globally distributed workforce as a crowd. While the internal crowdworker as employees retain their participation as well as protection rights and benefit from collective regulations, external crowdsourcing lacks in similar arrangements. Nevertheless, we recognize several motivations of crowdworkers to participate in crowdsourcing initiatives. Besides the monetary compensation, there are other extrinsic and intrinsic motives like social exchange or fun working in the crowd. In general, companies using crowdsourcing benefit from the access to a large pool of knowledge and expertise but also facing risks of losing control or the outflow of internal know-how. Similarly, the individual crowdworkers have advantages in a higher self-determination as well as flexibility and new employment opportunities. However, there are also risks for the crowdworkers, which are based in monotonous work processes, lower rewards or the lack of a legal framework. Hence, there are major challenges in the implementation of crowdsourcing and that is why further research is essential. On the one hand the impact of crowdsourcing on the workforce and changes in work organization should be on the research agenda. On the other hand further research must seek to ensure fair working conditions, because crowdsourcing sustainably changes the nature of work and the availability of labor. It leads to technical, organizational, juristic and social challenges but also opens up chances in new business models and services.

As software development cycles become shorter and shorter, while software complexity in-creases and IT budgets stagnate, many companies are looking for new ways of acquiring and sourcing knowledge outside their boundaries. One promising solution to aggregate know-how and manage large distributed teams in software development is crowdsourcing. This paper analyzes the existing body of knowledge regarding crowdsourcing in software development. As a result, we propose a fundamental framework with five dimensions to structure the existing insights of crowdsourcing in the context of software development and to derive a research agenda to guide further research.

Die voranschreitende Digitalisierung ebnet den Pfad für die zunehmende Verbreitung innovativer Arbeitsorganisationsmodelle wie "Crowdsourcing" bzw. "Crowd Work". Diese entwickelten sich in den letzten Jahren für viele Unternehmen zu einer ernstzunehmenden Alternative zur Aufgabenbearbeitung. Hierbei greifen Unternehmen über das Netz auf ein grosses Reservoir an Arbeitskräften schnell und gezielt zurück. Es werden Aufgaben an eine grosse Menge an Individuen - der so genannten Crowd - verteilt, deren Mitglieder die einzelnen Tätigkeiten über ihre persönlichen Rechner auch asynchron und dezentral erledigen können. Dadurch können Informationen, Ideen und Lösungen von Menschen aus der ganzen Welt mit geringem Aufwand aggregiert und im Leistungserstellungsprozess integriert werden. Für die Mitglieder einer Crowd bzw. für die Individuen, die von Unternehmen ausgelagerte Aufgaben übernehmen, stellen solche Konzepte neue Chancen und Herausforderungen dar: Sie agieren hierbei als Digital Worker bzw. Crowd Worker und übernehmen kollektiv Aufgaben, die typischerweise von den Mitarbeitern innerhalb eines Unternehmens vollzogen werden (Digital Working bzw. Crowd Working). In diesem Beitrag analysieren wir Crowd Work als ein mögliches Zukunftsmodell der Organisation wissensintensiver Arbeit - vor allem im Bereich der Anwendungsentwicklung. Hierfür gehen wir einerseits auf mögliche Arbeitsformen und Arbeitsprozesse im Rahmen von Crowd Work ein. Andererseits setzen wir uns mit der Perspektive der Crowd Worker - also der Menschen, die in einer Crowd arbeiten, auseinander.