Search

Amaç: Miyopi şiddetinin maküla damar yoğunluğuna, foveal avasküler zon genişliğine ve foveal avasküler zondaki foveal damar yoğunluğuna etkisini optik koherans tomografi anjiyografi ile değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya hafif miyop olan 50 göz (grup 1), orta miyop olan 50 göz (grup 2) ve yüksek miyop olan 50 göz (grup 3) olmak üzere toplam 150 miyop göz dahil edildi. Katılımcıların optik koherans tomografi anjiyografi ile maküler yüzeyel kapiller pleksus ve derin kapiller pleksus damar yoğunluğu, foveal avasküler zon genişliği, foveal avasküler zon foveal damar yoğunluğu ölçümleri yapıldı. Optik biyometri ile aksiyel uzunluk ölçümleri de yapıldı. Bulgular: Yüzeyel kapiller pleksus ve derin kapiller pleksusun damar yoğunluğu ve foveal avasküler zon foveal damar yoğunluğu grup 3’te anlamlı olarak daha düşük iken (p0,05). Aksiyel uzunluk ile yüzeyel kapiller pleksus damar yoğunluğu ve foveal avasküler zon foveal damar yoğunluğu arasında negatif korelasyon saptanırken aksiyel uzunluk ile derin kapiller pleksusun damar yoğunluğu ve foveal avasküler zon genişliği arasında herhangi korelasyon saptanmadı (p>0,05). Sonuç: Miyopi şiddetinin artışı ile yüzeyel kapiller pleksus ve derin kapiller pleksus damar yoğunluğu, foveal avasküler zon foveal damar yoğunluğu azalmakta ancak foveal avasküler zon boyutu etkilenmemektedir. Miyopi ile ilişkili komplikasyonların daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için geniş ölçekli daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır. Objective: To evaluate the effect of myopia severity on macular vessel density, foveal avascular zone width and foveal avascular zone foveal vessel density by optical coherence tomography angiography. Material and Method: A total of 150 myopic eyes, including 50 eyes with mild myopia (group 1), 50 eyes with moderate myopia (group 2), and 50 eyes with high myopia (group 3), were included in the study. Macular superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus vessel density, foveal avascular zone width, foveal avascular zone foveal vessel density measurements with optical coherence tomography angiography and axial length measurements with optical biometry were performed. Results: While the vascular density and foveal avascular zone foveal vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus were significantly lower in group 3 (p0.05). In addition, there was a negative correlation between axial length and superficial capillary plexus vessel density and foveal avascular zone foveal vessel density, but no correlation was found between axial length and deep capillary plexus vessel density and foveal avascular zone width (p>0.05). Conclusions: With the increase in myopia severity, superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus vascular density and foveal avascular zone foveal vessel density decrease, but foveal avascular zone width is not affected. More large-scale studies are needed to better understand the complications associated with myopia.

Amaç:Bu çalışmada yaşa bağlı maküla dejenerasyonu(YBMD) hastalarının renkli doppler ultrasonografi(RDUSG) kullanarak oküle r kan akımlarınındeğerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem:Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi GözHastalıkları kliniğinde YBMD tanılı hastalar çalışmaya dâhiledildi. Görme keskinliği ve göz içi basıncı ölçümleri ile önve arka segment muayenesi yap ılarak bulgular kaydedildi.RDUSG ile posterior silier arter (PSA), santral retinal arter(SRA) ve oftalmik arter (OA) ortalama sistolik zirve hızı(PSV), end diastolik hız (EDV) ve rezistivite özdirençindeksi (RI) değerleri ölçüldü.Bulgular:YBMD tanısı yla takipleri bulunan 50 yaşüzerindeki 39 hasta çalışmaya alındı. 39 hastanın 15’i kadın(%38.46), 24’ü erkek (%61.54) idi. Ortalama yaş 72.2 ± 8.3idi. YBMD olan ve olmayan gözler arasında her üç artere aitPSV, EDV ve RI değerleri bakımından istatistik sel olarakanlamlı fark izlenmedi (p>0.05). İstatistiksel açıdan birgözünde YBMD olan ve diğer gözünde YBMD olmayan 11hastada OA, SRA, PSA’ya ait ortalama PSV, EDV, RIdeğerleri bakımından gözler arasında anlamlı fark izlenmedi(p>0.05). Neovasküler YBMD olan olgular ile kurutipYBMD olan olgular arasında PCA ve SRA’ya ait ortalamaRI değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu(p0.05). In 11 patients AMD was unilateral. There was no statistically significant difference between the eyes in those patients in terms of mean PSV, EDV and RI values of OA, SRA and PCA (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean RI values of PCA and SRA in cases with neovascular-AMD and nonneovascular-AMD (p

İnsanlar zamanının büyük bir bölümünü kapalı ortamda geçirmektedir. Bu nedenle geçen yıllar boyunca konforlu ortamın sağlanması için hep arayış içinde olunmuştur. Günümüzde gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte uygun sıcaklık değerleri ve hava kalitesi sağlanabilirken aynı zamanda otomatik kontrolü de yapılabilmektedir. Ancak artık ısıtma-soğutma sistemlerinin enerji verimliliği de önem kazanmış ve çalışmalar bu yönde de ilerlemektedir.Bu çalışmada, ısıtma soğutma sistemi olarak geniş kullanım alanı olan fan coil sistem ile VRF sistemi 7000 m2 kapalı alana sahip bir eğitim binasında ayrı ayrı projelendirilmiştir. Projesi tasarımı yapılan VRF ve fan coil sistemlerinin yatırım maliyetleri, yaz ve kış dönemleri için işletme maliyetleri hesaplanarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca iki sistem, konfor şartları, gürültü düzeyleri, işletme kolaylığı, montaj ve devreye alma gibi konularda da incelenerek sistemlerin artı ve eksi yönleri gösterilmiştir.Isıtma-soğutma sistemleri tasarlanırken genelde yatırımcının istekleri ve kullanıcıların ihtiyaçları temel alınsa da, tasarımdaki diğer önemli unsur sistemin verimli olmasıdır. Isıtma soğutma sistemlerinin enerji tüketimlerini hesaplamak ve bu hesabı ilk yatırım maliyeti ile birlikte değerlendirmek en doğru sistemi seçmek konusunda yol gösterecektir. Bu çalışmada da bir eğitim binasında VRF ve fan coil sistemlerinin yatırım maliyetleri ve işletme maliyetleri hesaplanarak iki sistemin verimlilik analizinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Değerlendirmelerde, iklimlendirme sistem seçimlerinde binanın mimari özelliklerinin, ısı yalıtımının ve sistemlerde kullanılan cihazların enerji verimlilik değerlerinin, enerji maliyetlerinde önemli yer tuttuğu görülmüştür. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VRF AND FAN COIL SYSTEMS FOR AN EDUCATION BUILDINGSUMMARYPeople spend a large part of their time in the indoor environment. For this reason, it has always been in search of a comfortable environment for years to come. Nowadays, with the developing technology, suitable temperature values and air quality can be provided while automatic control can also be made. However, energy efficiency of heating-cooling systems has gained importance and studies are proceeding in this direction. In this study, VRF system and a fan coil system which has wide usage area as a heating cooling system, has been designed separately in an educational building has 7000 m2 closed area. The investment costs of the VRF and fan coil systems were compared with the operating costs for summer and winter periods. In addition, two system are examined for comfort conditions, noise levels, ease of operation, installation and commissioning and shown in the issues such as the plus and minus aspects of the system.While the design of heating-cooling systems is generally based on the needs of investors and the needs of the users, the other important element in the design is that the system is efficient. Calculating the energy consumption of heating and cooling systems and evaluating this calculation together with the initial investment cost will guide us to choose the right system. In this study, it is aimed to compare the efficiency analysis of the two systems by calculating the investment and operating costs of VRF and fan coil systems in an education building.In the assessments, in the selection of air conditioning system, the architectural features of the building, heat insulation and energy efficiency values of the devices used in the systems have an important role in energy costs. 176

Amaç: Primer açık açılı glokom (PAAG) hastalarında görme alanı (GA) indeksleri ile optikal koherens tomografi (OKT) ölçümleri arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi ve glokomatöz progresyonun erken tespitindeki rollerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler: 2007 Ocak ile 2012 Haziran tarihleri arasında Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Göz Hastalıkları Glokom Biriminde takipli, ilaç tedavisiyle göz içi basıncı kontrolü sağlanan, PAAG tanısı almış 72 hastanın 84 gözü çalışmaya alındı. GA’daki MD değeri temel alınarak glokom evrelemesi yapıldı. Buna göre; Grup 1 MD ≥-6dB olan “erken evre glokom” hastalarını, Grup 2 MD -6dB ile -12dB arası olan “orta evre glokom” hastalarını, Grup 3 MD ≤-12dB olan “ileri evre glokom” hastalarını kapsamaktaydı. Ölçülen OKT değerleri ile GA değerleri arasındaki ilişki incelendi. Ayrıca gruplardaki hastaların ortalama optik sinir başı (OSB) ve retina sinir lifi tabakası (RSLT) kalınlıkları hesaplanarak gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı ve glokom evresi ile OKT’de ölçülen RSLT kalınlığı arasındaki ilişki değerlendirildi. MD’de 2 dB artış ve Avg Thickness’da 20 µm incelme progresyon olarak kabul edilerek, GA ve OKT’ deki progresyon oranları hesaplandı. Bulgular: GA; MD indeksi ile OKT; Smax/Tavg, Imax/Tavg, Smax/Navg, Max-Min, Smax, Imax, Savg, Iavg, Avgthick, RA, RCSA, RV, CA, CV, CDHR, CDVR, CDAR parametreleri arasında güçlü pozitif korelasyon görüldü. GA; PSD indeksi ile OKT; Smax/Imax, Max-Min, Smax, Imax, Savg, Iavg, AvgThick, DA, RA, RCSA, RV, CA, CV, CDHR, CDVR, CDAR parametreleri arasında istatistiksel olarak pozitif korelasyon izlendi. Çalışmamızda PAAG alt grupları açısından da ortalama RSLT kalınlığı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olduğu saptandı. Glokomun evresi arttıkça ortalama RSLT kalınlığının azaldığı tespit edildi. Tüm hastaların GA ve OKT parametrelerin ilk ve son ölçümleri arasındaki ilişki incelenerek progresyon araştırıldı. Hastaların %25’inde GA’da progresyon, %29,6’sında OKT’de progresyon saptandı. GA’da progresyon saptanan tüm hastalarda OKT’de de progresyon vardı. Olguların %4,6’sında GA’da progresyon olmaksızın OKT’de progresyon olduğu görüldü. Sonuç: Glokomda GA indeksleri ile OKT parametreleri arasında anlamlı bir pozitif korelasyonun olduğu görüldü. Glokomatöz progresyonun erken tanısı için OKT’de RSLT kalınlığı takibi GA indekslerinden daha erken bulgu verdiğinden glokom takibinde ümit vericidir, Objective: To evaluate the relationship between visual field in­dices and optical coherence tomography measurements in pri­mary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and to investigate the role of early detection of glaucomatous progression. Methods: 84 eyes of 72 patients who diagnosed with POAG that controlled with medical treatment at Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Unit of Ophthalmology Glaucoma follow-up between January 2007 and June 2012 included to the study. Glaucoma staging was done according to the value of visual field (VF) MD. Patients MD value ≥ -6dB (early-stage glaucoma) patients in­cluded in Group 1, MD value between -6dB and -12dB (middle-stage glaucoma) in Group 2 and MD value ≤-12dB (advanced stage glaucoma) in Group 3. The relationship between measured Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) values and VF values has been examined. In addition, patients in each group were com­pared among groups by calculating the average optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured by OCT with the stage of glaucoma and the relationship between RNFL thickness values was examined. 2 dB increase in MD and 20 microns thinning in Avg Thickness have been accepted as a progression and OCT in VF progression rates were calculated. Results: There was a strong relationship between VF MD index and OCT Smax/Tavg, Imax/Tavg, Smax/Navg, Max-Min, Smax, Imax, Savg, Iavg, Avgthick, RA, RCSA, RV, CA, CV, CDHR, CDVR, CDAR parameters. Significant correlation between the parameters of VF PSD index and OCT and Smax / Imax, Max-Min, Smax, Imax, Savg, Iavg, Avgthick, DA, RA, RCSA, RV, CA, CV, CDHR, CDVR, CDAR were found statistically. Also there were statistically significant differences in RNFL thickness be­tween sub-groups of POAG in our study. The average RNFL thickness decreased with increasing stage of glaucoma. To in­vestigate the progression, first and last measurements of VF and OCT parameters were compared in all patients. VF and OCT progression was found in 25% and 29,6% of patients respec­tively. In 4,6% of patients OCT progression observed without VF progression. Conclusion: There was a strong correlation between indices of VF and OCT measurements. OCT RNFL thickness in the moni­toring of early progression in glaucoma are promising in terms of providing follow-up of glaucoma because it detects early signs before VF analysis.

Mine Yildirim,Deniz Kilic,Mehmet Emin Dursun,Birgul Dursun Department of Ophthalmology, Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey Abstract: In this report, we present a case of diabetic papillopathy that resolved after a single dose of intravitreal ranibizumab injection. A 50-year-old male presented with painless visual loss in his right eye. His visual acuity was 1/10 in the right eye and 10/10 in the left eye. Anterior segment examination of both eyes was unremarkable. Posterior segment of the right eye showed nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy with a swollen optic disc. Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography were performed. There was dye leakage from the right optic disc. Optical coherence tomography revealed a significant increase in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbit were normal. The patient received a single intravitreal ranibizumab (0.5 mg) injection. Two weeks after the injection, there was a marked regression of the disc swelling. Three months after the injection the optic disc was pallor and visual acuity was 6/10. Keywords: diabetic papillopathy, optic disc swelling, ranibizumab, optical coherence tomograpy

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between visual field in­dices and optical coherence tomography measurements in pri­mary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and to investigate the role of early detection of glaucomatous progression. Methods: 84 eyes of 72 patients who diagnosed with POAG that controlled with medical treatment at Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Unit of Ophthalmology Glaucoma follow-up between January 2007 and June 2012 included to the study. Glaucoma staging was done according to the value of visual field (VF) MD. Patients MD value ≥ -6dB (early-stage glaucoma) patients in­cluded in Group 1, MD value between -6dB and -12dB (middle-stage glaucoma) in Group 2 and MD value ≤-12dB (advanced stage glaucoma) in Group 3. The relationship between measured Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) values and VF values has been examined. In addition, patients in each group were com­pared among groups by calculating the average optic nerve head (ONH) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured by OCT with the stage of glaucoma and the relationship between RNFL thickness values was examined. 2 dB increase in MD and 20 microns thinning in Avg Thickness have been accepted as a progression and OCT in VF progression rates were calculated. Results: There was a strong relationship between VF MD index and OCT Smax/Tavg, Imax/Tavg, Smax/Navg, Max-Min, Smax, Imax, Savg, Iavg, Avgthick, RA, RCSA, RV, CA, CV, CDHR, CDVR, CDAR parameters. Significant correlation between the parameters of VF PSD index and OCT and Smax / Imax, Max-Min, Smax, Imax, Savg, Iavg, Avgthick, DA, RA, RCSA, RV, CA, CV, CDHR, CDVR, CDAR were found statistically. Also there were statistically significant differences in RNFL thickness be­tween sub-groups of POAG in our study. The average RNFL thickness decreased with increasing stage of glaucoma. To in­vestigate the progression, first and last measurements of VF and OCT parameters were compared in all patients. VF and OCT progression was found in 25% and 29,6% of patients respec­tively. In 4,6% of patients OCT progression observed without VF progression. Conclusion: There was a strong correlation between indices of VF and OCT measurements. OCT RNFL thickness in the moni­toring of early progression in glaucoma are promising in terms of providing follow-up of glaucoma because it detects early signs before VF analysis. Amaç: Primer açık açılı glokom (PAAG) hastalarında görme ala­nı (GA) indeksleri ile optikal koherens tomografi (OKT) ölçümleri arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi ve glokomatöz progresyo­nun erken tespitindeki rollerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler: 2007 Ocak ile 2012 Haziran tarihleri arasında Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Göz Hastalıkları Glokom Biriminde ta­kipli, ilaç tedavisiyle göz içi basıncı kontrolü sağlanan, PAAG ta­nısı almış 72 hastanın 84 gözü çalışmaya alındı. GA’daki MD de­ğeri temel alınarak glokom evrelemesi yapıldı. Buna göre; Grup 1 MD ≥-6dB olan “erken evre glokom” hastalarını, Grup 2 MD -6dB ile -12dB arası olan “orta evre glokom” hastalarını, Grup 3 MD ≤-12dB olan “ileri evre glokom” hastalarını kapsamaktaydı. Ölçülen OKT değerleri ile GA değerleri arasındaki ilişki incelendi. Ayrıca gruplardaki hastaların ortalama optik sinir başı (OSB) ve retina sinir lifi tabakası (RSLT) kalınlıkları hesaplanarak gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı ve glokom evresi ile OKT’de ölçülen RSLT kalınlığı arasındaki ilişki değerlendirildi. MD’de 2 dB artış ve Avg Thickness’da 20 μm incelme progresyon olarak kabul edilerek, GA ve OKT’ deki progresyon oranları hesaplandı. Bulgular: GA; MD indeksi ile OKT; Smax/Tavg, Imax/Tavg, Smax/Navg, Max-Min, Smax, Imax, Savg, Iavg, Avgthick, RA, RCSA, RV, CA, CV, CDHR, CDVR, CDAR parametreleri arasın­da güçlü pozitif korelasyon görüldü. GA; PSD indeksi ile OKT; Smax/Imax, Max-Min, Smax, Imax, Savg, Iavg, AvgThick, DA, RA, RCSA, RV, CA, CV, CDHR, CDVR, CDAR parametreleri ara­sında istatistiksel olarak pozitif korelasyon izlendi. Çalışmamızda PAAG alt grupları açısından da ortalama RSLT kalınlığı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olduğu saptandı. Glokomun evresi arttıkça ortalama RSLT kalınlığının azaldığı tespit edildi. Tüm hastaların GA ve OKT parametrelerin ilk ve son ölçümleri arasındaki ilişki incelenerek progresyon araştırıldı. Hastaların %25’inde GA’da progresyon, %29,6’sında OKT’de progresyon saptandı. GA’da progresyon saptanan tüm hastalarda OKT’de de progresyon vardı. Olguların %4,6’sında GA’da progresyon olmaksızın OKT’de progresyon olduğu görüldü. Sonuç: Glokomda GA indeksleri ile OKT parametreleri arasın­da anlamlı bir pozitif korelasyonun olduğu görüldü. Glokomatöz progresyonun erken tanısı için OKT’de RSLT kalınlığı takibi GA indekslerinden daha erken bulgu verdiğinden glokom takibinde ümit vericidir

Amaç: Konjenital katarakt operasyonu sonrası oluşan refraktif hata değişiklerini SRK, SRK-T, SRK-II, Binkhorst-II ve HoIIaday-1 formüllerini kullanarak saptamak.Metod ve Materyal: Dicle üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Göz Hastalıkları Kliniği'nde Eylül 2006-Mart 2009 tarihleri arasında konjenital katarakt nedeniyle katarakt ekstraksiyonu ile birlikte göz içi lens implantasyonu yapılan 46 hastanın 82 gözü çalışmaya alındı. Olgular aksiyel uzunluğuna göre; Grup 1: 22 mm'den küçük aksiyel uzunlukta kısa gözler. Grup 2: 22- 24 mm arası aksiyel uzunlukta olan normal gözler. Grup 3: 24 mm'den büyük aksiyel uzunluğa sahip uzun gözler olarak üç gruba ayrıldı. Operasyon sonrası refraktif hatalar sferik değere silindirik değerin yarısı (sferik eşdeğer) eklenerek hesaplandı. Her bir formülle hesaplamadan sonra beklenen refraktif hatadan operasyondan sonraki gerçek hata çıkarılarak mutlak refraktif hata hesaplandı. Her hasta için 1.ay, 3.ay, 6.ay ve 12.ayda mutlak refraktif hata değeri ölçüldü.Bulgular: Operasyon sonrası tüm olgularda 1.ay,3.ay,6.ay ve 12.ayda refraksiyon hatalarında formüller arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olmadığını tespit ettik. Alt grupları incelediğimizde normalden kısa gözlerde de normal gözlerde olduğu gibi formüller arasında farklılık saptamadık. Mutlak refraktif hata değerleri açısından formülleri değerlendirdiğimiz zaman normalden uzun gözlerde Binhorst-II ve Holladay-1 formülleri SRK, SRK-II ve SRK-T'ye göre daha düşük hata değerleri vermektedir. Ayrıca olgularımızda 1.aydan 12.aya doğru gidildikçe erken yaşta daha fazla olmak üzere miyopiye doğru kayma saptadık.Sonuç: Konjenital katarakt operasyonu sonrası mutlak refraktif hata açısından uzun aksiyel uzunluktaki olgularda Binkhorst-II ve Holladay-1 formülleri daha güvenilirdir. Purpose: To determine refractive error changes which arise after congenital cataract surgery using SRK, SRK-T, SRK-II, Binkhorst-II and HoIIaday-1 formulas.Material and Methods: Eighty two eyes of 46 patients were analyzed which cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation applied because of congenital cataract at Dicle University Medical Faculty Department of Ophtalmology, between September -2006 and March-2009. According to axial length they were separated into three group; Group 1: shorten then 22 mm axial short eyes. Group between 2: 22- 24 mm axial normal eyes. Group 3: longer than 24 mm axial long eyes. After operation, refractive errors were calculated by adding half cylindrical to spherical valance. After calculation with each formula, absolute refractive error was calculated by ejecting expected mistake from post operation real mistake. For each patient, the absolute refractive error valance was measured in the period of 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th monthsResults: In all post operation cases, we ascertained that there was not statistically meaningful refraction error difference between formulas in the 1.monht, 3.month, 6.month and 12.month. When we analyzed the subgroups, both in the eyes shorter than normal and in the eyes longer than normal, we did not determine difference between formulas. If we evaluate the formulas in terms of absolute refractive error valance, in the eyes longer than normal, Binhorst-II and Holladay-1 formulas give less error than SRK, SRK-II and SRK-T. Also in our cases we determined that there was tendency to myopia more in the early age from first month to twelfth month.Conclusion: In the terms of post congenital cataract surgery absolute refractive error, in the long axial cases Binkhorst-II and Holladay-1 formulas are more reliable. 65

Purpose: Ocular microvascular networks and variables were analyzed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who had no pathological findings in their routine ophthalmologic examinations. Methods: The study included 31 patients with a diagnosis of MM and 30 healthy controls. The ophthalmologic examination findings and OCTA measurements of the participants were prospectively analyzed. We evaluated the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) vessel density (VD) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) VD in macular region, radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) VD, optic nerve head (ONH) VD and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area. Results: The samples were gender-balanced, and there were no significant differences in age or gender between the MM and control groups. From the OCTA, all the ONH-VD measurements, except for the peripapillary and superotemporal parameters, were found to be significantly lower in MM patients than in the control group; the same was found for the whole image, inferonasal, superonasal, and superotemporal RPC-VD values; for all the SCP-VD values, except for the inferior hemi and temporal; and for all the DCP-VD values. It was also observed that the deep FAZ area was wider in the MM group than in the control group. Conclusions: We detected decreased VD in deep and superficial macular retinal areas, papillary, peripapillary regions, suggesting decreased blood flow and possible ischemia in MM patients. Therefore, obtaining information on ischemia by using a noninvasive and easily measurable method such as OCTA, may be beneficial in terms of follow-up and treatment but this needs to be supported by further, larger studies.

Purpose To demonstrate the effects of the disease on the corneal endothelium in individuals recovering from COVID-19 through specular microscopy. Methods Eighty individuals recovering from COVID-19 (group 1) and 72 healthy controls (group 2) were included in this prospective study. After examining visual acuity, refractive defect detection, anterior and posterior segment examinations, and specular microscopy measurements were calculated from images with at least 100 cells. The mean cell density (CD), mean coefficient of variation (CV), mean hexagonal cell percentage, mean cell area (AVG), and central corneal thickness (CCT) were evaluated. Results The mean time from diagnosis of the disease in group 1 was 54.25 ± 6.36 days. The mean time elapsed since the PCR test became negative was 38.45 ± 6.87 days. Only four were treated in the hospital. Specular microscopy data showed that the CD was 2713.56 ± 246.25 and 2845.80 ± 299.27 in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.003). The CV values were 42.92 ± 6.79 and 40.16 ± 5.97, respectively (p = 0.009). The hexagonality were 46.51 ± 7.35 and 49.12 ± 6.87, respectively (p = 0.024). The AVG was 371.60 ± 34.64 and 353.16 ± 35.29, respectively (p = 0.007). The CCT values were 553.00 ± 73.2, and 526.84 ± 33.57, respectively (p = 0.005). Conclusion A decrease in the number of endothelial cells and hexagonal cells (polymorphism) as well as an increase in the cell area change coefficient (polymegatism) and the average cell area were observed from corneal specular microscopic examination of individuals recovering from COVID-19 in the early period of the disease. These results may be important in understanding the systemic effects of the disease.

Purpose To recognize dysfunctions in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) with changes in dynamic and static pupillary responses in patients who recovered from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) Methods One month after recovery from COVID-19, patients were subjected to eye examinations. Pupillary responses were measured using a pupillometry system. Dynamic pupil parameters (i.e., pupil contraction amplitude, pupil dilatation latency, pupil contraction latency, pupil dilatation duration, pupil dilatation velocity, pupil contraction duration, pupil contraction velocity, resting pupil diameter [PD]) and static pupil parameters (i.e., mesopic PD, scotopic PD, high photopic PD, and low photopic PD) were registered. Results Although high photopic and scotopic PDs were significantly higher in patients recovering from COVID-19 than in healthy controls (P = 0.04 and P = 0.002), no statistically significant difference was found in mesopic and low photopic PD (P = 0.19 and P = 0.41). Regarding dynamic pupillometry parameters, resting PD and pupil contraction velocity (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively) were significantly higher in patients recovering from COVID-19 than in healthy controls (P

WOS:000632380600003 PMID: 33763793 Purpose We aimed to reveal whether static and dynamic pupillary responses can be used for the detection of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Methods We included in this study patients with OSAS, who were divided into three groups according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (group 1, mild [n = 20]; group 2, moderate [n = 20]; and group 3, severe [n = 20]), and healthy controls (group 4, n = 20). Pupillary responses were measured using a pupillometry system. Results Static (mesopic PD, P = 0.0019; low photopic PD, P = 0.001) and dynamic pupil responses (resting diameter, P = 0.004; amplitude of pupil contraction, P < 0.001; duration of pupil contraction, P = 0.022; velocity of pupil contraction, P = 0.001; and velocity of pupil dilation, P = 0.012) were affected in patients with different OSAS severities. Also, AHI was negatively correlated with mesopic PD (P = 0.008), low photopic PD (P = 0.003), resting diameter (P = 0.001), amplitude of pupil contraction (P < 0.001), duration of pupil contraction (P = 0.011), velocity of pupil contraction (P < 0.001), and velocity of pupil dilation (P = 0.001). Conclusion We detected pupil responses innervated by the ANS were affected in the OSAS patients. This effect was more significant in the severe OSAS patients. Therefore, the pupillometry system can be an easily applicable, noninvasive method to detect ANS dysfunction in the OSA patients.

The aim of this study was to determine whether the dopamine agonist (DA) drug cabergoline used in the treatment of prolactinoma causes autonomic dysfunction by measuring static and dynamic pupillary responses. The study included 25 eyes from 25 patients who were receiving DA for the treatment of prolactinoma and 25 eyes from 25 healthy individuals. Static and dynamic pupillary responses were measured by automatic quantitative pupillometry. The scotopic pupillary diameter was found to be significantly higher in patients receiving DA medication compared with the control group, while pupil contraction time and pupillary dilatation latency were significantly lower. DA drug use changes static and dynamic pupillary responses, probably by increasing sympathetic tone. Pupillometry can be used as a non-invasive method to provide information about changes in the autonomic nervous system in patients receiving such drug therapy.

Purpose: This study compared the blood inflammatory parameters between early preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) who were treated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) and those who did not need treatment. Materials and Methods: One hundred and six infants were included in the study. Early preterm infants with a gestational age (GA) ≤ 32 weeks and birth weight (BW) ≤ 1500 gm were included. These infants were divided into three groups: infants without ROP (group 1), infants with ROP who did not require treatment (group 2) and infants with ROP who were treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF (group 3). In the first week, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) of the groups were calculated and compared. Results: Of 106 infants, 38 (35.8%) were in group 1, 30 (28.3%) were in group 2 and 38 (35.8%) were in group 3. GA was 24.89 ± 1.48 weeks, and BW was significantly lower in group 3, 775.21 ± 175.11 gm. (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of NLR, MLR and PLR (p = 0.833, p = 0.918 and p = 0.082, respectively). Logistic regression analysis was performed; BW was a statistically significant independent risk factor (OR: 0,999 %CI: 0,992-0,999 p = 0.022) associated with ROP that required treatment. Conclusion: It was shown that systemic inflammation parameters, including NLR, MLR and PLR, are not a reliable marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of ROP.

Purpose: Using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), we sought to determine whether there are retinal microvascular changes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Method: The study included 56 patients diagnosed with OSAS by polysomnography [21 patients with mild OSAS (group 1), 14 with moderate OSAS (group 2) and 21 with severe OSAS (group 3)], and 26 healthy individuals as a control group (group 4). The vascular densities of the superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus of the retinal segmentations, together with the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) width, were measured for all participants, using OCTA.Result: Compared with the control group, vascular densitiy in whole image of superficial capillary plexus were found to be significantly lower in group 2. In addition, vascular densitiy in fovea region of superficial capillary plexus was significantly lower in group 1 than the control group. In deep capillary plexus, vascular densitiy of whole image, superior hemi and nasal regions were found to be significantly lower in group 2 and group 3 compared with the control group. Parafoveal region in group 3 had significantly lower vascular densities than the controls. A significantly larger FAZ was also found in group 1 and group 3 in the deep capillary plexus, compared with the controls. Conclusion: We detected smaller vascular densities in both the superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus and a larger deep capillary plexus FAZ in OSAS patients. Therefore, OCTA may be useful as a non-invasive method to understand the systemic effects of OSAS.

Amaç: Romatoid artritli yetişkin hastalarda statik ve dinamik pupilla yanıtlarını sağlıklı yetişkinler ile karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntemler: Bu prospektif çalışmaya, oftalmolojik muayenede herhangi bir patoloji saptanmayan romatoid artritli yetişkin hastalar ile benzer yaş ve cinsiyetteki sağlıklı yetişkinler dâhil edildi. Statik ve dinamik pupilla yanıtları otomatik pupillometri cihazı (MonPackOne; Metrovision, Perenchies, Fransa) kullanılarak ölçüldü. Statik pupillometri ölçümlerinden skotopik, mezopik, düşük fotopik ve yüksek fotopik pupil çapları kaydedildi. Dinamik pupillometri ölçümlerinden ise dinlenme pupil çapı, pupil kontraksiyon amplitüdü, pupil kontraksiyon latansı, pupil kontraksiyon süresi, pupil kontraksiyon hızı, pupil dilatasyon latansı, pupil dilatasyon süresi ve pupil dilatasyon hızı değerleri kaydedildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 32 romatoid artritli hasta, 30 sağlıklı kontrol alındı. Romatoid artrit ve kontrol grubunda yaş ve cinsiyet açısından istatistiksel anlamlı fark izlenmedi (Sırasıyla; p=0.621, p=0.806). Romatoid artrit grubunda statik pupilla yanıtlarından skotopik pupil çapı kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak yüksekti (p=0.02). Mezopik, düşük fotopik ve yüksek fotopik ortamlardaki pupil çapları arasında romatoid artrit grubu ile kontrol grubu arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu. Dinamik pupillometri ölçümlerinden pupil dinlenme çapı romatoid artrit grubunda istatiksel olarak anlamlı derecede geniş olarak ölçülürken (p

WOS:000621544900009 PMID: 33607682 The causative agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a new virus termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from the coronavirus family. It was first detected in China in December 2019 and spread rapidly around the world. COVID-19 is highly contagious and mainly transmitted through contact with infected patients or droplets. The most common symptoms are fever, cough, weakness, muscle pain, and shortness of breath [1]. SARS-CoV-2 infects host cells through the renin angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. The ACE2 receptor is widely expressed in many organs, including the retina, and plays a role in the pathogenesis of systemic vascular diseases, which can lead to ocular symptoms such as diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy [2], [3]. SARS-COV-2 has been reported to be associated with neurological symptoms, including stroke, thromboembolism (e.g., pulmonary embolism), and myocardial infarction. Hypercoagulation associated with COVID-19 has been described as “sepsis-induced coagulopathy” and may predispose patients to the spectrum of thromboembolic events [4], [5], [6]. We present here the first case of bilateral central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) that developed in the early and late stages secondary to the SARS-CoV-2 infection.

WOS:000641177700005 PMID: 33853180 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a new disease that can potentially be fatal and affect the lungs and airways. The virus is thought to be most likely transmitted by an interspecies jump from bats to intermediate hosts and from animal hosts to humans [1]. COVID-19, which is highly contagious and often manifests itself with fever, cough, weakness, muscle pain, and shortness of breath, is thought to be transmitted mainly through droplets in the environment as a result of contact with infected patients [2], [3]. It has been reported that COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which infects host cells using renin angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, which are widely expressed in the body, causes tissue hypoperfusion and thrombosis in different stages of the disease by causing endothelial cell inflammation and dysfunction