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Amaç: Bu çalışmada metotreksat (MTX) ile oluşturulan beyin ve bağırsak doku hasarlarında maydanoz ekstresinin etkileri incelenmiştir.Gereç ve yöntem: Sprague-Dawley cinsi 32 sıçan; kontrol, kontrol+maydanoz ekstresi, MTX ve MTX+maydanoz ekstresi grupları olmak üzere 4 gruba ayrıldı. MTX ve MTX + maydanoz gruplarına, tek doz 20 mg/kg MTX intraperitoneal olarak uygulandı. Kontrol+maydanoz ve MTX+maydanoz gruplarına 5 gün boyunca oral gavaj yöntemi ile 2 g/kg maydanoz ekstresi verildi. 5. günde doku örnekleri alındı. Beyin ve bağırsak dokularında total protein, glutatyon (GSH), lipit peroksidasyonu (LPO) ve nitrik oksit (NO) seviyeleri; doku faktörü (TF), süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) ve glutatyon-S-transferaz (GST) aktiviteleri ölçülmüştür. Doku protein profillerini incelemek amacıyla SDS poliakrilamid jel elektroforezi (SDS-PAGE) uygulandı.Bulgular: Metotreksat ile oluşturulan beyin ve bağırsak hasarında maydanoz ekstresi uygulaması, lipid peroksidasyon seviyesini bağırsakta azaltırken, beyinde değiştirmemiştir. Aynı zamanda her iki dokudaki antioksidan parametrelerden GSH seviyesi ile GST ve SOD aktivitelerini arttırmıştır. NO seviyesi bağırsakta MTX ile artarken, maydanoz uygulanmasıyla azalmıştır. Beyin NO seviyesi ve TF aktivitesinde gruplar arasında anlamlı bir değişim tespit edilmemiştir.Sonuç: Antioksidan özellikli içeriği nedeniyle maydanoz, MTX ile oluşturulan beyin ve bağırsak hasarlarını iyileştirmiştir. Bu nedenle MTX tedavisi sırasında hastaların diyetlerinde yardımcı gıda olarak kullanımı önerilebilir. Objective: The effects of parsley extract on methotrexate (MTX)-induced brain and intestinal tissue damage were examined in this study.Materials and methods: 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were split into four groups for this study: MTX, control, control+parsley extract, and MTX+parsley extract. To the MTX and MTX+parsley extract groups, a single intraperitoneal MTX dose (20 mg/kg) was given. Control+parsley, and MTX+parsley groups were given 2 g/kg parsley extract by oral gavage for five consecutive days. At day 5, tissue samples were taken. Total protein, nitric oxide (NO), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and glutathione (GSH) levels, as also the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes, and tissue factor (TF) were measured in the intestinal and brain tissues. The protein profiles of the tissues were evaluated using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).Results: In the methotrexate-induced brain and small intestine damage, the application of parsley extract reduced the lipid peroxidation level in the intestine but didn't change in the brain. Simultaneously, the level of GSH, alongside GST and SOD activities, which are antioxidant factors, increased. While NO level increased with MTX in the intestine, it decreased with the administration of parsley. No significant change was detected between the groups in brain NO level and TF activity.Conclusion: Parsley extract has ameliorated MTX-induced brain and intestinal tissue damage thanks to the antioxidant molecules in its ingredient. Due to its antioxidant properties, parsley can be advised to be benefited as supplementary food in the diets of patients receiving MTX therapy.

This study aims to investigate the effects of whey proteins on SARS CoV-2 in methotrexate-induced lung tissue damage in rats. To determine the possible effects, rats were divided into four groups as control, control + whey, methotrexate (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and methotrexate + whey. Whey protein concentrate (2 g/kg, oral gavage) was administered for 10 days. Cytokine levels were measured and protein electrophoresis was carried out in serum samples. Lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and glutathione level, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione S transferase activities were determined in lung samples. Inhibition of SARS CoV-2-targeted lung furin activity and SARS CoV-2 spike protein-angiotensin converting enzyme binding with whey protein concentrate were also measured in each group. In conclusion, whey protein concentrate improved methotrexate-induced lung damage and inhibited lung furin activity targeting SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 site cleavage and SARS CoV-2 spike protein-angiotensin converting enzyme binding. Whey proteins are potential protective candidates that inhibit SARS CoV-2-related interactions, even in methotrexate-induced lung injury. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Whey proteins have anticarcinogenic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and immunomodulating properties due to the protein, bioactive peptide, and essential amino acid content. Methotrexate is a folate antagonist and inhibits cell proliferation and purine synthesis. The combined use of whey protein concentrate and methotrexate may be an alternative in the development of new strategies to the treatment approaches against COVID-19. In addition, according to the results of this study, it is thought that the protective effect of whey proteins in healthy conditions before encountering the SARS CoV-2 may be higher than those who have never used it.