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Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Behçet Hastalığı (BH) tanısı almış hastalarda fovea kalınlığı ve koroid kalınlığını değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu prospektif kesitsel çalışmaya toplam 60 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar iki gruba ayrıldı. BH tanısı alan 30 hasta (Grup 1) ve 30 sağlıklı kontrol (Grup 2) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Her iki grupta detaylı oftalmolojik muayene yapıldı ve fovea kalınlığı ve makula koroid kalınlığı Spektral Domain Optik Koherens Tomografi (SD-OKT) ile ölçüldü. Koroid kalınlığını ölçmek için Enhanced Depth Imaging OKT (EDI-OKT) tekniği kullanıldı.Bulgular: BH grubunda ortalama foveal kalınlık 216.06 ± 53.14 μm ve ortalama subfoveal koroid kalınlığı 363.21 ± 85.22 μm idi. Sağlıklı kontrollerde ortalama foveal kalınlık ve subfoveal koroid kalınlığı sırasıyla 211.65 ± 16.60 μm ve 352.83 ± 87.11 μm idi. BH grubu ile kontrol grubu arasında foveal ve subfoveal koroid kalınlığı açısından istatistiksel anlamlılık yoktu. Ancak OKT'de Elipsoid Zone yapısının anatomik deformasyonu görme keskinliği üzerine en fazla etkiye sahipti (p = 0,001).Sonuç: Bu çalışma, Behçet hastalarında fovea kalınlığı ve makula koroid kalınlığı açısından sağlıklı kişilerle karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığını göstermektedir., Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate foveal thickness and macular choroidal thickness on patients who were diagnosed with Behcet’s Disease (BD). Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients were included in this prospective cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 30 patients who were diagnosed with BD and Group 2 consisted of 30 healthy controls. Detailed ophthalmological examination was performed on both groups and foveal thickness and macular choroidal thickness were measured with Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT). To measure the choroidal thickness enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT) technique was used.Results: Mean foveal thickness in patients with BD was 216.06 ± 53.14 μm and mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 363.21 ± 85.22 μm. Mean foveal thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness in healthy controls was 211.65 ± 16.60 μm and 352.83 ± 87.11 μm respectively. There was no statistical significance between patients with BD and control group regarding foveal and subfoveal choroidal thickness. However, anatomical deformation of Elipsoid Zone structure in OCT had the most effect on visual acuity (p=0,001). Conclusion: This study shows that there was no statistically significant difference in terms of foveal thickness and macular choroidal thickness in patients with BD.

Small scale wind turbines installed within the built environment is classified as micro generation technology. This paper reports the investigation results of wind power application in buildings. First, general information is given for common type of wind turbines are used on buildings. Second, the wind aerodynamics and wind flows over the buildings are investigated based on local meteorological data and local building characteristics. However, to receive the highest potential wind energy resource and avoid turbulent areas, the tool of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has to be used to model the annual wind flows over buildings to help analyze, locate, and design wind turbines on and around buildings. Three different sample models for buildings and rural residential areas are explained with CFD models.

WOS: 000361858600024, PubMed ID: 26558214, AIM: To investigate the oxidative stress status of the aqueous humor and serum of patients with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG) and to measure paraoxonase (PON) and arylesterase (ARE) levels. METHODS: A total of 78 patients were enrolled in the study, with 26 patients in each separate group. The patients were divided into three groups: the first group entailed PEX syndrome patients, while the second group consisted of patients with PEG and the third group involved patients with no additional systemic diseases, other than the diagnosis of cataract as control. Total oxidative stress (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), PON, and ARE levels in aqueous humor and serum were measured. RESULTS: TAC, PON and arylesterase levels in aqueous humor and serum of the PEX syndrome and PEG patients were significantly decreased compared with control group (P, Turkish Ophthalmology Society, This study was supported by the Turkish Ophthalmology Society and our study was presented as a poster in the 16th Afro-Asian Congress of Ophthalmology and the 5th Mediterranean Retina Meeting.

WOS: 000307853000008, PubMed ID: 22937503, AIM: To investigate the effects of bevacizumab and ranibizumab on corneal neovascularization in an alkali bum-induced model of corneal angiogenesis. METHODS: Fifteen Wistar-Albino rats were divided randomly into 3 groups after chemical cauterization of the cornea. The first group received a single dose of 0.1mL saline solution as a control group whereas second and third groups received a single dose of 2.5mg bevacizumab or 1mg ranibizumab by subconjunctival injection, respectively. After three weeks, the rat corneas were evaluated by biomicroscopy and corneal photographs were taken. The percentage of neovascularization area, length of the longest new vessel, corneal oedema and corneal opacity scores were assessed. RESULTS: The analysis of digital photographs showed that the percentage of neovascularization area to the total corneal area, the length of the longest new vessel, corneal oedema and opacity scores were significantly lower in both study groups compared to the control group (P

BackgroundIn this study, a series of compounds - miltefosine, polyhexamethylene biguanide, chlorhexidine and propamidine isethionate - and combinations of the latter three agents with miltefosine were prepared and used in a rat model for the topical treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis.

Applanation tonometry is the method of measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) with instruments the corneal surface. The Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) is regarded as the “gold standard’’ of measuring IOP. An irregular and opaque corneal surface compromises IOP measurement by Goldmann applanation tonometry. In such cases accurate measurement without corneal contact would be applicable. The transpalpebral tonometer is new method and measures IOP without corneal contact through the eyelid., Applanasyon tonometrisi kornea yüzeyinden aletler kullanılarak göz içi basıncı ölçen bir yöntemdir. Goldman applanasyon tonometrisi göz içi basınç ölçümünde altın standart olarak görülmektedir. Düzensiz ve opak kornealarda Goldman applanasyon tonometrisi ile göz içi basınç ölçümü güçleşmektedir. Bu gibi durumlarda korneaya temas olmadan ölçüm yapmak daha uygun olacaktır. Transpalpebral tonometri korneal temas olmadan göz kapağı üzerinden göz içi basıncı ölçen yeni bir metoddur.

ÖZETBu çalışma? topikal ve subkonjonktival bevacizumabın alkali yanığa bağlı gelişen korneal anjiogenez modelindeki yeni damar gelişimi üzerine etkisini araştırmak amacıyla yapıldı.Çalışmada 24 adet Wistar-Albino cinsi rat kullanıldı. Kornealarda kimyasal koterizasyonu takiben ratlar randomize olarak 4 gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1'e suni gözyaşı damlası günde iki kez, grup 2'ye, topikal florometolon asetat günde iki kez, grup 3'e, subkonjonktival bevacizumab 2,5 mg olarak tek doz, grup 4'e ise topikal bevacizumab 5mg/ml konsantrasyonunda uygulandı. Tüm damlalar koterizasyonu takiben hemen damlatılmaya başlandı ve 21 gün boyunca uygulandı. Üç hafta sonra rat korneaları yarık lamba biyomikroskobuyla muayene edildi ve kornea fotoğrafları çekilip denekler sakrifiye edildi. Alkali yanığa bağlı gelişen korneal neovaskülarizasyonu değerlendirmek için toplam korneal alan, neovaskülarize alan, neovaskülarize alanın oranı ve gelişen en uzun damarın boyu ölçüldü. Korneal ödem ve opasite skoru değerlendirildi.Subkonjonktival ve topikal bevacizumab grupları ile florometolon asetat grubunda korneal neovaskülarizasyon alanı, en uzun damar boyu, korneal ödem ve opasite skoru? kontrol grubuna göre istatiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde düşüktü (p

WOS: 000378756700001, PubMed ID: 27403338, Purpose. To compare the macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness in eyes with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome and PEX glaucoma with the normal eyes of healthy controls. Materials and Methods. In this prospective study, 30 eyes of 30 patients with PEX syndrome, 28 eyes of 28 patients with PEX glaucoma, and 30 eyes of 30 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. Choroidal thicknesses in the macular and peripapillary areas were measured by using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Results. Gender, age, and axial length did not significantly differ between the groups (all, p > 0.05). The mean values of choroidal thickness in the macular and peripapillary areas (except the superior quadrant) in the patients with PEX syndrome and PEX glaucoma were lower compared with controls (all p < 0.05). The mean values of the macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness in the PEX glaucoma group were lower compared with PEX syndrome group; however this difference was not significant. Conclusions. The findings of this study revealed that macular and peripapillary choroidal thicknesses were decreased in PEX syndrome and PEX glaucoma cases. The role of choroid in the development of glaucomatous damage in patients with PEX syndrome remains unclear.

WOS: 000370956800004, PubMed ID: 26508674, Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of the exfoliation syndrome and its relationship with ocular and cardiovascular diseases in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Methods: This cross-sectional and population-based study was conducted at the Sivas Province among the population aged 40 years and over. The diagnosis of XFS was made when exfoliative material was found on the anterior lens capsule or iris on slit-lamp examination. The subjects were divided into an XFS group and a non-XFS group according to the presence of exfoliative material, and the groups were compared for the presence of glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, phacodonesis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, smoking and alcohol-use frequency. Results: XFS was present in 63 subjects consisting of 42 males (8.0%) and 21 females (3.6%) for an overall rate of 5.7% (95% CI: 0.054-0.060). Once we adjusted the values for age, we found a statistically significant relationship of increased age and male gender with the presence of XFS (p = 0.001, p = 0.027, respectively). The relationship between XFS and glaucoma, cataract and phacodonesis was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.001). No relationship was found between exfoliation syndrome and hypertension, diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. Conclusion: The prevalence of exfoliation syndrome was 5.7% in this population-based study. There was a statistically significant relationship between XFS and advancing age and male gender., Sivas Provincial Management of Public Health; Sivas Association of Public Hospitals Management, We thank the Sivas Provincial Management of Public Health and Sivas Association of Public Hospitals Management for their support of the study.

WOS: 000363047300083, PubMed ID: 25633622, Purpose: To evaluate the association between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the development of retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Methods: Forty patients were included in the study. Forty age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. The RVO diagnosis was made clinically, based on the findings of fundus examination. The NLR and file records of the patients and the control group were compared. Results: The mean age of patients was 64 +/- 12 years. Neutrophil levels were higher in RVO patients compared to the control subjects (5.1 +/- 1.9 vs 3.6 +/- 1.0, p 1.89, with 72.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that higher NLR was associated with the development of RVO. The NLR may be used as a predictive tool for identifying risk for RVO.

WOS: 000394159800017, PubMed ID: 27113057, The aim of this study was to investigate the mean platelet volume (MPV) of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Thirty patients were included in the study. Thirty healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. All patients and control subjects underwent complete ocular examination. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet count, and MPV of the participants were recorded. Data of patients with CSCR were compared with the control subjects. Patients with CSCR had significantly higher MPV values (9.76 +/- 1.36 fL) compared with the control subjects (8.37 +/- 0.72 fL) (p = 0.004). No significant difference was found in platelet counts between the CSCR group and the control group (259 +/- 53.75 and 243 +/- 52.11 K/Ul, p = 0.253). According to the receiver operator characteristics curve analysis, the optimal cut-off value of MPV to predict the CSCR was > 9.4, with 60.0 % sensitivity and 93.3 % specificity. Our results demonstrated that the MPV values were significantly higher in patients with CSCR. MPV may be used as a predictive tool for identifying risk for CSCR.

Yaş tip yaşa bağlı maküla dejenerasyonunda (YBMD) intravitreal ranibizumab tedavisi uygulanan olgularda görsel ve anatomik sonuçların incelenmesi ve makula morfolojisinin tedavi sonuçlarına etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yaş tip yaşa bağlı maküla dejenerasyonu nedeni ile intravitreal ranibizumab tedavisi uygulanan hastaların dosyaları geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Olguların takiplerindeki görme keskinliği (GK), biyomikroskopik ön segment muayenesi, dilate fundus muayenesi ve optik koherens tomografi (OKT) bulguları değerlendirildi. Olgularda aylık uygulanan 3 yükleme dozunun ardından GK, fundus muayenesi ve OKT bulgularına göre ranibizumab enjeksiyonu tekrarlandı.Çalışmaya dahil edilen 51 olgunun 64 gözüne ortalama 5,97 enjeksiyon uygulandı. Hastaların enjeksiyon öncesi, 3. ay, 6. ay, 12. ay ve son vizit görme keskinlikleri santral fovea kalınlıkları ve koroid kalınlıkları karşılaştırıldı. Enjeksiyon öncesi, 3. ay ve son vizit görme kenkinlikleri arasında anlamlı fark olduğu izlendi. Santral fovea kalınlığındaki başlangıç değere göre azalma 3. ayda 94,56, 12. ayda 94,58 ve son vizitte 120,53 μm idi. Koroid kalınlığında takiplerde anlamlı değişiklik izlenmedi.Sonuç olarak intravitreal ranibizumab tedavisi, YBMD tedavisinde etkili bir yöntemdir. Gerektikçe uygulanan enjeksiyonlar, görme keskinliğini korumada ve artırmada etkilidir. Tedaviyle anatomik ve fonksiyonel olarak etkili sonuçlar alınmaktadır. Çalışmamız YBMD'ye sekonder gelişen koroidal neovaskülarizasyon tedavisinde tedavi öncesi lezyon morfolojisinde intraretinal ve subretinal sıvı varlığının tedavi sonrası görme keskinliğini etkilemediğini göstermiştir. The purpose of this study was to investigate the visual and anatomic results and to investigate the effects of macular morphology on treatment outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab therapy in wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD).The medical records of patients who received intravitreal ranibizumab therapy for wet AMD was examined retrospectively. The visual acuity (VA), biomicrospic anterior segment, dilated fundus examination and optical coherens tomography (OCT) findings were evaluated. After the 3 loading dose ranibizuamab injections were repeated according to the VA, fundoscopic examination and OCT findings.A mean of 5,97 injections were performed to 51 eyes of 64 patients included to the study. Patients were compared before injection, at 3rd month, 6th month, 12th month and last visit, visual acuity, central fovea thickness and choroidal thickness. It was observed that there was a significant difference between pre-injection, 3rd month and last visit visual acuity. The decrease in baseline foveal thickness was 94.56 at 3 months, 94.58 at 12 months, and the final vizite was 120.53 μm. There was no significant change in choroidal thickness during follow-up.In conclusion, intravitreal ranibizumab therapy is an effective method for the treatment of AMD. Injections are effective in protecting and increasing visual acuity. Anatomically and functionally effective results are obtained with treatment. Our study showed that intraretinal and subretinal fluid presence in pretreatment lesion morphology did not affect visual acuity after treatment in choroidal neovascularization therapy secondary to AMD. 53

WOS: 000332830200010, PubMed ID: 23787455, Purpose: In this study, we aimed to investigate the apoptotic effects of topical antiglaucoma medications on the conjunctival epithelium. Methods: A total of 65 patients were included in the study. Thirty patients were included in the first group who had received antiglaucomatous therapy before trabeculectomy. In the second group, 20 patients who had received no drugs before trabeculectomy were included, while the third group underwent only cataract surgery as control. During the surgery, 2 x 4 mm conjunctival samples were harvested from the upper bulbar conjunctiva. The mean apoptosis rate was calculated by determining apoptosis at conjunctival epithelium using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Results: The mean apoptosis rate was 0.537 +/- 0.369 (0.026 +/- 0.962) in group 1, 0.139 +/- 0.162 (0.005 +/- 0.676) in group 2, and 0.078 +/- 0.035 (0.035 +/- 0.142) in the control group (group 3). The mean apoptosis rate was significantly higher in the first group than the other 2 groups (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: Apoptotic effects of topical antiglaucoma drugs on the conjunctival epithelial cells were found. However, our results revealed that the number of medications, duration of medication, and type of glaucoma had no effect on the apoptotic effect., Scientific Research Project Fund of Cumhuriyet University (Sivas, Turkey) [T-323], Supported by the Scientific Research Project Fund of Cumhuriyet University under the project number T-323 (Sivas, Turkey).

Prospektif olarak planlanan bu çalışmaya, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Göz Hastalıkları AD'da 2016 yılında Nisan ve Ekim ayları arasında diyabetik maküla ödemi, eksudatif yaşa bağlı maküla dejenerasyonu ve retina ven tıkanıklığı nedeniyle intravitreal ranibizumab veya aflibercept enjeksiyonu yapılan ve ilk üç doz tedavisi tamamlanan 70 hasta alındı. Çalışmaya alınan her hasta ardışık olarak birer ay arayla 3 doz tedaviyi tamamladı.Hastalara her enjeksiyon yapılan gün enjeksiyondan hemen önce ve enjeksiyondan hemen sonra Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1) testi uygulandı.Bu her 3 enjeksiyon gününde tedavi öncesi ve sonrasında uygulandı. Ayrıca ilk enjeksiyon öncesi STAI-2 testi uygulandı.Çalışmanın sonucunda ilk kez enjeksiyon tedavisine alınan hastalarda zaman içinde anksiyete düzeylerinde anlamlı bir değişiklik saptanmadı. Kadın hastalarda anksiyetenin erkeklere oranla daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Sistemik hastalığı olanlarda veya sigara kullanımı olanlarda anksiyete düzeylerinde anlamlı farklılık izlenmediAnahtar Kelimeler: intravitreal, anksiyete, enjeksiyon In this study, the anxiety scores of the patients to whom intravitreal injection treatment was started for the first time were assessed before and after the first three injections and the anxiety levels were compared between the injections.Seventy patients who received and completed the first three intravitreal injections of ranibizumab or aflibercept due to diabetic macula edema, exudative age-related macular degeneration and retinal vein occlusion between April and October 2016 in ophthalmology department of Cumhuriyet University were enrolled in this prospectively designed study. Each patient completed the three doses of the treatment which was administered with one month interval, consecutively.On every injection day, Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1) was administered to the patients right before and after the injection. This was carried out before and after the treatment on each three injection days. Also STAI-2 test was administered before the first injection.At the end of the study, no significant change was detected in anxiety levels over time in the patients who received the injection treatment for the first time. The anxiety was found to be higher in female patients than males. No significant difference in anxiety levels was observed among patients who had systemic disease or were smokers.Key words: intravitreal, injection, anxiety 41

WOS: 000372258400009, PubMed ID: 26220809, Purpose: To measure inner and outer retinal thickness with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients in whom intravitreal ranibizumab was administered due to diabetic macular edema (DME) and to investigate its relation to the visual prognosis. Methods: In this retrospective case series, there were 60 consecutive eyes with DME in which intravitreal ranibizumab injection was performed for 3 times in 1-month intervals. All patients underwent full ophthalmic examination and spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT). The total retinal thickness, the inner thickness, and the outer thickness in 4 parafoveal subfields were measured. The correlation between the retinal thickness and logMAR best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was investigated. Results: No significant correlation was found between the total retinal thickness in the central and other subfields and either the baseline or final visit logMAR BCVA values (p>0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the final visit logMAR BCVA values and pretreatment inner retinal thickness in the nasal and inferior subfields (r = 0.270, p = 0.037, and r = 0.410, p = 0.001, respectively). There was significant negative correlation between the final visit logMAR BCVA values and pretreatment outer retinal thickness in nasal and temporal parafoveal subfields (r = -0.297, p = 0.021, and r = -0.268, p = 0.038, respectively). Conclusions: It could be beneficial to use inner and outer retinal thickness instead of total retinal thickness in determination of short-term prognosis in patients who had intravitreal ranibizumab injection for DME.

WOS: 000342155600006, PubMed ID: 24802745, Purpose To investigate levels of ghrelin in the aqueous humour (AqH) of patients with exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma and compare them to levels of ghrelin in control subjects. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 15 patients with exfoliation syndrome, 8 with exfoliation glaucoma and 12 control subjects for whom cataract surgery was indicated. The AqH was aspirated from the anterior chamber with a 27-G needle under sterile conditions prior to tissue manipulation. Ghrelin levels were quantified using radioimmunassay kits. Results Levels of ghrelin in the AqH were 187.87 +/- 80.1 pg/mL in the eyes exhibiting exfoliation syndrome, 98.53 +/- 50.9 pg/mL in the eyes exhibiting exfoliation glaucoma and 111.40 +/- 77.5 pg/mL in the controls. Ghrelin level of patients with exfoliation syndrome were significantly higher than those of patients with exfoliation glaucoma and the controls (P0.05). Age, gender and IOP did not have a significant effect on ghrelin levels in patients with exfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma. Conclusion This study is the first to report elevated levels of ghrelin in the AqH in eyes exhibiting exfoliation syndrome. Findings suggest ghrelin might play role in the etiopathogenesis of exfoliation syndrome to exfoliation glaucoma., Turkish Ophthalmology Society, This study was supported by Turkish Ophthalmology Society.

WOS: 000347315600001, PubMed ID: 25580282, Purpose. To investigate the oxidant and antioxidant status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (DRP). Methods. Forty-four patients who had cataract surgery were enrolled in the study. We included 22 patients with DRP in one group and 22 patients in the control group. Samples of aqueous humor and serum were taken from all patients. Serum and aqueous ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), total thiol, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were compared in two groups. Results. Median serum IMA levels were 44.80 absorbance units in the DRP group and 40.15 absorbance units in the control group (P = 0.031). Median serum total thiol levels in the DRP group were significantly less than those in the control group (3051.13 and 3910.12, resp., P = 0.004). Mean TOS levels in the serum were 2.93 +/- 0.19 in the DRP group and 2.61 +/- 0.26 in the control group (P = 0.039). The differences in mean total thiol, TAC, and TOS levels in the aqueous humor and mean TAC levels in the serum were not statistically significant. Conclusion. IMA, total thiol, and TOS levels in the serum might be useful markers in monitoring the risk of DRP development., Ankara Branch of the Turkish Ophthalmology Society, The authors were funded by Ankara Branch of the Turkish Ophthalmology Society. The sponsor or funding organization had no role in the design or conduct of this research. No conflicting relationship exists for any author. The authors also would like to acknowledge Emire Bor MSc's contributions to the statistical analysis and interpretation of the data.