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35 results on '"Durrant J.R."'

2. Photoelectrochemical concurrent hydrogen generation and heavy metal recovery from polluted acidic mine water

Author

Jones, B., Davies, K.R., Allan, M.G., Anantharaj, S., Mabbett, I., Watson, T., Durrant, J.R., Kuehnel, M.F., Pitchaimuthu, S., and Publica

Abstract

The feasibility of a solar-driven photoelectrochemical process to generate hydrogen fuel from metal mine polluted water while simultaneously recovering heavy metals has been explored. Electron transport from the photoanode to the cathode plays a key role in generating hydrogen (37.6 mmol h−1 cm−2 at 0.2 V RHE, 1 sun illumination), and scavenging Zn2+ ions in the form of ZnO.

Published
2021

4. Charge-density-based analysis of the current--voltage response of polythiophene/fullerene photovoltaic devices

Author

Shuttle, C.G., Hamilton, R., O'Regan, B.C., Nelson, J., and Durrant, J.R.

Subjects
Science and technology
Abstract

A key challenge for organic electronics research is to develop device models that correctly account for the structural and energetic disorder typically present in such materials. In this paper we report an approach to analyze the electrical performance of an organic electronic device based upon charge extraction measurements of charge densities and transient optoelectronic measurements of charge carrier dynamics. This approach is applied to a poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT)/6,6 phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend photovoltaic device. These measurements are employed to determine the empirical rate law for bimolecular recombination losses, with the energetic disorder present in the materials being accounted for by a charge-density-dependent recombination coefficient. This rate law is then employed to simulate the current/ voltage curve. This simulation assumes the only mechanism for the loss of photogenerated charges is bimolecular recombination and employs no fitting parameters. Remarkably the simulation is in good agreement with the experimental current/voltage data over a wide range of operating conditions of the solar cell. We thus demonstrate that the primary determinant of both the open-circuit voltage and fill factor of P3HT: PCBM devices is bimolecular recombination. We go on to discuss the applicability of this analysis approach to other materials systems, and particularly to emphasize the effectiveness of this approach where the presence of disorder complicates the implementation of more conventional, voltage-based analyses such as the Shockley diode equation. doi/ 10.1073/pnas.1004363107

Published
2010

7. Photochemistry and spectroscopy of a five-chlorophyll reaction center of photosystem II isolated by using a Cu affinity column

Author

Vacha F., Joseph, D.M., Durrant, J.R., Telfer A., Klug, D.R., Porter G., and Barber J.

Subjects
Photochemistry -- Methods, Spectrum analysis -- Methods, Chlorophyll -- Analysis, Photosynthesis research -- Methods, Science and technology
Abstract

Transient absorption spectroscopy on the picosecond time scale suggest that the chlorophyll (Chl) removed belongs to a pool of Chl absorbing at approximately 670 nm, that shifts energy comparatively slowly to the primary donor P680 in favor of the suggested model. The results also corroborate the earlier conclusion that radical pair creation is related to a 21-ps time constant when P680 is directly stimulated, and that the identity of C670(sub II) is expected to be marginally bound Chls probably ligated to conserved His residues at positions 118 on the D1 and D2 proteins.

Published
1995

8. Impact of Penny Brohn UK’s Living Well course on informal caregivers of people with cancer

Author

Jolliffe, R., Durrant, J.R., Seers, H., Churchward, S.F., Griffiths, M., Naidoo, M., Ben-Arye, E., Polley, M.J., and Zollman, C.

Subjects
Informal caregivers, Supporters, MYCaW, Holistic support, Cancer, Integrative Care
Abstract

Objectives: This study evaluated the change in the concerns, wellbeing and lifestyle behaviours of informal caregivers of people with cancer attending Penny Brohn UK’s Living Well Course (LWC), a self-management education intervention. Design: A pre-post-course design collected self-reported quantitative and qualitative data from informal caregivers attending a LWC. Setting/Location: Penny Brohn UK is a UK based charity (not-for-profit) providing specialist integrative, whole person support, free of charge, to people affected by cancer. Subjects: Informal caregivers taking part in a Penny Brohn UK LWC between June 2014 and May 2016 attending alongside the person with cancer. Intervention: The LWC is a structured 15 hour, multi-modal group self-management educational course, designed to help people affected by cancer learn tools and techniques to help build resilience. Trained facilitators deliver LWCs to around 12 people with various types and stages of cancer, and their informal caregivers. Outcome measures: MYCaW (Measure Yourself Concern and Wellbeing) completed pre-course and at 6 weeks post-course; and bespoke 6 week follow up Patient Reported Experience Measure (PREM). Results: 480 informal caregivers attended a LWC June 2014 to May 2016. 118 completed a 6 week follow up MYCaW: MYCaW Concerns 1 and 2 showed statistically significant improvements (p

Published
2018

10. Charge recombination in CuPc/PTCDA thin films

Author

Heutz, S., Nogueira, A.F., Durrant, J.R., and Jones, T.S.

Subjects
Absorption spectra -- Analysis, Dielectric films -- Research, Thin films -- Research, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

Transient absorption spectroscopy is used to study the recombination kinetics of photogenerated charge carriers in perylene-3, 4, 9, 10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films grown by organic molecular beam deposition. The recombination behavior is similar to the observed polymer/fullerene blends, which suggests a generic to a range of semiconducting materials.

Published
2005

11. Charge carrier trapping, recombination and transfer in hematite (-Fe2O3) water splitting photoanodes

Author

Barroso Silva da Cruz, M., Pendlebury, S.R., Cowan, A.J., Durrant, J.R., Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, and Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis

Abstract

Hematite is currently considered one of the most promising materials for the conversion and storage of solar energy via the photoelectrolysis of water. Whilst there has been extensive research and much progress in the development of hematite structures with enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity, relatively limited information has been available until recently concerning the dynamics of photogenerated charge carriers in hematite and their impact upon the efficiency of water photoelectrolysis. In this perspective we present an overview of our recent studies of the dynamics of photoinduced charge carrier processes in hematite, derived primarily from transient absorption spectroscopy of nanostructured photoanodes. The relationship between PEC activity and transient measurements are discussed in terms of a phenomenological model which rationalizes the observations and in particular the impact of external potential bias on the relative rates of charge carrier trapping, recombination and interfacial transfer in hematite photoanodes for water oxidation.

Published
2013

13. Charge photogeneration in donor/acceptor organic solar cells

Author

Shoaee S., Clarke T.M., Eng M.P., Huang C., Barlow S., Espíldora E., Delgado J.L., Campo B., Marder S.R., Heeney M., McCulloch I., Martín N., Vanderzande D., Durrant J.R. and The authors are grateful to Solvay SA and the EPSRC from the UK Office of Science and Technology. Work was also supported financially by the Science and Technology Center Program of the National Science Foundation (DMR-0120967) and by the Office of Naval Research (N00014-04-1-0120). Dr. Keivanidis and Professor Nelson provided helpful discussions, and John Seddon allowed the use of his light microscope. MPE acknowledges the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation for funding. This work has been supported by the European Science Foundation (05-SONS-FP-021 SOHYD), the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (CT2008-00795/BQU), Consolider-Ingenio (2010C-07-25200, Nanociencia Molecular), and Comunidad de Madrid (P-PPQ-000225-0505). JLD thanks the Ministry of Science and Innovation for a Ramón y Cajal Fellowship, cofinanced by the EU Social Funds. The research of BC is funded by a PhD grant of the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen). Supporting information is available online from Wiley InterScience or from the author.

Published
2012

16. L'origine du photo-courant dans des cellules solaires à jonction volumiques ZnO :P3HT

Author

Poize, G., Mawyin, J., Atienzar, P., Bouclé, Johann, Fages, F., Ackermann, J., Durrant, J.R., Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MINACOM, XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Maury, Véronique

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2010

18. Acid versus base peptization of mesoporous nanocrystalline TiO2 films: Functional studies in dye sensitized solar cells

Author

Hore, S., Palomares, E., Smit, H., Bakker, N.J., Comte, P., Liska, P., Thampi, K.R., Kroon, J.M., Hinsch, A., Durrant, J.R., and Publica

Abstract

We report an analysis of the influence of acid/base conditions employed in the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles upon the performance of dye sensitised photoelectrochemical solar cells fabricated from these particles. The functional properties of the TiO2 nanoparticles in these devices are investigated by potential step chronoamperometry, transient laser spectroscopy, and photovoltaic device characterisation. We find that base peptization conditions employed in the sol-gel fabrication of the TiO2 nanoparticles result in a reduction in film electron density under negative applied bias, correlated with slower interfacial recombination losses and a higher device open circuit voltage.

Published
2005

20. Charge photogeneration in donor/acceptor organic solar cells

Author

Shoaee S., Clarke T.M., Eng M.P., Huang C., Barlow S., Espíldora E., Delgado J.L., Campo B., Marder S.R., Heeney M., McCulloch I., Martín, Nazario, Vanderzande D., Durrant J.R., Shoaee S., Clarke T.M., Eng M.P., Huang C., Barlow S., Espíldora E., Delgado J.L., Campo B., Marder S.R., Heeney M., McCulloch I., Martín, Nazario, Vanderzande D., and Durrant J.R.

Published
2012

23. Charge carrier trapping, recombination and transfer in hematite (α-Fe2O3) water splitting photoanodes

Author

Barroso Silva da Cruz, M., Pendlebury, S.R., Cowan, A.J., Durrant, J.R., Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, and Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Inorganic chemistry, General Chemistry, Hematite, Solar energy, Chemical physics, visual_art, Ultrafast laser spectroscopy, Phenomenological model, Photoelectrolysis, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Water splitting, Charge carrier, Spectroscopy, business
Abstract

Hematite is currently considered one of the most promising materials for the conversion and storage of solar energy via the photoelectrolysis of water. Whilst there has been extensive research and much progress in the development of hematite structures with enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity, relatively limited information has been available until recently concerning the dynamics of photogenerated charge carriers in hematite and their impact upon the efficiency of water photoelectrolysis. In this perspective we present an overview of our recent studies of the dynamics of photoinduced charge carrier processes in hematite, derived primarily from transient absorption spectroscopy of nanostructured photoanodes. The relationship between PEC activity and transient measurements are discussed in terms of a phenomenological model which rationalizes the observations and in particular the impact of external potential bias on the relative rates of charge carrier trapping, recombination and interfacial transfer in hematite photoanodes for water oxidation.

Published
2013

31. Nanocrystalline Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Having Maximum Performance

Author

Kroon, J.M, Bakker, N.J., Smit, H.J.P., Liska, P., Thampi, K.R., Wang, P., Zakeeruddin, S.M., Graetzel, M., Hinsch, A., Hore, S., Wuerfel, U., Sastrawan, R., Durrant, J.R., Pettersson, H., Gruszecki, T., Walter, J., Skupien, K., and Tulloch, G.E.

Abstract

This paper presents an overview of the research carried out by a European consortium with the aim to develop and test new and improved ways to realise dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) with enhanced efficiencies and stabilities. Several new areas have been explored in the field of new concepts and materials, fabrication protocols for TiO2 and scatterlayers, metal oxide blocking layers, strategies for co-sensitization and low temperature processes of platinum deposition. Fundamental understanding of the working principles has been gained by means of electrical and optical modelling and advanced characterization techniques. Cost analyses have been made to demonstrate the potential of DSC as a low cost thin film PV technology. The combined efforts have led to maximum non-certified power conversion efficiencies under full sunlight of 11% for areas

35. Nanoporous TiO2 solar cells sensitised with a fluorene–thiophene copolymer

Author

Ravirajan, P., Haque, S.A., Poplavskyy, D., Durrant, J.R., Bradley, D.D.C., and Nelson, J.

Subjects
*SOLAR cells, *NANOSTRUCTURES, *TITANIUM dioxide, *ELECTRODES
Abstract

Composites of nanostructured metal oxides with conjugated polymers are promising material combinations for efficient solar energy conversion. However, performance of such combinations is normally limited by the low interfacial area of planar structures and poor charge carrier mobility of the polymer. In this study, we focus on TiO2 with a high hole-mobility polymer, poly (9,9′-dioctylfluorene-co-bithiophene) (F8T2). Transient optical spectroscopy confirms that efficient photo-induced electron transfer occurs from F8T2 to TiO2 in both planar TiO2/F8T2 structures and in high surface area, porous TiO2/F8T2 structures. Recombination between the positive polaron in the polymer and electron in the TiO2 is remarkably slow (∼ms) in both cases. The influence of layer thickness and surface morphology on cell performance was examined. The best cell was made with reduced layer thickness and increased surface morphology and offered an external quantum efficiency of 11.5% and monochromatic power efficiency of 1 at.% 440 nm. This cell produced an open circuit voltage Voc of 0.80 V and a short circuit current density of approximately 300 μA/cm2 under simulated air mass (AM) 1.5 illumination. However, the power conversion efficiency is limited by a poor fill factor, which is attributed to an energy barrier at the polymer/metal interface. We investigate this problem using alternative polymer and top contact metals. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2004
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