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tThe present study investigated the effect of stocking density on growth performance, stress reaction, and mortality in broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty (240) day-old straight run commercial broiler chicks (Vencob) were divided into two batches having 120 chicks each and further subdivided into three equal groups (G1, G2, G3) representing different stocking densities (20, 25, and 30-meter square/bird) having 40 chicks in each group. It was evident that, after the 2nd week, body weight gain of G3 group was significantly (p

The identification of faults in machinery is a very emerging trend. In the last few decades, regenerative tool chatter and its adverse effects have been explored by many researchers. However, a lot of work has to be done within this domain. A new methodology has been presented in the present work to determine the chatter severity while machining. The methodology has three stages. In the first stage, numerous experiments have been carried out, and associated signals have been captured. Thereafter, in the second stage, preprocessing of the recorded signals have been done using “ensemble empirical mode decomposition” to filter out the contaminations from the signals. The intrinsic mode functions have been further evaluated using statistical indicators viz. chatter index and absolute mean amplitude. In the third stage, these statistical indicators have been examined concerning the input parameters to identify the variation in the responses and chatter severity. The proposed methodology seems helpful for the researchers to identify the chatter features concerning variation in input parameters.

Speaker identification for the speech signal processing request, determining the speaker is a challenge due to physical variation. This paper emphasizes a new algorithm based on acoustic feature analysis of text-dependent speech. In this proposed method text-dependent speech changed by ten physical variation methods. Acoustic feature of all types of voice is calculated by its arithmetical correlation coefficients and mean value. The audio characteristic is calculated with Mel-frequency cepstrum coefficient (MFCC), its derivatives and double derivatives. An acoustic characteristic is analysed by using normal voice and changed voice by different speakers, the mixed data used for test and training purpose. Passing all the training and test data through the various classifiers based on identification system. Speaker identification efficiency results are calculated from the different classifier.

Faults like regenerative tool chatter have been evaluated by several researchers in order to suppress its adverse effect. However, many facets of this domain are yet to be addressed. In the present work, a new methodology has been proposed to process the recorded regenerative chatter signals in order to extract the chatter features. In the proposed approach, experiments have been performed and signals pertaining to regenerative tool chatter have been recorded using microphone. Thereafter, the recorded signals have been evaluated and preprocessed using variational mode decomposition (VMD) in order to extract chatter features. The decomposed signals that result in variational mode functions have been further evaluated by calculating a response termed as chatter index. This response has been used to predict the chatter severity during machining at different combinations of input parameters, on verifying the obtained results it has been found that the proposed methodology is significant in identifying the chatter severity.

Plasticulture is a method of producing crops in which the use of plastic polymers provides a major advantage. Plasticulture arose from of the late 1930s research and innovation of polyethylene polymer, which was later commercialized as plastic films, mulches, as well as drip-irrigation tubes but also tape in the early 1950s. Other polymers, like as polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, as well as polyesters, were subsequently developed and used in pipes, fittings, fertilizer application equipment, connectors, including row coverings, extending the usage of plastic elements in this industrial system even further. Plastic mulches, fertigation/chemigation, drip irrigation, fumigation, solarization, windbreaks, stand creating technology, seasonal-extending technology, pest controls, cropping methods, postharvest handling, and marketing are all part of the plasticulture system.. Plasticulture-based vegetable crops production is undeniably a labor-intensive process with high input costs and management needs.

Although transgenic crops have enhanced insect pest control, their effectiveness has diminished due to pest resistance. Humans examined global monitoring data from the very first two decades of genetically engineered crops, with each occurrence representing one pest species' response to one Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein in one country (Bt). Pest tolerance to transgenic crops' Bt crystalline (Cry) proteins has increased from three cases in 2005 to sixteen cases in 2016. Hereditary change that is bug-free innovation is fastgrowing, with enormous exploration effort in both the commercial and legislative regions. Although the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely advertised bug-safe transgenic plant, a wide range of traits from higher plants, particularly those producing stomachrelated chemical inhibitors or lectins, have also been introduced into crop cultivars. So far, the quality of opposition from various microbes and species has only been used in a few circumstances.

The first stage in preparing the horticulture industry for creating adaptation plans under climate change scenarios is to quantify the effects of temperature fluctuations, surplus and restricted moisture conditions. Individual crop effects have been studied and assessed throughout the main agro-ecological areas and growing seasons. Scientific validation is required for production methods that may be modified to adapt for climate change. Although production regions for particular crops or the time of sowing and planting may be altered the markets windows as well as infrastructure, like the availability of local packaging as well as the distribution facilities, are important components to consider for many horticultural commodities. It's expected to change key interactions among horticultural plants as well as pollinators, insects, disease, pests, weeds, pests as well as weeds. Because horticulture-based agricultural systems offer a great potential for sequestering carbon for climate change mitigation, there is a need for a fast and clear knowledge of the effect of climate change on horticultural crops in order to develop a solid action plan. Perennial tree work as carbon sinks by sequestering carbon from the atmosphere. The clean development method may be used to get the carbon credits. Based on location-specific climate smart horticulture concepts, an integrated strategy with all available choices will be most successful in maintaining production under climate change circumstances.

Only importation and subsidies has ensured that fossil fuel-based chemical fertilisers are available and affordable at the agricultural level in India. Biofertilizers have developed as a highly potent alternate to chemical fertilisers because to their enviromentally, easy-to-apply, pro, and expense properties. They also act as a supplement to agrochemicals by allowing plants to access micronutrients that are naturally abundant in soil or the ecosystem. Furthermore, if adequate information is made available to farmers and producers via experiences and communication, they have the possibility to be commercially sustainable in the long term. The government of India is aiming to increase the usage of bio fertilisers in combination with modern agrochemical. This paper emphasises the importance of high productivity and increased and active engagement in science and technology, public awareness programmed to increase the extra possibilities of sustainable agricultural extension, and encouraging private organisations and decision makers to consider taking a passion for science in the Indian context and for its coming years in India, as well as trying to encourage private organisations and decision makers to take an interest in this topic in the Indian context including its future in India.

Milk is an exceptionally valuable basic material due to its relative ease of conversion into a broad range of goods. In certain instances, milk receives very little processing, Heating processing to lengthen the microbiological shelf life of the product and homogenized to avoid fat segregation to prolong the physiological storage lifetime. 2 extra well ways for coagulating dairy are alkaline thrombosis for yoghurt and enzymes clotting for cheeses. Milk might also be sprayed-dried or utilized as a basis for isolating components such as proteins or lipids. Milk, and products produced from it, have been the focus of scientific research for almost a century as a consequence of its extensive applications and usage in human nutrition. This chapter provides a brief review of the components and characteristics of milk, with a focus on heat-induced changes in milk. This section focusses mostly on cow 's milking; milking from additional significant dairying animals differs in various ways from cow 's milk, but is is within the the purview of this section. To compare the components and characteristics of milk from cows, buffaloes, goats, and sheep.

Natural ecosystem research and plant species mix studies reveal that both species and genetic diversity improve ecosystem efficiency in general. As a result, crop variety combining might be a feasible option to changing today's high-input farming, that has been linked to a significant loss from within crop genetic variation but also is generally acknowledged as unsustainable. Researchers investigate how various types of mixes impact ecosystem functioning or the underlying ecosystem systems, as explored in ecology or agronomy, but how this information may be used to create more effective combinations. The authors propose that two complementary techniques for boosting variety mixes, namely sampling or complementing effects, be developed through encouraging ecological steps that contribute to a favourable relationship between biodiversity or environmental functioning, as well as its stability over time. (1) High performance mixes are created using the "trait-blind" technique, which is based on assessments of various mixing skills. Although this method is handy since it does not need comprehensive trait information, it does rely on large-scale experimental methods to determine mixing capacity. (2) The trait-based technique is especially beneficial for creating combinations of varieties to supply certain service baskets, but it necessitates the creation of crop variety trait databases as well as the tracking of traitservice correlations. The effectiveness of mixes must be assessed in real-world economic, social, or agronomic situations. Mixtures are becoming more appealing due to the need multifunctional low-input agricultural output, but new breeding approaches are essential to develop variants with better mixing abilities, foster complementarity as well as selection consequences by increasing the variations of relevant traits, as well as investigate various combinations of trait values.

In this study, we have developed a fourth order compact finite difference method for finding the numerical solution of two-parameter singularly perturbed convection-diffusion boundary value problems. We have used fourth order compact finite difference method on uniform mesh which provides a tridiagonal linear system of equations. The convergence analysis of the proposed method is established through a matrix analysis approach and it is proved that present method gives fourth order convergence results. Present method is implemented on two numerical examples for checking the efficiency and precision of the method. Numerical outcomes are exhibited which supports the theoretical outcomes. Numerical outcomes are compared with other existing methods and found that present method gives more accurate approximate solution as compare to the other existing methods.

This research proposes a seven-level inverter with quasi-Z-source boost converters. The proposed topology employs a packed U-cell asymmetrical type multilevel inverter along with front-end quasi-Z-source networks. The quasi networks provide high gain compared to a conventional boost converter. This topology is the most suitable for photovoltaic multi-string applications. The proposed topology has the potential to supply both the alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) type load. The inverter structure has a lower number of active switches which helps in the reduction of losses and improvement in efficiency. In this paper, the operation principle of a quasi-network and inverter circuit are explained in detail. In addition, the simulation results for various modulation indices are presented. In the MATLAB/Simulink environment, the architecture is proposed by using gated sinusoidal “Pulse width modulation”.

Background & Objective: The circular slotted monopole microstrip antenna with Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) feed for unified GSM and Ultra-Wideband (UWB) applications have been presented in this article. Circular shaped slots have been embedded in the radiating patch. Less surface area has been found due to slots etching and the overall antenna size is reduced by 45%. Result: The proposed antenna demonstrates a double band operation wrapping 883.6-1206 MHz (GSM band) and 2.75-18.30 GHz (UWB, X, and Ku) frequency band with VSWR of less than 2 and fractional B. W. of 30.8 % and 147% respectively. The pattern of radiation presented by the antenna is nearly omnidirectional in H-plane and directional in E-plane within the GSM and UWB band. Conclusion: There is a variety of applications nowadays using these UWB antennas such as modern civil and military applications, wireless and radar communications, etc. Measured results are presented to validate the proposed antenna structure, which shows that the proposed designed antenna structure has a stable radiation pattern both at the GSM and UWB band ranges.

Deciphering the most promising strategy for the evolution of microbial infection and inflammation-based therapeutics is one of the most challenging affairs to date. Development of peptide-based smart supergelators with innate antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities is an appealing way out. In this work, the hydrogelators Boc-δ-Ava-(X)-Phe-(Y)-Phe-OH (

An applications of signal processing are frequently used everywhere in day-to-day life. “Digital Signal Processing (DSP)” has been basic requirement of efficient and accurate arithmetic operations for performing fast and accurate signal processing. Logarithm arithmetic provides an option of that desire. In this work, it is presented an efficient VLSI implementation of an antilogarithm converter by using 10-region error correction. It provides error efficient implementation with significant hardware gain. VLSI implementation of reported and proposed antilogarithmic converters design created in Xilinx ISE 12.1. Antilogarithmic converters (reported and proposed design) are synthesized by using Synopsys design software perform the RTL Synthesis analysis by using package design compiler. This paper presents 10- region converter which considers design trade-off where proposed demonstrates 19.75%, 31.02%, 12.65%, 44.65% and 29.91% respective reduction in comparison of previous design. Error analysis was done using MATLAB for proposed conversion method and reported methods. Suggested antilogarithmic converters have 1.559% error only in comparison of 1.7327% error reported by Kuo et al. On behalf of hardware complexity and error analysis results, it can say that the proposed converters could perform better in comparisons of all aspects of reported design.

In this paper, a wideband circularly polarized (CP) textile multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented for wearable applications. The designed MIMO antenna consists of two sickle-shaped resonating elements and a common ground plane. Each antenna element is excited by a microstrip line feed, and an inverted L-shaped strip is introduced in the ground plane to support circular polarization. The antenna covers impedance bandwidth ( $\text{S}_{11}\le -10$ dB) of 3.6–13 GHz and 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 5.2–7.1 GHz. The proposed textile MIMO antenna exhibits envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) < 0.02, diversity gain (DG) $>9.96$ , total active reflective coefficient (TARC) $ < -10$ dB, channel capacity loss (CCL) < 0.2 b/s/Hz, and mean effective gain (MEG) ratio within ±0.5 dB. The antenna offers dual-sense circular polarization and high isolation (>18) between the resonating elements. Also, the proposed antenna is investigated for different human body situations, and its specific absorption rate (SAR) for human tissues specimen is studied. The overall size of the proposed CP textile MIMO antenna is $32.5 \times 42 \times 1$ mm3. The designed MIMO antenna could be useful for wearable applications due to its textile layers, reasonable on-body performance, and compact size.