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Aim: This study aims to assess the predictive role of the preprocedural circulating monocyte to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio (MHR) on the occurrence of stent restenosis (SR) in patients with stable and unstable angina pectoris undergoing successful bare-metal stenting (BMS). Patients & methods: Between February 2008 and June 2014, a total of 831 patients with stable and unstable angina pectoris who underwent successful BMS were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. Left ventricular ejection fraction and laboratory data were also noted. Results: In the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, MHR >14 had 71% sensitivity and 69% specificity in predicting SR. Conclusion: Our study results show that preprocedural MHR is an independent predictor of SR in this patient population.

In this study, the in vitro and in vivo effectiveness of caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) phenethyl ester (CAPE) in combination with bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, was explored in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Materials and methods: The cytotoxic effects of CAPE and bortezomib were determined by XTT cell proliferation assay. Apoptosis levels were analyzed with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate, nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB) was analyzed with electrophoretic mobility-shift assay, and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate CAPE's mechanism of action. To investigate the in vivo effectiveness of CAPE and bortezomib, an experimental plasmacytoma model was induced in BALB/c mice. Results: Increasing concentrations of CAPE and bortezomib decreased the proliferation of ARH-77 cells in a dose-dependent manner. With doses of CAPE IC50, a significant increase in apoptosis and a significant decrease in IL-6 levels were detected. The NF-kB DNA-binding activity decreased compared to the basal ARH-77 level. The administration of CAPE alone or in combination with bortezomib increased the rate of survival compared to the control group. Conclusion: We think that our study, which is the first to demonstrate the in vitro and in vivo effectiveness of the combined use of CAPE and bortezomib, will be a pioneer for future human applications of CAPE in MM.

This paper describes primary subcutaneous infection caused by N. abscessus in a 60-year-old male patient with the history of non-Hodgkins lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The patient was presented with pain and swelling in his left thigh for 45 days. Soft tissue ultrasonography showed a heterogeneous and hypoechoic mass consistent with an abscess. Gram-positive and branched filamentous bacilli, along with neutrophils, were identified in gram-stained smears of the pus. Pus culture was positive for Gram-positive bacilli, which identified as N. abscessus. Initially, the patient was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Due to insufficient clinical response, ceftriaxone was added for two weeks. Then, the patient was prescribed a 3-month course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. It is important to start appropriate and effective treatment as soon as possible in patients with immunosuppression. [Dis Mol Med 2016; 4(3.000): 31-33]

Increased circulating D-dimer levels have been correlated with adverse outcomes in various clinical conditions. To our knowledge, the association of on-admission D-dimer and in-hospital mortality in infective endocarditis (IE) has not been investigated. We hypothesized that increased on-admission D-dimer levels would correlate with adverse outcomes when prospectively studied in patients with IE.In this prospective study, a total of 157 consecutive patients with the definite IE diagnosis met the inclusion criteria and underwent testing for on-admission D-dimer and CRP assays. The outcome measure was in-hospital death from any cause.In-hospital mortality occurred in 40 (26%) patients. Increased levels of plasma D-dimer (5.1 ± 1.7 vs 1.9 ± 0.8, p0.001), CRP [45(13-98) vs 12(5-28), p0.001] were found in dead patients compared with those survived. In addition to S. aureus infection, increased leukocyte count, end-stage renal disease, LVEF50%, vegetation size of10mm, perivalvular abscess, on-admission D-dimer (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.24-1.40; p0.001) and CRP (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.09-1.36; p=0.001) levels were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of D-dimer ≥ 4.2mg/L in predicting in-hospital death in IE were 86% and 85%, respectively. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of CRP levels ≥ 13.6 mg/L were 72% and 69%, respectively.Our findings suggest that on-admission D-dimer level may be a simple, available and valuable biomarker that allows us to identify high-risk IE patients for in-hospital mortality. D-dimer ≥ 4.2mg/L, CRP ≥ 13.6 mg/L were independently associated with IE related in-hospital death.

The no-reflow (NR) phenomenon represents an acute reduction in coronary blood flow without coronary vessel obstruction, coronary vessel dissection, spasm, or thrombosis. No reflow is an important complication among patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). The complete blood count (CBC) is one of the most frequently ordered laboratory tests in clinical practice. Various studies have evaluated the performance of CBC parameters to predict disease severity and mortality risk. Automated cell counters are routinely available in many clinical laboratories and can be used to determine red blood cell distrubiton width (RDW), platetecrit, platelet count, and and some ratios like the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and RDW-platelet ratio. These hematological markers have been reported to be independent predictors of impaired angiographic reperfusion and long-term mortality among patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI. In this context, we reviewed the role of admission CBC parameters for the prediction of NR in patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI.

AIM: In this study, it was aimed to determine of the frequency of Group B Streptococcus which may cause health problems in pregnancy and intrauterine period, during the third trimester. METHOD: Vaginal cultures received from 50 pregnant mothers during the third trimester and Group B Streptococcus research was conducted. Group B Streptococcus were identified by analyzing swap samples received from participants. RESULTS: Particularly affects newborn babies and can cause serious infections group B streptococci in 2 patients (4%) were determined. CONCLUSION: Regular vaginal culture in pregnant third trimester screening be done, with evaluation of risk factors and treatment practices will reduce risk of infection in infants is considered. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2010; 9(2.000): 123-126]

AIM: Study; we aimed the isolation of bacteria and establishment of their susceptibility to antibiotics in patients diagnosed as Chronic Supurative Otitis Media. METHOD: Sixty-three patients were included in the study. The samples of suppurative material were cultured. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and species was identified. RESULTS: S.aureus was isolated in 36,5 % of the 63 patients enrolled in the study. For this bacterium, increased rates of resistance to antibiotics penicillin G, ampicillin /sulbactam, gentamicin, amicacin ve TMP/SMX are detected. The other mostly isolated bacteria are P. aeruginosa (32.69%) and E. coli (23.07%) in turn. P. aeruginosa showed increased ratio of resistance to ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, amicacin, gentamicin, ampicillin, TMP/SMX and amoxicillin/clavulanate and also E. coli showed increased rates of resistance to gentamicin, ampicillin, ampicillin /sulbactam and amoxicillin/clavulanate. CONCLUSION: We consider Chronic Supurative Otitis Media therapy regarding antimicrobial susceptibility rates will be more rational and satisfying. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2010; 9(1.000): 51-54]

AIM: We evaluated retrospectively laboratory test results of 520 patient who has brucellosis suspect between 2002-2004 years. METHOD: We use to Rose-Bengal test, Wright agglutination test and the other laboratory results and demographic properties for diagnosis. RESULTS: Rose-Bengal test was positive in 39 patients (11.3 %) sera. Wright agglutination test was found positive for 1/160 or higher titers in 18 (3.4%) sera. CONCLUSION: Wright agglutination test gave higher positive results in summer and autumn months. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2009; 8(6.000): 485-488]

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiology and recent incidence of HIV infection among young male candidates scheduled for military recruitment and whole young population in Turkey, a country previously known as markedly low prevalence of HIV infection. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the medical records from respective health institutions between the years 2007 and 2013 of male candidates scheduled for recruitment from recruitment offices serving under the National Defence Ministry of Turkish Republic, diagnosed with HIV infection and as such judged as unfit for service were requested. Results: While the total number of new HIV/AIDs cases in 2000 was 157, a fourfold increase (589) was recorded in the year 2010, and reaching 1,068 by the year 2012. Considering, data from the national statistics, in the year 2013 (including the month of November), a total of 7050 HIV positive cases were reported and of all the cases 4,931 (72%) consisted of males. At the same time, an important part of this group falls into the 18-45 year group category. Conclusion: As a conclusion, the prevalence of HIV infection in Turkey remains still low as compared to that of current global figures but the case numbers of HIV positive candidates of recruits and young people in the whole population are increasing alarmingly in significant manner due to every new coming year. So, programs targeted at identifying high risk groups and increasing the testing rates and preventive measures about HIV infection should be improved and developed

WOS:000409412300048 PubMed: 26393156 Objectives: Sepsis is a severe condition with possible high mortality outcomes. A multicentre-survey to detect the knowledge of the physicians who are involved in sepsis management in daily work was conducted. Materials and Methods: The study was held in October 2013. A questionnaire consisting of questions about sepsis bundles was prepared. Eight centers from different regions of the country were invited to join the survey. The questionnaires were introduced to physicians from infectious diseases, internal diseases, emergency (ER) and anaesthesiology departments. Results: Two-hundred-and-twenty-three physicians from eight different centers were included. Of total 112 (50%) were male, median age was 30 years (24-59 years). Median working duration of participants was 5 years; 153 (69%) were residents, 70 (31%) were consultants. Of total 131 (59%) declared that they have enough knowledge on sepsis management. About the most important approach in sepsis, 151 (68%) voted for fluid replacement while 59 (26%) and 13 (6%) said early antibiotic use and inotropic support are the most important approaches respectively. Physicians from ER (56.5%) and anaesthesiology departments (55.4%) were more aware of the fluid replacement element of the bundle (30m1/kg, 3-hours bundle) in severe sepsis. The ID physicians, who routinely follow sepsis patients, were not aware of the fluid resuscitation (only 20% replied the element correctly) but almost all of them answered the question on early antibiotic use and blood culture sampling correctly. The knowledge of target CVP and MAP in severe sepsis were also below expectant among ID physicians. The overall knowledge of sepsis bundles of internal medicine physicians was poor. Almost all of the ER physicians knew that they have to measure lactate level upon admission but they were not aware of the threshold of the lactate level. Conclusion: The knowledge of the sepsis bundles of the physicians, who are in charge of sepsis patients in routine work, was suboptimal. Most of the participants were unaware of SSC and new bundles. Training of the physicians of all centers about sepsis bundles is suggested according to these results.

Background: Premature ventricular complexes (PVC) are a relatively common electrocardiographic abnormality presenting in individuals without overt cardiovascular disease. There is no clear mortality benefit from VPB suppression in asymptomatic patients. In addition, It has been showed that evidence for structural heart disease consistent with non-ischemic scarring possibly due to inflammation in patients with premature ventricular beats . This situation suggests that the mechanisms by which VPBs can be also generated with include clinical and subclinical inflammation. The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an easy, cheap, noninvasive, and universally available laboratory marker used to evaluate clinical and subclinical systemic inflammation.We investigated the NLR in asymptomatic healty young men with PVC(structural heart disease excluded with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging) compared with controls. Methods: The study group consisted of 21 asymptomatic(or atypical complaint) healty young men with PVC ( mean age 22.7 ± 2.0 years. Results: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups with respect to age, gender, body mass index, smoking, as well as glucose, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C, hemoglobin levels, white blood cell count, and red cell distribution width. The NLR was significantly higher among the men with PVC than that of the control group (2.7 ±0.7 vs 1.5 ± 0.4, respectively; P < .001). Conclusions: We found that the NLR is significantly elevated in asymptomatic healty young men with PVC compared with control participants. The increased NLR values might indicate subclinical and clinical inflammation in asymptomatic healty young men with PVC ,and we must consider that there

To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of tinea capitis and tinea pedis in school children in Turkey.The study included 8122 students from 24 schools in the rural and urban areas around Kayseri,Turkey. We asked every student for their personal identification and also for their sanitation in order to get an idea about dermatophytosis. Samples taken from suspicious lesions were collected and inoculated onto Sabouraud dextrose agar slants. For identification of grown fungi, macroscopic appearance of colonies, microscopic examination and biochemical tests were used.There were 41 (0.5%) suspicious lesions in feet and 31 (0.3%) in scalp and 22 (0.2%) students were diagnosed as tinea pedis and 9 (0.1%) as tinea capitis by fungal culture. The predominant etiologic agents in feet were Trichophyton rubrum 8 (36%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes 1 (4%), Rhodotorula 8 (36%), Trichosporon 2 (9%), Candida glabrata 2 (9%), Candida albicans 1 (4%), while Trichophyton verrucosum 8 (88%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes 1 (12%) were identified in scalp samples. School settlement was found as risk factors on the frequency of tinea pedis and capitis. Age and gender were also found as risk factors on the frequency of tinea pedis.The results of this study demonstrate a low prevalence of tinea capitis and tinea pedis in school children of central Anatolia of Turkey. School settlement is a very important factor affecting the prevalence of tinea capitis and pedis in school children in central Anatolia of Turkey.

We hypothesised that increased on-admission and follow-up mean platelet volume (MPV) levels would correlate with adverse outcomes in patients with infective endocarditis (IE). A total of 108 consecutive patients were grouped into two according to median MPV level (≤ 8.6 and > 8.6 fL). Patients with MPV level of > 8.6 fL had a significantly higher rate of end-stage renal disease, Staphylococcus aureus infection, higher CRP levels, embolic events and in-hospital mortality compared to patients with MPV levels ≤ 8.6 fL. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, previous history of IE, S. aureus infection, end-stage renal disease, depressed LVEF, early surgical intervention, vegetation size ≥ 10 mm, presence of perivalvular abscess, higher on-admission platelet count, CRP and MPV levels emerged as independent predictors of in-hospital unfavourable outcomes. Patients with embolic events and in-hospital mortality revealed an incremental trend for MPV levels compared to patients without any adverse events. Our study results suggest that both on-admission and follow-up MPV levels may be a simple and available biomarker for risk stratification of IE patients.

Aim: Rabies is a fatal viral disease. Timely and appropriate vaccination is of vital importance in preventing this disease. The present study explored characteristics of patients that presented to our vaccination center for rabies prophylaxis, reasons for prophylaxis, prophylaxis approach employed, and the rate of compliance to prophylaxis. Materials and Methods: The study included patients who presented to our vaccination center between 2010 and 2012 due to contact with mammals suspected of rabies. Age, gender, site of the bite, previous vaccination status, adherence to vaccination schedule, vaccination schedule employed, type and vaccination status of the attacking animal were recorded on the forms. Results: A total of 591 patients (444 males, 75.1%), who were admitted for vaccination between 2010 and 2012, and who had accessible data, were included in the study. The mean age was 23.82±14.86 years (minimum-maximum: 1-83 years). Of these patients, 97.5% presented after exposure, while 2.5% presented for prophylaxis before exposure. The animals involved in these injuries were dogs in 50.9% and cats in 42.1%. Three cases were medical personnel at the department of forensic medicine that presented for prophylaxis after performing an autopsy to a patient who died from rabies. When the patients were evaluated according to age groups, 48.2% were in the 16-30 years age group. The affected body site was upper extremity in 63.8% of the injuries, lower extremity in 26.1%, head-neck region in 3.2%, and trunk in 1.9%. When the time between the injury and presentation to the hospital was evaluated, 73.6% of the cases presented in the same day, 25% presented between days 1 and 6, and 1.3% presented between days 7 and 15. After exposure, 54% of the patients received 5 doses, 46% received 3 doses, and 4.2% of the patients additionally received rabies hyperimmunoglobulin. Conclusion: The patients presented to our center due to suspected exposure to rabies mostly consisted of young individuals. Dogs were the most frequent animals involved in these injuries. Vaccination of the petted cats and dogs using a particular vaccination schedule, and breeding of stray animals are particularly important in combat with rabies. One fourth of the cases presented to our center days after the exposure. Public awareness campaigns must be conducted by the health authorities due to the fact that administration of prophylaxis as soon as possible after exposure.

Kolesteatomali Kronik otitler gunumuzde halen guncelligini korumakta ve onemini surdurmektedir. Kolesteatomali KOM cerrahisinde baslica kapali, acik ve doldurulmus kavite teknikleri kullanilmakta. Kapali tekniklerde anatomi ve isitmenin korunmasina ragmen nuks kolesteatoma ve revizyon mastoidektomi ameliyat riski oldukca fazladir. Acik tekniklerde ise kavite bakim sorunlari olmasi, isitmenin daha fazla etkilenmesine ragmen nuks kolesteatoma riski oldukca dusuktur. Son yillarda kolesteatoma riski kadar isitmenin rekonstruksiyonu on plana cikmistir. Ancak isitme rekonstruksiyonu ve postoperatif bakim sorunlarini ortadan kaldirmak icin kucuk, kuru ve mumkun oldugunca anatomisi restore edilmis bir kavite gerekmektedir. Bu amacla GATA Haydarpasa Egitim Hastanesi KBB servisinde 12 kolesteatomali kronik otitis mediali hastaya radikal mastoidektomi+DKY rekonstruksiyonu+mastoid kavite obliterasyonu ameliyati uyguladik. Bu calismada amacimiz olgularimizda kuru, kucuk ve epitelize DKY olan bir kavite elde etmek idi. Bu hastalari postoperatif 15 ay sure ile takip ettik. Olgularimizda 1. ayin sonunda 3 olguda, 3. ayin sonunda 5 olguda, 6.ayin sonunda 9 olguda ve 12.ayin sonunda 11 olguda kuru ve epitelize intakt DKY elde ettik. Bir olguya, tedavi ile gecmeyen ve pis kokulu kulak akintisi nedeni ile postoperatif 14. ayda revizyon mastoidektomi yaparak orta kulagi dolduran rekurren kolesteatoma tespit ettik. Ayni zamanda DKY kemik greftinin rezorbe oldugunu gozledik. Radikal mastoidektomilerde DKY’nun kortikal kemik grefti ile rekonstrukte edilmesi ve mastoid kavitenin temporal adale ile rekonstruksiyonunun acik tekniklerdeki kavite problemlerinin giderilmesinde ve isitme rekonstruksiyonunda etkili oldugu sonucuna vardik.

Our country is in the median endemicity belt in terms of hepatitis B virus infection. This study was performed in the commando candidates who came from all over Turkey to a military division/brigade, between January 2007 and December 2009, 20.681 commando candidates were checked for HBsAg positivity and these data were investigated retrospectively. In our study, hepatitis B virus carriage among young men as the Turkey\s average was 3.3%. This data was lower than those reported previously. We attribute this positive trend to the dissemination of immunization programs, the increase of births in the hospitals rather than home delivery, and the widespread use of HBsAg screening tests before marriage [TAF Prev Med Bull 2014; 13(3.000): 197-200]

Background: The aim of the study is to find out the factors that make the first-graders and newly graduates on probation in 2012-2013 educational calendar to choose military medical faculty and to determine the precedence that they take into account in choosing a profession. Methods: After having necessary authorizations, this cross-sectional study was conducted in Gulhane Military Medical Academy in Turkey between March 2013 and April 2013. Ninetyfive students who completed their first year education and 58 newly graduated physicians joined the study. The form of survey had two parts. The first part deals with the socio-demographic features of participants and second part has questions that try to find the reasons of their preferences of medical science and military medical faculty and the reasons of not being chosen of military medical faculty and the questions related with their professional career. Results: When the factors that effects participants working life is examined, the rate of people who wants to work continuously in primary care centers is 9,2% (n=14). When first graders and new graduates are examined whether they want to work in other institutions different from Turkish Armed Forces (TAF), a significant difference is found (p

AIM:This study aims to review medical faculty junior and senior students; perceptions of patient safety and medical errors and to provide awareness about these subjects. Medical faculty students for the first time, examine the patient after 3 or 4 years later beginning the faculty. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study and its population comprises of 4.,5. and 6. grade students of Gulhane Military Medical Faculty (GMMF). The study was conducted in GMMF between 1-30 April 2013. The Local Ethics Committee approved the study protocol. The total study population was tried to be reached..The exclusion criteria were denying participating and being unable to reach. RESULTS: Out of 248 4.5.and 6.grade students, 183 were reached .When the participants those or their relatives experienced malpractice and not experienced were compared regarding their answers on whether the physician who does malpractice should be punished or not, a statistically significant difference between the groups was revealed (p=0,017) CONCLUSION:It is seen that effects that increase the awareness such as more intense clinical studies, having knowledge about the subject, getting harmed from malpractice increase the perception of malpractice. Particularly the practices and studies of patient safety done in university hospitals have some benefits on the approach and point of views of medical school students, taking these benefits into account, we consider that taking active role in these studies for students and including patient safety classes into the medical school programs would be useful in increasing the awareness and in being more cautious against malpractice [TAF Prev Med Bull 2014; 13(4.000): 315-320]

Objective: It has been reported that the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio is significantly elevated in patients with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Methods: We studied 1274 asymptomatic young males (military personnel screening) who underwent routine health check-up. Of them, 102 subjects had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Results: The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher among the men with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than that of the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: We conclude that the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio is significantly elevated in asymptomatic healthy young men with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with control participants.

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to determine the seropositivity of antiHAV IgG in young adults aged 16-24 years admitted to department of pediatrics and department of infectious diseases of a hospital in Kayseri. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was performed in a public hospital in Kayseri. In this study, the anti-HAV IgG results of 1032 patients aged 16-24 years admitted to hospital between 1st January, 2006 and 1st April, 2010 were investigated and the association between the anti-HAV IgG results and demographic features such as age and gender was analysed. Patients having immunisation history with HAV vaccine were not included in the study. The SPSS 15.0 was used for statistical analysis of data. Results: The study population were included a total of 1032 patients, 769 (74.6%) male and 263 (25.4%) female, mean age of 22.3± 2 years in male and 20.6±4 years in female. Total Anti-HAV IgG seropositivity was %61.8 (638/1032). Anti-HAV IgG results were seropositive 150 out of 263 (57.0%) in female group and 488 out of 769 (63.4%) in male group. There was no statistically significant association between seropositivity and age or gender (p>0,05). Conclusion: In this study, it was shown a lower seropositivity of anti-HAV IgG in young adults. It seems that effective precautions such as vaccination should be carried out for prevention of HAV infection and its complications which are more severe in adults.

Background: Onychomycosis is a world-wide public health concern in children, requiring epidemiological data for different regions for control and prevention. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the predominant pathogens and risk factors for onychomycosis in school children living in Kayseri, Turkey. Methods: This study included 8122 school children, aged 5-16 years, living in the rural and urban areas around Kayseri. Onychomycosis was clinically classified as distal and lateral subungual (DLSO), proximal subungual, superficial white, endonyx and totally dystrophic onychomycosis. Nail samples from children with clinically diagnosed onychomycosis were collected, examined by direct microscopy and inoculated for culture study. The demographic features and possible risk factors were recorded and assessed by logistic regression models. Results: We clinically diagnosed onychomycosis in 152 out of 8,122 (0.18%) school children. DLSO was the most frequent clinical diagnosis (120/152, 78.9%). Culture-positive onychomycosis was detected in 27/152 (17.7%) children. The prevalence of culture-positive onychomycosis was determined as 0.33%. All culture-positive samples were only from toenails. The onychomycosis causative agents were dermatophytes in 17/27 cases (62.9%), including Trichophyton rubrum 12 (44.4%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes 1 (3.7%), Trichophyton tonsurans 1 (3.7%) and Trichophyton spp. 3 (11.1%) and yeasts in 10/27 cases (37.1%), including Candida glabrata 4 (14.8%), Candida parapsilosis 1 (3.7%), Trichosporon 2 (7.4%) and Rhodotorula 3 (11.1%). Age, father′s occupation, number of siblings and rooms were statistically associated with the frequency of onychomycosis. Conclusions: Although to be prevalence of onychomycosis in school children in central Anatolia of Turkey seems very low degree, pediatric onychomycosis is a growing public health concern all over the world. Children having more siblings or unemployed fathers and children living in small house as well as older children should be examined carefully for onychomycosis.