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In August 2021, we detected highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses in poultry in southern Benin. The isolates were genetically similar to H5N1 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b isolated during the same period in Africa and Europe. We also found evidence for 2 separate introductions of these viruses into Benin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Des millions d'oiseaux d'élevage abattus, des centaines de fous de Bassan morts sur le littoral, des mammifères marins agonisants atteints de troubles neurologiques : ces événements font régulièrement la une de l'actualité. Leur point commun ? Les virus influenza aviaires hautement pathogènes (VIAHP). Les VIAHP sont des virus capables de se répliquer de manière systémique, engendrant des infections asymptomatiques comme une mortalité foudroyante, en fonction de la sensibilité des espèces hôtes. Connus depuis maintenant plusieurs décennies, ces virus ont vu leur circulation particulièrement augmenter ces dernières années et ont été responsables d'épizooties massives sur plusieurs continents. Aux effets dévastateurs qu'ils peuvent causer dans les filières avicoles et dans la faune sauvage, les VIAHP sont également capables de franchir la barrière d'espèce. Mieux les connaître et mieux maîtriser leur diffusion revêt donc plusieurs objectifs : protéger la santé publique, garantir la sécurité alimentaire, préserver la biodiversité ou encore l'économie des filières avicoles. Cet article de synthèse fait un état de l'art des connaissances actuelles sur les VIAHP : de leur épidémiologie aux mécanismes d'émergence en passant par les mesures de lutte. Millions of farmed birds culled, hundreds of gannets dead on the coast, dying marine mammals suffering from neurological disorders: these events regularly make the headlines. What do they have in common? Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV). HPAIVs are viruses capable of replicating systemically, causing both asymptomatic infections and devastating mortality, depending on the susceptibility of the host species. Known for several decades now, these viruses have seen their circulation particularly increased in recent years, and have been responsible for massive epizootics on several continents. In addition to the devastating effects they can cause in poultry and wildlife, HPAIVs are also capable of crossing the species barrier. Improving knowledge about these viruses and better control of their spread therefore has several objectives: to protect public health, to guarantee food safety, to preserve biodiversity and the economy of the poultry industry. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on HPAIVs: from their epidemiology to the mechanisms of emergence and control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millions of farmed birds culled, hundreds of gannets dead on the coast, dying marine mammals suffering from neurological disorders: these events regularly make the headlines. What do they have in common? Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV). HPAIVs are viruses capable of replicating systemically, causing both asymptomatic infections and devastating mortality, depending on the susceptibility of the host species. Known for several decades now, these viruses have seen their circulation particularly increased in recent years, and have been responsible for massive epizootics on several continents. In addition to the devastating effects they can cause in poultry and wildlife, HPAIVs are also capable of crossing the species barrier. Improving knowledge about these viruses and better control of their spread therefore has several objectives: to protect public health, to guarantee food safety, to preserve biodiversity and the economy of the poultry industry. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on HPAIVs: from their epidemiology to the mechanisms of emergence and control measures.