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This article discusses a case of abdominal infective native aortic aneurysm caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus, a gram-negative rod commonly found in the oral cavity of dogs and cats. While this bacterium is typically of low virulence in healthy individuals, it can cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients. The article reviews the literature on this pathogen and highlights the importance of considering C. canimorsus as a potential cause of infection in patients who have had contact with dogs. The case study emphasizes the need for prolonged incubation of surgical samples and the use of molecular biology techniques for accurate diagnosis. [Extracted from the article]

Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a cytotoxin produced by some strains of Staphylococcus aureus. These strains are responsible for primary skin infections and necrotizing pneumonia. This rare entity is mainly described [...]

Low-birthweight infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units are at high risk of hospital-acquired infections by opportunistic pathogens. The gut microbiota of preterm neonates lacks commensal bacteria providing a barrier against pathogens. We report a case of bacteremia due to Kosakonia cowanii in a preterm neonate. A female baby of 680 g was delivered through a cesarean-section at 28 weeks of gestation due to intrauterine growth retardation and fetal rhythm abnormalities. On day 27, two blood cultures grew gram-negative bacilli in a context of functional ileus. No reliable identification could be obtained using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight, biochemical reactions with the VITEK 2 GN ID card, or 16S rDNA sequencing. K. cowanii was finally identified by gyrB sequencing. The source of infection may have been either the central venous catheter or translocation from the gut microbiota. Evolution was favorable after 14 days of cefepime (combined with amikacin for 5 days) and central venous catheter removal. K. cowanii is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family that was recently reclassified from the Enterobacter genus. Human infections due to K. cowanii are scarce and have mainly been associated with traumatic inoculation from plants or transient gut colonization. K. cowanii may be an underestimated opportunistic pathogen in susceptible populations such as preterm neonates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, incidence and severity of invasive group A Streptococcus infections (iGAS) has increased in Europe and worldwide (1). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance reports attest [...]

The article focuses on the limitations of the Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Renal Damage in Luxembourg (PREDICT) trial, specifically addressing the potential confounding role of bacterial attachment factors, such as uromodulin, in the reported results. It authors suggest considering modifications to recommendations, particularly for patients with uromodulin deficiency and high-grade vesicoureteral reflux.

Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum, a Gram-positive rod belonging the oropharynx microbiota, is usually described in pulmonary infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. This paper describes a rare case of native aortic infectious endocarditis (IE) and reviews the literature on similar cases. A 62-year-old man with rheumatic fever since childhood was hospitalized for surgical treatment of a febrile IE due to C. diphtheriticum with a large vegetation (15.8 X 8.3 mm). MALDI-TOF-MS from strain isolated in positive blood cultures identified C. pseudodiphtheriticum (2.34), and 16S rRNA sequencing from the valve sample confirmed the identification. The summary of 25 cases shows that the outcome of an IE due to C. pseudodiphtheriticum is bad. The review of the literature shows that this agent found in blood cultures in a cardiovascular context deserves to be explored meticulously because an unfavorable prognosis is frequent.

The rapid detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) in a positive blood culture is important in order to initiate an appropriate antibiotic therapy and thus decrease mortality. We evaluated the new BL-RED (β-Lactamase Rapid Electrochemical Detection) test in 100 positive blood culture broths to detect (in ten minutes) the presence or absence of ESBL-E. The BL-RED test appears to be an easy, rapid and reliable test to detect the presence of ESBL directly in Gram negative bacilli-positive blood culture broths, with good performances (sensibility =97.3%, specificity =90.5%, predictive positive value =85.7% and predictive negative value =98.3%). This test could be useful for therapeutic decisions and adjustments of sepsis empirical antibiotic therapy, particularly in wards where the ecology is unfavorable, such as in intensive care units.