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Bolostromus hubeni new species Figs 24–32, map 2 Type material. Male holotype from Ecuador, Napo Province, near Papallacta refuge (-0.343426 -78.200065) 3952m, 19–20 May 2108, pan trap in páramo, M. Huben (QCAZ). Allotype: ♀, Ecuador, Napo Province, near Papallacta refuge (-0.343426 -78.200065) 3952m, 26–27 May 2018, pan trap in páramo, M. Huben (QCAZ). Paratypes: 8J, 2 juv., Ecuador, Napo Province, near Papallacta refuge (-0.343426 -78.200065) 3952m, 26–27 May 2018, pan trap in páramo, M. Huben (MCZ, QCAZ, ZMH-A0019757, A0019758). Etymology. The specific name is in honor of Mike Huben, an eclectic American personage reborn as an entomologist in Ecuador, for his contribution to the study of the Ecuadorian invertebrate fauna and the collector of the species. Diagnosis. Males and females are differentiated from all species by their color pattern consisting of a dark abdomen with four pairs of whitish marks and one whitish arrow-shape mark apically (Figs 24A, 27A). Furthermore, males are distinguished by their elongated bulb; short embolus smoothly curved apically (Fig. 26C–E); females are distinguished by their internal genitalia with one elongated spermathecae with one small rounded external lobe (Fig. 29A). Description. Male (holotype): Total length: 9.34; carapace length: 4.35; carapace width: 3.58; carapace height: 1.46; abdomen length: 4.99. CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace elongated hexagonal; dark reddish-brown; pars cephalica smooth; pars thoracia smooth; cephalic groove deep, with pit medially (Fig. 25C, arrow); fovea broad, procurved (Fig. 25A); caput not strongly elevate (Fig. 25C). Clypeus: 0.25. Sternum elongated 2.38/ 1.87, orange with dark reddish-brown triangular mark medio-basally; reticulated, posterior and median sigillae oval and anterior rounded (Fig. 25B). Labium dark orange-brown; without cuspule. Endites quadrangle; orange-brown with six cuspules; serrula not observed. Chelicerae dark reddish-brown; promargin seven teeth and 16 denticles; rastrellum with 21 spines. EYES: AME: 0.15; ALE: 0.26; PLE: 0.18; PME: 0.12; interdistances: AME: 0.11; ALE-ALE: 0.08; PME: 0.35; PME-PLE: 0.07; LE: 0.08; ocular quadrangle: 0.84/0.93/0.42. ABDOMEN: oval; dorsally dark gray with four pairs of whitish marks and one arrow-shaped withish mark apically; ventrally uniformly dark gray (Fig. 24A, B). Spinnerets: median spinnerets: 0.40; lateral spinnerets: 0.67/0.40/0.69. LEGS: Uniformly orange-brown; metatarsi I straight, with thick apical 1/3 scopulae (Fig. 25D); tarsi I–II with complete scopulae (Fig. 25D); metatarsi II with thick apical 1/3 scopulae; leg III–IV without scopulae. Coxae I–II without inner short stiff setae. Tarsal claw teeth (6/5) (4-5/6) (4/5) (3–5/5). LEGS MEASUREMENTS: I 13.08 (3.71/1.86/3.07/2.58/1.86); II 11.12 (2.90/1.52/2.62/2.33/1.75); III 8.46 (2.43/1.16/1.51/1.90/1.46); IV 12.35 (3.41/1.52/2.96/2.75/1.71); leg formula: 1423. LEGS SPINATION: femur I (0); II 1-1d; III 1-1-1d; IV 1d with 18 grouped pro-apical spines; patellae I, II, IV (0); III with 16p, 2r; tibia I, 3p; 1-1-1-1-1-1; 3r; II 1-1-1v; 2vap; III 1p, 2pap; 1d, 2v, 2vap;1r, 1rap; IV 2-2- 2vap; 1r; metatarsus I 1v 1vap; II 1-1; 2vap; III 1p, 1-2-3d;1r, 2-2, 3vap; IV 1-1r, 2-1-1-2v, 3vap; tarsus I, II (0); III 2p, 1-1-2v; IV 2p; 1-1-1-1-1v; 5r. GENITALIA: Palp measurements length: 2.31/1.13/1.90/0.84; bulb: 0.82/0.32 wide. Palpal tibia with diffuse black band dorsally, slender; cymbium with nine spines apically (Fig. 26A, B); bulb elongated; embolus short, smoothly bent apically (Fig. 26C–E). Female (allotype): Total length: 9.68; carapace length: 4.01; carapace width: 3.46; carapace height: 2.02; abdomen length: 5.67. CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace elongated rectangular, wider anteriorly; light reddish-brown; pars cephalica smooth; pars thoracia smooth; cephalic groove deep, pit-like medially (Fig. 28C, arrow); caput slightly elevated (Fig. 28C); fovea broad, procurved (Fig. 28A). Clypeus height: 0.3. Sternum elongated 2.40/2.05, orange with dark reddish-brown triangular mark medio-basally, reticulated; sigillae inconspicuous (Fig. 28B). Labium orange-brown; without cuspules. Endites quadrangle; orange-brown with 10 cuspules; serrula not observed. Chelicerae dark reddish-brown; promargin with seven teeth and nine denticles; rastrellum with ~23 spines. EYES: AME: 0.12; ALE: 0.28; PLE: 0.18; PME: 0.12; interdistances: AME: 0.12; AME-ALE: 0.15; PME: 0.42; PME-PLE: 0.08; LE: 0.12; ocular quadrangle: 0.85/0.92/0.45. ABDOMEN: as in male (Fig. 27A, B). Spinnerets: median spinnerets: 0.55; lateral spinnerets: 0.70/0.45/0.72. LEGS: coloration as in male. Metatarsi I with thin half scopulae (Fig. 28D); metatarsi II with inconspicuous apical scopulae; tarsi I–II with complete scopulae (Fig. 28D); legs III, IV without scopulae; palp with almost complete scopulae. Coxae I–II without inner short stiff setae. Tarsal claw teeth (4-5/5) (4/6) (2-3/3-4) (3/5). LEGS MEASUREMENTS: I 8.42 (2.62/1.43/1.88/1.44/1.05); II 9.67 (2.97 /1.63/2.22/1.54/1.31); III 6.38 (2.02/1.33/0.99/1.12/0.92); IV 10.20 (3.30/1.31/2.47/1.81/1.31); leg formula: 4123. LEGS SPINATION: femur I–III (0); IV with 16 grouped pro-apical spines; patellae I, II, IV (0); III with 18p, 2r; tibia I (0); II 1v; III 3p, 1d, 2r, 2vap; IV 1-2v, 2vap; metatarsus I 1-1v, 1vap; II 1-1v, 3vap; III 2p, 1-2-2-3d, 1r, 1-2v, 2vap; IV 2r, 1-2-1v, 2vap; tarsus I, II (0); III 6p, 1r; 7p; IV 5r. GENITALIA: Spemathecae elongated with one, apical globose external lobes (Fig. 29A). Distribution. Only found at the type locality in Napo Province, Ecuador. Natural history. Specimens were collected by pitfalls trap in the Andean Páramo at 3952m. Note. Juvenile specimen presents the same coloration as adult (Fig. 29B).

Bolostromus italoi new species Figs 35–36, 70, map 2 Type material. Female holotype from Ecuador, Loja Province, Oña (-03. 471850 -79.168543) 2252m, 16.XI.2021, hand collecting in burrow in dry area, I. Tapia (QCAZ). Paratypes: 6♀ from Ecuador, same data as holotype (QCAZ, ZMH-A0019759, A0019760 MCZ). Additional material. ECUADOR: Loja Province: Oña (-03. 471850 -79.168543) 2252m, 16.XI.2021, 1♀ 5juv., hand collecting in burrow in dry area, I. Tapia (DTC). Etymology. The specific name is in honor of Italo Germanico Tapia Caisaguano in recognition of his help and enthusiasm in collecting Ecuadorian spiders including this new species. Diagnosis. Females most resemble B. valdivia n. sp. in coloration but are differentiated from all species by the combination of the following characters: carapace fovea strongly procurved and, with ending recurved (Fig. 36A, arrow), metatarsi I with thick, almost complete scopulae, and internal genitalia with elongated and narrow spermathecae with elongated external lobe (Fig. 36E). Description. Female (holotype): Total length: 15.31; carapace length: 6.82; carapace width: 5.52; carapace height: 3.43; abdomen length: 8.49. CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace almost rectangular sightly medially, margin sinuous; pars cephalica dark brown; pars thoracica light brown, smooth; cephalic groove well defined, with pit medially; fovea broad, strongly procurved with end recurved (Fig. 36A); caput strongly elevate (Fig. 36C). Clypeus: 0.21. Sternum elongated 3.94/2.79, light beige medially, dark brown laterally; posterior sigillae oval, median and anterior sigillae rounded (Fig. 36B). Labium dark reddish-brown without cuspule; elongated. Endites quadrangle; dark reddish-brown with 12 cuspules; serrula not observed. Chelicerae dark brown; promargin seven teeth and 26 denticles; rastrellum with 15 spines. EYES: AME: 0.19; ALE: 0.34; PLE: 0.22; PME: 0.21; interdistances: AME: 0.15; AME-ALE: 0.16; PME: 0.65; PME-PLE: 0.08; LE: 0.13; ocular quadrangle: 1.38/1.47/0.52. ABDOMEN: Oval, dark gray with a median light gray pattern of triangular marks, ventrally light gray (Fig. 35A, B). Spinnerets: median spinnerets: 0.67; lateral spinnerets: 1.03/0.74/1.06. LEGS: Uniformly brown; metatarsi I with strong 2/3 scopulae (Fig. 36D); metatarsi II with half scopulae; tarsi I–II with complete scopulae (Fig. 36D); leg III–IV without scopulae. Coxae I–II with inner short stiff setae (Fig. 36B, arrow). Tarsal claw teeth (7/6) (6/7) (5/6) (5/4-5). LEG MEASUREMENTS: I 17.17 (5.39/2.88/3.87/2.87/2.16); II 15.23 (4.69/2.36/3.28/2.74/1.81); III 11.28 (3.78/1.97/1.61/2.40/1.52); IV 18.17 (5.12/2.92/4.51/3.79/1.83); leg formula: 4123. LEGS SPINATION: femur I–III (0); IV with 11 grouped pro-apical spines; patellae I, II, IV (0); III with 14p, 2r; tibia I (0); II 1vap; III 2-2v, 2vap, 3p, 1d, 2r; IV 2-2v, 2vap, 3r; metatarsus I 1-1v 3vap; II 1-1-1-1v, 3vap; III 3p, 1-1-2-2d, 2r, 2-2v, 2vap; IV 2r, 2-1-2-2-1-1v, 4vap; tarsus I, II (0); III 3v, 3p; IV 3v, 2r, 3p. GENITALIA: Spermathecae elongated and narrow with elongated external lobes (Fig. 36E). Male: Unknown. Distribution. Only known from the type locality in Loja Province, Ecuador. Natural History. Specimens were collected at an altitude of 2252m in a dry forest of the Andes, females build a silk-lined burrow covered by debris (Fig. 69A, B)., Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, 2023, Review of the American genus Bolostromus Ausserer, 1875 with the description of fourteen new species (Araneae, Cyrtaucheniidae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 5317 (1) on pages 46-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5317.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8153783

Bolostromus pulchripes (Simon, 1889) Fig. 14, map 1 Celidotopus pulchripes Simon, 1889 m: 185 (Description female from Venezuela). Bolostromus pulchripes Simon, 1903a: 894. Type material. ♀. Long. 10 mill. Colonie Tovar, San Esteban. Examined. Label 1. MNHN Paris –AR4246, Bolostromus pulchripes Simon, 1889. Venezuela: San Esteban, Simon, E. leg. Label 2. Lectotype + paralectotype (s) Indicatti R.P. det. 2007 collection Simon no. 9872. Type designation. 1 female, 2 juveniles syntypes [AR4246]. Distribution. Venezuela. Note. The jar contains a label written by Indicatti R. P. in 2007, designating a lectotype + paralectotype, unfortunately, we were unable to find the formal type designation in the literature. Furthermore, the internal genitalia could not be seen in the microvial, for a complete description and genitalia illustration, see Indicatti (2007: 24)., Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, 2023, Review of the American genus Bolostromus Ausserer, 1875 with the description of fourteen new species (Araneae, Cyrtaucheniidae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 5317 (1) on pages 22-23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5317.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8153783

Dupérré, Nadine (2023): Review of the American genus Bolostromus Ausserer, 1875 with the description of fourteen new species (Araneae, Cyrtaucheniidae). Zootaxa 5317 (1): 1-88, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5317.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5317.1.1

Bolostromus laheredia new species Figs 1–3, map 1 Type material. Male holotype from Costa Rica, La Heredia, La Selva Biol. Sta., 13.iii.1987, D.M. Olson (MCZ 71157). Paratype: COSTA RICA: J, La Heredia, La Selva (near Puerto Viejo), IV. 1986, W. Eberhard (MCZ 71139). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality, La Heredia in Costa Rica. Diagnosis. Males most resemble B. panamanus but are distinguished by the combination of the following combination characters: tibiae I with 4–5 ventral spines (Fig. 2D); eyes on mound (Fig. 2C); palpal bulb round and embolus tip strongly curved apically (Fig. 3C–E). Whereas B. panamanus has two ventral spines on tibiae I (Fig. 7D); eyes not on prominent mound (Fig. 7C); palpal bulb thinner and tip sinuous (Fig. 8C–E). Description. Male (holotype): Total length: 4.16; carapace length: 2.10; carapace width: 1.74; carapace height: 0.9; abdomen length: 2.06. CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace almost rectangular slightly wider medially, margin sinuous; pars cephalica orange-brown; pars thoracica light orange-brown, smooth; cephalic groove not well defined, without pit medially; fovea broad, procurved (Fig. 2A); caput not strongly elevated (Fig. 2C). Clypeus height: 0.1. Sternum 1.32/0.99, yellow, smooth; all sigillae rounded, inconspicuous (Fig. 2B). Labium yellow without cuspule. Endites quadrangle; yellow with 13 cuspules; serrula not observed. Chelicerae dark reddish-orange; promargin six teeth and 10 denticles; rastrellum with seven spines. EYES: AME: 0.14; ALE: 0.19; PLE: 0.13; PME: 0.07; interdistances: AME: 0.05; AME-ALE: 0.01; PME: 0.28; PME-PLE: 0.03; LE: 0.02; ocular quadrangle: 0.59/0.58/0.28. ABDOMEN: oval, dark gray dorsally, and light beige ventrally (Fig. 1A, B). Spinnerets: median spinnerets: 0.17; lateral spinnerets: 0.32/0.31/0.39. LEGS: Leg I, femur, patellae, and tibiae dark orange-brown, metatarsi and tarsi yellow; leg II femur orange-brown, patellae to tarsi orange; leg III–IV without a pattern, uniformly yellow. Coxae I–II without inner short stiff setae. Metatarsi I–II with half scopulae (Fig. 2D); tarsi I–II with thick complete scopulae (Fig. 2D); III–IV without scopulae. Tarsal claw teeth (6/9) (8/3) (5/3) (5/2). LEGS MEASUREMENTS: I 7.06 (2.03/0.93/1.63/1.43/1.04); II 5.93 (1.69/0.70/1.48/1.12/0.94); III 4.39 (1.24/0.62/0.7 5/1.00/0.78); IV 6.39 (1.79/0.62/1.68/1.44/0.86); leg formula: 1423. LEGS SPINATION: femur I–III (0); IV with 6 grouped pro-apical spines; patellae I 1v, II, IV (0); III with 9p, 1r; tibia I 1-1-1-1v, 3rl; II 1v, 2vap; III 1d, 1-1v, 2vap; IV 2-2v, 2vap; metatarsus I (0); II 1v, 1vap; III 3p, 1-1-2-3d, 2r, 1-1-2v, 2vap; IV 2r, 1-1v, 3vap; tarsus I, II (0); III 1-1-1v; IV 1v. GENITALIA: Palp: 1.26/0.5/1.02/0.45; bulb: 0.48/0.24. Femur slightly longer than tibiae, darker than other palpal segments; cymbium with three apical spines (Fig. 3A, B); bulb globose; embolus short with curved tip (Fig. 3C–E). Female: Unknown. Distribution. Only found at the type locality in Costa Rica. Natural History. Both specimens were collected in a tropical wet forest at an altitude between 100– 110m., Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, 2023, Review of the American genus Bolostromus Ausserer, 1875 with the description of fourteen new species (Araneae, Cyrtaucheniidae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 5317 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5317.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8153783

Bolostromus urku new species Figs 50–52, map 2 Type material. Holotype male from Ecuador, Pichincha Province, La Union del Toachi, Otongachi Natural Reserve (-00.330510 -78.934420) 1087m, 25 Feb. 2020, pitfall, N. Dupérré, I.G. Tapia, E.E. Tapia (QCAZ). Paratypes: Ecuador: Pichincha Province: 2J, La Union del Toachi, Otongachi Natural Reserve (-00.330510 -78.934420) 1087m, 18 Feb. 2020, N. Dupérré, I.G. Tapia, E.E. Tapia (ZMH-A0015734, A0015735). Etymology. The specific name is a non-Latin noun (invariable), taken from the Quechua language meaning small mountain, refering to the habitat. Diagnosis. Males most resemble B. pristirana n. sp. but are distinguished by are straight fovea (Fig. 51A), procurved in the latter (Fig. 48A), tibia I without megaspine (Fig. 51D) present in B. pristirana n. sp. (Fig. 48D). Description. Male (holotype): Total length: 2.90; carapace length: 1.56; carapace width: 1.36; carapace height: 0.78; abdomen length: 1.34. CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace elongated hexagonal; margin sinuous; pars cephalica dark brown, reticulate; pars thoracica, lighter brown, reticulate; cephalic groove shallow, with pit medially; fovea broad, straight (Fig. 51A); caput not strongly elevate (Fig. 51C). Clypeus: 0.09. Sternum 1.04/0.86, orange-brown, strongly reticulate; sigillae oval (Fig. 51B). Labium orange-brown; without cuspule. Endites quadrangle; orange-brown with seven cuspules; serrula not observed. Chelicerae dark reddish-brown; promargin five teeth and 14 denticles; rastrellum with 6–7 spines. EYES: AME: 0.08; ALE: 0.12; PLE: 0.08; PME: 0.04; interdistances: AME: 0.03; ALE-ALE: touching; PME: 0.14; PME-PLE: 0.02; LE: 0.02; ocular quadrangle: 0.41/0.42/0.19. ABDOMEN: Oval; dorsally beige with dark pattern consisting of two broken chevrons posterior half; ventrally uniformly beige (Fig. 50A, B). Spinnerets: median spinnerets: 0.14; lateral spinnerets: 0.24/0.17/0.25. LEGS: Uniformly light brown. Coxae I–II without inner short stiff setae. Metatarsi I broader apically, with thin apical half scopulae; tarsi I–II with thin full scopulae (Fig. 51D); Metatarsi II with thin apical half scopulae; leg III, IV without scopulae. Tarsal claw teeth (3/5) (3/7) (2/3) (3/4). LEGS MEASUREMENTS: I 4.98 (1.42/0.67/1.22/0.91/0.67); II 4.04 (1.2 1/0.51/0.94/0.76/0.62); III 3.14 (0.97/0.41/0.59/0.63/0.54); IV 4.58 (1.31/0.48/1.16/0.97/0.66); leg formula: 1423. LEGS SPINATION: femur I, II, III (0); IV 1-1-4d; patellae I, II, IV (0); III with 6pd; tibia I 1-2v; II 1v; 1vap; III 1p; 1d, 1v, 3vap; IV 1-2v, 2vap; metatarsus I (0); II 1-1; 1vap; III 1p, 1-2d, 3d; 2vap; 1r; IV 1-2v, 2vap; tarsus I–IV (0). GENITALIA: Palp measurements: 0.80/0.36/0.610.37; bulb: 0.34/0.15. Palpal tibia wider basally; cymbium with four spines apically (Fig. 52A, B); bulb elongated with small constriction; embolus short and sinuous (Fig. 52C–E). Female: Unknown. Distribution. Only found at the type locality in Pichincha Province, Ecuador. Natural history. Specimens were collected by pitfalls trap in a low evergreen forest., Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, 2023, Review of the American genus Bolostromus Ausserer, 1875 with the description of fourteen new species (Araneae, Cyrtaucheniidae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 5317 (1) on pages 66-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5317.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8153783

Bolostromus gaujoni (Simon, 1889) Figs 33, 34, map 2 Phaenothele gaujoni Simon, 1889 g: 399 (Description male). Bolostromus gaujoni Simon, 1903a: 894. Type material. ♁. Ceph. Th. long. 5mm; lat, 4mm. Ecuador mérid.: Amazula. Examined. Label 1. MNHN Paris AR 4247 Bolostromus gaujoni Simon, 1889, Equateur: Loja. Label 2. Holotype Indicatti R.P. det. 2007, collection Simon no 9772. Type designation. One male lectotype, one juvenile paralectotype designated here [AR4247]. Diagnosis. Males of B. gaujoni most resemble B. fauna and B. riveti but are distinguished by one retrolateral apical tibial spine and large metatarsal tubercle (Fig. 34A, arrow), absent in the latter two species (Figs 15C, 20A). Distribution. Only found at the type locality in Loja Province, Ecuador. Note. The jar contained a holotype designation label written by Indicatti R. P. in 2007, but we were unable to find in the literature a formal type designation., Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, 2023, Review of the American genus Bolostromus Ausserer, 1875 with the description of fourteen new species (Araneae, Cyrtaucheniidae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 5317 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5317.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8153783

Bolostromus fonsecai new species Figs 62–64, map. 2 Type material. Holotype male from Ecuador, Napo Province, Bloque 31 Puzo Nashiño (-0.615325 -75.876618) 237.33m, 03.XII.1997, R. Fonseca (QCAZ). Etymology. The specific name is in honor of the memory of René M. Fonseca, an Ecuadorian mammologist who collected the type specimen. Diagnosis. Males resemble B. nischki n. sp. and B. epiphyticus n. sp. but can be distinguished from all species by the combination of the following characters: tibia I with five small spines (Fig. 63D), while B. nischki n. sp. tibia I has two spines (Fig. 45D), and B. epiphyticus n. sp. has numerous larges spines on tibia I (Fig. 42D). Description. Male (holotype): Total length: 10.08; carapace length: 5.03; carapace width: 3.86; carapace height: 2.46; abdomen length: 5.05. CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace elongated hexagonal, margin sinuous; pars cephalica dark brown, rugose; pars thoracica lighter brown, smooth; cephalic groove well defined, pit medially; fovea broad, procurved (Fig. 63A); caput elevated; ocular quadrangle not on mound (Fig. 63C). Clypeus height: 0.3. Sternum 2.81/2.04, dark brown and rugose; posterior sigilla oval, anterior and median sigillae rounded (Fig. 63B). Labium short, reddish-brown without cuspule. Endites reddish-brown with 23 small cuspules; serrula not observed. Chelicerae dark reddish-brown; promargin seven teeth and 15 denticles; rastrellum with 12 spines. EYES: AME: 0.26; ALE: 0.36; PLE: 0.2; PME: 0.13; interdistances: AME: 0.11; AME-ALE: 0.1; PME: 0.62; PME-PLE: touching; LE: 0.11; ocular quadrangle: 1.23/1.19/0.57. ABDOMEN: Oval; dorsally light gray, ventrally beige (Fig. 62A, B). Spinnerets: median: 0.5; lateral: 0.68/0.63/0.88. LEGS: Legs yellow-brown; metatarsi I–II straight with dense, 1/3 apical scopulae; tarsi I–II with dense, full scopulae (Fig. 63D); leg III–IV without scopulae. Coxae II–II without long stiff setae interiorly. Tarsal claw teeth (4-3/6-7) (4/6) (3-3/4-5) (3/4). LEGS MEASUREMENTS: I 16.37 (4.76/2.05/3.75/3.59/2.22); II 13.44 (4.12/1.62/3.15/2.62/1.93); III 10.30 (3.14/1.60/1.64/2.31/1.61); IV 14.98 (4.48/1.56/3.83/3.22/1.89); leg formula: 1423. LEGS SPINATION: (legs missing some spines): femur I–III (0); 11 grouped pro-apical spines; patellae I, II, IV (0); III with 24p, 3d, 2r; tibia I 1-1-2-1v, 1vap, 1r; II 1-1v, 2p; III 4p, 1-1-1-1d, 1v, 2vap, 2r; IV 1-1v, 2vap; metatarsus I (0); II 1-2-1-2, 3vap, 2r, 1p; III 2p, 1- 2-2-1-1-3d; 1-2-1- 2v, 3vap, 1-1-1rap; IV 1d; 1-2-1-1-1v, 4vap, 4p, 2r; tarsus I (0); II 7r; III 4r, 22v; IV 12r, 12p, 23v. GENITALIA: Palp measurements: 3.51/1.51/2.79/0.93; bulb: 0.90/0.45. Palp: femur longer than tibia; tibia straight, two spines prolaterally; cymbium with 10 apical spines (Fig. 64A, B); bulb globose; embolus short, slightly sinuous apically (Fig. 64C–E). Female: Unknown. Distribution. Only known from the type locality in Orellana Province, Ecuador. Natural history. The specimen was collected in Amazonian region, bloque 31. Eventhough the label mentions the Napo Province, bloque 31 is a famous petrol region situated in Yasuní Nation Park in Orellana province., Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, 2023, Review of the American genus Bolostromus Ausserer, 1875 with the description of fourteen new species (Araneae, Cyrtaucheniidae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 5317 (1) on pages 78-81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5317.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8153783

Bolostromus primus new species Figs 53–55, map 2 Type material. Holotype male from Ecuador, Los Ríos Province, Centro Cientifico Rio Palenque (00°54’S 79°00’W) 14 Sept. 1979, T. Devries (QCAZ). Paratypes: from Ecuador, Los Ríos Province, 1J, Centro Cientifico Rio Palenque (00°54’S 79°00’W), II.1980, bosque primario, Sandoval (QCAZ); 1J, 29 Dec. 1980, bosque primario, colleción MAB, UNESCO, S. Sandoval (QCAZ); 1J, CC Rio Palenque (00°54’S 79°00’W) 220m, 2 Feb. 1977, bosque primario, T. Devries (QCAZ); 1J, CC Rio Palenque (00°54’S 79°00’W) 220m, 27 Feb. 1977, bosque primario, T. Devries (QCAZ). Etymology. The specific name is a Latin adjective, meaning primary seeing that the species was collected in a primary forest. Diagnosis. Male most resemble B. losrios n. sp. but are distinguished from all species by the combination of the following characters: carapace rugose, sternum strongly reticulate (Fig. 54A, B) and embolus with sinuous tip (Fig. 55D). Description. Male (holotype): Total length: 3.86; carapace length: 1.92; carapace width: 1.46; carapace height: 0.77; abdomen length: 1.76. CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace hexagonal, wider medially, margin sinuous; pars cephalica dark reddish-orange, rugose; pars thoracica reddish-orange, rugose; cephalic groove well defined, with pit medially; fovea broad, slightly procurved (Fig. 54A); caput slightly elevated (Fig. 54C). Clypeus height: 0.05. Sternum elongated 1.08/0.89, reddish-orange, reticulated; posterior sigilla oval, median and anterior sigillae inconspicuous (Fig. 54B). Labium dark reddish-orange without cuspule. Endites quadrangle; dark reddish-orange without cuspules; serrula not observed. Chelicerae dark reddish; promargin three teeth, denticles not observed; rastrellum with five spines. EYES: AME: 0.12; ALE: 0.13; PME: 0.01; PLE: 0.10; interdistances: AME: 0.03; AME-ALE: 0.08; PME: 0.31; PME-PLE: touching; LE: 0.02; ocular quadrangle: 0.49/0.49/0.20. ABDOMEN: Oval, dorsally dark gray, ventrally light gray (Fig. 53A, B). Spinnerets: median: 0.12; lateral spinnerets: 0.24/0.14/0.20. LEGS: Light orange-brown except for femur I–II darker reddish-orange. Coxae I–II without inner short stiff setae. Metatarsi I with short, apical scopulae (Fig. 54D); metatarsi II without scopula, tarsi I–II with thick complete scopulae (Fig. 54D); III–IV no scopulae. Tarsal claw teeth (1/5) (2/7) (1/0) (1/3). LEGS MEASUREMENTS: I 5.15 (1.50/0.58/1.32/0.97/0.78); II 4.60 (1.37/0.55/1.19/0.79/0.70); III 3.28 (0.99/0.36/0.54/0.78/0.61); IV 5.16 (1.48/0.6 2/1.26/1.10/0.70); leg formula: 4123. LEGS SPINATION: femur I–III (0) IV 2d, with 11 grouped pro-apical spines; patellae I, II, IV (0); III 10p, 2r; tibia I 3v, II 1p, 1-1-1v, 2vap; III 1d, 2p, 1v, 2vap; IV 2vap; metatarsus I 1v, 1vap; II 1-1v, 2vap; III 1-1v, 2vap, 2r, 1-1-1-2d, 1p; IV 1-1v, 2vap; tarsus I-IV (0). GENITALIA: Palp measurements: 0.88/0.41/0.68/0.38; bulb 0.35/0.20. Palpal tibia wider basally; cymbium with four spines apically (Fig. 55A, B); bulb globose; embolus short, apex sinuous (Fig. 55C–E). Female: Unknown. Distribution. Only found at the type locality in Los Ríos Province, Ecuador. Natural history. Specimens were collected in a primary lowland tropical forest., Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, 2023, Review of the American genus Bolostromus Ausserer, 1875 with the description of fourteen new species (Araneae, Cyrtaucheniidae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 5317 (1) on pages 67-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5317.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8153783

Bolostromus busu new species Figs 11, 12, map 1 Type material. Female holotype from Dominican Republic, Mt-Busú, Sierra Martín Gracía, 18N 71W, 1983, G. Flores, A. Gross, E slope, 300–1300m, 25.ii.1983 (MCZ 70781). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality Mt-Busú, Dominican Republic. Diagnosis. Females most resembles B. epiphyticus n. sp. but are distinguished from all species by the combination of the following characters: leg I, with black markings (Fig. 12D) and internal genitalia with elongated spermathecae with internal, elongated lobes (Fig. 12E). Description. Female (holotype): Total length: 13.10; carapace length: 6.54; carapace width: 5.00; carapace height: 2.80; abdomen length: 6.56. CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace almost rectangular but wider medially, margin sinuous; pars cephalica dark reddish-brown; pars thoracica light reddish-brown, smooth; cephalic groove not well defined, without pit medially; fovea broad, procurved (Fig. 12A); caput strongly elevate (Fig. 12C). Clypeus height: 0.18. Sternum elongated 3.55/2.68, dark brown laterally, lighter brown medially and basally, reticulated, posteriorly, smooth; posterior sigillae oval, other sigillae inconspicuous (Fig. 12B). Labium dark reddish-brown without cuspule. Endites quadrangle; dark reddish-brown with 18 cuspules; serrula not observed. Chelicerae dark reddish-brown; promargin seven teeth and 31 denticles; rastrellum with 13 spines. EYES: AME: 0.13; ALE: 0.29; PLE: 0.18; PME: 0.1; interdistances AME-AME: 0.14; AME-ALE: 0.1; PME: 0.65; PME-PLE: 0.45; LE: 0.12; ocular quandangle: 1.15/1.2/0.46. ABDOMEN: Oval, uniformly dark gray dorsally and ventrally (Fig. 11A, B). Spinnerets: median spinnerets: 0.67; lateral spinnerets: 1.3/0.99/1.22. LEGS: Uniformly orange-brown except femur I with black mark apico-retrolaterally and prolaterally; patellae with black longitudinal band retro and prolaterally; tibia and metatarsi with black bands retrolaterally and prolaterally; tarsi uniformly brown; leg II femur with black mark apico-retrolaterally and prolaterally. Coxae I–II without inner short stiff setae. Metatarsi I with thick, almost complete scopulae (Fig. 12D); metatarsi II with apical scopulae; tarsi I–II with thick complete scopulae (Fig 12A); III–IV without scopulae; palpal tarsi with thick apical scopulae. Tarsal claw teeth (6/8) (6/7) (5/5) (4/4). LEGS MEASUREMENTS: I 15.34 (4.83/2.49/3.56/2.70/1.76); II 13.43 (4.23/1.99/3.13/2.46/1.62); III 10.06 (3.36/1.37/1. 65/2.07/1.61); IV 15.73 (4.80/2.12/3.92/3.15/1.74); leg formula: 4123. LEGS SPINATION: femur I–III (0); IV with 7 grouped pro-apical spines; patellae I, II, IV (0); III with 13p, 2r; tibia I, II 1-1-1v, 1vap; III 2-1v, 2vap, 1p, 1d, 1r; IV 2-2v, 2vap, 2r; metatarsus I 1-2-1v, 2vap; II 1-2-2-1v, 3vap; III 2-2v, 2vap, 1p, 1-1-1-2-1-1d, 1r; IV 2r, 1-2- 2-1-2v, 3vap; tarsus I (0); II 3v; III 2-2-2-2-2v; IV 2-2-3-2v, 6r, 13p. GENITALIA: Spermathecae elongated, with elongated, internally positioned lobes (Fig. 12E). Male. Unknown. Distribution. Only found at the type locality in Dominican Republic., Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, 2023, Review of the American genus Bolostromus Ausserer, 1875 with the description of fourteen new species (Araneae, Cyrtaucheniidae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 5317 (1) on pages 18-21, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5317.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8153783

Genus Bolostromus Ausserer, 1875 Type species. Bolostromus venustus Ausserer, 1875. Diagnosis. Bolostromus are distinguished from other American Cyrtaucheniidae (sensus Montes de Oca et al. 2022) as such: eye group rectangular (Figs 2A, 7A) while about three times wider behind in Bolostromoides (see Schiapelli & Gerschmann 1945; pl II); from Acontius by labium subquadrate and presence of serrula (Figs 30D, E), serrula absent and labium longer than wide in the latter (Raven 1985: 126). Description. Total length: male 2.03–14.01, female 4.57–16.06. CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace longer than wide, rectangular to hexagonal; margin sinuous; smooth, rugose or reticulate; pars cephalica elevated (Fig. 2C), pars thoracica flat; cephalic groove shallow to deep, without pit (Fig. 2C) or with pit (Fig. 25C, arrow); fovea strongly procurved to straight (Figs 2A, 7A, 51A). Sternum longer than wide (Fig. 2B), in some species considerably elongated (Fig. 38B) smooth or reticulate; sigillae present, posterior one round to oval, anterior and median one often inconspicuous (Fig. 12B). Labium without cuspule, as long as wide (Fig. 10B), or elongated (Fig. 38B). Endites with cuspules; serrula present (Figs 30D, E). Chelicerae with rastellum of 4–23 spines; chelicerae promarin with 6–7 teeth and groove with small denticles (Figs 30B, C); B. stridulator n. sp. with stridulatory organ (Fig. 60D). EYES: Eight eyes in two rows; PME the smallest; in some males eye region on a small mound (Fig. 60C); ocular quadrangle rectangular, sometimes slightly wider posteriorly (Figs 51A, 57A). LEGS: Tarsi I–II and metatarsi I–II with scopulae dense or thin (Figs 2D, 5D); femur IV with pro-apical spines; patella III with spines; males tibiae I with or without megaspine (Figs 45D, 48D arrow); males metatarsi I sometimes with modified setae (Figs 20A, 23D arrow); tarsal claw bipectinate, with 0–23 teeth; third claw present on all legs (Fig. 31C, D); leg formula 4123 or 1423. ABDOMEN: Oval to elongate; uniformly color or with pattern (Figs 4A, 21A). Natural History. Specimens were collected from 100m in coastal habitat to the Páramo habitat at 3952m. Female were mostly collected within burrows, most male were collected by pitfall traps, malaise traps or hand collected. Composition. Bolostromus busu n. sp., B. devriesi n. sp., B. epiphyticus n. sp., B. fauna (Simon, 1889), B. fonsecai n. sp., B. gaujoni (Simon, 1889), B. holguinensis Rudloff, 1996, B. hubeni n. sp., B. insularis (Simon, 1892), B. laheredia n. sp., B. italoi n. sp., B. losrios n. sp., B. nischki n. sp., B. panamanus (Petrunkevitch, 1925), B. urku n. sp., B. palenque n. sp. B. primus n. sp., B. pristirana n. sp., B. pulchripes (Simon, 1889), B. riveti Simon, 1903, B. stridulator n. sp., B. valdivia n. sp. (female) and B. venustus Ausserer, 1875. Distribution. Cuba, Dominican Republic, St. Vincent, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador. Note. Bolostromus suspectus O. Pickard-Cambridge was described from a juvenile specimen from Uganda and is presumed misplaced (WSC 2023).

Bolostromus insularis (Simon, 1892) Fig. 13, map 1 Phaenothele insularis Simon, 1892 e: 551 (Description female from St-Vincent). Bolostromus insularis Petrunkevitch, 1911: 51. Type material. ♀. Long. 11m. Insula Sancti Vincentii. Examined. Label 1. MNHN Paris AR 4245, Bolostromus insularis Simon, 1891. Saint Vincent et les Grenadines, Ins. St Vincent, Mm Cb. leg. Label 2. Holotype Simon det. Coll. Simon no 14971. Type designation. Syntype [AR4245]. Distribution. St. Vincent. Note. The specimen is a juvenile, Simon does not mention in the original publication how many specimens he examined therefore, the specimen is considered a syntype since other specimens could be found., Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, 2023, Review of the American genus Bolostromus Ausserer, 1875 with the description of fourteen new species (Araneae, Cyrtaucheniidae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 5317 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5317.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8153783, {"references":["Simon, E. (1892) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Tome Premier. Deuxieme Edition. Roret, Paris, 256 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973"]}

Bolostromus devriesi new species Figs 65, 66 map. 2 Type material. Holotype female from Ecuador, Esmeraldas Province, San Miguel de Cayapas, 25.vi.77, DeVries (QCAZ). Etymology. The specific name is in honor of biologist Tjitte de Vries in recognition of his work in ecology, ornithology and collector of the type specimen. Diagnosis. Females most resemble B. busu n. sp. but are distinguished from all species by the combination of the following characters: cephalothorax smooth, with deep pit in cephalic groove (Fig. 66A, C) absent in the latter (Fig. 12C), and internal genitalia with short spermathecae with sub apical constriction (Fig. 66E), whereas spermathecae elongated with internal elongated lobes in B. busu n. sp. (Fig. 12E). Description. Female (holotype): Total length: 7.94; carapace length: 3.65; carapace width: 2.68; carapcae height: 1.71; abdomen length: 4.29. CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace almost rectangular but wider anteriorly, margin sinuous; pars cephalica dark reddish; pars thoracica lighter reddish smooth; cephalic groove well defined, deep pit medially; fovea broad, procurved (Fig. 66A); caput strongly elevated (Fig. 66C). Clypeus height: 0.23. Sternum 2.00/1.44, light orange, darker orange marginally, reticulated; sigillae not observed (Fig. 66B). Labium dark reddish-brown without cuspule; elongated. Endites quadrangle; dark reddish-brown with nine cuspules; serrula not observed. Chelicerae dark reddish-brown; promargin six teeth, denticles not observed; rastrellum with 11 spines. EYES: AME: 0.11; ALE: 0.26; PLE: 0.14; PME: 0.06; interdistances: AME: 0.09; AME-ALE: 0.09; PME: 0.54; PME-PLE: 0.04; LE: 0.06; ocular quadrangle: 0.93/1.01/0.36. ABDOMEN: Oval, uniformly dark gray dorsally and ventrally (Fig. 65A, B). Spinnerets: median: 040, lateral spinnerets: 0.50/0.38/0.53. LEGS: Uniformly light orange, except palpal tarsi, tarsi I–II dark orange-brown. Coxae I–II with inner short stiff setae. Metatarsi I with thick, half scopulae (Fig. 66D); metatarsi II without scopulae; tarsi I with thick complete scopulae (Fig. 66D); tarsi II with half scopulae; III–IV without scopulae; palpal tarsi with thick apical scopulae. Tarsal claw teeth (22/14) (22/12) (3/3) (2/3). LEGS MEASUREMENTS: I 7.32 (2.31/1.07/1.70/1.28/0.96); II 6.58 (2.14/1.11/1.48/1.09/0.76); III 4.58 (1.60/0.86/0.53/0.78/0.81); IV 7.73 (2.20/1.00/2.27/1.47/0.79); leg formula: 4123. LEGS SPINATION: femur I–III (0); IV with 12 grouped pro-apical spines; patellae I, II, IV (0); III with 9 pd, 1r; tibia I, II, IV (0); III 3p, 1d, 1r; metatarsus I 1-1v 2vap; II 1-1v, 3vap; III 2p, 1-1-2-1-2d, 2-2-1v, 2-2v, 3vap; IV 2-2v, 3vap; tarsus I, II (0); III 2-3-3-2v; IV 2-3-3-2v. GENITALIA: Female spermathecae elongated, constricted sub apically with external, small lobes (Fig. 66E). Male: Unknown. Natural History. The female specimen was collected at an estimated 48m. Distribution. Only known from the type locality in Esmeraldas province, Ecuador, Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, 2023, Review of the American genus Bolostromus Ausserer, 1875 with the description of fourteen new species (Araneae, Cyrtaucheniidae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 5317 (1) on page 81, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5317.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8153783

Bolostromus epiphyticus new species Fig. 37–43, map. 2 Type material. Female holotype from Ecuador, Cotopaxi Province, Pristirana Natural Reserve, San Francisco de las Pampas (-00.42414 -78.95719) 1485m, 7 Nov. 2015, N. Dupérré, E.E. Tapia, C. Tapia (QCAZ). Allotype: 1J from Ecuador, Pichincha province, Unión del Toachi (-00.31383 -78. 95441) 880m, 23 Nov. 2013, malaise trap, G. Onore (QCAZ). Paratypes: same data as holotype: 5♀, 7 Nov. 2013 (QCAZ, ZMH-A0001794, A0001802, A0001819); 1♀, August 2013 (ZMH-A0002718); 1♀, August–Sept. 2012 (ZMH-A0001801); 1♀, June–August 2014 (ZMH-A0001804); 1♀, Oct. 2014 (ZMH-A0001814); 1♀, Dec. 2014 (ZMH-A0001800). Pichincha province: 1J, Unión del Toachi (-00.31383 -78. 95441) 880m, 1.XII.2020, hand collected, G. Onore (ZMH-A0019761). Cotopaxi Province, 1♀, San Francisco de las Pampas, Pristirana Natural Reserve (-00.424351 -78.959237) 1521m, 15 May 2021, hand collecting beating epiphytes, Faml. Tapia Caisaguano (ZMH-A0014891); 1♀, 27 Feb. 2021, hand collecting beating epiphytes, Faml. Tapia Caisaguano (ZMH-A0014890). Additional material: ECUADOR: Cotopaxi Province: San Francisco de las Pampas, Pristirana Natural Reserve (-00.42414 -78.95719) 1480m, 4 juv., 24 Nov. 2019, hand collected at base of epiphytes, Faml. Tapia Caisaguano (DTC); 1 juv., May 2014 (ZMH-A001816); 1 juv., 7 Nov. 2015 (ZMH-A001808); Pichincha province: Unión del Toachi (-00.32207 -78.950968) 850m, 3 juv., 1.XII.2020, hand collected, G. Onore (DTC). Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin epiphyticus (epiphytes) and refers to the habitat where female specimens have been collected. Diagnosis. Females most resemble B. busu n. sp. and B. fauna, but are distinguished from most species by the longitudinal black bands on legs I–II (Fig. 40A, B); from the latter species by their elongated spermathecae, with external lobes (Fig. 40C, D), shorter spermathecae with internally positioned lobed in B. busu n. sp. (Fig. 12E) and B. fauna (Fig. 17C). Male most resemble B. nischki n. sp. and B. fonsecai n. sp. but are distinguished from both species by the longitudinal black bands on legs I–II (Fig. 42D); from B. nischki n. sp. by their elongated, straight palpal tibia (Fig. 43A, B), shorter in the latter (Fig. 46A, B); from B. fonsecai n. sp. by their heavily spined tibiae I (Fig. 42D) the latter with only five small spines on tibia I (Fig. 63D). Description. Female (holotype): Total length: 16.06; carapace length: 7.38; carapace width: 5.41; carapace: 4.06; abdomen length: 8.68. CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace almost rectangular but wider anteriorly, margin sinuous; pars cephalica dark reddish-brown, smooth; pars thoracica slightly lighter reddish-brown smooth; cephalic groove well defined, pit present medially; fovea broad, procurved (Fig. 38A); caput strongly elevate (Fig. 38C). Clypeus height: 0.53. Sternum elongated 4.01/2.86, dark brown apico-laterally, lighter brown medio-basally, reticulated; posterior sigillae oval, median and anterior sigillae rounded (Fig. 38B). Labium dark reddish-brown without cuspule, elongated. Endites quadrangle, dark reddish-brown with 23 cuspules; serrula not observed. Chelicerae dark reddish-brown; promargin eight teeth and 17 denticles; rastrellum with 20 spines. EYES: AME: 0.27; ALE: 0.34; PLE: 0.15; PME: 0.12; interdistances: AME: 0.23; AME-ALE: 0.18; PME: 1.04; PME-PLE: 0.1; LE: 0.29; ocular quadrangle: 1.52/1.76/0.66. ABDOMEN: Oval, uniformly dark gray dorsally and ventrally (Fig. 37A, B). Spinnerets: median spinnerets: 0.81; lateral spinnerets: 1.11/0.93/1.1. LEGS: Leg I, femur with black mark apico-retrolaterally and prolaterally; patellae with black longitudinal band prolaterally; tibiae and metatarsi with black band prolaterally and retrolaterally; tarsi uniformly yellow; leg II, femur with black mark apico-retrolaterally and prolaterally; patellae, tibia and metatarsi with diffused black longitudinal band prolaterally; leg III–IV without a pattern, uniformly yellow. Coxae I–II with inner short stiff setae. Metatarsi I, II with thick, half scopulae; tarsi I–II with thick complete scopulae (Fig. 40A); III–IV no scopulae; palpal tarsi with thick apical scopula. Tarsal claw teeth (9/6) (7/6) (4-5/5) (3/4-5). LEGS MEASUREMENTS: I 16.96 (5.06/2.57/3.61/3.33/2.39); II 15.24 (4.55/2.54/ 3.32/2.7/2.13); III 10. 55 (3.19/1.96/1.80/1.97/1.63); IV 16.08 (4.87/2.43/3.80/3.27/1.71); leg formula: 1423. LEGS SPINATION: femur I-III (0); IV with 15 grouped pro-apical spines; patellae I, II, IV (0); III with 10p, 2r; tibia I, IV (0); II 1vap; III 1v, 2vap, 3p, 1d, 1r; metatarsus I 1-1v, 2vap; II 1-1-1-1v, 3vap; III 2p, 2-2-2-2d, 2r, 2-2-1v, 3vap; IV 3r, 2-2-1-2-1-1v, 3vap; tarsus I, II (0); III 14v; IV 12v. GENITALIA: Spermathecae elongated with small (right side) rounded external lobe and elongated, narrow external lobe (left side) (Fig. 40C). Male (allotype): Total length: 8.94; carapace length: 4.48; carapace width: 3.51; carapace height: 2.01; abdomen length: 4.46. CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace elongated hexagonal margin sinuous; pars cephalica dark brown, rugose; pars thoracica lighter brown, rugose; cephalic groove well defined, with pit shallow medially; fovea broad, procurved (Fig. 42A); caput highly elevated; ocular quadrangle on mound (Fig. 42C). Clypeus height: 0.16. Sternum 2.49/1.58, dark brown, lineate, posterior sigillae oval, median and anterior rounded (Fig. 42B). Labium elongated, reddish-brown without cuspule. Endites reddish-brown with nine small, inner cuspules; serrula present. Chelicerae dark reddish-brown; promargin nine teeth and 13 denticles; rastrellum with eight spines. EYES: AME: 0.27; ALE: 0.23; PLE: 0.18; PME: 0.04; interdistances: AME: 0.09; AME-ALE: 0.06; PME: 0.65; PME-PLE: 0.07; LE: 0.12; ocular quadrangle: 1.13/1.10/0.43. ABDOMEN: Oval; dorsally and ventrally dark gray (Fig. 41A, B). Spinnerets: median spinnerets: 0.41; lateral spinnerets: 0.77/0.63/0.84. LEGS: Leg I, femur with black mark apico-retrolaterally and prolaterally; patella with black longitudinal band prolaterally; tibia and metatarsi with black band prolaterally and retrolaterally; tarsi uniformly yellow; leg II, femur with black mark apico-retrolaterally and prolaterally; patellae, tibia and metatarsi with diffused black longitudinal band prolaterally; leg III – IV without a pattern, uniformly yellow. Coxae I – II with short stiff setae interiorly (Fig. 42B, arrow). Tibia I with large curved megaspine (Fig. 42D, arrow); metatarsi I curved with thin, apical scopulae; tarsi I with full scopulae (Fig. 42D); leg II metatarsi with short apical scopulae, tarsi with full scopulae; leg III – IV without scopulae. Tarsal claw teeth (10/8) (9/8) (6/7) (7/7). LEGS MEASUREMENTS: leg I 16.68 (4.52/2.04/3.75/4.04/2.33); II 14.07 (3.97/1.53/3. 33/3.32/1.92); III 9.52 (2.78/1.09/1.70/2.54/1.41); IV 14.20 (3.86/1.28/3.82/3.52/1.72); leg formula: 1423. LEGS SPINATION: femur I– II (0); III 1-1 d; IV 1-1 - 1-1 d, 11 grouped pro-apical spines; patellae I, II, IV (0); III with 8p, 2d, 1r; tibia I 1-1-2-1-1-2v; 2r; 3p; II 1-1 - 1-1 -2-1v; 3vap; 2p; III 2 p, 1d, 1-1v; 2vap; IV 2 vap; metatarsus I 1, 1vap; II 1-1 - 2-1 v, 3vap; III 1 p, 2-2-2d, 2-2v, 3vap; IV 2-1 - 1-2 -1, 3vap; tarsus I, II (0); III 1-1 - 2 v; IV 2-2 - 2-1 - 2v. GENITALIA: Palp measurements: 3.25/1.17/2.78/0.89; bulb: 0.99/0.38. Palp: tibia with diffuse black band retrolaterally; straight; cymbium with seven apical spines apically (Fig. 43A, B); bulb globose; embolus long, slightly sinuous apically (Fig. 43 C–E). Distribution. Ecuador, Cotopaxi and Pichincha Provinces. Natural history. Females specimens were collected by hand, or beating the base of epiphytes from trees at 1485m in a low evergreen mountain forest. Male specimens were hand collected or found in a Malaise trap, 11km away in an evergreen foothill forest between 850– 880m. The match of the two sexes is based on size, coloration (leg I with black longitudinal bands), and the presence of stiff setae of coxae I, II., Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, 2023, Review of the American genus Bolostromus Ausserer, 1875 with the description of fourteen new species (Araneae, Cyrtaucheniidae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 5317 (1) on pages 50-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5317.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8153783

Bolostromus stridulator new species Figs 59–61, map. 2 Type material. Holotype male from Ecuador, Cotopaxi Province, OTONGA Biological Reserve (-00.41433 - 79.00035) 1888m, 24 May–8 June 2014, pitfall trap, E. Tapia, A. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré (QCAZ). Paratype: male, same data as holotype (QCAZ). Etymology. The specific name is a non-Latin noun (invariable), in reference to the stridulatory organ found on the chelicerae. Diagnosis. Males are distinguished from all species by the combination of the following characters: the presence of striduatory keels on the inner side of the chelicerae (Fig. 60D); carapace reticulate (Fig. 60A) and palp with short embolus with tip strongly bent (Fig. 61D). Description. Male (holotype): Total length: 2.03; carapace length: 1.12; carapace width: 0.88; carapace height: 0.43; abdomen length: 0.91. CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace elongated hexagonal, margin sinuous; light yellow-brown; pars cephalica and pars thoracica reticulate; fovea short, slightly procurved, cephalic groove broad and shallow (Fig. 60A); caput elevated, ocular quadrangle on a mound (Fig. 60C). Clypeus 0.04. Sternum 0.68/0.56, yellow, reticulate; sigillae inconspicuous (Fig. 60B). Labium yellow without cuspule. Endites quadrangle, yellow with 1/2 cuspules (right/left side); serrula not observed. Chelicerae light brown; medially with 3–4 reticulated stridulatory keel (Fig. 60D); promargin with two double large teeth, four small teeth and six denticles; rastrellum with five spines. EYES: AME: 0.06; ALE: 0.09; PLE: 0.06; PME: 0.04; interdistances: AME: 0.02; AME-ALE: touching; PME: 0.09; PME-PLE touching; LE touching; ocular quadrangle: 0.26/0.26/0.12. ABDOMEN: Oval; light gray witha meshy pattern; ventrally uniformly beige (Fig. 59A, B). Spinnerets: median spinnerets: 0.10; lateral spinnerets: 0.20/0.15/0.17. LEGS: Light yellow-brown; metatarsi I–II with thin apical scopulae (Fig. 60E); tarsi I–II with complete scopulae (Fig. 60E); legs III–IV without scopulae. Coxae I–II without inner short stiff setae. Tarsal claws (2/4) (2/1) (0/0) (0/0). LEGS MEASUREMENTS: leg I 3.37 (1.01/0.45/0.79/0.58/0.54); II 2.88 (0.81/0.42/ 0.66/0.49/0.50); III 2.10 (0.62/0.27/0.34/0.41/0.46); IV 3.32 (0.95/0.45/0.79/0.64/0.49); leg formula: 1423. LEGS SPINATION: femur I (0) II–IV 1d; femur IV with 6 grouped pro-apical spines; patellae I, II, IV (0); III with 5p; tibia I 1-1v; II 1-1v; III 1d, 2vap; IV 1-1v, 2vap; metatarsus I (0); II 1-1v; III 1p, 1-2d, 1vap, 1r; IV 1-1v, 2vap; tarsus I-IV (0). GENITALIA: Palp measurements: 0.49/0.24/0.42/0.25/; bulb: 0.25/0.13. Palp: fermur slightly longer than tibia, palpal tibia wider basally; palpal cymbium with three apical spines (Fig. 61A, B); bulb elongated; embolus tip strongly bent (Fig. 61C–E). Female: Unknown. Distribution. Only known from the type locality in Cotopaxi Province, Ecuador. Natural history. The only two males were collected by pitfall at 1888m in a evergreen foothill forest of the Ecuadorian Chocó region., Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, 2023, Review of the American genus Bolostromus Ausserer, 1875 with the description of fourteen new species (Araneae, Cyrtaucheniidae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 5317 (1) on pages 74-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5317.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8153783

Bolostromus venustus Ausserer, 1875 Fig. 18, map 1 Bolostromus venustus Ausserer, 1875: 150, pl. 5, f. 10–12 (Description female). Bolostromus venustus Simon, 1892 a: 100, f. 101 (Description male). Type material. Länge des ganzen Thieres …..6 . 4. St. Fé de Bogota. (BMNH) Examined by photo. Diagnosis. (based on the illustration provided by Indicatti 2007: 20-A–E). Females are distinguished from all species by their elongated spermathecae with small, curved internally positioned lobes. Distribution. Only known from Colombia. Note. The type specimen is in bad condition, neither the opisthosoma nor the genitalia could be found in the vial (Sherwood pers. comm). Only a few details can be observed from the pictures, the AME are widely separated, the rastrellum has six spines and the cheliceral retromargin has six teeth. Simon (1892) described the male from an unknown locality with only an illustration of the eye pattern and a brief description of the tibia and metatarsi. In 1997, Indicatti stated that the specimen BMNH 300 was examined from photos and the genitalia was illustrated by J.P.L. Guadanucci and C.A. Rheims. Indicatti redescribed the species, based on a female and a male from the AMNH, from the Bogotá region. Consequently, his descriptions are the most reliable information to identify the species (Indicatti 1997: 51). MAP 1. Distribution map of Bolostromus in Central America and Northern South America. Bolostromus laheredia n. sp. (turquoise circle), B. panamanus (Petrunkevitch, 1925) (blue star), B. holguinensis Rudloff, 1996 (green star), B. busu n. sp. (red circle), B. insularis (Simon, 1892) (pink star), B. pulchripes (Simon, 1889) (red star), B. fauna (Simon, 1889) (black star), Bolostromus venustus Ausserer, 1875 (orange star)., Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, 2023, Review of the American genus Bolostromus Ausserer, 1875 with the description of fourteen new species (Araneae, Cyrtaucheniidae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 5317 (1) on pages 23-28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5317.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8153783, {"references":["Ausserer, A. (1875) Zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Arachniden-Familie der Territelariae Thorell (Mygalidae Autor). Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 25, 125 - 206.","Simon, E. (1892) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Tome Premier. Deuxieme Edition. Roret, Paris, 256 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973"]}

Bolostromus valdivia new species Figs 67, 68, map. 2 Type material. Holotype from Ecuador, Manabí Province, Sancan 4km via Puerta al Cielo (-1.273246 -80.605045) 307m, 10.x.2021, hand collected under dead wood an rocks in dry area, E. Tapia, N. Dupérré, A. Tapia, ECFN 8037 (QCAZ). Etymology. The specific name is from the Valdivia culture, one of the oldest settled cultures recorded in the Americas found in the region where the species was collected. Diagnosis. Females resemble B. hubeni n. sp. in coloration but are distinguished from all species by the combination of the following characters: carapace and abdomen with strong coloration pattern (Fig. 67A, B) and internal genitalia with straight elongated spermathecae with small rounded lobes (Fig. 68B), while B. hubeni n. sp. carapace without a pattern (Fig. 28A) and internal genitalia curved (Fig. 29A). Description. Female (holotype): Total length: 12.49; carapace length: 5.51; carapace width: 4.46; carapace height: 3.19; abdomen length: 6.98. CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace almost rectangular but wider anteriorly, margin sinuous; pars cephalica dark reddish-black, medially with two reddish bands, smooth; pars thoracica light brown smooth; cephalic groove shallow, without pit; fovea broad, procurved (Fig. 67B); caput strongly elevate (Fig. 68A). Clypeus height: 0.17. Sternum elongated 3.17/2.34; dark brown laterally, lighter brown medially and basally, reticulate; all sigillae oval, orange-brown (Fig. 67C). Labium dark reddish-brown without cuspule. Endites quadrangle, dark reddish-brown with 16 cuspules; serrula not observed. Chelicerae dark reddish-brown; promargin seven teeth and 28 denticles; rastrellum with 14 spines. EYES: AME: 0.17; ALE: 0.28; PME: 0.13; PLE: 0.20; interdistances:AME:0.15;AME-ALE:0.13; PME:0.52; PME-PLE:0.06; LE:0.09; ocular quadrangle:1.04/1.12/0.5. ABDOMEN: Oval, dorsally dark with five double, triangular beige patches and one central, triangular beige patch posteriorly, ventrally light gray (Fig. 67A). Spinnerets: median: 0.86; lateral: 1.15/0.79/1.09. LEGS: Light brown, tarsi darker. Coxae I–II with inner short stiff setae (Fig. 67C). Metatarsi II without scopulae; tarsi II with scopulae; III–IV without scopulae; palp missing. Tarsal claw teeth (4/5) (3/3) (3/4). LEGS MEASUREMENTS: I missing; II 10.93 (3.60/1.64/2.67/2.01/1.01); III 8.11 (2.67/1.44/1.35/1.60/1.05); IV 13.73 (4.27/1.62/3.61/2.91/1.32). Leg formula: -423. LEGS SPINATION: femur II 1d, III (0); IV with 17 grouped pro-apical spines; patellae I, II, IV (0); III with 9pd, 2r; tibia; II 1-1v, 1vap; III 3p, 1d, 2r, 2-1v, 3vap IV 2r, 2-2-2v; metatarsus II 2-3v, 2vap; III 2p, 1-1-2-3d, 1r, 2-2v, 3vap; IV 2r, 1-1-2-2-1v, 3vap; tarsus II 1v; III 3p, 2r, 2-2-1v; IV 8p, 3r, 2-2-2-2v. GENITALIA: Spermathecae elongated, straight with small rounded lobes sub-apically (Fig. 68B). Male: Unknown. Distribution. Only found at the type locality in Manabí province, Ecuador. Natural History. The only specimen was collected in a dry coastal forest at 307m.

Bolostromus riveti Simon, 1903 Figs 19–23, map 2 Bolostromus riveti Simon, 1903 j: 314 (Description male). Bolostromus riveti Berland, 1913b: 81, pl. 7, f. 1–2 (re-illustration of the male type). Type material. ♁ long. 12–14 mill. Ecuador: Riobamba. Examined. Label 1. Museum Paris AR 4242, 694 Bolostromus riveti E.S., Ec. Riobamba (Rivet). Additional material. ECUADOR: Pichincha Province: Quito, Lirios de Carcelen (0° 05’ 06.68’’ -78° 27’ 27.26’’) 2595m, 6 March 2017, 1 ♁, hand collecting, sifting litter, E.E. Tapia, A. Tapia, I. Tapia (QCAZ). Type designation. One male lectotype designated here [AR4242]. Diagnosis. Males are distinguished from all species by their dorsal abdominal pattern (Figs 19A, 21A), leg I with two retro-apical tibial megaspines, and a group of short modified setae on metatarsi I (Figs 20A, 22A, arrows). Description. Male (Quito): Total length: 7.69; carapace length: 3.93; carapace width: 3.11; carapace height: 1.94; abdomen length: 3.76. CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace almost rectangular slightly wider anterio-medially, margin sinuous; pars cephalica dark reddish-brown; pars thoracica light brown, reticulate; cephalic groove defined, with shallow pit medially; fovea broad, procurved (Fig. 22A); caput elevated (Fig. 22C). Clypeus height: 0.15. Sternum 2.04/1.46, yellow-orange, reticulate; posterior sigillae small oval, other sigillae inconspicuous (Fig. 22B). Labium orange without cuspule. Endites quadrangle; yellow with 12 cuspules; serrula not observed. Chelicerae dark reddish-brown; promargin seven teeth and 28 denticles; rastrellum with nine spines. EYES: AME: 0.12; ALE: 0.20; PLE: 0.1; PME: 0.09; interdistances:AME: 0.11; AME-ALE: 0.09; PME: 0.32; PME-PLE: 0.08; LE: 0.09; ocular quadrangle: 0.75/0.78/0.32. ABDOMEN: Oval, dorsally white with black zigzag median band and two zigzag lateral bands, ventrally dark gray (Fig. 21A, B). Spinnerets: median spinnerets: 0.4; lateral spinnerets: 0.75/0.42/0.41. LEGS: Uniformly yellow-orange. Metatarsi I curved with thin apical scopulae and 18 modified setae (Fig. 22D); metatarsi II without scopulae; tarsi I–II with thin apical scopulae; III–IV without scopulae. Tarsal claw teeth (5/8) (4/7) (7/5) (5/5). LEGS MEASUREMENTS: I 12.79 (3.40/1.70/2.94/2.75/2.00); II 10.61 (3.00/1.59/2.33/2.14/1.55); III 8.21 (2.06/1.13/1.29/2.21/1.52); IV 11.77 (3.31/1.13/2.79/2.73/1.84); leg formula: 1423. LEGS SPINATION: femur I 3d; II 4d; III 2d; IV 2d, with 13 grouped pro-apical spines; patellae I 2v, II, IV (0); III 15p, 2r; tibia I 2-2-1v, 2p and 2 megaspines; II 1-1-1-1v, 2vap; III 2d, 1r, 1p, 2-2v, 3vap; IV 2-2v, 3vap, 3r; metatarsus I 1v, 1vap; II 1-2-1-1-2-1v, 3vap; III 1-1-1-1-3d, 1r, 2-2v, 3vap; IV 1-1d, 1r, 2-2-2v, 3vap; tarsus I (0); II 5r; III 5p, 4r; IV 6p, 3r. GENITALIA: Palp measurements: 1.85/0.82/1.69/0.77; bulb: 0.94 /0.39. Femur longer than tibia; cymbium with seven apical setae (Fig. 23 A, B); bulb wide; embolus tip long and sinuous (Fig. 23C–E). Female. Unknown. Distribution. Ecuador, Pichincha and Chimborazo Provinces. Natural History. The species was collected at two different localities in the Andes, between 2595–2800m. The two males were collected about 180km apart, and the male from Lirios de Carcelen was collected in a dry urban area., Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, 2023, Review of the American genus Bolostromus Ausserer, 1875 with the description of fourteen new species (Araneae, Cyrtaucheniidae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 5317 (1) on pages 28-34, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5317.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8153783

Bolostromus nischki new species Fig. 44–46, map 2 Type material. Male holotype from Ecuador Cotopaxi Province, OTONGA Biological Reserve (-00.41433 - 79.00035) 1888m, 16 Aug.–5 Sept. 2014, pitfall trap, E.E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (QCAZ). Paratypes: Same data as holotype, 1J, 24 May–8 June 2014 (ZMH-A0016063); 1J, 5–19 Sept. 2014 (MCZ); OTONGA Biological Reserve, Rio Esmeraldas (-00.41941 -78.6607) 1717m, 24 May–8 June 2014, 4J, pitfall trap, E.E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (QCAZ); OTONGA Biological Reserve, (-00.41994 -79.00623) 1997m, 21 June–02 July 2014, 2J, pitfall trap, E.E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (ZIMG); OTONGA Biological Reserve (-00.41564 -79.00452) 2105m, 24 May–8 June 2014, 1J, pitfall trap, E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (ZMH-A0016064); OTONGA Biological Reserve (-00.42261 -79.51070) 2225m, 8–21 June 2014, pitfall trap, 3 J, E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (ZMH-A0019762); 24 May–08 June 2014, pitfall trap, 3 J, E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (QCAZ); 16 Aug.–5 Sept. 2014, pitfall trap, 1 J, E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (MCZ); 19 Sept.–2 Oct. 2014, pitfall trap, 3 J, E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (AMNH); 3 Aug.–16 aug. 2015, pitfall trap, 1 J, E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (QCAZ). Additional material. ECUADOR: Los Rio Province: C.C. Rio Palenque, 00’ 54’’ S, 79’ 00’’W, 0M, 30. Aug. 1977, 3J, S. Sandoval (QCAZ); C.C. Rio Palenque, coleccion MAB, UNESCO, 9J, S. Sandoval (QCAZ); C.C. Rio Palenque, 00’ 54’’ S, 79’ 00’’W, 0M, 30. Aug. 1977, 220m, 1J, S. Sandoval (QCAZ); C.C. Rio Palenque, 00’ 54’’ S, 79’ 00’’W, 2. Feb. 1977, 220m, bosque primario, 3J, T. DeVries (QCAZ); C.C. Rio Palenque, 00’ 54’’ S, 79’ 00’’W, 4. Mar. 1979, 220m, bosque secundario, 1J, T. DeVries (QCAZ); C.C. Rio Palenque, 00’ 54’’ S, 79’ 00’’W, 23. Nov. 1980, 220m, palma abierta, 2J, T. DeVries (QCAZ); C.C. Rio Palenque, 13.Sept.1979, ex. palma, 1J, T. S. Sandoval (QCAZ); Los Ríos, CCRP: 19.ix.79, 3J, S. Sandoval (QCAZ); Los Ríos, CCRP: 15.ix.79, 3J, T. DeVries (QCAZ); Los Ríos, CCRP: 12.ix.79, 1J, S. Sandoval (QCAZ). Etymology. The specific name is in honor of Frank Nischk, German entomologist lover of the OTONGA cloud forest, in recognition of his wonderful nature documentaries. Diagnosis. Males most resemble B. fonsecai n. sp. but are distinguished from all species by the combination of the following characters: heavily granulated carapace, with a deep pit in cephalic grove (Fig. 45C, arrow), and a short embolus (Fig. 46C), from B. fonsecai n. sp. by their short embolus and presence of two spines on metatarsi I (Fig. 45D), while the latter has longer embolus (Fig. 64C) and no spines on metatarsi I (Fig. 63D) Description. Male (holotype): Total length: 5.33; carapace length: 2.79; carapace width: 1.97; carapace height: 1.55; abdomen length: 2.54. CEPHALOTHORAX: Carapace elongated hexagonal margin sinuous; pars cephalica dark brown, rugose; pars thoracica lighter brown, rugose; cephalic groove well defined, with pit medially; fovea broad, procurved (Fig. 45A); caput highly elevated (Fig. 45C). Clypeus height: 0.25. Chelicerae dark reddish-brown; promargin seven teeth and 16 denticles; rastrellum with 10 spines. Sternum 1.60 /1.35, dark reddish-brown, reticulate; all sigillae small, brown (Fig. 45B). Labium reddish-brown without cuspule. Endites reddish-brown with nine inner hidden cuspules; serrula present (observed on paratype). EYES: AME: 0.19; ALE: 0.26; PLE: 0.16; PME: 0.08; interdistances: AME: 0.06; AME-ALE: 0.04; PME: 0.43; PME-PLE: 0.05; LE: 0.05; ocular quadrangle: 0.75/0.77/0.30. ABDOMEN: oval; dorsally light gray, ventrally beige (Fig. 44A, B). Spinnerets: median spinnerets: 0.26; lateral spinnerets: 0.41/0.26/0.26. LEGS: Leg I: femur, patellae and tibiae dark orange-brown, metatarsi and tarsi orange; leg II femur orange-brown, patellae to tarsi orange; leg III–IV without pattern, uniformly orange. Metatarsi I–II with apical short scopulae; tarsi I–II with scopulae (Fig. 45D); leg III–IV without scopulae. Coxae I–II without inner short stiff setae.Tarsal claw teeth (5/6-7) (5/6) (3-4/4-5) (5/4-5). LEGS MEASUREMENTS: I 7.07 (2.11/0.76 /1.72/1.46/1.02); II 7.04 (2.09/0.66/1.71/1.56/1.02); III 5.32 (1.56/0.56/0.95/1.32/0.93); IV 8.06 (2.45/0.77/2.06/1.6 4/1.14); leg formula: 4123. LEGS SPINATION: femur I(0); II 1d; III 1d, IV 1d, with 10 grouped pro-apical spines; patella I, II, IV (0); III with 10p, 1r; tibia I 1-1-1v; II 1-1-1v, 1vap; III 1p, 1v, 3vap, 1d, 1r; IV 1-1v, 2vap; metatarsus I 1v, 1vap; II 1-1v, 2vap; III 1-1, 1-1-1-2d, 1r, 1-1v, 2vap; IV 1p, 1-2v, 3vap; tarsus I, II (0); III 3r, 2p; IV 5r, 6p. GENITALIA: Palp measurements: 1.49/0.51/1.13/0.55; bulb: 0.53/0.23. Palpal tibia wide basally; palpal cymbium with five apical spines (Fig. 46A, B); bulb globose; embolus short, slightly sinuous apically (Fig. 46C–E). Female: Unknown. Distribution. Ecuador, Cotopaxi and Los Ríos Provinces. Natural history. Males were collected at 200m in Los Ríos Province and from 1717m up to 2225m in Cotopaxi Province. The species inhabit the Chocó region of Ecuador and was found in evergreen foothill forest up to the cloud forest., Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, 2023, Review of the American genus Bolostromus Ausserer, 1875 with the description of fourteen new species (Araneae, Cyrtaucheniidae), pp. 1-88 in Zootaxa 5317 (1) on pages 56-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5317.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8153783

Genus Masteria L. Koch, 1873 Type species. Masteria hirsuta L. Koch, 1873 Diagnosis. See Passanha & Brescovit 2018: 8. Composition. For complete list of species see WSC 2021. M. chalupas n. sp., M. jatunsacha n. sp., M. lasdamas n. sp., M. machay n. sp., M. otongachi n. sp., M. papallacta n. sp., M. pasochoa n. sp. Distribution in the Americas. Costa Rica, Panama, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Martinique, Dominican Republic, St. Vincent, Jamaica, Trinidad, Tobago, Venezuela, Guyana, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil and Peru., Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, Tapia, Elicio, Quandt, Dietmar, Crespo-Pérez, Verónica & Harms, Danilo, 2021, From the lowlands to the highlands of Ecuador, a study of the genus Masteria (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Dipluridae) with description of seven new species, pp. 538-568 in Zootaxa 5005 (4) on pages 539-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5005.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5142039, {"references":["Koch, L. (1873) In: Die Arachniden Australiens, nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg, pp. 369 - 472, pls. 28 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 121660","Passanha, V. & Brescovit, A. D. (2018) On the Neotropical spider subfamily Masteriinae (Araneae, Dipluridae). Zootaxa, 4463 (1), 1 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4463.1.1"]}

Masteria hirsuta L. Koch, 1873 Figs 1A���C, 20A. Masteria hirsuta L. Koch, 1873: 458, pl. 35, f. 5 (Description female from Ovalau). Masteria hirsuta Simon, 1892a: 190, f. 131. Masteria hirsuta Roewer, 1963a: 109, f. 2a���d (Description male from Ponape). Masteria hirsuta Raven, 1979: 627, f. 5���7. (Illustration of holotype female). Masteria hirsuta Passanha & Brescovit, 2018: 13, f. 3B, 6A, 7A���B (Illustration female from Ponape, images of male from Ponape per Roewer). Type material. Ein Exemplar im Museum Godeffroy. Von Ovalau. (Koch 1873: 458). Holotype female in Zoologisches Museum Hamburg (ZMH-A0003083). Examined. Diagnosis. Masteria hirsuta is distinguished from all species by the combination of the following characters: six eyes with strongly recurved posterior row (Figs 1A, 20A), internal genitalia with unilobed spermathecae, spermathecae bases wide and short, oval ectal lobe (EcL) situated externally on spermathecae bases (Fig. 1C). Description. Female (holotype): Total length: 5.40; carapace length: 2.64; carapace width: 2.18; abdomen length: 2.76. Carapace yellow-orange (Fig. 1A). Chelicerae yellow; promargin with 12 teeth and ~15 smaller mesobasal teeth. Endites whitish without cuspules. Labium whitish without cuspules. Sternum whitish, covered with long setae (Fig. 1B). Eyes: six eyes grouped; AME absent; ALE and PLE almost equal; PME rounded: posterior row strongly recurved (Fig. 20A). Abdomen elongated, uniformly beige covered with long setae (Fig. 1A). Spinnerets: PLS 2.66 (0.91/0.88/0.87). Legs coloration uniformly pale yellow. Leg measurements: I, femur, 2.26; II, missing; III, femur 1.5; IV, femur 2.7, patella 1.07 and tibia 1.9. Leg spination: legs damaged. Palpal claw with ~ 21 teeth. Genitalia: Unilobed spermathecae with large, oval ectal lobes (EcL) situated externally on spermathecae bases; spermathecae bases wide and short; glandular region wide, with glands large and widely interspaced (Fig. 1C). Note. The type species of the genus Masteria hirsuta was described by L. Koch in 1873, based on a female specimen from Ovalau (Fiji Islands). Roewer (1963) described the male based on a specimen from Pohnpei (or Ponape) in Micronesia and examined several juvenile females from Marina Islands (Tinian), Palau (Babelthuap, Koror, Peleliu), Chuuk (or Truk), Kosrae Is. (or Kusaie) next to adult females specimens from Yap and the Marshall Island (Eniwetok). Roewer concluded that all the specimens he examined represented a single widespread species in Micronesia, even though the type came from Ovalau, about 1000km away. The internal genitalia of the female holotype (and type species of the genus) is illustrated here for the first time (Fig. 1C). The internal genitalia of the female holotype differ from the illustration given for a specimen identified as M. hirsuta by Passanha & Brescovit 2018 from Ponape (see Passanha & Brescovit 2018: fig. 6A). The differences observed are as such: the spermathecae bases are much shorter and broader in the type specimen and the ectal lobes are situated externally on the spermathecae bases while in M. hirsuta from Ponape the spermathecae bases are long and thin and the ectal lobes are situated medially on the spermathecae bases. The female internal genitalia of Masteria are fragile, the differences observed could be due to distortion, variation, or just a different angle of illustration. At this point, a re-examination of fresh specimens from Ovalau, and Ponape is necessary in order to conclude if these specimens belong to the same or represent separate species. Bearing in mind the high diversity of the genus (WSC 2021), it would not be surprising that the species from Ovalau and Ponape are two different species and under these circumstances the male described by Roewer (1963) would not be male of M. hirsuta. Interestingly, Raven (1979) redescribed the species based on the type specimen and illustrated the carapace but the information was overlooked in the World Spider Catalog (2021)., Published as part of Dup��rr��, Nadine, Tapia, Elicio, Quandt, Dietmar, Crespo-P��rez, Ver��nica & Harms, Danilo, 2021, From the lowlands to the highlands of Ecuador, a study of the genus Masteria (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Dipluridae) with description of seven new species, pp. 538-568 in Zootaxa 5005 (4) on page 540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5005.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5142039, {"references":["Koch, L. (1873) In: Die Arachniden Australiens, nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg, pp. 369 - 472, pls. 28 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 121660","Simon, E. (1892 a) Histoire naturelle des araignees. Deuxieme edition, tome premier. Roret, Paris, 256 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973","Roewer, C. F. (1963 a) Araneina: Orthognatha, Labidognatha. Insects of Micronesia, 3 (4), 105 - 132.","Raven, R. J. (1979) Systematics of the mygalomorph spider genus Masteria (Masteriinae: Dipluridae: Arachnida). Australian Journal of Zoology, 27 (4), 623 - 636. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9790623","Passanha, V. & Brescovit, A. D. (2018) On the Neotropical spider subfamily Masteriinae (Araneae, Dipluridae). Zootaxa, 4463 (1), 1 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4463.1.1","World Spider Catalog (2021) World Spider Catalog. Version 22.0. Natural History Museum Bern, Bern. Available from: http // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 2 January 2021)"]}

Masteria otongachi Dupérré & Tapia, new species Figs 18A, B, 19A–D, 21B, 23C, map 1. Type material. Male holotype from Ecuador, Cotopaxi, La Union del Toachi, Otongachi Natural Reserve (- 00.330510 -78.934420) 25 Feb. 2020, 1087m, pitfall, N. Dupérré, E.E. Tapia, I.G. Tapia (QCAZ). Paratypes: Ecuador: Cotopaxi Province: La Union del Toachi, Otongachi Natural Reserve (-00.330510 -78.934420) 18 Feb. 2020, 1087m, pitfall, N. Dupérré, E.E. Tapia, I.G. Tapia (QCAZ). OTONGA Biological Reserve, Rio Esmeraldas (-00.41941 -78.99607) 1717m, 24 May-8 June 2014, 1♂, E.E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (ZMH-A0015057); 5-19 Sept. 2014, 1♂, pitfall trap, E.E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (QCAZ); (-00.41433 -79.00035) 1888m, 3- 16 Aug. 2014, 1♂, pitfall trap, E.E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (ZMH-A0015055); 5-19 Sept. 2014, 1♂, pitfall trap, E.E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (QCAZ); 19 Sept.–2 Oct. 2014, 1♂, pitfall trap, E.E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (QCAZ); 25 Nov.–8 Dec. 2014, 1♂, pitfall trap, E.E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (QCAZ); (-00.41994 -79.99623) 1997m, 21 June–2 July 2014, 1♂ (QCAZ), 5–19 Sept. 2014, 1♂, pitfall trap, E.E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (ZMH-A0015056); (-00.41564 -79.00452) 2105m, 16 Aug.–5 Sept. 2014, 1♂, pitfall trap, E.E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (ZMH-A0015058); (-00.42180 -79.01325) 2225m, 16 Aug.–5 Sept. 2014, 1♂, pitfall trap, E.E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (QCAZ). Other material examined. Cotopaxi Province: OTONGA Biological Reserve, Rio Esmeraldas (-00.41941 -78.99607) 1717m, 25 Nov.–8 Dec. 2014, 2♂, pitfall trap, E.E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (DTC); (-00.41994 -79.99623) 1997m, 25 Nov.–8 Dec. 2014, 1♂, pitfall trap, E.E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (QCAZ). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality Otongachi Natural Reserve. Diagnosis. Males most resemble M. lasdamas n. sp., but can be distinguished by their much larger size (4.41 vs. 2.69); prolateral process of leg I, P1 well sclerotized and triangular (Fig. 23 C) whilst P1 inconspicuous in M. lasdamas n. sp. (Fig. 23B). Description. Male (holotype): Total length: 4.41; carapace length: 2.02; carapace width: 1.57; abdomen length: 2.39. Carapace light brown with reticulation in the cephalic groove and pars thoracica, covered with long setae (Fig. 18A). Chelicerae yellow; promargin with 11 teeth and ~15 smaller mesobasal teeth. Endites yellow without cuspules. Labium yellow without cuspules. Sternum yellow (Fig. 18B). Eyes: six eyes grouped; AME absent, ALE the largest; PLE oval; PME the smallest, oval; posterior row recurved (Fig. 21B). Abdomen elongated, whitish-gray covered with long setae (Fig. 18A). Spinnerets: PLS 1.78 (0.54/0.59/0.65). Leg formula 4123; leg measurements: I 6.56 (1.77/0.85/1.63/1.22/1.09); II 5.03 (1.39/0.67/1.13/1.00/0.84); III 4.20 (1.05/0.53/0.97/0.89/0.76); IV 6.72 (1.78/0.81/1.51/1.55/1.07). Leg spination: I: d1-1-1; tibiae v1-1, p1; metatarsus v1; II: femur d1-1-1-1; patella v2; tibia v1-1-1ap, p1; metatarsus v1-1, p1; III: femur d1-1-1; patella d1, r1-1; tibia d1-2, v2-1-1, p2-2, r2-2; metatarsus d1-1-2, v1-2ap, p1, r1-1; IV: femur d1-1-1; patella d1, p1; tibia d1-1-1, v1-1-1-2ap, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus d1, v1-1-1, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Tibia I: P1 triangular; P2 with an apical strong spine; P3 with two apical spines (Fig. 23C). Metatarsus I with large rounded basal spine (Fig. 23C). Palp: palpal tibia 2x size of cymbium, 4x longer than wide (Fig. 19A, B); cymbium 2x longer than wide, with four apical spines; palpal bulb elongated-oval, embolus short, sinuous, bent apically (Fig. 19C). Female: unknown. Distribution. Ecuador: found at two localities in the Cotopaxi Province. Natural History. Specimens were collected between 1290–2225m in evergreen foothill (Guevara & Morales 2013) to montane forest (incl. cloud forest) of the occidental Andean mountain range (Aguirre et al. 2013). MAP. 1. Distribution map of all new species of Masteria from Ecuador described herein., Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, Tapia, Elicio, Quandt, Dietmar, Crespo-Pérez, Verónica & Harms, Danilo, 2021, From the lowlands to the highlands of Ecuador, a study of the genus Masteria (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Dipluridae) with description of seven new species, pp. 538-568 in Zootaxa 5005 (4) on pages 560-567, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5005.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5142039, {"references":["Guevara, J. & Morales, C. (2013) Region Andes. In: Galeas, R., Guevara, J. E., Medina-Torres, B., Chinchero, M. A. & Herrera, X. (Eds.), Sistema de Clasificacion de Ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, Quito, pp. 83 - 84.","Aguirre, Z., Toasa, G. & Galvez, J. (2013) Region Andes. In: Galeas, R., Guevara, J. E., Medina-Torres, B., Chinchero, M. A. & Herrera, X. (Eds.), Sistema de Clasificacion de Ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, Quito, pp. 88 - 90.","Koch, L. (1873) In: Die Arachniden Australiens, nach der Natur beschrieben und abgebildet Bauer & Raspe, Nurnberg, pp. 369 - 472, pls. 28 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 121660"]}

Masteria lasdamas Dupérré & Tapia, new species Figs 16A, B, 17A–D, 21A, 23B, map 1. Type material. Male holotype from Santo Domingo de los Tsachilás, OTONGA Biological Reserve, Las Damas (-00.39506 -78.98100) 1290m, 05–16 August 2014, pitfall trap, E. Tapia, I. Tapia, N. Dupérré (QCAZ). Paratypes: same locality as holotype: 1♂, 12–23 July 2014, pitfall trap, E.E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (ZMH-A0015054); 1♂, 28 June–12 July 2014, pitfall trap, E.E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (QCAZ); 1♂, 23 Jul.–5 Aug. 2014, pitfall trap, E. Tapia, C. Tapia & N. Dupérré (QCAZ). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality Las Damas in the OTONGA Biological Reserve. Diagnosis. Male most resemble M. otongachi n. sp. but can be distinguished by their much smaller size (2.69 vs. 4.41); prolateral process of leg I, P1 inconspicuous (Fig. 23B) vs. P1 well sclerotized and triangular in M. otongachi n. sp. (Fig. 23 C). Description. Male (holotype): Total length: 2.69; carapace length: 1.32; carapace width: 1.01; abdomen length: 1.37. Carapace light brown; pars thoracica with long setae (Fig. 16A). Chelicerae yellow; promargin with 10 teeth and ~15 smaller mesobasal teeth. Endites yellow without cuspules. Labium yellow without cuspules. Sternum yellow (Fig. 16B). Eyes: six eyes grouped; AME absent, ALE the largest; PLE oval; PME small, rounded; posterior eye row recurved (Figs 16A, 21A). Abdomen elongated, whitish-gray, covered with long setae (Fig. 16A). Spinnerets: missing. Leg formula 4123; leg measurements: I 4.59 (1.17/0.60/1.09/0.93/0.80); II 3.53 (0.95/0.45/0.74 /0.71/0.68); III 2.32 (0.92/0.41/0.68/0.68/0.53); IV 4.44 (1.23/0.41/0.99/1.09/0.72). Leg spination: I: d1-1-1-1-; tibiae v1; II: femur d1-1-1; tibia v1-1, p1; metatarsus v1-1, p1; III: femur d1-1-1-1; patella d1, p1; tibia d1, v1-1-2, p2-2, r2-2; metatarsus d1-2, v1-2ap, p1, r1-1; IV: femur d1-1-1; patella p1; tibia d1-1-1, v1-1-1ap, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, metatarsus d1, v1-1, p1-1, r1-1. Tibia I: P1 inconspicuous; P2 with an apical strong spine; P3 with a with two apical spines, one slightly curved apically (Fig. 23B). Metatarsus I with rounded basal spine (Fig. 23B). Palp: palpal tibia 2x the size of cymbium, 3.5x longer than wide (Fig. 17A); cymbium 2.5x longer than wide, with four apical spines (Fig. 17A, B); palpal bulb elongated-oval, embolus short, straight with bend tip (Fig. 17C). Female: unknown. Distribution. Ecuador: only found at the type locality. Natural History. Specimens were collected by pitfall trap at 1290m in an evergreen foothill forest of the occidental Andean mountain range (Guevara & Morales 2013)., Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, Tapia, Elicio, Quandt, Dietmar, Crespo-Pérez, Verónica & Harms, Danilo, 2021, From the lowlands to the highlands of Ecuador, a study of the genus Masteria (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Dipluridae) with description of seven new species, pp. 538-568 in Zootaxa 5005 (4) on pages 557-560, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5005.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5142039, {"references":["Guevara, J. & Morales, C. (2013) Region Andes. In: Galeas, R., Guevara, J. E., Medina-Torres, B., Chinchero, M. A. & Herrera, X. (Eds.), Sistema de Clasificacion de Ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, Quito, pp. 83 - 84."]}

Masteria jatunsacha Dupérré & Tapia, new species Figs 2A, B, 3A–D, 20B, 22A, map. 1. Type material. Male holotype from Napo Province, Ecuador, Jatun Sacha Natural Reserve (-01.666464 -77.617192) 400–430m, 10–15 Mar. 2020, pitfall, E.E. Tapia, N. Dupérré, A.A. Tapia (QCAZ). Paratypes: 2♂ same data as the holotype (ZMH-A0014697, QCAZ). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality Jatun Sacha Natural Reserve, Napo, Ecuador. Diagnosis. Males most resemble M. chalupas n. sp. and M. papallacta n. sp. due to the presence of spines on the retrolateral side of the male palpal tibia but can be distinguished from M. papallacta n. sp. by the grouped spines positioned on the apical half (Fig. 3B, C), whilst they are positioned on the basal half in the latter species (Fig. 9B, C); from M. chalupas n. sp. by the presence of 21 grouped spines (Fig. 3C) vs. 14 grouped spines in the latter species (Fig. 7B, C) and basal spine of metatarsus I shorter (Fig. 22A), clearly longer in M. chalupas n. sp. (Fig. 22B). Description. Male (holotype): Total length: 2.79; carapace length: 1.37; carapace width: 1.07; abdomen length: 1.42. Carapace yellow with reticulation in the cephalic groove and pars thoracica, covered with long setae (Fig. 2A). Chelicerae yellow; promargin with 11 teeth and ~10 smaller mesobasal teeth. Endites yellow without cuspules. Labium yellow without cuspules. Sternum yellow, covered with long setae (Fig. 2B). Eyes: six eyes grouped; AME absent; ALE the largest; PLE oval; PME small and oval; posterior row slightly recurved (Figs 2A, 20B). Abdomen elongated, uniformly beige covered with long setae (Fig. 2B). Spinnerets: PLS 1.15 (0.39/0.41/0.35). Legs coloration uniformly pale yellow. Leg formula 4123; leg measurements: I 4.44 (1.27/0.63/1.03/0.80/0.72); II 3.54 (1.02/0.43/0.81/0.69/0.59); III 3.38 (0.92/0.35/0.82/0.72/0.57); IV 4.55 (1.24/0.29/1.12/1.09/0.61). Leg spination: I: femur d1-1-1-1-1; tibia v1, p-1ap; metatarsus v1-1; II: femur d1-1-1-1-1, p1; patella v1, p1; tibia v1-1-1ap, p1; metatarsus v1-1-1; III: femur d1-1-1-1, p1; patella p1; tibia d1-1, v1-1-1-3ap, p1-1, r1-1; metatarsus d1-2, v2-2-3ap, p1, r1-1; IV: femur d1-1-1-1-1; patella v-1ap, r1; tibia d1, v2-1ap, p1-1-1, r1-1, metatarsus d1, v2-2-2ap, p1-1, r1-1- 1. Tibia I: P1 absent; P2 with an apical, narrow strong spine; P3 with two apical spines (Fig. 22A). Metatarsus I with small basal spine (Fig. 22A). Palp: palpal tibia 2x the length of cymbium, 2.6x longer than wide, with 21 grouped long spines on retrolateral side, positioned on apical half (Fig. 3B, C); cymbium 2x longer than wide, with four apical spines; bulb rounded, with laminar twisted embolus (Fig. 3C). Female: unknown. Distribution. Ecuador: only found at the type locality. Natural History. Specimens were collected by pitfall between 400–430m in an evergreen lowland forest of the Napo-Curaray region (Guevara et al. 2013b)., Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, Tapia, Elicio, Quandt, Dietmar, Crespo-Pérez, Verónica & Harms, Danilo, 2021, From the lowlands to the highlands of Ecuador, a study of the genus Masteria (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Dipluridae) with description of seven new species, pp. 538-568 in Zootaxa 5005 (4) on pages 542-544, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5005.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5142039, {"references":["Guevara, J., Pitmann, N., Mogollon, H., Ceron, C. & Palacios, W. (2013 b) Region Andes. In: Galeas, R., Guevara, J. E., Medina-Torres, B., Chinchero, M. A. & Herrera, X. (Eds.), Sistema de Clasificacion de Ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, Quito, pp. 178 - 180."]}

Masteria papallacta Dupérré & Tapia, new species Figs 8A, B, 9A–D, 10 A, B, 11A, 20E, F, 22C. map. 1. Type material. Male holotype and female allotype from Napo Province, Ecuador, Páramo de Papallacta, site 3 (- 00.281881 -78.137040) 4020m, 1–8 Mar. 2020, pitfall, E.E. Tapia, N. Dupérré, A.A. Tapia (QCAZ). Paratypes: 4♀ same data as the holotype (ZMH-A00014698, A00014699, QCAZ). Etymology. The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality Páramo de Papallacta. Diagnosis. Males resemble M. jatunsacha n. sp., and M. chalupas n. sp. but can be distinguished from both species by the straight embolus (Fig. 9C), that is twisted in the two other species (Figs 3C, 7C). Females are distinguished from all species by their small, tortuous ental lobes (Fig. 11A). Description. Male (holotype): Total length: 2.74; carapace length: 1.35; carapace width: 1.08; abdomen length: 1.39. Carapace light brown without obvious reticulation in the cephalic groove and pars thoracica, covered with long setae (Fig. 8A). Chelicerae yellow; promargin with 12 teeth and ~12 smaller mesobasal teeth. Endites yellow without cuspules. Labium yellow without cuspules. Sternum yellow, covered with setae (Fig. 8B). Eyes: six eyes grouped; AME absent; ALE oval; PLE the largest, oval; PME the smallest, oval; posterior row recurved (Figs 8A, 20E). Abdomen elongated, grayish covered with long setae (Fig. 8A). Spinnerets: PLS 0.97 (0.36/0.29/0.32). Legs coloration uniformly pale yellow. Leg formula 4123; leg measurements: I 3.65 (1.02/0.56/0.79/0.67/0.61); II 2.85 (0.81/0.48/0.55/0.55/0.46); III 2.69 (0.82/0.33/0.53/0.49/0.52); IV 3.84 (1.07/0.43/0.90/0.79/0.65). Leg spination: I: no spines observed; II: femur d1-1; patella v1, p1; tibia v1-1, p1; metatarsus v1-1; III: femur d1-1-1; patella p1, v2ap; tibia d1-1, v2-2, p1-1, r1-1; metatarsus d1-2, v2-3ap, p1, r1-1; IV: femur d1-1-1; patella p1, v1ap, r1; tibia d1, v1-2ap, p1-1-1, r1-1, metatarsus d1, v2-2-2ap, p1-1, r1-1-1. Tibia I: P1 absent; P2 with an apical strong, curved spine; P3 with two apical spines (Fig. 22C). Metatarsus I with small pointed basal spine (Fig. 22C). Palpal tibia 1.7x the length of cymbium, 2.3x longer than wide, with 28 spines grouped in U on retrolateral side, (Fig. 9B, C); cymbium 2x longer than wide, with four apical spines; palpal bulb elongated-oval, embolus short, straight, strongly sclerotized (Fig. 9C). Female (allotype): Total length: 4.47; carapace length: 1.96; carapace width: 1.57; abdomen length: 2.51. Coloration as in male (Fig. 10A, B). Chelicerae yellow; promargin with 10 teeth and ~16 smaller mesobasal teeth. Endites yellow without cuspules. Labium yellow without cuspules. Sternum yellow, covered with long setae (Fig. 10B). Eyes: six eyes grouped; AME absent; ALE oval; PLE the largest, oval; PME the smallest, oval; posterior almost straight (Fig. 20F). Abdomen elongated, uniformly beige, covered with setae (Fig. 10B). Spinnerets: PLS 0.97 (0.56/0.43/0.50). Legs coloration uniformly pale yellow. Leg formula 4123; leg measurements: I 4.44 (1.28/0. 74/1.03/0.76/0.63); II 3.63 (1.05/0.59/0.69/0.71/0.59); III 3.73 (1.17/0.44/0.70/0.76/0.66); IV 5.16 (1.47/0.61/1.24/ 1.06/0.78). Leg spination: I: d1-1-1-1-1; patella v1, tibiae v1-1; II: femur d1-1-1-1; patella v2ap, p1; tibia v1-1, p1; metatarsus v1-1-1, p1; III: femur d1-1-1; patella d1-2, p1, v1ap; tibia d1-1, v2-2, p1-1, r1-1; metatarsus d1-2, v1-1- 2ap, p1, r1-1; IV: femur d1-1-1; patella pd1, v2ap, r1; tibia d1-1, v1-2-2ap, p1-1-1, r1-1, metatarsus d1, v2-1-1ap, p1-1, r1-1-1. Palpal claw with ~20 teeth. Genitalia: unilobed spermathecae with short, oval ectal lobes (EcL), ental lobes tortuous (EnL); spermathecae bases wide; glandular region with large glands closely spaced on the spermathecae bases (Fig. 11A). Distribution. Ecuador: only found at the type locality. Natural History. Specimens were collected by pitfall at high elevation (4020m) in an evergreen shrubland and grassland of the Andean Páramo (Salgado et al. 2013)., Published as part of Dupérré, Nadine, Tapia, Elicio, Quandt, Dietmar, Crespo-Pérez, Verónica & Harms, Danilo, 2021, From the lowlands to the highlands of Ecuador, a study of the genus Masteria (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Dipluridae) with description of seven new species, pp. 538-568 in Zootaxa 5005 (4) on page 549, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5005.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5142039, {"references":["Salgado, S., Cuesta, F., Baez, S., Josse, C. & Menina-Torres, B. (2013) Region Andes. In: Galeas, R., Guevara, J. E., Medina- Torres, B., Chinchero, M. A. & Herrera, X. (Eds.), Sistema de Clasificacion de Ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental. Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, Quito, pp. 134 - 135."]}