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Many studies have shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiology of diabetes and its complications. New methods of treatment for prevention and control of this disease is a priority for the international scientific community. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between the glycated hemoglobin, C peptide and two antioxidant enzymes. Thirty type 1 diabetic children were treated with a blueberry and sea buckthorn concentrate for two months. RESULTS: After two months of administering the product to diabetic children, the erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher (p < 0.05). Levels of glycated hemoglobin were significantly lower (p < 0.05). The activity of whole blood glutathione peroxidase was moderately increased but the difference was not statistically significant. C peptide concentration was significantly higher after treatment with this dietary supplement (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that treatment with this dietary supplement has a beneficial effect in the treatment of type 1 diabetic children and it should be considered as a phytotherapeutic product in the fight against diabetes mellitus., Acta Physiol Hung [...]

Objective: Deep learning methods have shown potential in automating the detection of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in electroencephalography (EEG). We compared IED detection using our previously trained deep neural network with a group of experts to assess its potential applicability., Methods: First, we performed clinical validation on an internal data set. Seven experts reviewed all EEG studies. Performance agreement between experts and the network was compared at both the EEG and IED levels. All EEG recordings were also processed with Persyst. Subsequently, we performed external validation, with data from four centers, using a hybrid approach, where detections by the deep neural network were reviewed by an expert. In case of disagreement with the original report, the EEG recording was annotated independently by five experts., Results: For internal validation we included 22 EEG studies with IEDs and 28 EEG studies from controls. At the EEG level, our network showed performance similar to that of the experts. For individual IED detection, the sensitivities between experts ranged from 20.7%-86.4%, whereas the sensitivity of our network was 82.5% (confidence interval [CI]: 77.7%-87.4%) at 99% specificity and a false detection rate (FDR) of <.2/min, outperforming Persyst, with 64.6% sensitivity (CI: 61.4%-67.9%) at 98% specificity. External validation in 174 EEG studies demonstrated that all 85 EEG recordings classified as normal in the original report were classified correctly, with an FDR of .10/min. Of the 89 EEG studies with IEDs according to the report, 56 were correctly classified (Cohen's κ = .62). Visual analysis of the remaining 33 EEG recordings showed high interobserver variability among the five experts (Fleiss' κ = .13)., Significance: Our deep neural network detects IEDs on par with clinical experts. The external validation in a hybrid approach showed substantial agreement with the original report. Disagreement was due mainly to high interobserver variability. Our deep neural network may support visual EEG analysis and assist in diagnostics, particularly when human resources are limited., (© 2024 The Author(s). Epilepsia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International League Against Epilepsy.)

Background: Intensive poultry production systems depend on chemoprophylaxis with anticoccidial drugs to combat infection. A floor-pen study was conducted to evaluate the anticoccidial effect of Artemisia annua and Foeniculum vulgare on Eimeria tenella infection. Five experimental groups were established: negative control (untreated, unchallenged); positive control (untreated, challenged); a group medicated with 125 ppm lasalocid and challenged; a group medicated with A. annua leaf powder at 1.5% in feed and challenged; and a group treated with the mixed oils of A. annua and Foeniculum vulgare in equal parts, 7.5% in water and challenged. The effects of A. annua and oil extract of A. annua + F. vulgare on E. tenella infection were assessed by clinical signs, mortality, fecal oocyst output, faeces, lesion score, weight gain, and feed conversion., Results: Clinical signs were noticed only in three chickens from the lasalocid group, six from the A. annua group, and nine from the A. annua + F. vulgare group, but were present in 19 infected chickens from the positive control group. Bloody diarrhea was registered in only two chickens from A. annua group, but in 17 chickens from the positive control group. Mortality also occurred in the positive control group (7/20). Chickens treated with A. annua had a significant reduction in faecal oocysts (95.6%; P = 0.027) and in lesion score (56.3%; P = 0.005) when compared to the positive control. At the end of experiment, chickens treated with A. annua leaf powder had the highest body weight gain (68.2 g/day), after the negative control group, and the best feed conversion (1.85) among all experimental groups., Conclusions: Our results suggest that A. annua leaf powder (Aa-p), at 1.5% of the daily diet post-infection, can be a valuable alternative for synthetic coccidiostats, such as lasalocid.

Solitary insulinoma is a rare pancreatic tumor in all age groups with an estimated incidence of 1 in 250 000 persons a year. It is even rarely in childhood and mostly shows benign behavior. Cases with uncertain or malignant biology are extremely rare with less than 30 cases described in the literature. Here we report a case of pediatric insulinoma, the first in our department files in the past 20 years, with rapid clinical course following a clinical misdiagnosis as juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, which was complicated with low glucose level (20 mg/dL) and neuroglycopenia. Our case underlines some unusual features of a pediatric insulinomas presented without past medical and family history, after surgery complicated with mental retardation and recurrent epileptiform episodes. Despite the small tumor size, low Ki67 index/mitotic rate and benign immunophenotype marked by positivity for pro-insulin but negativity for β-HCG, the diagnosis was concluded as insulinoma of uncertain biological behavior due to vascular tumor invasion in agreement with the 2003 WHO Classification for Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasms. Besides these features, perineural invasion can differentiate insulinomas of uncertain outcome from benign insulin producing tumors. Pediatric insulinomas may present misleading symptoms of epilepsy in neglected cases coming from poor socioeconomic background. Chronic insufficient blood glucose level might contribute to mental retardation and epilepsiform myoconvulsions to be prevented. Differentiation between insulinoma with benign and uncertain behavior is difficult where histological pattern and tumor immunophenotype are less important than the critical morphological parameters. Life long follow-up including regular control of blood glucose and abdominal status of patients are essential for proper assessment of clinical outcome of pediatric insulinoma.