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8. Implementing implementation science: an approach for HIV prevention, care and treatment programs

Author

Cattamanchi, Adithya, Volberding, Paul, Lambdin, BH, Cheng, B, Peter, T, Mbwambo, J, Apollo, T, Dunbar, M, Udoh, IC, and Geng, EH

Abstract

© 2015 Bentham Science Publishers.Though great progress has been realized over the last decade in extending HIV prevention, care and treatment in some of the least resourced settings of the world, a substantial gap remains between what we know works and wh

Published
2015

9. Transmission matrices used in epidemiologic modelling M. Bekker-Nielsen Dunbar.

Author

Dunbar, M. Bekker-Nielsen

Subjects
*EPIDEMIOLOGICAL models, *INFECTIOUS disease transmission, *SEXUALLY transmitted diseases, *EVIDENCE-based medicine, *PUBLIC health
Abstract

Mixing matrices are included in infectious disease models to reflect transmission opportunities between population strata. These matrices were originally constructed on the basis of theoretical considerations and most of the early work in this area originates from research on sexually transferred diseases in the 80s, in response to AIDS. Later work in the 90s populated these matrices on the basis of survey data gathered to capture transmission risks for respiratory diseases. We provide an overview of developments in the construction of matrices for capturing transmission opportunities in populations. Such transmission matrices are useful for epidemiologic modelling to capture within and between stratum transmission and can be informed from theoretical mixing assumptions, informed by empirical evidence gathered through investigation as well as generated on the basis of data. Links to summary measures and threshold conditions are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. sj-docx-1-bjp-10.1177_2049463720970579 – Supplemental material for Sociodemographic predictors of attendance at a Scottish pain management programme

Author

Moore, FR, Williams, L, and Dunbar, M

Subjects
FOS: Clinical medicine, 111702 Aged Health Care, FOS: Health sciences, digestive system diseases, humanities, 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
Abstract

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-bjp-10.1177_2049463720970579 for Sociodemographic predictors of attendance at a Scottish pain management programme by FR Moore, L Williams and M Dunbar in British Journal of Pain

Published
2023
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20. Introducing New Surgical Technologies

Author

Dunbar, M. J., Hozack, William J., editor, Krismer, Martin, editor, Nogler, Michael, editor, Bonutti, Peter M., editor, Rachbauer, Franz, editor, Schaffer, Jonathan L., editor, and Donnelly, William J., editor

Published
2004
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23. Recommendations from the ICM-VTE: General

Author

Parvizi, J., Abbas, A. A., Abcha, O., Abdelaal, M. S., Ackermann, P. W., Acuna, A. J., Ageno, W., Aguilar Ramirez, J. J., Akkaya, M., Alameddine, D., Alfaro, D. O., Alvand, A., Alzeedi, M., Andrade, A. J., Arnold, W. V., Arish, A., Austin, M. S., Ay, C., Azboy, I., Babis, G. C., Baker, C. M., Barrack, R. L., Barragan, E., Beaton-Comulada, D., Bedair, H. S., Bell, J. A., Beverland, D. E., Bhatia, N., Bialecki, J., Bondarenko, S., Bonilla, G., River Boschert, S. O., Bracho, C., Brooks, D., Buttaro, M., Cacan Daniel Caldeira, M. A., Callaghan, J., Campbell, D. G., Cancienne, J. M., Cannegieter, S. C., Canseco, J. A., Caprini, J. A., Carrier, M., Castro Bejarano, J. C., Catani, F., Ceylan, H. H., Cha, Y. -H., Chan, C. K., Chan, N., Cheung, M. H., Chisari, E., Cimminiello, C., Citak, M., Colon-Miranda, R. G., Colwell, C., Combs, K., Cordeiro, M., Corvi, J. J., Courtney Crispiana Cozowicz, P. M., Crawford, R. W., Cruz, E., D'Amore, T., Dantas, P., Della Valle, A. G., Deltour, C., Demanes, A. C., Djaja, Y. P., Dunbar, M. J., Egoavil, M. S., Egol, K. A., Eichinger, S., Elias, L. F., Emmerson, B. R., Ettema, H. B., Al Farii, H., Fernandez-Rodriguez, D., Fillingham, Y. A., Fu, H., Gallagher, N., Gary, J. L., Geerts, W. H., Ghazavi, M. T., Gleason, B., Goh, G. S., Goncalves, S., Goriainov, V., Goswami, K., Goyal, L., Granqvist, M., Grenho, A., Griffin, X., Hafez, M. A., Hakyemez, O. S., Hamdi, S., Hansen, E. N., Hansen, H., Hasegawa, M., Higuera, C. A., Hobohm, L. M. A., Holc, F., Hollingsworth, N., Hozack, W. J., Hughes, A. J., Humphrey, T. J., Huo, M. H., Inaba, Y., Jenny, J. -Y., Jiranek, W., Kaila, R., Kallel, S., Kamath, A. F., Karachalios, T., Karas, V., Kelkar, A. H., Keller, K., Kenanidis, E., Khan, I. A., Khan, Y., Kim, J. -H., Kim, K. -I., Klein, G. R., Kleiner, J. E., Komnos, G., Konstantinides, S. V., Koo, K. -H., Kopenitz, J., Krasinski, Z., Krueger, C. A., Kuo, A., Kvederas, G., Kwong, L. M., Lachiewicz, P. F., De Ladoucette, A., Larco, E., Larkin, J. A., Levine, B. R., W. T., Li, Lieberman, J. R., Lip, G. Y. H., Lizarraga, M. M., Llinas, A., Lobastov, K., Lobo, C. A., Ludwick, L., Julian, F., Maempel, Magnuson, J., Maini, L., Maltseva, V., Mamczak, C. N., Garcia-Mansilla, A., Manzaneda, M. E., Martino, V., Al Maskari, S., Matharu, G. S., Mead, M., Meghpara, M. M., Mehta, S., Memtsoudis, S. G., Menon, D., Merli Nikolaos Milonakis, G. J., Mirkazemi, C., Mojica, J. J., Moka, E., Moncman, T. G., Monsalvo, D., Mortazavi, S. M. J., Morton, J., Mulcahey, M. K., Najafi, F., Nam, D., Namdari, S., Navarro, R., Nazarian, D. G., Niikura, T., Noyez, J. F., Ochoa Chaar, C. I., Ong, C. B., Otero-Lopez, A., Ozaki, T., Pandit, H., Pannu, T. S., Parvizi, N., Poeran, J., Poolman, R. W., Purtill, J. J., Radoicic, D. K., Rajasekaran, R. B., Rajasekhar, A., Randelli, F., Reed, M., Restrepo, C., Riva, N., Romanini, E., Sadek, M., Saglam, Y., Salazar, G., Salazar, M., Salvati, E. A., Samama, C. M., Sanchez-Osorio, J. S., Santoso, A., Sattarzadeh, R., Saxena, A., Schemitsch, E., Schulman, S., Schwenk, E. S., Shahi, A., Sharkey, P. F., Sharrock, N., Shivakumar, S., Shohat, N., Siegel, N. M., Sievers, D. A., Smailys, A., Smith, E. B., Somers, J. F. A., Souissi, M., Sousa, P., Sousa, R., Spyropoulos, A. C., Squizzato, A., Srivastava, A., Suarez, C., Suresh, S., Tannoury, T., Tarabichi, M., Tarabichi, S., Taylor, J., Terhune, E. B., Thienpont, E., Thomas, T. L., Top, A. C., Tornetta, P., Torres, A., Torres-Lugo, N. J., Tort-Saade, P., Tresgallo-Pares, R., Tsiridis, E., Tuncay, I., Urbanek, T., Urish, K. L., Vendittoli, P. -A., Victor, K., Vilchez, F., Villa, J. M., Viscusi, E. R., Volk, T., Vosooghi, F., Vysotskyi, O., Walsh, M., Warren, J., Werner, B. C., Westrich, G., Whitehouse, M. R., Whitehouse, S. L., Winters, B. S., Wouthuyzen-Bakker, M., Yamada, K., Yates, A. J., Yoo, J. -I., Yoon, U., Zambianchi, F., UCL - SSS/IREC/NMSK - Neuro-musculo-skeletal Lab, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'orthopédie et de traumatologie de l'appareil locomoteur, and Delegates, ICM-VTE General

Subjects
Risk Factors, Anticoagulants, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Surgery, General Medicine, Venous Thromboembolism
Published
2022

26. Long-term efficacy and safety of addition of carboplatin with or without veliparib to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: 4-year follow-up data from BrighTNess, a randomized phase III trial

Author

Geyer, C.E., primary, Sikov, W.M., additional, Huober, J., additional, Rugo, H.S., additional, Wolmark, N., additional, O’Shaughnessy, J., additional, Maag, D., additional, Untch, M., additional, Golshan, M., additional, Lorenzo, J. Ponce, additional, Metzger, O., additional, Dunbar, M., additional, Symmans, W.F., additional, Rastogi, P., additional, Sohn, J.H., additional, Young, R., additional, Wright, G.S., additional, Harkness, C., additional, McIntyre, K., additional, Yardley, D., additional, and Loibl, S., additional

Published
2022
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29. Long-term efficacy and safety of addition of carboplatin with or without veliparib to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: 4-year follow-up data from BrighTNess, a randomized phase 3 trial

Author

Geyer CE Jr, Sikov WM, Huober J, Rugo HS, Wolmark N, O'Shaughnessy J, Maag D, Untch M, Golshan M, Ponce Lorenzo J, Metzger O, Dunbar M, Symmans WF, Rastogi P, Sohn J, Young R, Wright GS, Harkness C, McIntyre K, Yardley D, and Loibl S

Subjects
phase 3, triple-negative breast cancer, veliparib, carboplatin [(max 6)], neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Primary analyses of the phase 3 BrighTNess trial showed addition of carboplatin with/without veliparib to neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved pathological complete response (pCR) rates with manageable acute toxicity in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we report 4.5-year follow-up data from the trial. DESIGN: Women with untreated stage II-III TNBC were randomized (2:1:1) to paclitaxel (weekly for 12 doses) plus either: (a) carboplatin (every 3 weeks for four cycles) plus veliparib (twice daily); (b) carboplatin plus veliparib placebo; or (c) carboplatin placebo plus veliparib placebo. All patients then received doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) every 2?3 weeks for four cycles. The primary endpoint was pCR. Secondary endpoints included event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Since the co-primary endpoint of increased pCR with carboplatin plus veliparib with paclitaxel versus carboplatin with paclitaxel was not met, secondary analyses are descriptive. RESULTS: Of 634 patients, 316 were randomized to carboplatin plus veliparib with paclitaxel, 160 to carboplatin with paclitaxel, and 158 to paclitaxel. With median follow-up of 4.5 years, the hazard ratio [HR] for EFS for carboplatin plus veliparib with paclitaxel versus paclitaxel was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43?0.92, P=0.02), but 1.12 (95% CI 0.72?1.72, P=0.62) for carboplatin plus veliparib with paclitaxel versus carboplatin with paclitaxel. In post hoc analysis, HR for EFS was 0.57 (95% CI 0.36?0.91, P=0.02) for carboplatin with paclitaxel versus paclitaxel. OS did not differ significantly between treatment arms, nor did rates of myelodysplastic syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, or other secondary malignancies. CONCLUSION: Improvement in pCR with addition of carboplatin was associated with long-term EFS benefit with a manageable safety profile, and without increasing the risk of second malignancies, while adding veliparib did not impact EFS. These findings support the addition of carboplatin to weekly paclitaxel followed by AC neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early stage TNBC.

Published
2022

33. 119O Event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), and safety of adding veliparib (V) plus carboplatin (Cb) or carboplatin alone to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) after ≥4 years of follow-up: BrighTNess, a randomized phase III trial

Author

Loibl, S., primary, Sikov, W., additional, Huober, J., additional, Rugo, H.S., additional, Wolmark, N., additional, O'Shaughnessy, J., additional, Maag, D., additional, Untch, M., additional, Golshan, M., additional, Lorenzo, J. Ponce, additional, Metzger, O., additional, Dunbar, M., additional, Symmans, W.F., additional, and Geyer, C., additional

Published
2021
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34. High rates of drug resistance in individuals diagnosed with HIV in tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-based pre-exposure prophylaxis rollout programs in Kenya, Zimbabwe, Eswatini and South Africa

Author

Parikh, U.M., Kudrick, L., Levy, L., Bosek, E., Chohan, B., Ndlovu, N., Mahaka, I., Hettema, A., Mullick, S., McCormick, K., Wallis, C., Wiesner, L., Anderson, P., Mukui, I., Masyuko, S., Mugambi, M., Mugurungi, O., Ncube, G., Dunbar, M., Dlamini, NA., Matse, S., Peterson, J., Baeten, J., Celum, C., Richardson, B., Castor, D., Torjesen, K., and Mellors, J.W.

Subjects
Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Statistics, Tenofovir -- Patient outcomes, HIV infection -- Statistics -- Drug therapy, Health
Abstract

Background: The ongoing rollout of oral TDF-based PrEP has the potential to reduce HIV incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) but HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in PrEP breakthrough infections could threaten [...]

Published
2021
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43. Methadone program participation and current ART use among people who inject drugs in Kenya

Author

Mbogo, L., Wise, A. Monroe, Sambai, B., Guthrie, B., Bukusi, D., Sinkele, W., Macharia, P., Ludwig, N., Herbeck, J., Dunbar, M., Gitau, E., Farquhar, C., Musyoki, H., and Masyuko, S.

Subjects
Medical care -- Utilization, Antiviral agents -- Dosage and administration, Intravenous drug abuse -- Care and treatment, HIV infection -- Care and treatment, Methadone hydrochloride -- Dosage and administration, Health
Abstract

Background: In Kenya HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) is estimated at 18% versus 5.6% in general population. To reduce opioid addiction and HIV risk, methadone was introduced in Nairobi and Kenya's coastal region in 2013. Studies in high-income countries have shown that methadone is associated with antiretrovira therapy (ART) uptake, however, it is not known whether participation in a methadone program is associated with increased ART use among PWID in Kenya. Methods: Participants were recruited from an ongoing study of Assisted Partner Services (APS) to identify, test and link to care the sexual and injecting partners of HIV-positive PWID in Kenya. Recruitment for index participants was done from NSP programs and methadone clinics in Nairobi, Kilifi and Mombasa countie where they were receiving HIV care. In this study we interviewed all HIV-positive index participants who had injected drugs in the last one year about linkage to care, ART uptake, methadone use and current injecting practices. We used logistic regression to evaluate associations between methadone program participation and current ART use, adjusting for demographic and behavioral characteristics. Results: A total of 668 HIV-positive index participants were enrolled. Of these, 138 (21%) were on methadone and 527 (79%) reported they were taking ART. The majority of participants were male (52%) and median age was 36 years (IQR 31 to 42). Of 138 currently enrolled in methadone programs, 128 (93%) were on ART compared to 399 (75%) of the remaining 530 not taking methadone. After adjusting for age, sex, marital status, and living conditions, those on ART were over 4 times more likely to take methadone (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 4.21, p < 0.001). Of 346 men 89 (26%) were on methadone compared with 49 (15%) of 322 women (aOR = 0.45, p < 0.001). Women were also less likely to be on ART compared to men although this difference was not statistically significant (aOR = 0.72, p = 0.08). Conclusions: Methadone use was strongly associated with reported ART use amongst PWID in Kenya. Women were significantly less likely than men to take methadone and were also less likely to be taking ART. These findings can guide policies and practices for targeted methadone support programs in Kenya., OA21.02 L. Mbogo (1); A. Monroe-Wise (2); B. Sambai (1); B. Guthrie (2); D. Bukusi (3); W. Sinkele (4); P. Macharia (5); N. Ludwig (6); J. Herbeck (6); M. Dunbar [...]

Published
2021
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45. Endemic-Epidemic Framework Used in Covid-19 Modelling

Author

Bekker-Nielsen Dunbar, M. and Held, L.

Abstract

Nunes et al. ([54]) provide an overview of mathematical models used to analyse epidemics and techniques for conducting studies to obtain parameter estimates for such models. They discuss the SEIR model which has been used in much coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) analysis. Our discussion presents a modelling framework based in time series analysis developed for the analysis of infectious disease surveillance data, as well as our use of the framework in analysing COVID-19. We believe many of the purposes of modelling infectious disease outlined by Nunes et al. ([54]) as well as the benefits of mathematical modelling highlighted can also be found in the statistical modelling techniques we use in our work., REVSTAT-Statistical Journal, Vol. 18 No. 5 (2020): REVSTAT-Statistical Journal

Published
2020
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47. One small step for man, one giant leap for men's health: a meta-analysis of behaviour change interventions to increase men's physical activity

Author

Sharp P, Spence JC, Bottorff JL, Oliffe JL, Hunt K, Vis-Dunbar M, and Caperchione CM

Subjects
Male, 09 Engineering, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, 13 Education, Physical Education and Training, Health Behavior, Humans, Health Promotion, Diet, Healthy, Men's Health, Exercise, Sport Sciences
Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To determine the effects of behaviour change interventions on men's physical activity (postintervention), sustained change in physical activity behaviour (≥12 months postintervention) and to identify variations in effects due to potential moderating variables (eg, theoretical underpinning, gender-tailored, contact frequency). DESIGN:Systematic review with meta-analysis. Pooled effect size (Cohen's d) was calculated assuming a random-effects model. Homogeneity and subsequent exploratory moderator analyses were assessed using Q, T2 and I2. DATA SOURCES:Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, SportDiscus and Web of Science to April 2019. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTED STUDIES:Randomised control trials of behaviour change interventions in men (≥18 years) where physical activity was an outcome and data were from men-only studies or disaggregated by sex. RESULTS:Twenty-six articles described 24 eligible studies. The overall mean intervention effect on men's physical activity was 0.35 (SE=0.05; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.45; p

Published
2020

48. Appendix – Supplemental material for Sociodemographic predictors of attendance at a Scottish pain management programme

Author

Moore, FR, Williams, L, and Dunbar, M

Subjects
FOS: Clinical medicine, 111702 Aged Health Care, FOS: Health sciences, digestive system diseases, humanities, 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
Abstract

Supplemental material, Appendix for Sociodemographic predictors of attendance at a Scottish pain management programme by FR Moore, L Williams and M Dunbar in British Journal of Pain

Published
2020
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49. Birth outcomes in Aboriginal mother-infant pairs from the Northern Territory, Australia, who received 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccination during pregnancy, 2006-2011: The PneuMum randomised controlled trial.

Author

McHugh, L, Binks, M, Ware, RS, Snelling, T, Nelson, S, Nelson, J, Dunbar, M, Mulholland, EK, Andrews, RM, McHugh, L, Binks, M, Ware, RS, Snelling, T, Nelson, S, Nelson, J, Dunbar, M, Mulholland, EK, and Andrews, RM

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women and infants <6 months old have a high baseline risk for pneumococcal disease compared to the general population, particularly among Indigenous populations living in poverty and low-resource settings. Efficacy trials of pneumococcal vaccination in pregnancy examining adverse birth outcomes are lacking. AIMS: We report adverse birth events as secondary outcomes from the 'PneuMum' randomised controlled trial of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination (23vPPV) in pregnancy (August 2006-January 2011). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Australian Aboriginal women aged 17-39 years with singleton uncomplicated pregnancies were randomised (1:2 ratio) to receive 23vPPV or no 23vPPV in pregnancy at 30-36 weeks gestation. We compared risks of stillbirth, preterm birth, low birthweight (LBW), and small for gestational age (SGA) between vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant women. Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS: Among 227 enrolled participants, 75 (33%) received 23vPPV in pregnancy. Risk differences in adverse birth outcomes between 23vPPV vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant women were; preterm birth 9% vs 4% (HR 2.79; 95% CI 0.94-8.32) P = 0.07; LBW 9% vs 5% (HR 2.09; 95% CI 0.76-5.78) P = 0.15; and SGA 15% vs 17% (HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.50-2.06) P = 0.96. There were no stillbirths. CONCLUSIONS: We found a numerically higher rate of preterm births among women who received 23vPPV in pregnancy compared to unvaccinated pregnant women. Although further investigation with larger participant numbers is needed to better evaluate this safety signal, the contribution of safety results from smaller studies using appropriate data analysis methodologies is critical, particularly as more clinical trials in pneumococcal vaccination in pregnancy are progressing.

Published
2020

50. One small step for man, one giant leap for men's health: a meta-analysis of behaviour change interventions to increase men's physical activity.

Author

Sharp, P, Spence, JC, Bottorff, JL, Oliffe, JL, Hunt, K, Vis-Dunbar, M, Caperchione, CM, Sharp, P, Spence, JC, Bottorff, JL, Oliffe, JL, Hunt, K, Vis-Dunbar, M, and Caperchione, CM

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of behaviour change interventions on men's physical activity (postintervention), sustained change in physical activity behaviour (≥12 months postintervention) and to identify variations in effects due to potential moderating variables (eg, theoretical underpinning, gender-tailored, contact frequency). DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Pooled effect size (Cohen's d) was calculated assuming a random-effects model. Homogeneity and subsequent exploratory moderator analyses were assessed using Q, T2 and I2. DATA SOURCES: Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, SportDiscus and Web of Science to April 2019. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTED STUDIES: Randomised control trials of behaviour change interventions in men (≥18 years) where physical activity was an outcome and data were from men-only studies or disaggregated by sex. RESULTS: Twenty-six articles described 24 eligible studies. The overall mean intervention effect on men's physical activity was 0.35 (SE=0.05; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.45; p<0.001). This effect size is consistent with an increase of approximately 97 min of total physical activity per week or 980 steps per day. Intervention moderators associated with greater increases in physical activity included objective physical activity outcome measures, a gender-tailored design, use of a theoretical framework, shorter length programmes (≤12 weeks), using four or more types of behaviour change techniques and frequent contact with participants (≥1 contact per week). 12 studies included additional follow-up assessments (≥12 months postintervention) and the overall mean effect was 0.32 (SE=0.09; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.48; p<0.001) for that sustained increase in physical activity. SUMMARY: Behaviour change interventions targeting men's physical activity can be effective. Moderator analyses are preliminary and suggest research directions.

Published
2020

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