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Our work mainly focused on highlight the histological alterations induced by experimental lead poisoning on Carassius gibelio Bloch species and lead-detoxifying ability of spirulina powder added 2% in fish diet. 90 1 year old Prussian carps, were divided in 3 groups as follow: C (control group), E1 group (75 ppm Pb into water as Pb(NO3)2 x ½H2O), E2 group (75 ppm Pb into water+2% spirulina powder in feed), according to the experimental protocol. Fish tissue (gills, intestine, liver, kidney and gonads) were sampled and histologically processed at the end of a 21-day trial period. Histological sections analyzed with an Olympus microscope have revealed the lead-harmful effects to the fish tissues, while spirulina powder has showed an ameliorating effect on the tissue structural changes caused by lead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European catfish (Silurus glanis) plays an important role in aquaculture due to its fast growth rate, its resistance to different environmental conditions, its adaptability to different rearing systems and the high nutritional and qualitative properties of the meat. Studies by many researchers have proven that coriander (Coriandrum sativum) has beneficial biological effects in fish, but studies regarding its or other phyto-additives influence on the meat quality of European catfish are sparse. The current study aimed to evaluate the influence of coriander seeds powder as phytoadditive (2 and 4%) in dry food pellets given to the European catfish, on chemical composition of its muscle. The coriander seed powder was administered 14 weeks in fish feed in two trials in duplicate: 2% and 4% to one-year-old European catfish. Three hundred fish were randomly selected and stocked into 6 tanks, 50 fish per tank. At the end of the experiment, 5 fish were collected from each tank, euthanized and used for the evaluation of the muscle quality. A piece of epaxial muscle from the highest part of the body was sampled, and subjected to the assessment of the crude protein and fat content, ash and moisture. The results revealed that coriander do not have a significant influence on muscle quality in general, but led to a significant (p0.01) decrease of crude fat content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of food and feed is more and more in the first place of research, being tightly related to the health state of humans and animals. Due to these features, antibiotics used in animals are no longer agreed to be used, and natural supplements are encouraged to be used to increase the meat's nutritional quality. One of the natural immunoglobulins used as a replacement for antibiotics is egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY), which is added in diet supplementation for feeding animals. The combination of probiotics and other substances with an immunological role, especially some natural immunoglobulins - such as IgY, has multiple advantages. Thus, it can be increased meat production, improve the immunological status of animals which decreases the stress effects, improve infection resistance, increase the quality of carcasses - which implicitly also leads to economic growth, and also obtaining animal products without the addition of antibiotics or growth stimulants, or even obtaining organic products. There are several cost-effective methods to extract natural immunoglobulin IgY from egg yolk: using dextran blue, polyethylene glycol, chloroform, and cryo-ethanol treatment followed by precipitation with ammonium sulfate. In this paper, we will present some features regarding the methods of extracting IgY immunoglobulins from the egg yolk, the way of using these immunoglobulins in animal breeding and improvement technologies, as well as the biotechnological advantages that derive from the use of this natural product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have reported positive associations between certain biologically active compounds, with pharmacological properties, such as nutraceuticals, contained in some foods and various pathologies. The term "nutraceutical" currently varies from country to country, referring to a number of valuable molecules, derived from organic sources (plants) or foods such as polyphenols, essential amino acids, antioxidants, soluble fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFA), prebiotics, prebiotics, which act at the cellular level, in combating oxidative stress and inflammatory processes and / or in altering the expression of some genes. The discovery of the many benefits attributed to these products and the ever-changing lifestyle have contributed to increasing consumer confidence in nutraceutical and functional foods around the world, and there is a growing interest in improving the quality of life and adopting a healthy lifestyle. to prevent or reduce the risk of disease. Based on these considerations, this paper aims to review some scientific evidence obtained from in vitro / in vivo studies, which supports the beneficial effects of some nutraceuticals and their medical implications in various pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, worldwide neoplastic pathology is a major public health problem. Despite the many therapeutic strategies currently available in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the number of new cancer cases and cancer deaths is increasing. An inexpensive alternative without adverse effects is the development of therapeutic strategies using herbal compounds obtained from various natural sources. On the other hand, the development of therapeutic alternatives involves testing their cytotoxic effects on healthy human cells. In this study, we tested Ocimum basilicum extracts (in butanol and acetonitrile), in concentrations between 5mg/ml and 40mg/ml, in order to evaluate the cytotoxic potential on colon (Caco2), liver (HepG2) and blood cancer (K-562). We analysed the biocompatibility of the products in vitro on healthy cell lines (MSC-mesenchymal STEM cells and HDFA- human fibroblasts). Cell proliferation was analyzed by the MTT assay. The obtained results revealed that the tested extracts do not significantly modify the multiplication of healthy human cells. Instead, it causes a decrease in the cell growth rate for liver and colon neoplastic cells, and less so for leukemic cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog was selected from a natural population breed of the Romanian Carpathian Mountains. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the phenotypic differences between the sexes in a population of 26 males and 23 females of the Mioritic Shepherd Dog breed, for 9 body measurements: height at elbow, height at hock, head length, skull length, skull width, muzzle length, muzzle width, muzzle depth and muzzle perimeter. Following the study on the significance of statistical differences between body measurements recorded in the evaluated population, it was concluded that males from the people of the Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog studied in this paper showed superior and significant values for height at the elbow (p<0.05), height at hock (p<0.05), head length (p<0.01), muzzle length (p<0.05). It should be noted that the evaluated females showed superior values compared to males, but insignificant (p>0.05), for muzzle width and muzzle depth. We recommend to dog breeders specialists consider the genetic improvement programs, and also our results presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After Romania joined the European Union, the hunting populations must be managed much more carefully, ensuring a much increased vigilance. The animals' population can be characterized by the observed size, which is opposed to the genetic size, being given by the number of individuals from all animal categories and by the total number of males and females participating in the production of the descendant generation. This study aimed to analyze the quantitative evolution of 13 wildlife populations taking into consideration the environmental conditions, on the background of hunting 65 Giera, between 2018 and 2022, thus contributing to the knowledge of the hunting heritage in Timi County with a total area of 12.386 ha, for sustainable management and conservation. Thus, this study recommends the revival of the existing population in this hunting area, through "blood refreshing" actions, as well as the permanent monitoring and limitation of populations from the Canidae family, especially of the Jackal (Canis aureus L.) species, and the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholesterol is essential for humans and animals, but high serum cholesterol levels can lead to severe heart diseases, which already have a high incidence - especially in humans. This is why cholesterol and other biochemical substances with the same action are the subjects of various research, named "unproven risk factors for atherosclerosis". One of the biochemical with heart disease risk is considered homocysteine - an amino acid also known as "the new cholesterol", which, if accumulated in high concentrations may contribute to the formation of atherosclerosis plaque. Different factors relating the homocysteine serum concentration, such as genetics, gender, age, body weight, associated diseases, and medications are discussed and studied to understand better the role of "new cholesterol" and its health implications. Also, studies are focused on different cofactors of biochemical reactions that are involved in homocysteine homeostasis, like vitamins and minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study aimed to highlight the histological alterations of some tissue of Prussian carp's specimens, subjected to sub lethal Pb intoxication with and without coriander dietary supplementation. 90 Prussian carps, with weighing between 10 and 12 g were divided according to the following treatments for 21 days: C (without treatment), E1 (75 ppm Pb into water), E2 (75 ppm Pb into water+2% lyophilized coriander leaves in feed). Gill, intestine, liver and kidney were sampling and analyzed in light microscopy at the end of experiment. QuickPHOTO Micro 2.2 software has been used for the histological study. Our findings were: severe histological alterations in experimental Pbpoisoned group; coriander lyophilisate has been shown to be an excellent chelator on liver tissue and is largely able to attenuate the toxic effects of lead in the kidneys, intestine and gill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog, was selected from a natural population breed of Romanian Carpathian Mountains. The aim of this study was to analyze the existence and size of sexual dimorphism in a population of 26 males and 23 females of the Mioritic Shepherd Dog breed, for 6 body measurements: ear length, ear width, distance between the ears, distance between the eyes, length hair at withers and metacarpal perimeter. Following the study on the significance of statistical differences between body measurements recorded in 26 males and 23 females, it was concluded that sexual dimorphism is not evident in the population of the Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog studied in this paper, except the distance between the ears character. Among the other characters, the differences between the individuals of the two sexes are insignificant (p>0.05). We recommend to the dog breeders to take into account the genetic improvement programs, and also the results presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After Romanian integration into European Union the hunting populations need special attention. The observed size of an animals' population, which is opposed to the genetic size, is given by the number of the individuals from all categories and also by the total number of males and females participating in the production of the descendant generation. The study presented in this paper aimed to analyze the quantitative evolution of 13 wildlife populations and environmental conditions, on the background of hunting 20-Bara, between 2018 and 2021, thus contributing to the knowledge of the hunting heritage in Timiş County, for a sustainable management and conservation. Thereby, this study recommends the revival of the existing population on this hunting area, through "blood refreshing" actions, as well as the permanent monitoring and limitation of populations from the Canidae family, especially of the Jackal (Caniş aureus L.) species, and the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes L) species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although, morphologically, maize is one of the most vigorous species, with a well-developed root system and stem, lately it has become sensitive to one particular species of weeds, namely Ambrosia artemisiifolia. With devastating effects on agriculture, on the environment and on human health, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, comonly named ragweed, is one of the most harmful invasive species. Currently, it belongs to the category of dominant weeds in some agricultural crops, which causes significant damage in production and from observations made in the maize crop, its frequency exceeds 50 individuals on a square meter. This paper presents the results of herbicides efficacy tests regarding the control of this invasive species in maize crop. The research was carried out in the Timiş Plain, on a eutricambosoil soil type, poorly glayed, with high fertility, due to good physical and chemical properties. Of the four herbicides applied post-emergence in maize crop, the best efficacy was obtained by Glyfos Ultra herbicide, applied in doses of 3.5 l / ha, which ensured a significant reduction in coverage, of over 90% 15 days after application, while Kideka herbicide has been situated at the opposite pole, with an efficacy of about 82%. Also, the results of the same set of herbicides applied indicate very high efficacy of Glyfos Ultra herbicide, which exceeds a percent of 98% 30 days after application, while the lowest results were obtained by the herbicide named Dicash 480 SL of approximately 67%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to highlight the histological aspect of some tissue of Prussian carp's specimens, subjected to sub lethal Pb intoxication with and without chlorella dietary supplementation. 90 Prussian carps, with weighing between 10 and 12 g were divided according to the following treatments for 21 days: C (without treatment), E1 (75 ppm Pb into water), E2 (75 ppm Pb into water+2% lyophilized chlorella in feed). Samples of gill, intestine, liver and kidney were removed at the end of experimental period and analyzed in light microscopy. QuickPHOTO Micro 2.2 software has been used for the histological study. Our findings are: obvious histological alterations have been observed in experimental Pb-poisoned group; active chlorella compounds cannot counteract the effects of Pb-induced oxidative stress on intestinal tissue; chlorella has been shown to be a weak Pb chelator on liver tissue; chlorella lyophilisate reduces to a small extent the toxic effects of the contaminant in the kidneys; respiratory barrier slightly affected in the group receiving chlorella in feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of Romania into the European Union requires special attention to the hunting populations. The observed size of an animal population, as opposed to the genetic size, is given by the number of individuals in all categories, as well as by the total number of males and females participating in the production of the descendant generation. The purpose of the present paper was to study the evolution of the observed sizes of the hunting population for 13 species of animals in the period 2016-2020, on hunting area 16-Sarlota, from Timis County, with a total area of 6.149 ha. The present study highlighted that on this hunting area, Cervidae family - which includes ruminants with deciduous horns, is represented by 3 species, namely Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L), Fallow Deer (Dama dama L), and Roe Deer (Capreolus carpeolus L). Our paper concludes that the decrease of the populations of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L) species, Fallow Deer (Dama dama L) species, Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L) species, Wild hog (Sus scrofa L.) species, The European hare (Lepus europaeus P) species, and Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus L.) species, in the studied period of 2018-2019, is due to the increase of the observed size with 200% on this hunting area of Jackal (CaniȘ aureus L.) species, and also due to the significant presence of the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes L) species. We recommend the permanent monitoring and limitation of populations from the Canidae family, especially of the Jackal (CaniȘ aureus L.) species. For the other identified species, the population of evolutionary numbers showed that there is a good correlation between the number of individuals and their biogenic capacity. The present study recommends the revival of the existing population on this hunting area, through "blood refreshing" actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In latest years, researchers have been concerned about the resistance, recurrence, and dormancy of viruses that occurs in the prevention and treatment of viruses. Regarding the current pandemic conditions reported not only to the SARS-CoV-2 virus (2019), but also to the SARS-CoV-1 virus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus from 2013) and MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus from 2018), it is mentioned that there are scientific publications that demonstrate the benefits of treatments with natural products. Some natural products rich in phytonutrients can be used as an alternative to the prevention and treatment of viral diseases along with some treatments with pharmaceuticals that are very good, but are more aggressive towards the body. Some of the natural products –to be more effective –are used in processed form –as essential oils, as products obtained by distillation under specific conditions, as tinctures or as aqueous or alcoholic extracts –these being tested by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Asia is one of the continent with a tradition in natural herbal treatments, and the origin of these pandemic viruses has further driven researchers to seek and develop new techniques and methods to obtain natural products –concentrated enough to be effective but not no harm to patients. Also, the World Health Organization promotes innovations regarding new potential treatments for new viral diseases and also welcomes traditional, alternative, and complementary medicine –which can have an important role in healthcare. And because some of the viral diseases are found also in animals and humans –the researchers have a very complicated job to find therapies that not only treat and prevent but also are efficient and safe! [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog was selected from a natural population breed in Carpathian Mountains of Romania. The aim of this study was to analyze the existence and size of sexual dimorphism in a population of 26 males and 23 females of the Mioritic Shepherd Dog breed, for 10 body measurements: withers height, middle back height, croup height (iliac), base of tail height (coccyx), croup width, body length, tail length, thorax depth, thorax width and thorax perimeter. The animals were registered with the Romanian Mioritic Association Club from Romania. Following the study on the significance of statistical differences between body measurements recorded in 26 males and 23 females, it was concluded that sexual dimorphism is evident in the population of the Romanian Mioritic shepherd dog studied in this paper. We recommend that dog breeders of this breed take into account the genetic improvement programs, also the results presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honey is a bee product that has antimicrobial activity, between different types of honey there being differences in terms of effectiveness and mechanisms of action against the same type of microorganism. Given the constant increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the need to find natural alternatives to them, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of polyfloral honey in western Romania. Honey was tested in the following concentrations: 80%; 60%; 40%; 20%; 10%; 5%. Two Gram+ bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619) and three Gram- strains (Enterococccus faecalis ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028) were used in the study. The results of this study show that polyfloral honey from the western part of Romania has an antiproliferative effect on the bacterial strains tested, depending on the applied concentration. The highest inhibition rates were recorded on Salmonella typhimurium, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, and the lowest values were recorded in the bacterial strains Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to evaluate the anticancer activity of different extracts of Myrmecodia pendens (the name in the local language is Sarang semut), in the following solvents: water, methanol and N-hexane. The effect of those extracts was tested in four concentrations, which vary between 50µg/ml and 600 µg/ml, and were applied on colon adenocarcinoma cells, cell line CaCo2. The methanolic and Nhexane extracts showed a reduced cytotoxic activity and minor cell lesions, in comparison to the water extracts. We conclude that Myrmecodia pendens extracts can be considered as potential adjuvant in the complementary therapy of the colon cancer, with the mention that the extracts in polar solvent (water) manifest more important anticarcinogenetic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, it is ranked the third most common cancer in the world and the fourth leading cause of death. In this study, we aimed to assess the antiproliferative potential of the aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Curcuma longa influence on therapy-resistant colon cancer cells. HCT cells were seeded in the presence of cisplatin in order to develop the cell line resistant to this drug. Subsequently, the cells were exposed for 24, 48 and 72 hours to different concentrations of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of C. longa. After the study it can be concluded that the plant extracts effects vary depending on the solvent used for the extraction and the incubation times of the cancer cells with the extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to highlight the histological aspect of some tissue of Prussian carp's specimens, subjected to sub lethal Pb intoxication with and without chlorella dietary supplementation. 90 Prussian carps, with weighing between 10 and 12 g were divided according to the following treatments for 21 days: C (without treatment), E1 (75 ppm Pb into water), E2 (75 ppm Pb into water+2% lyophilized chlorella in feed). Samples of skin, muscle and gonads were removed at the end of experimental period and analyzed in light microscopy and a specific QuickPHOTO Micro 2.2 software has been used for the histological study. Mentioned epithelium suffered evident Pb-induced histomorphological alterations while the active principles of chlorella powder has attenuated the destructive action of lead to a greater or lesser extent, showing its chelating and antioxidant potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants are used in poultry feed due to their beneficial effects on the intestinal microflora, digestibility of nutrients, intestinal morphology, aspects that are found in the quality of meat and eggs. Currently, due to its characteristics, coriander is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and medical industry, in the cosmetics and perfume industry, but also in the zootechnical field, as an alternative to antibiotics, in raising young animals and birds. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the additional effects of the diet of chickens with coriander powder on intestinal and liver morphology. The study was performed on a number of 24 broilers (ROS 308 hybrids), male, divided into two groups, each group with two replications, 6 individuals / group: Control group (CG) fed only by the basic diet and the experimental group (CoG) in which the basic diet was supplemented with 1% coriander powder. The duration of the experiment was 42 days. Supplementation of the basic diet of chickens with 1% coriander powder led to an increase in the analyzed histomorphometric parameters, the differences compared to the control group (CG) being significant (p<0.05; p <0.001; p<0.001) for height and surface of the intestinal villi and the depth of the crypts and, respectively, insignificant (p>0.05) for the width of the villi. In addition, at the hepatic level, dietary supplementation with coriander powder led to vascular hypertrophy, the presence of perivascular leukocyte infiltrates and the manifestation of cytoplasmic vacuolation of hepatocytes in the perilobular territories. Histomorphometric analysis of the data obtained in this study and histological changes in the liver provide new information on the use of coriander seed powder in broiler feed, as a potential promoter of their growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In biotechnologies, genetics is an important issue in preserving the animal and plant species, and also in medical diagnostic. Epigenetic is one branch of genetics that studies the variation of phenotypic traits which can be the consequences of different factors, especially the environmental factors. And, because of the epigenetic is dealing with the gens, which are biochemically defined by proteins' metabolism, we can say that there is a special interrelation between epigenetic and metabolism. Changes in the metabolism of some biochemical compounds can be transferred to gene expression -- which can be also altered. The latest experimental studies published in different scientific journals proved that epigenetic is closely related to the phenotypic traits and to the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The observed size of an animal population, as opposed to the genetic size, is given by the number of individuals in all categories as well as by the total number of males and females participating in the production of the descendant generation. The integration of Romania into the European Union requires special attention to the hunting populations. The purpose of the present paper was to study the evolution of the observed sizes of the hunting population for 13 species of animals in the period 2015-2019, on 17 hunting areas Nades, from Timis County with a total area of 9.325 ha. The present study highlighted that on this hunting area, Cervidae family -- which includes ruminants with deciduous horns, is represented by 3 species, namely Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L), Fallow Deer (Dama dama L), and Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L). Also, it is concluded that it is permanently effective of European swan (Lepus europaeus P.), it is more important to choose the significant growth on this hunting area with 100% a Jackal (Canis aureus L.), at the beginning of 2018, compared to the year 2017. For the other identified species, the population of evolutionary numbers showed that there is a good correlation between the number of individuals and their biogenic capacity. The present study recommends the revival of the existing population on this hunting ground, through "blood refreshing" actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have been conducted in the Timis River, which springs from the Semenic Mountains, in the western part of Romania. On its course on Romania's territory were established 6 sampling stations (Accumulation Three waters-Feneşti Confluence, Teregova, Lugoj-CFR Bridge, Lugoj-Timişana Confluence, Şag and Grăniceri) where analyzes were made of the chemical composition of the water. Analysis of the results showed an increase from upstream to downstream of 5 days-biochemical oxygen demand (B.O.D.5) (from 1.75 to 3.66 mg/l), also the accumulation of nitrates (from 1.53 to 3.08 mg/l), nitrites (from 0.01 to 0.10 mg/l), chloride (from 2.50 to 8.51 mg/l) and water hardness (from 1.12 to 6.02 dH°). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chestnuts (Castanea sativa) are traditionally ingredients of different food and feed, being used in human and animal diet - due to its valuable active principles. The products used are chestnuts (fruits) and also by-products from chestnuts industry like shell, skin, bark, leaves or even flowers. Chestnuts are ingredients with protein - but glutenfree, with low lipid content, high carbohydrates, with hydro-soluble vitamins (A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C) and minerals (Ca, Fe, Mg, P, K, Na, Zn). Also, in chestnut products are present different antioxidants which could be extracted and used in processing of food and feed products. Thus, various extraction techniques and solvents are used to obtain good yield of substances that are used in animal feeding (for broiler chicken, pigs, rabbits). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aristolochic acid is a toxin produced by plants of the family Aristolochiaceae. This paper evaluates the effects of aristolochic acid [AA], a frequent grain contaminant, as a possible agent of swine nephropathy through the assessment of several markers of kidney toxicity. Ten crossbred TOPIG hybrid were randomly distributed in two groups (five pigs/group] and fed control or 250pg AA/kg feed for 28 days. Our results have shown that AA induced changes in the renal parenchyma, while renal lesions were not found in control group. The consumption of the diets contaminated with AA significantly increase the synthesis of TNF-a and IL-8 and slightly increase the concentration of IFN gamma and IL-1 beta, while no effect was observed on IL-6 and IL-8 synthesis. Also, a significant increase of the TNF-agene expression was observed in the kidney of AA intoxicated animals. In conclusion, our results have shown that the intoxication of weaned piglets with 250 pg AA/kg feed for 1-month results in important histopathological modifications at the kidney level and an increase in inflammatory status which can lead to the renal failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds are used in animal and human nutrition because of its therapeutic properties. More often the seeds are used as powder, oils or extracts, as food or medicine ingredients. Fenugreek leaves contains carbohydrates, proteins and minerals - especial calcium, being low in lipids; while the seeds are rich in proteins, dietary fibres and gums, vitamins and minerals - especially iron. Traditional medicine demonstrated fenugreek efficiency in medical prevention and some diseases treatments, the oils or extracts having antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, immunomodulatory and antitumor activity. Also, fenugreek has very good action on lymphatic system, favouring the circulation of nutrients into the cells and removing the toxic or residual components from the cells. Due to some hormone precursors, fenugreek seeds are used successfully for increasing milk secretion and excretion, both in humans and animals. The seeds are used in fish, domestic rabbits and ruminants' diet, and could be an alternative component of feed for different farm animals due to digestion benefice and texture of feed. Leaves and seeds are used in production of extruded products, or as feed stabilizer, emulsifying and adhesive agent, flavouring (artificial maple syrup, condiment), colouring (yellow), texture (due to fibres, galactomannans and gums) and other organoleptic properties of feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to analyze, within a group of 21 females from Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog breed, 13 characters of genetically improved, characters stipulated in „Selection sheet and body measurements for Romanian shepherds”. The animals were registered with the Romanian Mioritic Association Club from Romania. Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog, was selected from a natural population breed in Carpathian Mountains. Following the analysis for the mean value and dispersion indices for those 13 body measurement was realized a better knowledge of the genetic structure of the population for these characters and was created the possibility of estimating sexual dimorphism. Also, this paper highlighted the following reports of the characters analyzed at the males taken in the study: the ratio between the average of length and width skull was 1.00:1.02 the ratio between the average of length skull and the average of length muzzle was 1.36:1.00 and between average of the width of skull and the muzzle was 1.75:1.00. By Comparing between them length, width and depth of muzzle, resulted a ratio of 1.25:1.00:1.14. Also, this paper highlights the fact that the variability was medium for head length, skull length and skull width. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]