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2. Structure, composition, and roles of the Toxoplasma gondii oocyst and sporocyst walls

Author

Freppel, Wesley, Ferguson, David JP, Shapiro, Karen, Dubey, Jitender P, Puech, Pierre-Henri, and Dumètre, Aurélien

Subjects
Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Biodefense, Infectious Diseases, Foodborne Illness, Prevention, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Related, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Environment, Molecules, Oocyst, Sporocyst, Wall structure
Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is a coccidian parasite with the cat as its definitive host but any warm-blooded animal, including humans, may act as intermediate hosts. It has a worldwide distribution where it may cause acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. Infection can result from ingestion either of tissue cysts in infected meat of intermediate hosts or oocysts found in cat faeces via contaminated water or food. In this review, we highlight how the oocyst and sporocyst walls sustain the persistence and transmission of infective T. gondii parasites from terrestrial and aquatic environments to the host. We further discuss why targeting the oocyst wall structure and molecules may reduce the burden of foodborne and waterborne T. gondii infections.

Published
2019

3. Environmental transmission of Toxoplasma gondii: Oocysts in water, soil and food.

Author

Shapiro, Karen, Bahia-Oliveira, Lillian, Dixon, Brent, Dumètre, Aurélien, de Wit, Luz, VanWormer, Elizabeth, and Villena, Isabelle

Subjects
Food, Oocyst, Soil, Toxoplasma gondii, Transmission, Water
Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that can cause morbidity and mortality in humans, domestic animals, and terrestrial and aquatic wildlife. The environmentally robust oocyst stage of T. gondii is fundamentally critical to the parasites success, both in terms of its worldwide distribution as well as the extensive range of infected intermediate hosts. Despite the limited definitive host species (domestic and wild felids), infections have been reported on every continent, and in terrestrial as well as aquatic environments. The remarkable resistance of the oocyst wall enables dissemination of T. gondii through watersheds and ecosystems, and long-term persistence in diverse foods such as shellfish and fresh produce. Here, we review the key attributes of oocyst biophysical properties that confer their ability to disseminate and survive in the environment, as well as the epidemiological dynamics of oocyst sources including domestic and wild felids. This manuscript further provides a comprehensive review of the pathways by which T. gondii oocysts can infect animals and people through the environment, including in contaminated foods, water or soil. We conclude by identifying critical control points for reducing risk of exposure to oocysts as well as opportunities for future synergies and new directions for research aimed at reducing the burden of oocyst-borne toxoplasmosis in humans, domestic animals, and wildlife.

Published
2019

6. Effect of household bleach on the structure of the sporocyst wall of Toxoplasma gondii

Author

Dumètre Aurélien, Dubey Jitender P., and Ferguson David J.P.

Subjects
toxoplasma gondii, oocyst, sporocyst, wall, bleach, resistance, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii oocysts are responsible for food- and water-borne infections in humans worldwide. They are resistant to common chemical disinfectants, including chlorinated products, presumably due to the structure and molecular nature of the oocyst wall but also the sporocyst wall. In this study, we used fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to characterise the structure of both the oocyst and sporocyst walls, exposed to household bleach. Bleach removed the outer layer of the oocyst wall and the outer layer of the wall of sporocysts exposed due to rupture of the oocyst wall. The loss of the outer sporocyst wall layer was associated with a decrease in its autofluorescence, which can be linked to the degradation of dityrosine cross-link proteins, and loss of Maclura pomifera lectin-reactive glycoproteins. This study suggests that the inner layers of the oocyst and sporocyst walls are the main structures responsible for the resistance of the parasite to household bleach.

Published
2021
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7. Discovery of new thienopyrimidinone derivatives displaying antimalarial properties toward both erythrocytic and hepatic stages of Plasmodium

Author

Cohen, Anita, Suzanne, Peggy, Lancelot, Jean-Charles, Verhaeghe, Pierre, Lesnard, Aurélien, Basmaciyan, Louise, Hutter, Sébastien, Laget, Michèle, Dumètre, Aurélien, Paloque, Lucie, Deharo, Eric, Crozet, Maxime D., Rathelot, Pascal, Dallemagne, Patrick, Lorthiois, Audrey, Sibley, Carol Hopkins, Vanelle, Patrice, Valentin, Alexis, Mazier, Dominique, Rault, Sylvain, and Azas, Nadine

Published
2015
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8. Evaluation of eimeria spp. Parasites as surrogates for the study of toxoplasma gondii oocyst inactivation

Author

Augendre, Laure, Escotte-Binet, Sandie, Aubert, Dominique, Silvestre, Anne, Répérant, Jean-Michel, Villena, Isabelle, Dumètre, Aurélien, La Carbona, Stéphanie, Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Actalia [Saint-Lô], and This work is supported by UMT ACTIA Protorisk (grant CIFRE)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract

International audience; Foodborne diseases are a global public health concern. Toxoplasma gondii is considered as one of the most of concern parasites in the world due to its multiple routes of transmission, high prevalence, and global distribution. The T. gondii oocyst the environmental form of the parasite, is known to remain infective for very long periods in soils and waters. These reservoirs can be sources of contamination during the primary production of vegetables, fruits, and seafood. In order to reduce human exposure, food industries implement control measures whose efficiency to inactivate the pathogens in the food matrix requires evaluation. However, for T. gondii, such studies face methodological and financial constraints. Indeed, sourcing infective oocysts in large quantities and measuring their infectivity are costly, require specific expertise and authorizations, and raise ethical and biohazard issues. Therefore, identifying and characterizing organisms that could be used as surrogates for T. gondii oocysts is a critical issue for the agri-food industry.The ideal surrogate should be non-pathogenic, easy to produce in large quantities and its viability/infectivity easily measured in the laboratory to assess control measures inactivation efficiency. The surrogate should display comparable or less inactivation to T. gondii oocysts, as well as similar inactivation kinetics. Whenever possible, the model should be equivalent in structure and size to the target pathogen and have a similar mode of transmission in the matrices to be studied. In this study, oocysts of the genus Eimeria were evaluated as surrogates of T. gondii. Physical and chemical treatments were applied to Eimeria acervulina and Toxoplasma oocysts and their impact on their structure was evaluated by flow cytometry and microscopy. The following parameters were studied: integrity (size/granulometry) and permeability, measured by the incorporation of different markers such as lectins. The first data obtained suggest that Eimeria acervulina would be a good model to study T. gondii for certain treatments.

Published
2022

9. Évaluation des parasites protozoaires Eimeria spp. comme modèles d’étude de l’inactivation des oocystes de Toxoplasma gondii

Author

Augendre, Laure, Escotte-Binet, Sandie, Aubert, Dominique, Silvestre, Anne, Répérant, Jean-Michel, Villena, Isabelle, Dumètre, Aurélien, Carbona, Stephanie, Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Actalia [Saint-Lô], and SFP - SFMM

Subjects
[SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology
Abstract

National audience; Les maladies d’origine alimentaire constituent un problème de santé publique à l’échelle mondiale. La sécurité alimentaire s’inscrit dans une approche intégrée dite de la fourche à la fourchette qui prend en considération chacun des maillons de la chaîne en intégrant des mesures d’évaluation et de maîtrise des dangers.Selon l’EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), chaque année, plus de 1000 cas humains d’infections parasitaires d'origine alimentaire sont signalées dans l'Union Européenne. Toxoplasma gondii est considéré comme l'un des parasites les plus préoccupants au monde en raison des multiples voies d'infection, de sa forte prévalence et de sa distribution mondiale. L’oocyste de T. gondii, forme environnementale du parasite, est connu pour être résistant et survivre pendant de très longues périodes dans les environnements telluriques et hydriques. Ces réservoirs peuvent représenter des sources de contamination lors de la production primaire des légumes, fruits et coquillages. Afin de réduire l’exposition de l’Homme, les industriels de l’agroalimentaire mettent en place des mesures de maîtrise qui visent à inactiver les pathogènes potentiellement présents dans les matières premières. Ces procédés peuvent être chimiques et/ou physiques et leur efficacité doit être évaluée pour chacun des dangers identifiés pour un aliment donné. Cependant, les études menées sur T. gondii sont entravées par des contraintes méthodologiques et financières. En effet, l’approvisionnement en oocystes infectieux en quantités importantes et la mesure du caractère infectieux s’avèrent compliqués, coûteux, requièrent une expertise spécifique et soulèvent des problèmes d’éthique et de risques biologiques. Par conséquent, identifier et caractériser des organismes qui pourraient être utilisés comme substituts aux oocystes de T. gondii constitue un enjeu essentiel pour l'industrie agroalimentaire.L’organisme modèle idéal serait non pathogène, produit aisément en grandes quantités et sa viabilité/infectiosité pourrait être plus facilement mesurée en laboratoire afin d’évaluer sa résistance aux traitements. Ce modèle doit mimer le comportement du pathogène cible et donc présenter des niveaux de résistance comparables ou supérieurs, ainsi que des cinétiques d’inactivation similaires. Dans la mesure du possible, le modèle doit présenter une structure et une taille équivalentes à la cible et avoir un mode de transmission similaire à celui du pathogène cible dans les matrices que l’on souhaite étudier. Il est très important de sélectionner et de valider soigneusement les substituts potentiels afin d’éviter unesurestimation de l’efficacité des technologies de décontamination et un biais dans l’évaluation de l’exposition.Dans cette étude, les oocystes du genre Eimeria ont été évalués comme modèles de T. gondii. Différents traitements physiques et chimiques ont été appliqués sur des oocystes d’Eimeria et de Toxoplasma et leur impact sur la structure a été évalué par cytométrie en flux et microscopie. Les paramètres suivants ont été étudiés : intégrité (taille/granulométrie) et perméabilité, mesurée par l’incorporation de différents marqueurs (lectines). Les premières données obtenues suggèrent qu’Eimeria acervulina serait un bon modèle d’étude de T. gondii pour certains traitements.

Published
2022

13. Assessing viability and infectivity of foodborne and waterborne stages (cysts/oocysts) of Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and Toxoplasma gondii: a review of methods

Author

Rousseau Angélique, La Carbona Stéphanie, Dumètre Aurélien, Robertson Lucy J., Gargala Gilles, Escotte-Binet Sandie, Favennec Loïc, Villena Isabelle, Gérard Cédric, and Aubert Dominique

Subjects
viability, infectivity, cryptosporidium, giardia, toxoplasma, risk assessment, food, methods, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii are protozoan parasites that have been highlighted as emerging foodborne pathogens by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization. According to the European Food Safety Authority, 4786 foodborne and waterborne outbreaks were reported in Europe in 2016, of which 0.4% were attributed to parasites including Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Trichinella. Until 2016, no standardized methods were available to detect Giardia, Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma (oo)cysts in food. Therefore, no regulation exists regarding these biohazards. Nevertheless, considering their low infective dose, ingestion of foodstuffs contaminated by low quantities of these three parasites can lead to human infection. To evaluate the risk of protozoan parasites in food, efforts must be made towards exposure assessment to estimate the contamination along the food chain, from raw products to consumers. This requires determining: (i) the occurrence of infective protozoan (oo)cysts in foods, and (ii) the efficacy of control measures to eliminate this contamination. In order to conduct such assessments, methods for identification of viable (i.e. live) and infective parasites are required. This review describes the methods currently available to evaluate infectivity and viability of G. duodenalis cysts, Cryptosporidium spp. and T. gondii oocysts, and their potential for application in exposure assessment to determine the presence of the infective protozoa and/or to characterize the efficacy of control measures. Advantages and limits of each method are highlighted and an analytical strategy is proposed to assess exposure to these protozoa.

Published
2018
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27. Toxoplasma gondii Oocyst Infectivity Assessed Using a Sporocyst-Based Cell Culture Assay Combined with Quantitative PCR for Environmental Applications

Author

Rousseau, Angélique, primary, Escotte-Binet, Sandie, additional, La Carbona, Stéphanie, additional, Dumètre, Aurélien, additional, Chagneau, Sophie, additional, Favennec, Loïc, additional, Kubina, Sophie, additional, Dubey, Jitender P., additional, Majou, Didier, additional, Bigot-Clivot, Aurélie, additional, Villena, Isabelle, additional, and Aubert, Dominique, additional

Published
2019
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28. Prévalence de Toxoplasma gondii chez les animaux péri-domestiques et sauvages en région Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

Author

Gouasmia, Sohib, Dumètre, Aurélien, Davoust, Bernard, L'Ollivier, Coralie, Hamidović, Azra, Galal, Lokman, Sientzoff, Pacôme, Dardé, Marie-Laure, Mercier, Aurélien, Grelier, Elisabeth, Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Parasitologie Mycologie [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)

Subjects
[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

31. Evaluation of propidium monoazide-based qPCR to detect viable oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii.

Author

La Carbona, Stéphanie, Rousseau, Angélique, Villena, Isabelle, Escotte-Binet, Sandie, Aubert, Dominique, Favennec, Loïc, Dumètre, Aurélien, and Dubey, Jitender P.

Subjects
TOXOPLASMA gondii, OOCYSTS, VIABILITY (Biology), POLYMERASE chain reaction, FLOW cytometry
Abstract

Information on the viability of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts is crucial to establish the public health significance of this environmental transmission stage that can contaminate water and foods. Interest for molecular-based methods to assess viability is growing and the aim of our study was to assess, for the first time, a propidium monoazide (PMA)-qPCR approach to determine the viability of T. gondii oocysts. Untreated and heat-killed (99 °C, 5 min) oocysts were incubated with PMA, a photoreactive DNA binding dye, and analyzed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry to characterize oocysts' dye permeability. Different PMA concentrations (50 to 150 μM), incubation temperatures (22, 37, and 45 °C), amplicon length, selected targeted gene, and dyes (PMA, PMAxx™) were evaluated to define optimal conditions to discriminate specifically viable oocysts by PMA-qPCR. In theory, PMA binding to DNA would inhibit PCR amplification in dead but not in viable oocysts. Incubation at 22 °C with 100 μM PMA coupled to qPCR targeting a 123-bp sequence of the 529-bp repeat element allowed the distinction between viable and heated oocysts. However, the reduction of viability following heating of oocysts at high temperature was slight and, contrarily to reverse transcriptase-qPCR, the qPCR signal was not totally suppressed in heated suspensions. Therefore, PMA-qPCR is able to assess the impact of heating on T. gondii oocysts' viability but underestimates the efficacy of this treatment. The relevance of this technique to evaluate the efficacy of other inactivation processes and assess exposure of humans to this pathogen requires further investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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32. Detection of zoonotic protozoa Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Toxoplasma, bioaccumulation and elimination of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in experimentally exposed Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis)

Author

Gargala, Gilles, Houssin, Maryline, Dumètre, Aurélien, Guyot, Karine, La Carbona, Stéphanie, Villena, Isabelle, Favennec, Loic, Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), LABÉO, Pôle d’analyses et de recherche de Normandie (LABÉO), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), ACTALIA [Villers-Bocage], Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Actalia [Saint-Lô], and Trancart, Suzanne

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

33. Development of a Standardized Strategy for Detection of total and viable Protozoan Parasites Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Toxoplasma in food matrices

Author

La Carbona, Stéphanie, Aubert, Dominique, Houssin, Maryline, Favennec, Loic, Dumètre, Aurélien, Guyot, Karine, Gargala, Gilles, Travaillé, Emmanuelle, Villena, Isabelle, Trancart, Suzanne, ACTALIA [Villers-Bocage], Actalia [Saint-Lô], Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), LABÉO, Pôle d’analyses et de recherche de Normandie (LABÉO), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

35. Simultaneous detection of the protozoan parasites Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium and Giardia in food matrices and their persistence on basil leaves

Author

Hohweyer, Jeanne, primary, Cazeaux, Catherine, additional, Travaillé, Emmanuelle, additional, Languet, Emilie, additional, Dumètre, Aurélien, additional, Aubert, Dominique, additional, Terryn, Christine, additional, Dubey, Jitender P., additional, Azas, Nadine, additional, Houssin, Maryline, additional, Loïc, Favennec, additional, Villena, Isabelle, additional, and La Carbona, Stéphanie, additional

Published
2016
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37. Interaction forces drive the environmental transmission of pathogenic protozoa RUNNING TITLE: Protozoa-environment interaction forces

Author

Dumètre, Aurélien, Voutquenne-Nazabadioko, Laurence, Puech, Pierre-Henri, Hohweyer, Jeanne, Azas, Nadine, Villena, Isabelle, Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Protozooses Transmises par l'Alimentation (Cryptosporidiose, Giardose et Toxoplasmose) : Mode de Contamination et Pathogénie (PROTAL) - EA 3800 (PROTAL), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Adhésion et Inflammation (LAI), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-09-ALIA-0009,PROTOFOOD,Contamination des mollusques bivalves et des végétaux par les protozoaires Cryptosporidium, Giardia et Toxoplasme: détection, persistance et impact des procédés(2009), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
parasitic diseases, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology
Abstract

International audience; The protozoan parasites Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii are environment-resistant pathogens that pose significant risks to public health worldwide. Their environmental transmission is closely governed by the physicochemical properties of their cysts and oocysts respectively, allowing their transport, retention and survival for months in water, soil, vegetables and mollusks, which are the main reservoirs for human infection. Importantly, the cyst/oocyst wall plays a key role in that regard by exhibiting a complex polymeric coverage that determines the charge and hydrophobic characteristics of parasites' surface. Interaction forces between parasites and other environmental particles may be, in a first approximation, evaluated following the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory of colloidal stability. However, due to the molecular topography and nano- to micro- structure of the cyst/oocyst surface, non-DVLO hydrophobic together with additional steric attractive/repulsive forces may play a pivotal role in controlling the parasite behavior when submitted to various external conditions. Here, we review several parameters that enhance or hinder the adhesion of parasites to other particles and surfaces, and address the role of fast-emerging techniques for mapping the cyst/oocyst surface e.g. by measuring their topology and the generated interaction forces at the nano- to micro- scale. We discuss why characterizing these interactions could be a crucial step for managing the environmental matrices at risk of microbial pollution.

Published
2012

39. Etude populationnelle d'isolats de toxoplasmes de Type II provenant d'animaux sauvages et domestiques en France et au Portugal

Author

Mercier, Aurélien, Aubert, D., Roy, V, Dumètre, Aurélien, Ajzenberg, Daniel, Alarion, N., Rodrigues de Sousa, Susana, Costa, J., Villena, I, Dardé, Marie-Laure, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée (NETEC), Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC), CHU Limoges, Center for Parasite Immunology and Biology, INSA - Porto (Portugal), and Grelier, Elisabeth

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2006

40. Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and free-range France: seroprevalence and isolate genotyping by microsatellite analysis

Author

Dumètre, Aurélien, Ajzenberg, Daniel, Rozette, Luc, Mercier, Aurélien, Alarion, N., Dardé, Marie-Laure, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée (NETEC), Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC), and CHU Limoges

Subjects
[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2006

42. Synthesis and Antiplasmodial Receptor Independent 4D-QSAR Study in 4-aryl-2-trichloromethylquinazoline Series

Author

Reboul, Jean-Pierre, primary, Verhaeghe, Pierre, additional, Siri, Didier, additional, Gaudel-Siri, Anouk, additional, Castera- Ducros, Caroline, additional, Dumètre, Aurélien, additional, Hutter, Sébastien, additional, Azas, Nadine, additional, Rathelot, Pascal, additional, Vanelle, Patrice, additional, and Iliadis, Athanassios, additional

Published
2013
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43. Biodiversity, genetic population and phylogeny of Toxoplasma gondii

Author

Ajzenberg, Daniel, Banuls, A, Dumètre, Aurélien, Villena, I, Dardé, Marie-Laure, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale et Comparée (NETEC), Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC), CHU Limoges, and Grelier, Elisabeth

Subjects
[SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2002

47. Quantitative Estimation of the Viability of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Soil

Author

Lélu, Maud, primary, Villena, Isabelle, additional, Dardé, Marie-Laure, additional, Aubert, Dominique, additional, Geers, Régine, additional, Dupuis, Emilie, additional, Marnef, Francine, additional, Poulle, Marie-Lazarine, additional, Gotteland, Cécile, additional, Dumètre, Aurélien, additional, and Gilot-Fromont, Emmanuelle, additional

Published
2012
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48. A New Synthetic Route to Original Sulfonamide Derivatives in 2-Trichloromethylquinazoline Series: A Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Antiplasmodial Activity

Author

Primas, Nicolas, primary, Verhaeghe, Pierre, additional, Cohen, Anita, additional, Kieffer, Charline, additional, Dumètre, Aurélien, additional, Hutter, Sébastien, additional, Rault, Sylvain, additional, Rathelot, Pascal, additional, Azas, Nadine, additional, and Vanelle, Patrice, additional

Published
2012
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