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267 results on '"Dulac, François"'

1. History of Mediterranean Aerosol Observations

Author

Dulac, François, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, Kaskaoutis, Dimitris G., Querol, Xavier, di Sarra, Alcide, Masson, Olivier, Pey, Jorge, Sciare, Jean, Sicard, Michael, Dulac, François, editor, Sauvage, Stéphane, editor, and Hamonou, Eric, editor

Published
2023
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2. Ozone in the Mediterranean Atmosphere

Author

Kalabokas, Pavlos, Zanis, Prodromos, Akritidis, Dimitris, Georgoulias, Aristeidis K., Kapsomenakis, John, Zerefos, Christos S., Dufour, Gaëlle, Gaudel, Audrey, Sellitto, Pasquale, Armengaud, Alexandre, Ancellet, Gérard, Gheusi, François, Dulac, François, Dulac, François, editor, Sauvage, Stéphane, editor, and Hamonou, Eric, editor

Published
2023
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3. Summary of Recent Progress and Recommendations for Future Research Regarding the Mediterranean Context and Atmospheric Pollutants Distribution

Author

Sauvage, Stéphane, Dulac, François, Hamonou, Eric, Dayan, Uri, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, Debevec, Cécile, Doussin, Jean-François, Giorgi, Filippo, Kalabokas, Pavlos, Kaskaoutis, Dimitris G., Liakakou, Eleni, Masson, Olivier, Dulac, François, editor, Sauvage, Stéphane, editor, and Hamonou, Eric, editor

Published
2023
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8. Summary of Recent Progress and Recommendations for Future Research Regarding Air Pollution Sources, Processes, and Impacts in the Mediterranean Region

Author

Dulac, François, Hamonou, Eric, Sauvage, Stéphane, Kanakidou, Maria, Beekmann, Matthias, Desboeufs, Karine, Formenti, Paola, Becagli, Silvia, di Biagio, Claudia, Borbon, Agnès, Denjean, Cyrielle, Gheusi, François, Gros, Valérie, Guieu, Cécile, Junkermann, Wolfgang, Kalivitis, Nikolaos, Laurent, Benoît, Mallet, Marc, Michoud, Vincent, Nabat, Pierre, Sartelet, Karine, Sellegri, Karine, Dulac, François, editor, Sauvage, Stéphane, editor, and Hamonou, Eric, editor

Published
2022
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9. Aerosol and Tropospheric Ozone Direct Radiative Impacts

Author

Mallet, Marc, Nabat, Pierre, di Sarra, Alcide Giorgio, Solmon, Fabien, Gutiérrez, Claudia, Mailler, Sylvain, Menut, Laurent, Kaskaoutis, Dimitris, Rowlinson, Matthew, Rap, Alexandru, Dulac, François, Dulac, François, editor, Sauvage, Stéphane, editor, and Hamonou, Eric, editor

Published
2022
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10. Mass Deposition

Author

Laurent, Benoit, Audoux, Thomas, Bibi, Mariem, Dulac, François, Bergametti, Gilles, Dulac, François, editor, Sauvage, Stéphane, editor, and Hamonou, Eric, editor

Published
2022
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11. Aerosol Optical Properties

Author

Mallet, Marc, Chazette, Patrick, Dulac, François, Formenti, Paola, Di Biagio, Claudia, Denjean, Cyrielle, Chiapello, Isabelle, Dulac, François, editor, Sauvage, Stéphane, editor, and Hamonou, Eric, editor

Published
2022
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13. THE GLAM AIRBORNE CAMPAIGN ACROSS THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN

Author

Ricaud, Philippe, Zbinden, Régina, Catoire, Valéry, Brocchi, Vanessa, Dulac, François, Hamonou, Eric, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, El Amraoui, Laaziz, Massart, Sébastien, Piguet, Bruno, Dayan, Uri, Nabat, Pierre, Sciare, Jean, Ramonet, Michel, Delmotte, Marc, di Sarra, Alcide, Sferlazzo, Damiano, di Iorio, Tatiana, Piacentino, Salvatore, Cristofanelli, Paolo, Mihalopoulos, Nikos, Kouvarakis, Giorgos, Pikridas, Michael, Savvides, Chrysanthos, Mamouri, Rodanthi-Elisavet, Nisantzi, Argyro, Hadjimitsis, Diofantos, Attié, Jean-Luc, Ferré, Hélène, Kangah, Yannick, Jaidan, Nizar, Guth, Jonathan, Jacquet, Patrick, Chevrier, Stéphane, Robert, Claude, Bourdon, Aurélien, Bourdinot, Jean-François, Etienne, Jean-Claude, Krysztofiak, Gisèle, and Theron, Pierre

Published
2018

16. A Modelling Perspective of the Summer 2013 and 2014 ChArMEx/SAFMED Chemistry Intensive Campaigns: Origin of Photo-Oxidant and Aerosol Formation over the Western Mediterranean

Author

Cholakian, Arineh, Beekmann, Matthias, Siour, Guillaume, Petetin, Hervé, Borbon, Agnes, Formenti, Paola, Freney, Evelyne, Gros, Valerie, Jambert, Corinne, Kervern, Jean-Pierre, Marchand, Nicolas, Sauvage, Sébastien, Sciare, Jean, Durand, Pierre, Sellegri, Karine, Hamonou, Eric, Dulac, François, Abarbanel, Henry, Series editor, Braha, Dan, Series editor, Érdi, Péter, Series editor, Friston, Karl, Series editor, Haken, Hermann, Series editor, Jirsa, Viktor, Series editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series editor, Kaneko, Kunihiko, Series editor, Kelso, Scott, Series editor, Kirkilionis, Markus, Series editor, Kurths, Jürgen, Series editor, Nowak, Andrzej, Series editor, Qudrat-Ullah, Hassan, Series editor, Reichl, Linda, Series editor, Schuster, Peter, Series editor, Schweitzer, Frank, Series editor, Sornette, Didier, Series editor, Thurner, Stefan, Series editor, Steyn, Douw G., editor, and Chaumerliac, Nadine, editor

Published
2016
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17. Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Author

de Leeuw, Gerrit, Guieu, Cécile, Arneth, Almuth, Bellouin, Nicolas, Bopp, Laurent, Boyd, Philip W., van der Gon, Hugo A. C. Denier, Desboeufs, Karine V., Dulac, François, Facchini, M. Cristina, Gantt, Brett, Langmann, Baerbel, Mahowald, Natalie M., Marañón, Emilio, O’Dowd, Colin, Olgun, Nazli, Pulido-Villena, Elvira, Rinaldi, Matteo, Stephanou, Euripides G., Wagener, Thibaut, Liss, Peter S., editor, and Johnson, Martin T., editor

Published
2014
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18. Atmospheric Chemistry in the Mediterranean Region ((Vol. 2, From air pollutant sources to impacts)Aerosol optical propertie

Author

Dulac, François, Sauvage, Stéphane, Hamonou, Eric, Mallet, Marc, Chazette, Patrick, Formenti, Paola, Di, Biagio C., Denjean, Cyrielle, Chiapello, Isabelle, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

19. Wet deposition in the remote western and central Mediterranean as a source of trace metals to surface seawater

Author

Desboeufs, Karine, primary, Fu, Franck, additional, Bressac, Matthieu, additional, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, additional, Triquet, Sylvain, additional, Doussin, Jean-François, additional, Giorio, Chiara, additional, Chazette, Patrick, additional, Disnaquet, Julie, additional, Feron, Anaïs, additional, Formenti, Paola, additional, Maisonneuve, Franck, additional, Rodríguez-Romero, Araceli, additional, Zapf, Pascal, additional, Dulac, François, additional, and Guieu, Cécile, additional

Published
2022
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20. Subsurface iron accumulation and rapid aluminum removal in the Mediterranean following African dust deposition

Author

Bressac, Matthieu, primary, Wagener, Thibaut, additional, Leblond, Nathalie, additional, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, additional, Ridame, Céline, additional, Taillandier, Vincent, additional, Albani, Samuel, additional, Guasco, Sophie, additional, Dufour, Aurélie, additional, Jacquet, Stéphanie H. M., additional, Dulac, François, additional, Desboeufs, Karine, additional, and Guieu, Cécile, additional

Published
2021
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25. Supplementary material to "Wet deposition in the remote western and central Mediterranean as a source of trace metals to surface seawater"

Author

Desboeufs, Karine, primary, Fu, Franck, additional, Bressac, Matthieu, additional, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, additional, Triquet, Sylvain, additional, Doussin, Jean-François, additional, Giorio, Chiara, additional, Chazette, Patrick, additional, Disnaquet, Julie, additional, Feron, Anaïs, additional, Formenti, Paola, additional, Maisonneuve, Franck, additional, Rodríguez-Romero, Araceli, additional, Zapf, Pascal, additional, Dulac, François, additional, and Guieu, Cécile, additional

Published
2021
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26. Wet deposition in the remote western and central Mediterranean as a source of trace metals to surface seawater

Author

Desboeufs, Karine, primary, Fu, Franck, additional, Bressac, Matthieu, additional, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, additional, Triquet, Sylvain, additional, Doussin, Jean-François, additional, Giorio, Chiara, additional, Chazette, Patrick, additional, Disnaquet, Julie, additional, Feron, Anaïs, additional, Formenti, Paola, additional, Maisonneuve, Franck, additional, Rodríguez-Romero, Araceli, additional, Zapf, Pascal, additional, Dulac, François, additional, and Guieu, Cécile, additional

Published
2021
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27. Fluxes and sources of nutrient and trace metal atmospheric deposition in the northwestern Mediterranean

Author

Desboeufs, Karine, Bon Nguyen, Elisabeth, Chevaillier, Servanne, Triquet, Sylvain, Dulac, François, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, ChArMEx, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999
Abstract

Total atmospheric deposition was collected on a weekly basis over 3.5 years (March 2008–October 2011) at a remote coastal site on the west coast of Corsica. Deposition time series of macro- and micronutrients (N, P, Si, Fe) and trace metals (As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, V, Zn) are investigated in terms of variability and source apportionment (from fluxes of proxies for aerosol sources (Al, Ti, Ca, Na, Mg, S, Sr, K, Pb)). The highest fluxes are recorded for Si, P, and Fe for nutrients and Zn and Mn for trace metals. For the majority of elements, data show some weeks with high episodic fluxes, except for N, Cr, and V, which present the lowest variability. A total of 12 intense mineral dust deposition events are identified during the sampling period. The contribution of these events to the fluxes of Fe and Si represents 52 % and 57 % of their total fluxes, respectively, confirming the important role of these sporadic dust events in the inputs of these elements in the Mediterranean. For N and P, the contribution of these intense dust deposition events is lower and reaches 10 % and 15 %, respectively. Out of these most intense events, positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to our total deposition database in order to identify the main sources of nutrients and trace metals deposited. Results show that P deposition is mainly associated with anthropogenic biomass burning inputs. For N deposition, inputs associated with marine sources (maybe associated with the reaction of anthropogenic N on NaCl particles) and anthropogenic sources are quasi-similar. A good correlation is obtained between N and S fluxes, supporting a common origin associated with inorganic secondary aerosol, i.e., ammonium sulfate. For trace metals, their origin is very variable: with a large contribution of natural dust sources for Ni or Mn and conversely of anthropogenic sources for V and Zn.

Published
2018

29. Seasonal variation and origins of volatile organic compounds observed during 2 years at a western Mediterranean remote background site (Ersa, Cape Corsica)

Author

Debevec, Cécile, Sauvage, Stephane, Gros, Valérie, Salameh, Thérèse, Sciare, Jean, Dulac, François, Locoge, Nadine, Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

30. Supplementary material to "Subsurface iron accumulation and rapid aluminium removal in the Mediterranean following African dust deposition"

Author

Bressac, Matthieu, primary, Wagener, Thibaut, additional, Leblond, Nathalie, additional, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, additional, Ridame, Céline, additional, Albani, Samuel, additional, Guasco, Sophie, additional, Dufour, Aurélie, additional, Jacquet, Stéphanie, additional, Dulac, François, additional, Desboeufs, Karine, additional, and Guieu, Cécile, additional

Published
2021
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32. Seasonal variation and origins of volatile organic compounds observed during two years at a western Mediterranean remote background site (Ersa, Cape Corsica)

Author

Debevec, Cécile, Sauvage, Stéphane, Gros, Valérie, Salameh, Thérèse, Sciare, Jean, Dulac, François, and Locoge, Nadine

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 13. Climate action, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

An original time series of about 300 atmospheric measurements of a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been obtained at a remote Mediterranean station on the northern tip of Corsica Island (Ersa, France) over 25 months from June 2012 to June 2014. This study presents the seasonal variabilities of 25 selected VOCs, and their various associated sources. The VOC speciation was largely dominated by oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) along with primary anthropogenic VOCs having a long lifetime in the atmosphere. VOC temporal variations are then examined. Primarily of local origin, biogenic VOCs exhibited notable seasonal and interannual variations, related to temperature and solar radiation ones. Anthropogenic compounds have shown an increasing concentration trend in winter (JFM months) followed by a decrease in spring/summer (AMJ/JAS months), and different concentration levels in winter periods of 2013 and 2014. OVOC concentrations were generally higher in summertime, mainly due to secondary and biogenic sources, whereas their concentrations during fall and winter were potentially more influenced by anthropogenic primary/secondary sources. Moreover, an apportionment factorial analysis was applied to a database comprising a selection of 14 primary individual or grouped VOCs by means of the positive matrix factorization (PMF) technique. A PMF solution composed of 5 factors was taken on. It includes a biogenic factor (which contributed 4 % to the total VOC mass), three anthropogenic factors (namely short-lived anthropogenic sources, evaporative sources, and long-lived combustion sources; which together accounted for 57 %), originating from either nearby or more distant emission areas (such as Italy and south of France); and a remaining one (39 %) connected to the regional background pollution. Variations in these main sources impacting VOC concentrations observed at the receptor site are also investigated at seasonal and interannual scales. In spring and summer, VOC concentrations observed at Ersa were the lowest in the 2-yr period, despite higher biogenic source contributions and since anthropogenic sources advected to Ersa were largely influenced by chemical transformations and vertical dispersion phenomena and were mainly of regional origins. During fall and winter, anthropogenic sources showed higher accumulated contributions when European air masses were advected to Ersa and could be associated to potential emission areas located in Italy and possibly more distant ones in central Europe. Higher VOC concentrations during winter 2013 compared to winter 2014 ones could be related to anthropogenic source contribution variations probably governed by emission strength of the main anthropogenic sources identified in this study together with external parameters, i.e. weaker dispersion phenomena and pollutant depletion. High frequency observations collected during several intensive field campaigns conducted at Ersa during the three summers 2012–2014 confirmed findings from bi-weekly samples in terms of summer concentration levels and source apportionment. However, they suggest that higher sampling frequency and temporal resolution, in particular to observe VOC concentrations variation during the daily cycle, are needed to confirm the deconvolution of the different anthropogenic sources identified by PMF approach. Finally, comparisons of the 25 months of observations at Ersa with VOC measurements conducted at 17 other European monitoring stations highlight the representativeness of the Ersa background station for monitoring seasonal variations in VOC regional pollution impacting continental Europe. Nevertheless, winter VOC concentration levels can significantly vary between sites, pointing out spatial variations in anthropogenic source contributions. As a result, Ersa concentration variations in winter were more representative of VOC regional pollution impacting central Europe. Interannual and spatial VOC concentration variations in winter were also significantly impacted by synoptic phenomena influencing meteorological conditions observed in continental Europe, suggesting that short observation periods may reflect the variability of the identified parameters under the specific meteorological conditions of the studied period.

Published
2020

33. Introduction: Process studies at the air–sea interface after atmospheric deposition in the Mediterranean Sea – objectives and strategy of the PEACETIME oceanographic campaign (May–June 2017)

Author

Guieu, Cecile, D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio, Dulac, François, Taillandier, Vincent, DOGLIOLI, Andrea, PETRENKO, Anne, Barrillon, Stéphanie, Mallet, Marc, Nabat, Pierre, Desboeufs, Karine, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de Météorologie de Grande Échelle et Climat (GMGEC), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:QE1-996.5, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Life, lcsh:Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

In spring, the Mediterranean Sea, a well-stratified low-nutrient–low-chlorophyll region, receives atmospheric deposition by both desert dust from the Sahara and airborne particles from anthropogenic sources. Such deposition translates into a supply of new nutrients and trace metals for the surface waters that likely impact biogeochemical cycles. However, the relative impacts of the processes involved are still far from being assessed in situ. After summarizing the knowledge on dust deposition and its impact on the Mediterranean Sea biogeochemistry, we present in this context the objectives and strategy of the PEACETIME project and cruise. Atmospheric and marine in situ observations and process studies have been conducted in contrasted areas encountering different atmospheric deposition context, including a dust deposition event that our dedicated “fast-action” strategy allowed us to catch. Process studies also include artificial dust seeding experiments conducted on board in large tanks in three ecoregions of the open waters of the Mediterranean Sea for the first time. This paper summarizes the work performed at sea and the type of data acquired in the atmosphere, at the air–sea interface and in the water column. An overview of the results presented in papers of this special issue (and in some others published elsewhere) is presented.

Published
2020

34. Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Author

de Leeuw, Gerrit, primary, Guieu, Cécile, additional, Arneth, Almuth, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Bopp, Laurent, additional, Boyd, Philip W., additional, van der Gon, Hugo A. C. Denier, additional, Desboeufs, Karine V., additional, Dulac, François, additional, Facchini, M. Cristina, additional, Gantt, Brett, additional, Langmann, Baerbel, additional, Mahowald, Natalie M., additional, Marañón, Emilio, additional, O’Dowd, Colin, additional, Olgun, Nazli, additional, Pulido-Villena, Elvira, additional, Rinaldi, Matteo, additional, Stephanou, Euripides G., additional, and Wagener, Thibaut, additional

Published
2013
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38. Process studies at the air-sea interface after atmospheric deposition in the Mediterranean Sea: objectives and strategy of the PEACETIME oceanographic campaign (May–June 2017)

Author

Guieu, Cécile, primary, D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio, additional, Dulac, François, additional, Taillandier, Vincent, additional, Doglioli, Andrea, additional, Petrenko, Anne, additional, Barrillon, Stéphanie, additional, Mallet, Marc, additional, Nabat, Pierre, additional, and Desboeufs, Karine, additional

Published
2020
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41. Biogeochemical response of the Mediterranean Sea to the transient SRES-A2 climate change scenario

Author

Richon, Camille, Dutay, Jean-Claude, Bopp, Laurent, Le Vu, Briac, Orr, James, Somot, Samuel, Dulac, François, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, ChArMEx, sense organs, skin and connective tissue diseases, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

International audience; The Mediterranean region is a climate change hotspot. Increasing greenhouse gas emissions are projected to lead to a substantial warming of the Mediterranean Sea as well as major changes in its circulation, but the subsequent effects of such changes on marine biogeochemistry are poorly understood. Here, our aim is to investigate how climate change will affect nutrient concentrations and biological productivity in the Mediterranean Sea. To do so, we perform transient simulations with the coupled high-resolution model NEMOMED8-PISCES using the high-emission IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A2 socioeconomic scenario and corresponding Atlantic, Black Sea, and riverine nutrient inputs. Our results indicate that nitrate is accumulating in the Mediterranean Sea over the 21st century , while phosphorus shows no tendency. These contrasting changes result from an unbalanced nitrogen-to-phosphorus input from riverine discharge and fluxes via the Strait of Gibraltar, which lead to an expansion of phosphorus-limited regions across the Mediterranean. In addition, phytoplankton net primary productivity is reduced by 10 % in the 2090s in comparison to the present state, with reductions of up to 50 % in some regions such as the Aegean Sea as a result of nutrient limitation and vertical stratification. We also perform sensitivity tests to separately study the effects of climate and bio-geochemical input changes on the future state of the Mediter-ranean Sea. Our results show that changes in nutrient supply from the Strait of Gibraltar and from rivers and circulation changes linked to climate change may have antagonistic or synergistic effects on nutrient concentrations and surface primary productivity. In some regions such as the Adriatic Sea, half of the biogeochemical changes simulated during the 21st century are linked with external changes in nutrient input, while the other half are linked to climate change. This study is the first to simulate future transient climate change effects on Mediterranean Sea biogeochemistry but calls for further work to characterize effects from atmospheric deposition and to assess the various sources of uncertainty.

Published
2019

42. Chapter 4. Air quality and climate in the Mediterranean region

Author

Dulac, François and Hamonou, Eric

Subjects
Méditerranée, changement climatique, climatologie, Planning & Development, Economics, gestion de l'environnement, adaptation, ressources naturelles, élevage, écosystème, biodiversité, résilience, prévention, zone méditerranéenne, sécurité alimentaire, BUS072000, RNU, qualité de l'air, ressources en eau, gestion du risque, santé, zone côtière, milieu marin, agriculture
Abstract

Ambient air ranks number one among the natural resources vital to human beings, with an average individual daily need of 12 kg. Due to the specificities of the Mediterranean region (sunny, hot and dry climate; long-range transport converging over the basin), air pollution in reactive compounds over the Mediterranean is often higher than in most European inland regions. Climate change (increase in temperature and drought) and anthropogenic pressure (growing population) should significantly impact the regional air quality. As a result, Mediterranean inhabitants who are already regularly exposed to pollutant loads well above WHO air quality recommendations will be further exposed, resulting in an excess of premature deaths. Exposure monitoring and win-win strategies should be developed in the future both to improve air quality and develop a low carbon economy. The evolution of emissions under climate change is not always clear and much uncertainty remains around present emissions from large urban-industrial centers, although recent progress has been made on emissions of the different regional sources of pollutants. It has been established that the regional climate and water cycle are affected by atmospheric chemistry. By reducing solar radiation at the surface, aerosols reduce the yearly average precipitation in the Mediterranean by 10%, which is a major issue since water is already scarce. Aerosols could further reduce precipitations by reducing the size of cloud droplets or through the formation of cloud droplets and ice crystals. Moreover, recent in situ and model experiments indicate that anthropogenic nitrogen and desert dust phosphorus deposition in nutrient-depleted surface seawater favors phytoplankton development, which stimulates the sink of atmospheric CO2 into marine sediments. But Saharan dust deposition by rain also stimulates bacterial growth, which reemits CO2. The net effect of desert dust deposition at large scales needs to be established. L’air est sans aucun doute la ressource naturelle la plus essentielle à l’homme: chaque jour 12 kg d’air sont nécessaires à sa survie. Du fait des spécificités de la région méditerranéenne (climat ensoleillé, chaud et sec; convergence de masses d’air d’horizons lointains), la pollution de l’air en espèces réactives y est souvent plus forte que dans la plupart de l’Europe continentale. Les changements climatiques (augmentation des sécheresses et de la température) et la pression démographique devraient dégrader encore la qualité de l’air. En conséquence, les habitants de la Méditerranée qui sont déjà régulièrement soumis à des niveaux de pollution bien au-dessus des recommandations de l’OMS devraient se trouver plus exposés encore, ce qui engendrera une surmortalité. Un meilleur suivi de l’exposition des habitants et des solutions «gagnant-gagnant» devraient être mises en place dans le but d’améliorer la qualité de l’air et de s’engager dans une économie décarbonée. Les conséquences des changements climatiques sur les émissions de polluants par les principales sources régionales ne sont pas toujours très claires. Il a été établi que le climat régional et le cycle de l’eau sont altérés par la chimie de l’atmosphère. En réduisant le flux solaire en surface, les aérosols réduisent les précipitations moyennes annuelles de 10% en moyenne sur le bassin méditerranéen, réduisant un peu plus une ressource déjà rare. Les aérosols pourraient réduire plus encore les précipitations en réduisant la taille des gouttes d’eau dans les nuages ou en agissant sur la formation de cristaux de glaces. Par ailleurs, de récentes expériences indiquent que le dépôt atmosphérique d’azote et le phosphore issu des poussières désertiques à la surface des eaux pauvres en nutriments de la Méditerranée favorise le développement du phytoplancton activant par la même occasion l’absorption de CO2 par l’océan. Cependant, il a aussi été observé que le dépôt de poussières favorise le développement de bactéries qui elles-mêmes rejettent du CO2 du fait de la respiration. L’effet net du dépôt de ces poussières à grande échelle reste à établir.

Published
2018

43. The Mediterranean region under climate change

Author

A. Osman, Mona, Aboul-Naga, Adel, Adallal, Rachid, Aderghal, Mohamed, Afif, Charbel, Alary, Véronique, Alifriqui, Mohamed, Alkama, Rezak, Alleaume, Samuel, Alpert, Pinhas, Ancona, Carla, Annabi, Mohamed, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Anquetin, Sandrine, Ardilouze, Constantin, Auclair, Laurent, Aumeeruddy-Thomas, Yildiz, Azuara, Julien, B. Nicolas, José, Badri, Wadi, Bailly, Alicia, Baldy, Virginie, Bard, Edouard, Barouki, Robert, Barre, Philippe, Bassetti, Maria-Angela, Batté, Lauriane, Baudoin, Ezekiel, Beekmann, Matthias, Belhimer, Ammar, Benaïssa, Fatima, Benedetti, Fabio, Benjelloun, Badr, Benkaddour, Abdel, Ben Rais Lasram, Frida, Bergametti, Gilles, Berger, Jean-François, Bernoux, Martial, Beveren, Elisabeth Van, Bissonnais, Yves Le, Blanchet, Juliette, Blanfuné, Aurélie, Boissard, Christophe, Bonnet, Pascal, Boone, Aaron, Borbon, Agnès, Borga, Marco, Boudevillain, Brice, Bouet, Christel, Boulet, Gilles, Bounouara, Zohra, Bou Dagher, Magda, Brahim, Nadhem, Bras, Jean-Philippe, Braud, Isabelle, Briche, Elodie, Brousseau, Pierre, Cardinael, Rémi, Carozza, Jean-Michel, Carozza, Laurent, Cavicchia, Leone, Chapron, Emmanuel, Charef, Mohamed, Charki, Abderafi, Chenu, Claire, Chevallier, Tiphaine, Chiraz, Belhadj Kheder, Chotte, Jean-Luc, Colette, Augustin, Coll, Marta, Combourieu-Nebout, Nathalie, Coppola, Erika, Costes, Evelyne, Cournac, Laurent, Courp, Thierry, Cozannet, Gonéri Le, Cramer, Wolfgang, Creutin, Jean-Dominique, Dahech, Salem, Dakhlaoui, Hamouda, Daoud, Ibrahim, Darmaraki, Sofia, Darras, Sabine, Dayan, Uri, Débevec, Cécile, Delon, Claire, Delrieu, Guy, Déqué, Michel, Derridj, Arezki, Desboeufs, Karine, Dezileau, Laurent, Diakakis, Michalis, Di Sarra, Alcide, Dollé, Vincent, Doraï, Kamel, Dounias, Edmond, Douvinet, Johnny, Driouech, Fatima, Drobinski, Philippe, Ducrocq, Véronique, Dulac, François, Duponnois, Robin, Dupret, Baudouin, Durand, Pierre, Dusanter, Sébastien, D’Anna, Barbara, Elyazami, Driss, El Mehdi Saidi, Mohamed, Fady, Bruno, Fakir, Younes, Farah, Wehbeh, Fehri, Noômène, Fernandez, Catherine, Fischer, Claude, Flaounas, Emmanouil, Forastiere, Francesco, Formenti, Paola, Forslund, Agneta, Fourrié, Nadia, François Boudouresque, Charles, Galiana, Antoine, Gallali, Tahar, Garcia, Marta, Gaume, Eric, Gauquelin, Thierry, Geniez, Philippe, Genin, Didier, Genty, Dominique, Ghilardi, Matthieu, Gourley, Jonathan, Gros, Valérie, Gualdi, Silvio, Guégan, Jean-François, Guilhaumon, François, Guiot, Joël, Hachicha, Mohamed, Haddouch, Hassan, Hafidi, Mohamed, Haité, Hakima El, Halouani, Ghassen, Hamdi, Salwa, Hamdi-Aissa, Baelhadj, Hamonou, Eric, Hanich, Lahoucine, Harzallah, Ali, Hattab, Tarek, Hebert, Bertil, Himbert, Marc, Hmimsa, Younes, Hochman, Assaf, Hugot, Laetitia, Jalali, Bassem, Jambert, Corinne, Jarlan, Lionel, Javelle, Pierre, Joffre, Richard, Jorda, Gabriel, Jouve, Guillaume, Kallel, Nejib, Kallida, Rajae, Kathra, Nabil Ben, Khabba, Saïd, Khadari, Bouchaib, Khatteli, Houcine, Kotroni, Vassilki, Kuzucuoglu, Catherine, Labiadh, Mohamed, Lacroix, Denis, Lang, Michel, Lasram, Frida Ben Rais, Lasseur, Jacques, Lathière, Juliette, Laurent, Benoît, Leduc, Christian, Legave, Jean-Michel, Leriche, Maud, Lespez, Laurent, Le Loc’H, François, Li, Laurent, Lili-Chabaane, Zohra, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lionello, Piero, Liousse, Catherine, Llasat, Maria Carmen, Locoge, Nadine, Loc’H, François Le, Loireau, Maud, Longepierre, Damien, Lutoff, Céline, Mailler, Sylvain, Malinowski, Dariusz, Mallet, Marc, Manceron, Stéphane, Maouche, Said, Marchi, Lorenzo, Marcos, Marta, Martin, Eric, Martin, Luc, Martin, Nicolas, Marty, Pascal, Marty, Pauline, Massuel, Sylvain, Médail, Frédéric, Mekki, Insaf, Mellas, Samira, Menad, Wahiba, Menut, Laurent, Michon, Geneviève, Michoud, Vincent, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, Moatti, Jean-Paul, Mohamed Zaghloul, Alaa, Molénat, Jérôme, Molinié, Gilles, Monier, Marie, Montagna, Paulo, Montoroi, Jean-Pierre, Morillon, Raphaël, Mouaqit, Mohamed, Mouël, Chantal Le, Mouillot, Florent, Moukhli, Abdelmajid, Moullec, Fabien, Mrad Nakhlé, Myriam, Munoz, François, Nabat, Pierre, Nasrallah, Wafa, Neppel, Luc, Norton, Mark, Ouahmane, Lahcen, Ouelhazi, Bahri, Öztürk, Fatma, Page, Michel Le, Payrastre, Olivier, Planton, Serge, Podwojewski, Pascal, Pradel, Roger, Prévot, Laurent, Prin, Yves, Pulido Bosch, Antonio, Quintana-Seguí, Pere, Raclot, Damien, Raimbault, Patrick, Rajot, Jean-Louis, Ramadan Ali, Rafat, Rambal, Serge, Regnard, Jean-Luc, Remini, Boualem, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Rhaz, Khalid EL, Rhoujjati, Ali, Ricaud, Philippe, Richard, Franck, Ruelland, Denis, Ruin, Isabelle, Sabir, Mohamed, Saint-Martin, Clotilde, Salah, Ehab, Salameh, Thérèse, Sánchez, Enrique, Sanguin, Hervé, Saraux, Claire, Sartelet, Karine, Satta, Alessio, Sauvage, Stéphane, Schatz, Bertrand, Schmitt, Bertrand, Sciare, Jean, Scolobig, Anna, Sellegri, Karine, Shin, Yunne-Jai, Sicard, Michaël, Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine, Silva, Anne Da, Simenel, Romain, Simmoneau, Anaëlle, Slimani, Said, Snoussi, Maria, Solmon, Fabien, Somot, Samuel, Sonzogni, Corinne, Soussana, Jean-François, Stafoggia, Massimo, Sylvestre, Florence, Szczypta, Camille, Tachikawa, Kazuyo, Taschen, Elisa, Thibaut, Thierry, Thibon, Maxime, Thiébault, Stéphanie, Torquebiau, Emmanuel, Tramblay, Yves, Valentin, Christian, Vallet-Coulomb, Christine, Vanniere, Boris, Vennetier, Michel, Verlaque, Marc, Vicente-Serrano, Sergio, Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Vidal, Laurence, Vinet, Freddy, Viry, Elisabeth, Vogt-Schilb, Hélène, Volaire, Florence, Voltz, Marc, Waked, Antoine, Wattrelot, Eric, Yazami, Driss El, Zaher, Hayat, Zappa, Massimiliano, Zbinden, Régina, Zitouna-Chebbi, Rim, Zribi, Mehrez, Moatti, Jean-Paul, and Thiébault, Stéphane

Subjects
Méditerranée, Allenvi, changement climatique, climatic change, RNK, Environmental Studies, COP22, Mediterranean, NAT011000
Abstract

This book has been published by Allenvi (French National Alliance for Environmental Research) to coincide with the 22nd Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP22) in Marrakesh. It is the outcome of work by academic researchers on both sides of the Mediterranean and provides a remarkable scientific review of the mechanisms of climate change and its impacts on the environment, the economy, health and Mediterranean societies. It will also be valuable in developing responses that draw on “scientific evidence” to address the issues of adaptation, resource conservation, solutions and risk prevention. Reflecting the full complexity of the Mediterranean environment, the book is a major scientific contribution to the climate issue, where various scientific considerations converge to break down the boundaries between disciplines.

Published
2018

44. Wet deposition in the remote western and central Mediterranean as a source of trace metals to surface seawater.

Author

Desboeufs, Karine, Fu, Franck, Bressac, Matthieu, Tovar-Sánchez, Antonio, Triquet, Sylvain, Doussin, Jean-François, Giorio, Chiara, Chazette, Patrick, Disnaquet, Julie, Feron, Anaïs, Formenti, Paola, Maisonneuve, Franck, Rodríguez-Romero, Araceli, Zapf, Pascal, Dulac, François, and Guieu, Cécile

Abstract

This study reports the only recent characterisation of two contrasted wet deposition eve31 nts collected during the PEACETIME cruise in the Mediterranean open seawater, and their impact on trace metals (TMS) marine stocks. Rain samples were analysed for Al, 12 trace metals (TMs hereafter, including Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, V and Zn) and nutrients (N, P, DOC) concentrations. The first rain sample collected in the Ionian Sea (rain ION) was a wet typical regional background deposition event whereas the second rain collected in the Algerian Basin (rain FAST) was a Saharan dust wet deposition. The concentrations of TMs in the two rain samples were significantly lower compared to concentrations in rains collected at coastal sites reported in the literature, suggesting either less anthropogenic influence in the remote Mediterranean environment, or decreased emissions during the last decades in the Mediterranean Sea. The TMs inventories in the surface microlayer and mixed layer (0-20m) at ION and FAST stations before and after the events, compared to atmospheric fluxes, showed that the atmospheric inputs were a significant source of particulate TMs for both layers. At the scale of the western and central Mediterranean, the atmospheric inputs were of the same order of magnitude as marine stocks within the ML for dissolved Fe, Co and Zn, underlining the role of the atmosphere in their biogeochemical cycle in the stratified Mediterranean Sea. In case of intense wet dust deposition event, the contribution of atmospheric inputs could be critical for dissolved stocks of the majority of TMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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45. Overview of atmospheric composition in Western Mediterranean during PEACETIME cruise

Author

Desboeufs, Karine, Doussin, Jean-Francois, Giorio, Chiara, Triquet, Sylvain, Fu, Yinghe, Riffault, Véronique, Dulac, François, Féron, Anaïs, Maisonneuve, Franck, Siour, Guillaume, Zapf, Pascal, Guieu, Cecile, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche [Padova], Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Riffault, Véronique, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS] Physics [physics]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

46. Observation of a very large and persistent mode of desert dust in African air masses transported over the Mediterranean Sea with drifting balloons

Author

Dulac, François, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Durand, Pierre, Denjean, Cyrielle, Bourgeois, Quentin, Vignelles, Damien, Jeannot, Matthieu, Mallet, Marc, Verdier, Nicolas, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

International audience; The objective of this study was to document in situ the particle size distribution of desert dust particles during their long-range transport in the free troposphere, with a particular focus on the coarse size fraction that dominates the mass flux. The basic idea was to deploy a specifically designed optical particle counter/sizer named LOAC (Light Optical Aerosol Counter/sizer) under drifting balloons in order to minimize isokinetic sampling problems. Boundary-layer pressurized balloons (BLBPs) were launched on alert in the western Mediterranean basin in the framework of the Chemistry and Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx) field campaigns, allowing us to perform original quasi-Lagrangian monitoring of desert dust aerosols over the sea. We illustrate tests and validations of LOAC measurements performed to qualify the instrument that include comparisons with concurrent aircraft and tethered balloon measurements, and remote sensing measurements including an AERONET sun-photometer, and a ground-based and the CALIOP lidar systems. As many as 10 LOAC flights were successfully conducted, mainly from Minorca Isl., Spain, during 4 Saharan dust transport events, with BLPBs drifting at altitudes between 2.0 and 3.3 km above sea level. The longest flight exceeded 700 km and lasted more than 25 h. Aerosol optical depths in the balloon vicinity did not exceed about 0.4 but the presence of turbid dust layers was confirmed thanks to dual scattering angle measurements by LOAC allowing the identification of dust particles. LOAC data from BLBPs could generally be fitted by a 3-mode lognormal distribution at roughly 0.2, 4 and 30 µm in modal diameter. Up to about 0.0001 dust particles per cubic cm larger than 40 µm are reported and no significant evolution of the size distribution was observed during the flights whereas we were expecting to observe gravitational sedimentation of the largest particle size fraction. We also flown LOAC under meteorological sounding balloons during those events to document the dust vertical distribution. Shorter integration time limits the sensitivity to large particles but their presence was confirmed in dust layers. Large particle were also occasionally observed during routine LOAC soundings at Aire-sur-l'Adour in southwestern France. The presence and persistence of a 'giant' mode at about 30 µm in diameter even after several days of transport contradicts calculations of particles sedimentation velocity. From an indirect evidence of the presence of charged particles derived from the LOAC measurements, we speculate that electrical forces might counteract gravitational settling of the coarse particles. More details can be found in the ChArMEx Special Issue (https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/special_issue334.html; see Renard et al. papers).

Published
2018

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