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151 results on '"Duguay, C."'

1. The effect of substrate deposition temperature on the electrical and optical properties of C60 thin films.

Author

Samad, B. Abdel, Belanger, É., and Duguay, C.

Subjects
THIN films, OPTICAL properties, OPTICAL films, OPTICAL constants, PERMITTIVITY
Abstract

We report the effects of the substrate deposition temperature on the photovoltaic performance of fullerene (C60) thin films. These thin films were deposited via thermal evaporation at substrate temperatures from 20 to 250 °C. The optical and electrical properties of the films were dependent on the substrate deposition temperature, and improvements in film optical properties were noted for certain temperatures. Both the optical constants n and k and the dielectric constants show theoretical and experimental decreases with the substrate temperature due to the creation of crystalline structures in the thin films. Despite differences between the theoretical and experimental optical constants, the nature of the decrease is similar. The film porosity calculated from the optical constants increased more than 50% for greater substrate temperatures. The conductivity of the films also increased with the substrate temperature and the activation energy ranged from 0.25 to 0.31 eV. We demonstrate an increased energy gap with temperature using a Tauc-plot, and the photopic and solar transmittances improved with the increased substrate temperature during deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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2. STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2011 Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 93, No. 7, July 2012

Author

Achberger, C, Ackerman, SA, Ahmed, FH, Albanil-Encarnacion, A, Alfaro, EJ, Alves, LM, Allan, R, Amador, JA, Ambenje, P, Antoine, MD, Antonov, J, Arevalo, J, Arndt, DS, Ashik, I, Atheru, Z, Baccini, A, Baez, J, Banzon, V, Baringer, MO, Barreira, S, Barriopedro, DE, Bates, JJ, Becker, A, Behrenfeld, MJ, Bell, GD, Benedetti, A, Bernhard, G, Berrisford, P, Berry, DI, Beszczynska-Moeller, A, Bhatt, US, Bidegain, M, Bieniek, P, Birkett, C, Bissolli, P, Blake, ES, Blunden, J, Boudet-Rouco, D, Box, JE, Boyer, T, Braathen, GO, Brackenridge, GR, Brohan, P, Bromwich, DH, Brown, L, Brown, R, Bruhwiler, L, Bulygina, ON, Burrows, J, Calderon, B, Camargo, SJ, Cappellen, J, Carmack, E, Carrasco, G, Chambers, DP, Christiansen, HH, Christy, J, Chung, D, Ciais, P, Coehlo, CAS, Colwell, S, Comiso, J, Cretaux, J-F, Crouch, J, Cunningham, SA, De Jeu, RAM, Demircan, M, Derksen, C, Diamond, HJ, Dlugokencky, EJ, Dohan, K, Dolman, AJ, Dorigo, WA, Drozdov, DS, Duguay, C, Dutton, E, Dutton, GS, Elkins, JW, Epstein, HE, Famiglietti, JS, Fanton d'Andon, OH, Feely, RA, Fekete, BM, Fenimore, C, Fernandez-Prieto, D, Fields, E, Fioletov, V, Fogt, RL, Folland, C, Foster, MJ, Frajka-Williams, E, Franz, BA, Frey, K, Frith, SH, Frolov, I, Frost, GV, Ganter, C, Garzoli, S, Gitau, W, and Gleason, KL

Published
2012

3. Wind redistribution of snow impacts the Ka- and Ku-band radar signatures of Arctic sea ice

Author

Nandan, V., Willatt, R., Mallett, R., Stroeve, J., Geldsetzer, T., Scharien, R., Tonboe, R., Yackel, J., Landy, J., Clemens-Sewall, D., Jutila, A., Wagner, D. N., Krampe, D., Huntemann, M., Mahmud, M., Jensen, D., Newman, T., Hendricks, S., Spreen, G., Macfarlane, A., Schneebeli, M., Mead, J., Ricker, R., Gallagher, M., Duguay, C., Raphael, I., Polashenski, C., Tsamados, M., Matero, I., and Hoppmann, M.

Subjects
SDG 13 - Climate Action
Abstract

Wind-driven redistribution of snow on sea ice alters its topography and microstructure, yet the impact of these processes on radar signatures is poorly understood. Here, we examine the effects of snow redistribution over Arctic sea ice on radar waveforms and backscatter signatures obtained from a surface-based, fully polarimetric Ka- and Ku-band radar at incidence angles between 0∘ (nadir) and 50∘. Two wind events in November 2019 during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition are evaluated. During both events, changes in Ka- and Ku-band radar waveforms and backscatter coefficients at nadir are observed, coincident with surface topography changes measured by a terrestrial laser scanner. At both frequencies, redistribution caused snow densification at the surface and the uppermost layers, increasing the scattering at the air–snow interface at nadir and its prevalence as the dominant radar scattering surface. The waveform data also detected the presence of previous air–snow interfaces, buried beneath newly deposited snow. The additional scattering from previous air–snow interfaces could therefore affect the range retrieved from Ka- and Ku-band satellite altimeters. With increasing incidence angles, the relative scattering contribution of the air–snow interface decreases, and the snow–sea ice interface scattering increases. Relative to pre-wind event conditions, azimuthally averaged backscatter at nadir during the wind events increases by up to 8 dB (Ka-band) and 5 dB (Ku-band). Results show substantial backscatter variability within the scan area at all incidence angles and polarizations, in response to increasing wind speed and changes in wind direction. Our results show that snow redistribution and wind compaction need to be accounted for to interpret airborne and satellite radar measurements of snow-covered sea ice.

Published
2023
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5. Forward simulations of radar backscatter and brightness temperature from lake ice, and comparison with measurements from satellite altimetry missions

Author

Duguay, C., Murfitt, J., Picard, G., Zakharova, E., Restano, M., and Benveniste, J.

Abstract

Lake ice thickness (LIT) and lake water level (LWL) are two thematic products of lakes as an Essential Climate Variable (ECV). Lake water levels are routinely estimated using radar measurements from satellite altimetry missions, but the retrieval of LIT from such missions is relatively new. While there is growing interest in the production of climate data records of LIT through the processing of historical time series, there is a need to examine the impact of varying ice and overlying snow properties on radar altimetry and microwave radiometry measurements through full ice seasons. There is also recent realization that the presence of ice cover on lakes has an impact on the quality of LWL estimates for several weeks/months of the year. Thin ice during initial ice formation, the absence of snow on the ice surface, the presence of deformation features (i.e. cracks in the ice and pressure ridges), and snow/ice melt onset introduce uncertainty in the retrieval of LIT and LWL from state-of-the-art algorithms.This talk will present results from a study that examined the sensitivity of radar backscatter and microwave brightness temperature measurements from satellite altimetry missions to varying snow and ice properties on large northern lakes. The presentation will cover results from: 1) forward modelling experiments of brightness temperature (18-37 GHz) and backscatter/waveforms (3-36 GHz) using the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer (SMRT) model linked to a thermodynamic lake ice model; and 2) the comparison of forward simulations of radar backscatter and brightness temperature with measurements from Sentinel-3 and Jason-3 missions., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Published
2023
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10. Variability and change in the Canadian cryosphere

Author

Derksen, C., Smith, S. L., Sharp, M., Brown, L., Howell, S., Copland, L., Mueller, D. R., Gauthier, Y., Fletcher, C. G., Tivy, A., Bernier, M., Bourgeois, J., Brown, R., Burn, C. R., Duguay, C., Kushner, P., Langlois, A., Lewkowicz, A. G., Royer, A., and Walker, A.

Published
2012
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14. Delivering the Lake Essential Climate VariableAn update from ESA CCI Lakes

Author

Bresciani, Mariano, Pinardi, Monica, Giardino, Claudia, Free, G., Simis, S., Cretaux, J-F, Merchant, C., Yesou, H., Duguay, C., and Coulon, B.

Abstract

Poster at CLIMRISK19, Trento TheLakesCCIprojectispartoftheClimateChangeInitiative(CCI)EuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)andrunforthreeyears. Mainobjectiveistoexploitsatellitedatatocreatethelargestandlongestpossibleconsistent,globalrecordofthefivelakevariables:lakewaterlevel(LWL),extent(LWE),temperature(LSWT),surface-leavingreflectance(LWLR),andicecover(LIC).

Published
2019
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15. Imagerie par tomographie X pour la caractérisation microstructurale de combustibles UO$_2$

Author

Meynard, J., Mihail Garajeu, Masson, R., Bornert, M., Duguay, C., Monnier, A., CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique [Marseille] (LMA ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études de Matériaux Céramiques pour le Conditionnement (LM2C), MISTRAL-Lab, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)

Subjects
[PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]
Abstract

International audience; Les céramiques de dioxyde d'uranium (UO$_2$) sont utilisées comme combustible pour les Réacteurs à Eau Pressurisée duparc électronucléaire français. La microstructure poreuse de ces combustibles peut être représentée par une famille depores de forme quasi-sphérique et un réseau de pores de type filamentaire. Cette microstructure est pilotée par le procédéde fabrication des combustibles UO$_2$.L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer la microstructure 3D de ces matériaux par tomographie X. Cette étude s’inscrit dansle cadre de la caractérisation de l’influence de la microstructure sur la conductivité thermique de ces combustibles UO$_2$.L’obtention par tomographie X d’images exploitables reste complexe pour ces échantillons très absorbants (densitéthéorique de 10,97 g/cm$^3$). A l’aide de deux campagnes de tomographie menées au laboratoire Navier, le réseau deporosité d’échantillons UO$_2$ a pu être observé. Une caractérisation des différentes familles de porosité a été réalisée àpartir des images traitées.

Published
2019

17. The catastrophic thermokarst lake drainage events of 2018 in northwestern Alaska: fast-forward into the future

Author

Nitze, Ingmar, Cooley, S. W., Duguay, C. R., Jones, B. M., Grosse, Guido, Nitze, Ingmar, Cooley, S. W., Duguay, C. R., Jones, B. M., and Grosse, Guido

Abstract

Northwestern Alaska has been highly affected by changing climatic patterns with new temperature and precipitation maxima over the recent years. In particular, the Baldwin and northern Seward peninsulas are characterized by an abundance of thermokarst lakes that are highly dynamic and prone to lake drainage like many other regions at the southern margins of continuous permafrost. We used Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Planet CubeSat optical remote sensing data to analyze recently observed widespread lake drainage. We then used synoptic weather data, climate model outputs and lake ice growth simulations to analyze potential drivers and future pathways of lake drainage in this region. Following the warmest and wettest winter on record in 2017/2018, 192 lakes were identified as having completely or partially drained by early summer 2018, which exceeded the average drainage rate by a factor of ∼ 10 and doubled the rates of the previous extreme lake drainage years of 2005 and 2006. The combination of abundant rain- and snowfall and extremely warm mean annual air temperatures (MAATs), close to 0 ∘C, may have led to the destabilization of permafrost around the lake margins. Rapid snow melt and high amounts of excess meltwater further promoted rapid lateral breaching at lake shores and consequently sudden drainage of some of the largest lakes of the study region that have likely persisted for millennia. We hypothesize that permafrost destabilization and lake drainage will accelerate and become the dominant drivers of landscape change in this region. Recent MAATs are already within the range of the predictions by the University of Alaska Fairbanks' Scenarios Network for Alaska and Arctic Planning (UAF SNAP) ensemble climate predictions in scenario RCP6.0 for 2100. With MAAT in 2019 just below 0 ∘C at the nearby Kotzebue, Alaska, climate station, permafrost aggradation in drained lake basins will become less likely after drainage, strongly decreasing the potenti

Published
2020

18. Postmarketing Evaluation of Drugs

Author

Banzet, M.N., Blachier, C., Blin, P., Bouhassira, M., Bouvenot, G., Bréart, G., Daurès, J.P., de Cremiers, F., Duguay, C., Eschwege, E., Fagnani, F., Fontbonne-Bayner, A., Giri, I., Hotton, J.M., Ichou, F., Jolliet, P., Joubert, J.M., Koen, R., Lagarde, D., Le Jeunne, C., Leutenegger, E., Marquet, T., Massol, J., Meyer, F., Micallef, J., Paulmier-Bigot, S., Ploin, P.F., Ract, Y., Rauss, A., Ricatte, M., Sainte-Marie, H., Tardieu, S., Vesque, D., Vetel, J.M., Vray, M., Watteau, P., Le Galès, Catherine, El Hasnaoui, Abdelkader, and Goehrs, Jean-Marie

Published
2003
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19. Evaluation des médicaments après la commercialisation

Author

Banzet, M.N., Blachier, C., Blin, P., Bouhassira, M., Bouvenot, G., Bréart, G., Daurès, J.P., de Cremiers, F., Duguay, C., Eschwege, E., Fagnani, F., Fontbonne-Bayner, A., Giri, I., Hotton, J.M., Ichou, F., Jolliet, P., Joubert, J.M., Koen, R., Lagarde, D., Le Jeunne, C., Leutenegger, E., Marquet, T., Massol, J., Meyer, F., Micallef, J., Paulmier-Bigot, S., Ploin, P.F., Ract, Y., Rauss, A., Ricatte, M., Sainte-Marie, H., Tardieu, S., Vesque, D., Vetel, J.M., Vray, M., Watteau, P., Le Galès, Catherine, El Hasnaoui, Abdelkader, and Goehrs, Jean-Marie

Published
2003
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21. Porosity dependence of thermal conductivity in UO$_2$ nuclear fuels

Author

Meynard, J., Garajeu, M., Masson, R., Bornert, Michel, Duguay, C., Monnier, A., CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Navier (navier umr 8205), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), MISTRAL-Lab, and Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], thermal conductivity, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Porosity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, UO$_2$
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

22. Caractérisation du réseau de porosité d'une céramique de dioxyde d'uranium en vue de la modélisation de sa conductivité thermique

Author

Meynard, J., Masson, R., Garajeu, M., BORNERT, Michel, Duguay, C., Monnier, A., CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire Navier (navier umr 8205), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MISTRAL-Lab, École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), and CADARACHE, Bibliothèque

Subjects
[PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], CONDUCTIVITE, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], CERAMIQUE, THERMIQUE
Abstract

Journée de présentation des thèses de l'ED353, Marseille, FRANCE, 30-/05/2018 - 30/05/2018

Published
2018

24. Caracterisation d'un reseau de porosite d'une ceramique de dioxide d'uranium en vue de la modelisation de sa conductivite thermique

Author

Meynard, Jv., Masson, R., Garajeu, M., Bornert, Michel, Duguay, C., Monnier, A., CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), LMA, Laboratoire Navier (navier umr 8205), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), MISTRAL-Lab, and Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Caracterisation, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], ceramique, dioxyde uranium, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], porosite
Abstract

National audience; Les céramiques UO2 obtenues par frittage possèdent une microstructure composée d’une matrice solide d’UO2 et deux familles de porosités (l’une avec des pores de forme sphérique et l’autre avec des pores lenticulaires). Les paramètres de fabrication des combustibles alternatifs sont différents de ceux des combustibles standards utilisés dans les Réacteurs à Eau Pressurisée (REP), ce qui entraîne une modification de la microstructure du matériau, notamment au niveau du réseau de porosité lenticulaire. Les modèles semi-empiriques usuels de type Maxwell-Eucken (établis pour des combustibles standards) ne sont pas représentatifs de l’influence de la microstructure sur la conductivité thermique des combustibles alternatifs

Published
2018

25. Thermal diffusivity measurements on UO$_2$ fuels with the flash method

Author

Duguay, C., Soulon, M., CADARACHE, Bibliothèque, CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Thermal diffusivity, uranium, [PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], ceramic, flash method, nuclear fuel, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]
Abstract

International audience; Thermal conductivity of the nuclear fuel :-A key parameter to understand the performance of the fuel under irradiation-Highly dependent on microstructure, porosity and its distribution -Influences almost all important processes such as fission gas release, swellingKnowledge of the nuclear fuel thermal conductivity (derived from a thermal diffusivity measurement):- A fundamental data for a better prediction of fuel performance in reactor - Must be measured accurately (including a reliable uncertainty assessment

Published
2018

26. Qualification d'un granulo-morphomètre optique par analyse d'images en vue de caractériser des poudres nucléaires à base d'uranium

Author

Duguay, C., Marie, A., Soulon, M., CADARACHE, Bibliothèque, CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
analyse d'images, [PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], poudre, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], morphologie, [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], granulométrie, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], qualification, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

27. Effect of testing conditions on the diffusivity measurements of nuclear fuels via the flash method

Author

Duguay, C., Soulon, M., Sibaud, L., CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), China Earthquake Administration (CEA), and amplexor, amplexor

Subjects
[PHYS.NUCL] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Thermal diffusivity, uranium, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], [PHYS.NEXP] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], flash method, ceramic, nuclear fuel, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex]
Abstract

International audience; The nuclear fuel is a ceramic produced by powder metallurgy route. The knowledge of its thermal conductivity is a fundamental data for a better prediction of the fuel performance in reactor. The thermal conductivity is derived from a thermal diffusivity measurement, whose value may be affected by parameters such as the origin of the powders, the fabrication process used, the fraction of porosity of the sintered fuel....and must be measured accurately.Within the Fuel Studies Department, the Uranium Fuels Laboratory has acquired a thermal diffusivity Light Flash Apparatus (LFA HyperFlash 467, manufactured by the Netzsch company) to complete its range of characterization capabilities devoted to nuclear fuels.The device implements the flash method, which is a standard method for measuring the thermal diffusivity. The test consists of subjecting the lower surface of a small and thin sample, with plane and parallel faces, to an energy pulse of very short duration (provided here by a xenon flash lamp). The resulting temperature rise (thermogram) is recorded on the opposite upper face of the sample (using here an InSb infrared detector cooled with liquid nitrogen).The thermal diffusivity value is inferred from the interpretation of the thermal curve. The analysis software provides different theoretical models (such as those of Cowan and Cape-Lehman) for the interpretation of the experimental thermograms.Measurements can be performed up to 500DC under controlled atmosphere. Several samples (up to 16, depending on their geometry) can be characterized in a single test.In the present work, aiming at a better understanding of the factors that affect thermal diffusivity measurements using the flash method, the effect of parameters related either to the specimen (coating, thickness, porosity,) or to the operational conditions were investigated on uranium-based ceramics.

Published
2017

34. The Canadian Consortium for Arctic Data Interoperability: An Emerging Polar Information Network.

Author

CHRISTOFFERSEN, SHANNON, MURRAY, M., ARTHURS, D., BARNARD, C., CARPENDALE, S., CHU, B., DUGUAY, C., FOREST, A., HAYES, A., LEDREW, E., LIANG, S., NICKELS, S., PAPAKYRIAKOU, T., PARROTT, J., PULSIFER, P., REIS, C., SCASSA, T., SOKOL, J., TAYLOR, F., and VINCENT, W.

Subjects
DATA management, INTERNETWORKING, INFORMATION sharing, METADATA
Abstract

Established in 2015, the Canadian Consortium for Arctic Data Interoperability (CCADI) is an emerging initiative to develop an integrated Canadian arctic data management system that will facilitate information discovery, establish metadata and data sharing standards, enable interoperability among existing data infrastructures, and that will be accessible to a broad audience of users. Key to the CCADI vision are: standards and mechanisms for metadata interoperability and semantic interoperability; a distributed data exchange platform; streamlined data services with common entry, access, search, match, analysis, visualization and output tools; an intellectual property and sensitive data service; and data stewardship capacity. This will be a particularly challenging set of tasks given that the data planned for inclusion is multidisciplinary, in multiple types that range from sensor data to material artifacts, and, in some cases, confidential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018

35. STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2011 Special Supplement to the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 93, No. 7, July 2012

Author

Arndt, D. S., Blunden, J., Willett, K. M., Dolman, A. J., Hall, B. D., Thorne, P. W., Gregg, M. C., Newlin, M. L., Xue, Y., Hu, Z., Kumar, A., Banzon, V., Smith, T. M., Rayner, N. A., Jeffries, M. O., Richter-Menge, J., Overland, J., Bhatt, U., Key, J., Liu, Y., Walsh, J., Wang, M., Fogt, R. L., Scambos, T. A., Wovrosh, A. J., Barreira, S., Sanchez-Lugo, A., Renwick, J. A., Thiaw, W. M., Weaver, S. J., Whitewood, R., Phillips, D., Achberger, C., Ackerman, S. A., Ahmed, F. H., Albanil-Encarnacion, A., Alfaro, E. J., Alves, L. M., Allan, R., Amador, J. A., Ambenje, P., Antoine, M. D., Antonov, J., Arevalo, J., Ashik, I., Atheru, Z., Baccini, A., Baez, J., Baringer, M. O., Barriopedro, D. E., Bates, J. J., Becker, A., Behrenfeld, M. J., Bell, G. D., Benedetti, A., Bernhard, G., Berrisford, P., Berry, D. I., Beszczynska-Moeller, A., Bhatt, U. S., Bidegain, M., Bieniek, P., Birkett, C., Bissolli, P., Blake, E. S., Boudet-Rouco, D., Box, J. E., Boyer, T., Braathen, G. O., Brackenridge, G. R., Brohan, P., Bromwich, D. H., Brown, L., Brown, R., Bruhwiler, L., Bulygina, O. N., Burrows, J., Calderon, B., Camargo, S. J., Cappellen, J., Carmack, E., Carrasco, G., Chambers, D. P., Christiansen, H. H., Christy, J., Chung, D., Ciais, P., Coehlo, C. A. S., Colwell, S., Comiso, J., Cretaux, J. F., Crouch, J., Cunningham, S. A., Jeu, R. A. M., Demircan, M., Derksen, C., Diamond, H. J., Dlugokencky, E. J., Dohan, K., Dorigo, W. A., Drozdov, D. S., Duguay, C., Dutton, E., Dutton, G. S., Elkins, J. W., Epstein, H. E., Famiglietti, J. S., Fanton D Andon, O. H., Feely, R. A., Fekete, B. M., Fenimore, C., Fernandez-Prieto, D., Fields, E., Fioletov, V., Folland, C., Foster, M. J., Frajka-Williams, E., Franz, B. A., Frey, K., Frith, S. H., Frolov, I., Frost, G. V., Ganter, C., Garzoli, S., Gitau, W., Gleason, K. L., Gobron, N., Goldenberg, S. B., Goni, G., Gonzalez-Garcia, I., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, N., Good, S. A., Goryl, P., Gottschalck, J., Gouveia, C. M., Griffiths, G. M., Grigoryan, V., Grooss, J. U., Guard, C., Guglielmin, M., Halpert, M. S., Heidinger, A. K., Heikkila, A., Heim, R. R., Hennon, P. A., Hidalgo, H. G., Hilburn, K., Ho, S. P., Hobbs, W. R., Holgate, S., Hook, S. J., Hovsepyan, A., Hu, Z. Z., Hugony, S., Hurst, D. F., Ingvaldsen, R., Itoh, M., Jaimes, E., Jeffries, M., Johns, W. E., Johnsen, B., Johnson, B., Johnson, G. C., Jones, L. T., Jumaux, G., Kabidi, K., Kaiser, J. W., Kang, K. K., Kanzow, T. O., Kao, H. Y., Keller, L. M., Kendon, M., Kennedy, J. J., Kervankiran, S., Khatiwala, S., Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, M., Kikuchi, T., Kimberlain, T. B., King, D., Knaff, J. A., Korshunova, N. N., Koskela, T., Kratz, D. P., Krishfield, R., Kruger, A., Kruk, M. C., Lagerloef, G., Lakkala, K., Lammers, R. B., Lander, M. A., Landsea, C. W., Lankhorst, M., Lapinel-Pedroso, B., Lazzara, M. A., Leduc, S., Lefale, P., Leon, G., Leon-Lee, A., Leuliette, E., Levitus, S., L Heureux, M., Lin, II, Liu, H. X., Liu, Y. J., Lobato-Sanchez, R., Locarnini, R., Loeb, N. G., Loeng, H., Long, C. S., Lorrey, A. M., Lumpkin, R., Myhre, C. L., Jing-Jia Luo, Lyman, J. M., Maccallum, S., Macdonald, A. M., Maddux, B. C., Manney, G., Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, J. A., Maritorena, S., Marotzke, J., Marra, J. J., Martinez-Sanchez, O., Maslanik, J., Massom, R. A., Mathis, J. T., Mcbride, C., Mcclain, C. R., Mcgrath, D., Mcgree, S., Mclaughlin, F., Mcvicar, T. R., Mears, C., Meier, W., Meinen, C. S., Menendez, M., Merchant, C., Merrifield, M. A., Miller, L., Mitchum, G. T., Montzka, S. A., Moore, S., Mora, N. P., Morcrette, J. J., Mote, T., Muhle, J., Mullan, A. B., Muller, R., Myhre, C., Nash, E. R., Nerem, R. S., Newman, P. A., Ngari, A., Nishino, S., Njau, L. N., Noetzli, J., Oberman, N. G., Obregon, A., Ogallo, L., Oludhe, C., Oyunjargal, L., Parinussa, R. M., Park, G. H., Parker, D. E., Pasch, R. J., Pascual-Ramirez, R., Pelto, M. S., Penalba, O., Perez-Suarez, R., Perovich, D., Pezza, A. B., Pickart, R., Pinty, B., Pinzon, J., Pitts, M. C., Pour, H. K., Prior, J., Privette, J. L., Proshutinsky, A., Quegan, S., Quintana, J., Rabe, B., Rahimzadeh, F., Rajeevan, M., Rayner, D., Raynolds, M. K., Razuvaev, V. N., Reagan, J., Reid, P., Revadekar, J., Rex, M., Rivera, I. L., Robinson, D. A., Rodell, M., Roderick, M. L., Romanovsky, V. E., Ronchail, J., Rosenlof, K. H., Rudels, B., Sabine, C. L., Santee, M. L., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayouri, A., Schauer, U., Schemm, J., Schmid, C., Schreck, C., Semiletov, I., Send, U., Sensoy, S., Shakhova, N., Sharp, M., Shiklomanov, N. I., Shimada, K., Shin, J., Siegel, D. A., Simmons, A., Skansi, M., Sokolov, V., Spence, J., Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, P. W., Stammerjohn, S., Steele, M., Steffen, K., Steinbrecht, W., Stephenson, T., Stolarski, R. S., Sweet, W., Takahashi, T., Taylor, M. A., Tedesco, M., Thepaut, J. N., Thompson, P., Timmermans, M. L., Tobin, S., Toole, J., Trachte, K., Trewin, B. C., Trigo, R. M., Trotman, A., Tucker, C. J., Ulupinar, Y., Wal, R. S. W., Werf, G. R., Vautard, R., Votaw, G., Wagner, W. W., Wahr, J., Walker, D. A., Wang, C. Z., Wang, J. H., Wang, L., Wang, M. H., Wang, S. H., Wanninkhof, R., Weaver, S., Weber, M., Weingartner, T., Weller, R. A., Wentz, F., Wilber, A. C., Williams, W., Willis, J. K., Wilson, R. C., Wolken, G., Wong, T. M., Woodgate, R., Yamada, R., Yamamoto-Kawai, M., Yoder, J. A., Yu, L. S., Yueh, S., Zhang, L. Y., Zhang, P. Q., Zhao, L., Zhou, X. 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Subjects
[SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

International audience; Large-scale climate patterns influenced temperature and weather patterns around the globe in 2011. In particular, a moderate-to-strong La Nina at the beginning of the year dissipated during boreal spring but reemerged during fall. The phenomenon contributed to historical droughts in East Africa, the southern United States, and northern Mexico, as well the wettest two-year period (2010-11) on record for Australia, particularly remarkable as this follows a decade-long dry period. Precipitation patterns in South America were also influenced by La Nina. Heavy rain in Rio de Janeiro in January triggered the country's worst floods and landslides in Brazil's history. The 2011 combined average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces was the coolest since 2008, but was also among the 15 warmest years on record and above the 1981-2010 average. The global sea surface temperature cooled by 0.1 degrees C from 2010 to 2011, associated with cooling influences of La Nina. Global integrals of upper ocean heat content for 2011 were higher than for all prior years, demonstrating the Earth's dominant role of the oceans in the Earth's energy budget. In the upper atmosphere, tropical stratospheric temperatures were anomalously warm, while polar temperatures were anomalously cold. This led to large springtime stratospheric ozone reductions in polar latitudes in both hemispheres. Ozone concentrations in the Arctic stratosphere during March were the lowest for that period since satellite records began in 1979. An extensive, deep, and persistent ozone hole over the Antarctic in September indicates that the recovery to pre-1980 conditions is proceeding very slowly. Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increased by 2.10 ppm in 2011, and exceeded 390 ppm for the first time since instrumental records began. Other greenhouse gases also continued to rise in concentration and the combined effect now represents a 30% increase in radiative forcing over a 1990 baseline. Most ozone depleting substances continued to fall. The global net ocean carbon dioxide uptake for the 2010 transition period from El Nino to La Nina, the most recent period for which analyzed data are available, was estimated to be 1.30 Pg C yr(-1), almost 12% below the 29-year long-term average. Relative to the long-term trend, global sea level dropped noticeably in mid-2010 and reached a local minimum in 2011. The drop has been linked to the La Nina conditions that prevailed throughout much of 2010-11. Global sea level increased sharply during the second half of 2011. Global tropical cyclone activity during 2011 was well-below average, with a total of 74 storms compared with the 1981-2010 average of 89. Similar to 2010, the North Atlantic was the only basin that experienced above-normal activity. For the first year since the widespread introduction of the Dvorak intensity-estimation method in the 1980s, only three tropical cyclones reached Category 5 intensity level-all in the Northwest Pacific basin. The Arctic continued to warm at about twice the rate compared with lower latitudes. Below-normal summer snowfall, a decreasing trend in surface albedo, and above-average surface and upper air temperatures resulted in a continued pattern of extreme surface melting, and net snow and ice loss on the Greenland ice sheet. Warmer-than-normal temperatures over the Eurasian Arctic in spring resulted in a new record-low June snow cover extent and spring snow cover duration in this region. In the Canadian Arctic, the mass loss from glaciers and ice caps was the greatest since GRACE measurements began in 2002, continuing a negative trend that began in 1987. New record high temperatures occurred at 20 m below the land surface at all permafrost observatories on the North Slope of Alaska, where measurements began in the late 1970s. Arctic sea ice extent in September 2011 was the second-lowest on record, while the extent of old ice (four and five years) reached a new record minimum that was just 19% of normal. On the opposite pole, austral winter and spring temperatures were more than 3 degrees C above normal over much of the Antarctic continent. However, winter temperatures were below normal in the northern Antarctic Peninsula, which continued the downward trend there during the last 15 years. In summer, an all-time record high temperature of -12.3 degrees C was set at the South Pole station on 25 December, exceeding the previous record by more than a full degree. Antarctic sea ice extent anomalies increased steadily through much of the year, from briefly setting a record low in April, to well above average in December. The latter trend reflects the dispersive effects of low pressure on sea ice and the generally cool conditions around the Antarctic perimeter.

Published
2012
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38. Implementation of a satellite data based permafrost information system - the DUE permafrost project

Author

Bartsch, A., Wiesmann, A., Strozzi, T., Schmullius, C., Hese, S., Duguay, C., Heim, B., Boike, J., and Herold, M.

Subjects
Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Life Science, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, PE&RC
Abstract

directly measured with remotely sensed data. However, many parameters which influence the ground thermal regime and surface indicators can be captured with satellite data in an operational manner. Those are e.g. land surface temperature, land cover and snow parameters, soil moisture and terrain changes. Within the ESA DUE Permafrost project a wide range of EO datasets are investigated and integrated in an information system with extensive involvement of the permafrost research community. This comprises pan-boreal/arctic to regional and local scale investigations. The capabilities of currently available remotely sensed datasets have been assessed with respect to operational monitoring. This paper summarizes those components of the processing system which address automatized integration of remotely sensed products: land surface temperature, soil moisture (incl. freeze/thaw), open water, snow parameters and methane.1

Published
2010

42. Cold Regions Hydrology High-Resolution Observatory for Snow and Cold Land Processes

Author

Rott, H., Yueh, S. H., Cline, D. W., Duguay, C., Essery, R., Haas, Christian, Hélière, F., Kern, M., Macelloni, G., Malnes, E., Nagler, T., Pulliainen, J., Rebhan, H., Thompson, A., Rott, H., Yueh, S. H., Cline, D. W., Duguay, C., Essery, R., Haas, Christian, Hélière, F., Kern, M., Macelloni, G., Malnes, E., Nagler, T., Pulliainen, J., Rebhan, H., and Thompson, A.

Published
2010

44. Nutritional and psychological status of young women after a short-term use of a triphasic contraceptive steroid preparation

Author

Massé, P.G., Berg, H. van den, Livingstone, M.M., Duguay, C., Beaulieu, G., and Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding

Subjects
Adult, Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination, Ferritin, Psychological Tests, Oral contraceptives, Psychological disturbances, Oral contraceptive agent, Mental Disorders, Pyridoxine, Nutritional Status, Mental disease, Estrogen, Ethinylestradiol plus norgestrel, Blood, MMPI, Ferritins, Humans, Female, Psychologic test, Nutrition, Chemically induced disorder, Human, Contraceptives, Oral
Abstract

The present study was aimed to assess the psychological status of young healthy women after the administration of a triphasic contraceptive steroid preparation for six complete menstrual cycles. Subjects had never used oral contraceptives (OC) and had neither a familial history of depression nor psychological disturbances. OC-induced psychological disturbances were interpreted for years as evidence of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficiency. Other nutritional deficiencies, namely in cobalamin, folate and iron, can disturb the functioning of the central nervous system. In addition, a deficiency of any of these nutrients can lead to several anemia-induced symptoms that are highly susceptible to influence the psychological status. For ample evidence, nutritional status was then evaluated in parallel to psychological testing. Blood iron and vitamin levels of interest were found to be adequate and could not have biaised the response to a psychological test (MMPI). This study showed that a 6-month Triphasil® treatment did not modify significantly the psychological status of subjects. To our knowledge, this is the first psychological study on young never OC-users taking an identical triphasic contraceptive steroid preparation to investigate early psychological side-effects due to OC, at a similar time of the menstrual cycle, when nutritional status was also evaluated. Chemicals/CAS: Contraceptives, Oral; Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination, 8056-51-7; Ferritins, 9007-73-2; Pyridoxine, 65-23-6

Published
1998

47. Early effect of a low dose (30 μg) ethinyl estradiol-containing triphasil® on vitamin B6 status. A follow-up study on six menstrual cycles

Author

Massé, P.G., Berg, H. van den, Duguay, C., Beaulieu, G., Simard, J.M., and TNO Voeding Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO

Subjects
Adult, Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination, Pyridoxal, Erythrocytes, Oral contraceptive agent, Oral contraceptive, Nutritional Status, Aspartate aminotransferase, Ethinyl Estradiol, Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal, Ethinylestradiol, Humans, Pyridoxal 5 phosphate, Menstrual Cycle, Norgestrel, Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal phosphate, Drug effect, Erythrocyte, Ethinylestradiol plus norgestrel, Blood, Metabolism, Female, Vitamin B6 status, Human
Abstract

The objectives of the study were to follow-up six artificial menstrual cycles induced by Triphasil® in order to determine: 1) the time of apparition of B6 metabolic side-effects, in the eventuality they occur, and 2) the existence or non-existence of a normalization process and if so, when it is initiated. The choice of this triphasic OC preparation was based on its current popularity among modern gynecologists. Among the selected twenty-three young women who had never used oral contraceptives (OC), fourteen consented to try a new contraceptive method. Their nutritional status including anthropometric, hematologic, biochemical and dietetic (including vitamin B6 intake) parameters was found to be adequate. A functional enzymatic test coupled to a direct measurement of vitamin B6 was employed to obtain a complete assessment of their vitamin B6 status. By using both approaches, only one case (7%) of deficiency due to OC was evidenced. This well-controlled study revealed that a short-term use of a relatively low dose estrogen-containing OC (30 μg) did not alter PLP concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes in the majority of our young subjects consuming adequate diets. However, a disturbance in vitamin B6 metabolism was detected. PL levels in both blood components have increased steadily and did not subside to pretreatment values at the end of the experiment. In conclusion, the single use of the PLP vitamer can be misleading as demonstrated by other investigators. To assess B6-status during oral contraception, in addition to a functional enzymatic test, it may be necessary to include the other aidehydic form of vitamin B6, to fully establish and comprehend hormone-induced adverse effects on this metabolism, particularly those of progesterone/progestin that have not yet been explored. Chemicals/CAS: Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Ethinyl Estradiol, 57-63-6; Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination, 8056-51-7; Norgestrel, 6533-00-2; Pyridoxal Phosphate, 54-47-7; Pyridoxal, 66-72-8; Pyridoxine, 65-23-6

Published
1996

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