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6. Human milk oligosaccharides reduce necrotizing enterocolitis-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in mice.

Author

Sodhi, Chhinder P., Ahmad, Raheel, Fulton, William B., Lopez, Carla M., Eke, Benjamin O., Scheese, Daniel, Duess, Johannes W., Steinway, Steve N., Raouf, Zachariah, Moore, Hannah, Koichi Tsuboi, Sampah, Maame Efua, Hee-Seong Jang, Buck, Rachael H., Hill, David R., Niemiro, Grace M., Prindle Jr., Thomas, Sanxia Wang, Menghan Wang, and Hongpeng Jia

Subjects
BREAST milk, BRAIN-derived neurotrophic factor, OLIGOSACCHARIDES, ORAL drug administration, GOAT milk, COGNITION disorders
Abstract

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. One of the most devastating complications of NEC is the development of NEC-induced brain injury, which manifests as impaired cognition that persists beyond infancy and which represents a proinflammatory activation of the gut-brain axis. Given that oral administration of the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) 20-fucosyllactose (20-FL) and 60-sialyslactose (60-SL) significantly reduced intestinal inflammation in mice, we hypothesized that oral administration of these HMOs would reduce NEC-induced brain injury and sought to determine the mechanisms involved. We now show that the administration of either 20-FL or 60-SL significantly attenuated NECinduced brain injury, reversed myelin loss in the corpus callosum and midbrain of newborn mice, and prevented the impaired cognition observed in mice with NEC-induced brain injury. In seeking to define the mechanisms involved, 20-FL or 60-SL administration resulted in a restoration of the blood-brain barrier in newborn mice and also had a direct anti-inflammatory effect on the brain as revealed through the study of brain organoids. Metabolites of 20-FL were detected in the infant mouse brain by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), whereas intact 20-FL was not. Strikingly, the beneficial effects of 20-FL or 60-SL against NEC-induced brain injury required the release of the neurotrophic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as mice lacking BDNF were not protected by these HMOs from the development of NEC-induced brain injury. Taken in aggregate, these findings reveal that the HMOs 20-FL and 60-SL interrupt the gut-brain inflammatory axis and reduce the risk of NEC-induced brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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9. Global Development of Research on Anorectal Malformations over the Last Five Decades: A Bibliometric Analysis

Author

Martynov, Illya, Feng, Xiaoyan, Duess, Johannes W., Gosemann, Jan-Hendrik, Lacher, Martin, Mayer, Steffi, Martynov, Illya, Feng, Xiaoyan, Duess, Johannes W., Gosemann, Jan-Hendrik, Lacher, Martin, and Mayer, Steffi

Abstract

Purpose: Anorectal malformations (ARM) are one of the most challenging congenital malformations in pediatric surgery. We aimed to assess the research activity on ARM over the last five decades. Methods: Data on original research publications were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (1970–2020), and analyzed for countries, authors, scientific journals, and top-ten papers. Scientific quantity was assessed by the number of publications. Research quality was estimated from the number of citations, average citation rate per item (ACI), and h-index. Results: A total number of 1595 articles with 19,419 citations (ACI = 12.2; h-index = 54) were identified. The annual number of publications and citations significantly increased over time (p < 0.0001). The USA (n = 386; 24.2%), Japan (n = 153; 9.6%), and China (n = 137; 8.6%) were the most productive countries; and the USA (n = 7850; ACI = 20.3; h-index = 44), Japan (n = 1937; ACI = 12.6; h-index = 21), and the Netherlands (n = 1318; ACI = 17.3; h-index = 22) were the top cited countries. Articles were preferentially published in JPS (n = 391; 24.5%), PSI (n = 181; 11.3%), and EJPS (n = 56; 3.5%). Top-ten cited papers focused on classification (n = 1), surgical technique (n = 3), associated syndromes (n = 2), postoperative outcome (n = 3), and basic research (n = 1). Conclusion: This bibliometric study provides valuable insights into the global development of ARM research, and shows that clinical studies and international collaborations dominate in this field.

Published
2022

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