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1. Creating more comparable cohorts in observational palliative care studies: A proposed framework to improve applicability and replicability of research.

Author

Kochovska, S, Murtagh, FE, Agar, M, Phillips, JL, Dudgeon, D, Lujic, S, Johnson, MJ, Currow, DC, Kochovska, S, Murtagh, FE, Agar, M, Phillips, JL, Dudgeon, D, Lujic, S, Johnson, MJ, and Currow, DC

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Palliative care is characterised by heterogeneous patient and caregiver populations who are provided care in different health systems and a research base including a large proportion of observational, mostly retrospective studies. The inherent diversity of palliative care populations and the often inadequate study descriptions challenge the application of new knowledge into practice and reproducibility for confirmatory studies. Being able to define systematically study populations would significantly increase their generalisability and effective translation into practice. PROPOSAL: Based on an informal consensus process by active palliative care researchers challenged by this problem and a review of the current evidence, we propose an approach to creating more comparable cohorts in observational (non-randomised) palliative care studies that relies on defining the study population in relation to a fixed, well-defined event from which analyses are built ('anchoring'). In addition to providing a detailed and complete description of the study population, anchoring is the critical step in creating more comparable cohorts in observational palliative care studies. Anchoring can be done with respect to a single or multiple data points, and can support both prospective and retrospective data collection and analysis. DISCUSSION: Anchoring the cohort to reproducible data points will help create more comparable cohorts in palliative care whilst mitigating its inherent heterogeneity. This, in turn, will help optimise the generalisability, applicability and reproducibility of observational palliative care studies to strengthen the evidence base and improve practice.

Published
2024

4. The global EPTO database:worldwide occurrences of aquatic insects

Author

Grigoropoulou, A. (Afroditi), Ab Hamid, S. (Suhaila), Acosta, R. (Raúl), Akindele, E. O. (Emmanuel Olusegun), Al-Shami, S. A. (Salman A.), Altermatt, F. (Florian), Amatulli, G. (Giuseppe), Angeler, D. G. (David G.), Arimoro, F. O. (Francis O.), Aroviita, J. (Jukka), Astorga-Roine, A. (Anna), Bastos, R. C. (Rafael Costa), Bonada, N. (Núria), Boukas, N. (Nikos), Brand, C. (Cecilia), Bremerich, V. (Vanessa), Bush, A. (Alex), Cai, Q. (Qinghua), Callisto, M. (Marcos), Chen, K. (Kai), Cruz, P. V. (Paulo Vilela), Dangles, O. (Olivier), Death, R. (Russell), Deng, X. (Xiling), Domínguez, E. (Eduardo), Dudgeon, D. (David), Eriksen, T. E. (Tor Erik), Faria, A. P. (Ana Paula J.), Feio, M. J. (Maria João), Fernández-Aláez, C. (Camino), Floury, M. (Mathieu), García-Criado, F. (Francisco), García-Girón, J. (Jorge), Graf, W. (Wolfram), Grönroos, M. (Mira), Haase, P. (Peter), Hamada, N. (Neusa), He, F. (Fengzhi), Heino, J. (Jani), Holzenthal, R. (Ralph), Huttunen, K.-L. (Kaisa-Leena), Jacobsen, D. (Dean), Jähnig, S. C. (Sonja C.), Jetz, W. (Walter), Johnson, R. K. (Richard K.), Juen, L. (Leandro), Kalkman, V. (Vincent), Kati, V. (Vassiliki), Keke, U. N. (Unique N.), Koroiva, R. (Ricardo), Kuemmerlen, M. (Mathias), Langhans, S. D. (Simone Daniela), Ligeiro, R. (Raphael), Van Looy, K. (Kris), Maasri, A. (Alain), Marchant, R. (Richard), Garcia Marquez, J. R. (Jaime Ricardo), Martins, R. T. (Renato T.), Melo, A. S. (Adriano S.), Metzeling, L. (Leon), Miserendino, M. L. (Maria Laura), Moe, S. J. (S. Jannicke), Molineri, C. (Carlos), Muotka, T. (Timo), Mustonen, K.-R. (Kaisa-Riikka), Mykrä, H. (Heikki), Cavalcante Do Nascimento, J. M. (Jeane Marcelle), Valente-Neto, F. (Francisco), Neu, P. J. (Peter J.), Nieto, C. (Carolina), Pauls, S. U. (Steffen U.), Paulson, D. R. (Dennis R.), Rios-Touma, B. (Blanca), Rodrigues, M. E. (Marciel Elio), de Oliveira Roque, F. (Fabio), Salazar Salina, J. C. (Juan Carlos), Schmera, D. (Dénes), Schmidt-Kloiber, A. (Astrid), Shah, D. N. (Deep Narayan), Simaika, J. P. (John P.), Siqueira, T. (Tadeu), Tachamo-Shah, R. D. (Ram Devi), Theischinger, G. (Günther), Thompson, R. (Ross), Tonkin, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Torres-Cambas, Y. (Yusdiel), Townsend, C. (Colin), Turak, E. (Eren), Twardochleb, L. (Laura), Wang, B. (Beixin), Yanygina, L. (Liubov), Zamora-Muñoz, C. (Carmen), Domisch, S. (Sami), Grigoropoulou, A. (Afroditi), Ab Hamid, S. (Suhaila), Acosta, R. (Raúl), Akindele, E. O. (Emmanuel Olusegun), Al-Shami, S. A. (Salman A.), Altermatt, F. (Florian), Amatulli, G. (Giuseppe), Angeler, D. G. (David G.), Arimoro, F. O. (Francis O.), Aroviita, J. (Jukka), Astorga-Roine, A. (Anna), Bastos, R. C. (Rafael Costa), Bonada, N. (Núria), Boukas, N. (Nikos), Brand, C. (Cecilia), Bremerich, V. (Vanessa), Bush, A. (Alex), Cai, Q. (Qinghua), Callisto, M. (Marcos), Chen, K. (Kai), Cruz, P. V. (Paulo Vilela), Dangles, O. (Olivier), Death, R. (Russell), Deng, X. (Xiling), Domínguez, E. (Eduardo), Dudgeon, D. (David), Eriksen, T. E. (Tor Erik), Faria, A. P. (Ana Paula J.), Feio, M. J. (Maria João), Fernández-Aláez, C. (Camino), Floury, M. (Mathieu), García-Criado, F. (Francisco), García-Girón, J. (Jorge), Graf, W. (Wolfram), Grönroos, M. (Mira), Haase, P. (Peter), Hamada, N. (Neusa), He, F. (Fengzhi), Heino, J. (Jani), Holzenthal, R. (Ralph), Huttunen, K.-L. (Kaisa-Leena), Jacobsen, D. (Dean), Jähnig, S. C. (Sonja C.), Jetz, W. (Walter), Johnson, R. K. (Richard K.), Juen, L. (Leandro), Kalkman, V. (Vincent), Kati, V. (Vassiliki), Keke, U. N. (Unique N.), Koroiva, R. (Ricardo), Kuemmerlen, M. (Mathias), Langhans, S. D. (Simone Daniela), Ligeiro, R. (Raphael), Van Looy, K. (Kris), Maasri, A. (Alain), Marchant, R. (Richard), Garcia Marquez, J. R. (Jaime Ricardo), Martins, R. T. (Renato T.), Melo, A. S. (Adriano S.), Metzeling, L. (Leon), Miserendino, M. L. (Maria Laura), Moe, S. J. (S. Jannicke), Molineri, C. (Carlos), Muotka, T. (Timo), Mustonen, K.-R. (Kaisa-Riikka), Mykrä, H. (Heikki), Cavalcante Do Nascimento, J. M. (Jeane Marcelle), Valente-Neto, F. (Francisco), Neu, P. J. (Peter J.), Nieto, C. (Carolina), Pauls, S. U. (Steffen U.), Paulson, D. R. (Dennis R.), Rios-Touma, B. (Blanca), Rodrigues, M. E. (Marciel Elio), de Oliveira Roque, F. (Fabio), Salazar Salina, J. C. (Juan Carlos), Schmera, D. (Dénes), Schmidt-Kloiber, A. (Astrid), Shah, D. N. (Deep Narayan), Simaika, J. P. (John P.), Siqueira, T. (Tadeu), Tachamo-Shah, R. D. (Ram Devi), Theischinger, G. (Günther), Thompson, R. (Ross), Tonkin, J. D. (Jonathan D.), Torres-Cambas, Y. (Yusdiel), Townsend, C. (Colin), Turak, E. (Eren), Twardochleb, L. (Laura), Wang, B. (Beixin), Yanygina, L. (Liubov), Zamora-Muñoz, C. (Carmen), and Domisch, S. (Sami)

Abstract

Motivation: Aquatic insects comprise 64% of freshwater animal diversity and are widely used as bioindicators to assess water quality impairment and freshwater ecosystem health, as well as to test ecological hypotheses. Despite their importance, a comprehensive, global database of aquatic insect occurrences for mapping freshwater biodiversity in macroecological studies and applied freshwater research is missing. We aim to fill this gap and present the Global EPTO Database, which includes worldwide geo-referenced aquatic insect occurrence records for four major taxa groups: Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Odonata (EPTO). Main type of variables contained: A total of 8,368,467 occurrence records globally, of which 8,319,689 (99%) are publicly available. The records are attributed to the corresponding drainage basin and sub-catchment based on the Hydrography90m dataset and are accompanied by the elevation value, the freshwater ecoregion and the protection status of their location. Spatial location and grain: The database covers the global extent, with 86% of the observation records having coordinates with at least four decimal digits (11.1 m precision at the equator) in the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) coordinate reference system. Time period and grain: Sampling years span from 1951 to 2021. Ninety-nine percent of the records have information on the year of the observation, 95% on the year and month, while 94% have a complete date. In the case of seven sub-datasets, exact dates can be retrieved upon communication with the data contributors. Major taxa and level of measurement: Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Odonata, standardized at the genus taxonomic level. We provide species names for 7,727,980 (93%) records without further taxonomic verification. Software format: The entire tab-separated value (.csv) database can be downloaded and visualized at https://glowabio.org/project/epto_database/. Fifty individual datasets are also availab

Published
2023

5. The global EPTO database: Worldwide occurrences of aquatic insects

Author

Grigoropoulou, A. Hamid, S. A. Acosta, R. Akindele, E. O. Al-Shami, S. A. Altermatt, F. Amatulli, G. Angeler, D. G. Arimoro, F. O. Aroviita, J. Astorga-Roine, A. Bastos, R. C. Bonada, N. Boukas, N. Brand, C. Bremerich, V. Bush, A. Cai, Q. Callisto, M. Chen, K. Cruz, P. V. Dangles, O. Death, R. Deng, X. Domínguez, E. Dudgeon, D. Eriksen, T. E. Faria, A. P. J. Feio, M. J. Fernández-Aláez, C. Floury, M. García-Criado, F. García-Girón, J. Graf, W. Grönroos, M. Haase, P. Hamada, N. He, F. Heino, J. Holzenthal, R. Huttunen, K. L. Jacobsen, D. Jähnig, S. C. Jetz, W. Johnson, R. K. Juen, L. Kalkman, V. Kati, V. Keke, U. N. Koroiva, R. Kuemmerlen, M. Langhans, S. D. Ligeiro, R. Van Looy, K. Maasri, A. Marchant, R. Garcia Marquez, J. R. Martins, R. T. Melo, A. S. Metzeling, L. Miserendino, M. L. Moe, S. J. Molineri, C. Muotka, T. Mustonen, K. R. Mykrä, H. Cavalcante do Nascimento, J. M. Valente-Neto, F. Neu, P. J. Nieto, C. Pauls, S. U. Paulson, D. R. Rios-Touma, B. Rodrigues, M. E. de Oliveira Roque, F. Salazar Salina, J. Schmera, D. Schmidt-Kloiber, A. Shah, D. Simaika, J. P. Siqueira, T. Tachamo-Shah, R. D. Theischinger, G. Thompson, R. Tonkin, J. D. Torres-Cambas, Y. Townsend, C. Turak, E. Twardochleb, L. Wang, B. Yanygina, L. Zamora-Muñoz, C. Domisch, S. and Grigoropoulou, A. Hamid, S. A. Acosta, R. Akindele, E. O. Al-Shami, S. A. Altermatt, F. Amatulli, G. Angeler, D. G. Arimoro, F. O. Aroviita, J. Astorga-Roine, A. Bastos, R. C. Bonada, N. Boukas, N. Brand, C. Bremerich, V. Bush, A. Cai, Q. Callisto, M. Chen, K. Cruz, P. V. Dangles, O. Death, R. Deng, X. Domínguez, E. Dudgeon, D. Eriksen, T. E. Faria, A. P. J. Feio, M. J. Fernández-Aláez, C. Floury, M. García-Criado, F. García-Girón, J. Graf, W. Grönroos, M. Haase, P. Hamada, N. He, F. Heino, J. Holzenthal, R. Huttunen, K. L. Jacobsen, D. Jähnig, S. C. Jetz, W. Johnson, R. K. Juen, L. Kalkman, V. Kati, V. Keke, U. N. Koroiva, R. Kuemmerlen, M. Langhans, S. D. Ligeiro, R. Van Looy, K. Maasri, A. Marchant, R. Garcia Marquez, J. R. Martins, R. T. Melo, A. S. Metzeling, L. Miserendino, M. L. Moe, S. J. Molineri, C. Muotka, T. Mustonen, K. R. Mykrä, H. Cavalcante do Nascimento, J. M. Valente-Neto, F. Neu, P. J. Nieto, C. Pauls, S. U. Paulson, D. R. Rios-Touma, B. Rodrigues, M. E. de Oliveira Roque, F. Salazar Salina, J. Schmera, D. Schmidt-Kloiber, A. Shah, D. Simaika, J. P. Siqueira, T. Tachamo-Shah, R. D. Theischinger, G. Thompson, R. Tonkin, J. D. Torres-Cambas, Y. Townsend, C. Turak, E. Twardochleb, L. Wang, B. Yanygina, L. Zamora-Muñoz, C. Domisch, S.

Abstract

Motivation Aquatic insects comprise 64% of freshwater animal diversity and are widely used as bioindicators to assess water quality impairment and freshwater ecosystem health, as well as to test ecological hypotheses. Despite their importance, a comprehensive, global database of aquatic insect occurrences for mapping freshwater biodiversity in macroecological studies and applied freshwater research is missing. We aim to fill this gap and present the Global EPTO Database, which includes worldwide geo-referenced aquatic insect occurrence records for four major taxa groups: Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Odonata (EPTO). Main type of variables contained A total of 8,368,467 occurrence records globally, of which 8,319,689 (99%) are publicly available. The records are attributed to the corresponding drainage basin and sub-catchment based on the Hydrography90m dataset and are accompanied by the elevation value, the freshwater ecoregion and the protection status of their location. Spatial location and grain The database covers the global extent, with 86% of the observation records having coordinates with at least four decimal digits (11.1 m precision at the equator) in the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) coordinate reference system. Time period and grain Sampling years span from 1951 to 2021. Ninety-nine percent of the records have information on the year of the observation, 95% on the year and month, while 94% have a complete date. In the case of seven sub-datasets, exact dates can be retrieved upon communication with the data contributors. Major taxa and level of measurement Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Odonata, standardized at the genus taxonomic level. We provide species names for 7,727,980 (93%) records without further taxonomic verification. Software format The entire tab-separated value (.csv) database can be downloaded and visualized at https://glowabio.org/project/epto_database/. Fifty individual datasets are also available at https://f

Published
2023
Full Text
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7. A global agenda for advancing freshwater biodiversity research

Author

Maasri, A., Jähnig, S. C., Adamescu, M. C., Adrian, R., Baigun, C., Baird, D. J., Batista-Morales, A., Bonada, N., Brown, M. L., Cai, Q., Campos-Silva, J. V., Clausnitzer, V., Contreras-MacBeath, T., Cooke, S. J., Datry, T., Delacámara, G., De Meester, L., Dijkstra, D. K. B., Do, V. T., Domisch, S., Dudgeon, D., Erös, T., Freitag, H., Freyhof, J., Friedrich, J., Friedrichs-Manthey, M., Geist, J., Gessner, M. O., Goethals, P., Gollock, M., Gordon, C., Grossart, H. P., Gulemvuga, V., Gutiérrez-Fonseca, P. E., Haase, P., Hering, D., Hahn, H. J., Hawkins, C. P., He, F., Heino, J., Hermoso, V., Hogan, Z., Hölker, F., Jeschke, J. M., Jiang, M., Johnson, R. K., Kalinkat, G., Karimov, B. K., Kasangaki, A., Kimirei, I. A., Kohlmann, B., Kuemmerlen, M., Kuiper, J. J., Kupilas, B., Langhans, S. D., Lansdown, R., Leese, F., Magbanua, F. S., Matsuzaki, S. i. S., Monaghan, M. T., Mumladze, L., Muzon, J., Mvogo Ndongo, P. A., Nejstgaard, J. C., Nikitina, O., Ochs, S., Odume, O., Opperman, J. J., Patricio, H., Pauls, S., Raghavan, R., Ramírez, A., Rashni, B., Ross-Gillespie, V., Samways, M. J., Schäfer, R. B., Schmidt-Kloiber, A., Seehausen, O., Shah, D. N., Sharma, S., Soininen, J., Sommerwerk, N., Stockwell, J. D., Suhling, F., Tachamo Shah, R. D., Tharme, R. E., Thorp, J. H., Tickner, D., Tockner, K., Tonkin, J. D., Valle, M., Vitule, J., Volk, M., Wang, D., Worischka, S., Wolter, C., Maasri, A., Jähnig, S. C., Adamescu, M. C., Adrian, R., Baigun, C., Baird, D. J., Batista-Morales, A., Bonada, N., Brown, M. L., Cai, Q., Campos-Silva, J. V., Clausnitzer, V., Contreras-MacBeath, T., Cooke, S. J., Datry, T., Delacámara, G., De Meester, L., Dijkstra, D. K. B., Do, V. T., Domisch, S., Dudgeon, D., Erös, T., Freitag, H., Freyhof, J., Friedrich, J., Friedrichs-Manthey, M., Geist, J., Gessner, M. O., Goethals, P., Gollock, M., Gordon, C., Grossart, H. P., Gulemvuga, V., Gutiérrez-Fonseca, P. E., Haase, P., Hering, D., Hahn, H. J., Hawkins, C. P., He, F., Heino, J., Hermoso, V., Hogan, Z., Hölker, F., Jeschke, J. M., Jiang, M., Johnson, R. K., Kalinkat, G., Karimov, B. K., Kasangaki, A., Kimirei, I. A., Kohlmann, B., Kuemmerlen, M., Kuiper, J. J., Kupilas, B., Langhans, S. D., Lansdown, R., Leese, F., Magbanua, F. S., Matsuzaki, S. i. S., Monaghan, M. T., Mumladze, L., Muzon, J., Mvogo Ndongo, P. A., Nejstgaard, J. C., Nikitina, O., Ochs, S., Odume, O., Opperman, J. J., Patricio, H., Pauls, S., Raghavan, R., Ramírez, A., Rashni, B., Ross-Gillespie, V., Samways, M. J., Schäfer, R. B., Schmidt-Kloiber, A., Seehausen, O., Shah, D. N., Sharma, S., Soininen, J., Sommerwerk, N., Stockwell, J. D., Suhling, F., Tachamo Shah, R. D., Tharme, R. E., Thorp, J. H., Tickner, D., Tockner, K., Tonkin, J. D., Valle, M., Vitule, J., Volk, M., Wang, D., Worischka, S., and Wolter, C.

Published
2022

12. A global agenda for advancing freshwater biodiversity research

Author

Maasri, A., Jähnig, S.C., Adamescu, M.C., Adrian, R., Baigun, C., Baird, D.J., Batista-Morales, A., Bonada, N., Brown, L.E., Cai, Q., Campos-Silva, J.V., Clausnitzer, V., Contreras-MacBeath, T., Cooke, S.J., Datry, T., Delacámara, G., De Meester, L., Dijkstra, K.-D.B., Do, V.T., Domisch, S., Dudgeon, D., Erös, T., Freitag, H., Freyhof, J., Friedrich, J., Friedrichs-Manthey, M., Geist, J., Gessner, M.O., Goethals, P., Gollock, M., Gordon, C., Grossart, H.-P., Gulemvuga, G., Gutiérrez-Fonseca, P.E., Haase, P., Hering, D., Hahn, H.J., Hawkins, C.P., He, F., Heino, J., Hermoso, V., Hogan, Z., Hölker, F., Jeschke, J.M., Jiang, M., Johnson, R.K., Kalinkat, G., Karimov, B.K., Kasangaki, A., Kimirei, I.A., Kohlmann, B., Kuemmerlen, M., Kuiper, J.J., Kupilas, B., Langhans, S.D., Lansdown, R., Leese, F., Magbanua, F.S., Matsuzaki, S.S., Monaghan, M.T., Mumladze, L., Muzon, J., Mvogo Ndongo, P.A., Nejstgaard, J.C., Nikitina, O., Ochs, C., Odume, O.N., Opperman, J.J., Patricio, H., Pauls, S.U., Raghavan, R., Ramírez, A., Rashni, B., Ross-Gillespie, V., Samways, M.J., Schäfer, R.B., Schmidt-Kloiber, A., Seehausen, O., Shah, D.N., Sharma, S., Soininen, J., Sommerwerk, N., Stockwell, J.D., Suhling, F., Tachamo Shah, R.D., Tharme, R.E., Thorp, J.H., Tickner, D., Tockner, K., Tonkin, J.D., Valle, M., Vitule, J., Volk, Martin, Wang, D., Wolter, C., Worischka, S., Maasri, A., Jähnig, S.C., Adamescu, M.C., Adrian, R., Baigun, C., Baird, D.J., Batista-Morales, A., Bonada, N., Brown, L.E., Cai, Q., Campos-Silva, J.V., Clausnitzer, V., Contreras-MacBeath, T., Cooke, S.J., Datry, T., Delacámara, G., De Meester, L., Dijkstra, K.-D.B., Do, V.T., Domisch, S., Dudgeon, D., Erös, T., Freitag, H., Freyhof, J., Friedrich, J., Friedrichs-Manthey, M., Geist, J., Gessner, M.O., Goethals, P., Gollock, M., Gordon, C., Grossart, H.-P., Gulemvuga, G., Gutiérrez-Fonseca, P.E., Haase, P., Hering, D., Hahn, H.J., Hawkins, C.P., He, F., Heino, J., Hermoso, V., Hogan, Z., Hölker, F., Jeschke, J.M., Jiang, M., Johnson, R.K., Kalinkat, G., Karimov, B.K., Kasangaki, A., Kimirei, I.A., Kohlmann, B., Kuemmerlen, M., Kuiper, J.J., Kupilas, B., Langhans, S.D., Lansdown, R., Leese, F., Magbanua, F.S., Matsuzaki, S.S., Monaghan, M.T., Mumladze, L., Muzon, J., Mvogo Ndongo, P.A., Nejstgaard, J.C., Nikitina, O., Ochs, C., Odume, O.N., Opperman, J.J., Patricio, H., Pauls, S.U., Raghavan, R., Ramírez, A., Rashni, B., Ross-Gillespie, V., Samways, M.J., Schäfer, R.B., Schmidt-Kloiber, A., Seehausen, O., Shah, D.N., Sharma, S., Soininen, J., Sommerwerk, N., Stockwell, J.D., Suhling, F., Tachamo Shah, R.D., Tharme, R.E., Thorp, J.H., Tickner, D., Tockner, K., Tonkin, J.D., Valle, M., Vitule, J., Volk, Martin, Wang, D., Wolter, C., and Worischka, S.

Abstract

Global freshwater biodiversity is declining dramatically, and meeting the challenges of this crisis requires bold goals and the mobilisation of substantial resources. While the reasons are varied, investments in both research and conservation of freshwater biodiversity lag far behind those in the terrestrial and marine realms. Inspired by a global consultation, we identify 15 pressing priority needs, grouped into five research areas, in an effort to support informed stewardship of freshwater biodiversity. The proposed agenda aims to advance freshwater biodiversity research globally as a critical step in improving coordinated actions towards its sustainable management and conservation.

Published
2021

14. Global threats to human water security and river biodiversity

Author

Vorosmarty, C.J., McIntyre, P.B., Gessner, M.O., Dudgeon, D., Prusevich, A., Green, P., Glidden, S., Bunn, S.E., Sullivan, C.A., Liermann, C. Reidy, and Davies, P.M.

Subjects
Fresh water -- Supply and demand -- Research, Water -- Management, Biological diversity -- Research, Stream ecology -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Protecting the world's freshwater resources requires diagnosing threats over a broad range of scales, from global to local. Here we present the first worldwide synthesis to jointly consider human and biodiversity perspectives on water security using a spatial framework that quantifies multiple stressors and accounts for downstream impacts. We find that nearly 80% of the world's population is exposed to high levels of threat to water security. Massive investment in water technology enables rich nations to offset high stressor levels without remedying their underlying causes, whereas less wealthy nations remain vulnerable. A similar lack of precautionary investment jeopardizes biodiversity, with habitats associated with 65% of continental discharge classified as moderately to highly threatened. The cumulative threat framework offers a tool for prioritizing policy and management responses to this crisis, and underscores the necessity of limiting threats at their source instead of through costly remediation of symptoms in order to assure global water security for both humans and freshwater biodiversity., Water is widely regarded as the most essential of natural resources, yet freshwater systems are directly threatened by human activities (1-3) and stand to be further affected by anthropogenic climate [...]

Published
2010
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20. Process Design and Economics for Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol: Thermochemical Pathway by Indirect Gasification and Mixed Alcohol Synthesis

Author

Dutta, A, primary, Talmadge, M, additional, Hensley, J, additional, Worley, M, additional, Dudgeon, D, additional, Barton, D, additional, Groendijk, P, additional, Ferrari, D, additional, Stears, B, additional, Searcy, E M, additional, Wright, C T, additional, and Hess, J R, additional

Published
2011
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26. Impacts of Dams and Global Warming on Fish Biodiversity in the Indo-Burma Hotspot

Author

Suvarnaraksha, A, Tanaka, K, Grudpan, J, Grudpan, C, Watanabe, K, Dudgeon, D, Kano, Y, Thach, P, Tran, DD, Yamashita, T, Utsugi, K, Doi, H, Shimatani, Y, Shibukawa, K, Samejima, H, Sato, T, Praxaysonbath, B, Nguyen, PT, Musikasinthorn, P, Magtoon, W, and Nam, S

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Biodiversity, Marine and Aquatic Sciences, lcsh:Medicine, Fresh Water, Global Warming, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Environmental protection, lcsh:Science, Asia, Southeastern, Hydropower, Climatology, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Fishes, Agriculture, Freshwater Fish, Vertebrates, Algorithms, Research Article, Freshwater Environments, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecological Metrics, Fish Biology, Climate Change, Fisheries, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, Rivers, Fish Physiology, Animals, Animal Physiology, Computer Simulation, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Global warming, lcsh:R, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Aquatic Environments, Species Diversity, Bodies of Water, Vertebrate Physiology, Threatened species, Earth Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Species richness, business, Zoology, Power Plants, Global biodiversity
Abstract

Both hydropower dams and global warming pose threats to freshwater fish diversity. While the extent of global warming may be reduced by a shift towards energy generation by large dams in order to reduce fossil-fuel use, such dams profoundly modify riverine habitats. Furthermore, the threats posed by dams and global warming will interact: for example, dams constrain range adjustments by fishes that might compensate for warming temperatures. Evaluation of their combined or synergistic effects is thus essential for adequate assessment of the consequences of planned water-resource developments. We made projections of the responses of 363 fish species within the Indo-Burma global biodiversity hotspot to the separate and joint impacts of dams and global warming. The hotspot encompasses the Lower Mekong Basin, which is the world's largest freshwater capture fishery. Projections for 81 dam-building scenarios revealed progressive impacts upon projected species richness, habitable area, and the proportion of threatened species as generating capacity increased. Projections from 126 global-warming scenarios included a rise in species richness, a reduction in habitable area, and an increase in the proportion of threatened species; however, there was substantial variation in the extent of these changes among warming projections. Projections from scenarios that combined the effects of dams and global warming were derived either by simply adding the two threats, or by combining them in a synergistic manner that took account of the likelihood that habitat shifts under global warming would be constrained by river fragmentation. Impacts on fish diversity under the synergistic projections were 10-20% higher than those attributable to additive scenarios, and were exacerbated as generating capacity increased-particularly if CO2 emissions remained high. The impacts of dams, especially those on river mainstreams, are likely to be greater, more predictable and more immediately pressing for fishes than the consequences of global warming. Limits upon dam construction should therefore be a priority action for conserving fish biodiversity in the Indo-Burma hotspot. This would minimize synergistic impacts attributable to dams plus global warming, and help ensure the continued provision of ecosystem services represented by the Lower Mekong fishery.

Published
2016

29. The need to research refractory breathlessness

Author

Currow, DC, Abernethy, AP, Allcroft, P, Banzett, RB, Bausewein, C, Booth, S, Carrieri-Kohlman, V, Davidson, P, Disler, R, Donesky, DA, Dudgeon, D, Ekstrom, M, Farquhar, M, Higginson, I, Janssen, D, Jensen, D, Jolley, C, Krajnik, M, Laveneziana, P, McDonald, C, Maddocks, M, Morelot-Panzini, C, Moxham, J, Mularski, RA, Noble, S, O'Donnell, D, Parshall, MB, Pattinson, K, Phillips, J, Ross, J, Schwartzstein, RM, Similowski, T, Simon, ST, Smith, T, Wells, A, Yates, P, Yorke, J, Johnson, MJ, Currow, DC, Abernethy, AP, Allcroft, P, Banzett, RB, Bausewein, C, Booth, S, Carrieri-Kohlman, V, Davidson, P, Disler, R, Donesky, DA, Dudgeon, D, Ekstrom, M, Farquhar, M, Higginson, I, Janssen, D, Jensen, D, Jolley, C, Krajnik, M, Laveneziana, P, McDonald, C, Maddocks, M, Morelot-Panzini, C, Moxham, J, Mularski, RA, Noble, S, O'Donnell, D, Parshall, MB, Pattinson, K, Phillips, J, Ross, J, Schwartzstein, RM, Similowski, T, Simon, ST, Smith, T, Wells, A, Yates, P, Yorke, J, and Johnson, MJ

Published
2016

30. Global patterns of stream detritivore distribution: Implications for biodiversity loss in changing climates

Author

Boyero, Luz, Pearson, R.G., Dudgeon, D., Ferreira, V., Graça, M.A.S., Gessner, M.O., Boulton, A.J., Chauvet, E., Yule, C.M., Albariño, R.J., Ramírez, A., Helson, J.E., Callisto, M., Arunachalam, M., Chará, J., Figueroa, R., Mathooko, J.M., Gonçalves Jr. J.F., Moretti, M.S., Chará-Serna, A.M., Davies, J.N., Encalada, A., Lamothe, S., Buria, L.M., Castela, J., Cornejo, Aydeè, Li, A.O.Y., M'Erimba, C., Villanueva, V.D., Del Carmen Zúñiga, M., Swan, C.M., and Barmuta, L.A.

Subjects
SPECIES RICHNESS, Otras Ciencias Biológicas, SHREDDERS, DIVERSITY, TROPHIC DIVERSITY, respiratory system, STREAM ECOSYSTEMS, Ciencias Biológicas, LATITUDINAL GRADIENT, GUILD, DETRITUS, human activities, LEAF LITTER, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract

Aim We tested the hypothesis that shredder detritivores, a key trophic guild in stream ecosystems, are more diverse at higher latitudes, which has important ecological implications in the face of potential biodiversity losses that are expected as a result of climate change. We also explored the dependence of local shredder diversity on the regional species pool across latitudes, and examined the influence of environmental factors on shredder diversity. Location World-wide (156 sites from 17 regions located in all inhabited continents at latitudes ranging from 67°N to 41°S). Methods We used linear regression to examine the latitudinal variation in shredder diversity at different spatial scales: alpha (α), gamma (γ) and beta (β) diversity. We also explored the effect of γ-diversity on α-diversity across latitudes with regression analysis, and the possible influence of local environmental factors on shredder diversity with simple correlations. Results Alpha diversity increased with latitude, while γ- and β-diversity showed no clear latitudinal pattern. Temperate sites showed a linear relationship between γ- and α-diversity; in contrast, tropical sites showed evidence of local species saturation, which may explain why the latitudinal gradient in α-diversity is not accompanied by a gradient in γ-diversity. Alpha diversity was related to several local habitat characteristics, but γ- and β-diversity were not related to any of the environmental factors measured. Main conclusions Our results indicate that global patterns of shredder diversity are complex and depend on spatial scale. However, we can draw several conclusions that have important ecological implications. Alpha diversity is limited at tropical sites by local factors, implying a higher risk of loss of key species or the whole shredder guild (the latter implying the loss of trophic diversity). Even if regional species pools are not particularly species poor in the tropics, colonization from adjacent sites may be limited. Moreover, many shredder species belong to cool-adapted taxa that may be close to their thermal maxima in the tropics, which makes them more vulnerable to climate warming. Our results suggest that tropical streams require specific scientific attention and conservation efforts to prevent loss of shredder biodiversity and serious alteration of ecosystem processes. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Published
2012

31. A global experiment suggests climate warming will not accelerate litter decomposition in streams but might reduce carbon sequestration

Author

Boyero, Luz, Pearson, R.G., Gessner, M.O., Barmuta, L.A., Ferreira, V., Graça, M.A.S., Dudgeon, D., Boulton, A.J., Callisto, M., and Chauvet, E.

Abstract

The decomposition of plant litter is one of the most important ecosystem processes in the biosphere and is particularly sensitive to climate warming. Aquatic ecosystems are well suited to studying warming effects on decomposition because the otherwise confounding influence of moisture is constant. By using a latitudinal temperature gradient in an unprecedented global experiment in streams, we found that climate warming will likely hasten microbial litter decomposition and produce an equivalent decline in detritivore-mediated decomposition rates. As a result, overall decomposition rates should remain unchanged. Nevertheless, the process would be profoundly altered, because the shift in importance from detritivores to microbes in warm climates would likely increase CO2 production and decrease the generation and sequestration of recalcitrant organic particles. In view of recent estimates showing that inland waters are a significant component of the global carbon cycle, this implies consequences for global biogeochemistry and a possible positive climate feedback. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.

Published
2011

33. Freshwater biodiversity : importance, threats, status and conservation challenges

Author

Dudgeon, D., Arthington, A.H., Gessner, M.O., Kawabata, Z. I., Knowler, D. J., Lévêque, Christian, Naiman, R. J., Prieur Richard, A. H., Soto, D., Stiassny, M. L. J., and Sullivan, C. A.

Subjects
fisheries, lakes, pollution, endangered species, overexploitation, dams, rivers
Abstract

Freshwater biodiversity is the over-riding conservation priority during the International Decade for Action -'Water for Life'-2005 to 2015. Fresh water makes up only 0.01% of the World's water and approximately 0.8% of the Earth's surface, yet this tiny fraction of global water supports at least 100 000 species out of approximately 1.8 million - almost 6% of all described species. Inland waters and freshwater biodiversity constitute a valuable natural resource, in economic, cultural., aesthetic, scientific and educational terms. Their conservation and management are critical to the interests of all humans, nations and governments. Yet this precious heritage is in crisis. Fresh waters are experiencing declines in biodiversity far greater than those in the most affected terrestrial ecosystems, and if trends in human demands for water remain unaltered and species losses continue at current rates, the opportunity to conserve much of the remaining biodiversity in fresh water will vanish before the 'Water for Life' decade ends in 2015. Why is this so, and what is being done about it? This article explores the special features of freshwater habitats and the biodiversity they support that makes them especially vulnerable to human activities. We document threats to global freshwater biodiversity under five headings: overexploitation; water pollution; flow modification; destruction or degradation of habitat; and invasion by exotic species. Their combined and interacting influences have resulted in population declines and range reduction of freshwater biodiversity worldwide. Conservation of biodiversity is complicated by the landscape position of rivers and wetlands as 'receivers' of land-use effluents, and the problems posed by endemism and thus non-substitutability. In addition, in man), parts of the world, fresh water is subject to severe competition among multiple human stakeholders. Protection of freshwater biodiversity is perhaps the ultimate conservation challenge because it is influenced by the upstream drainage network, the surrounding land, the riparian zone, and - in the case of migrating aquatic fauna - downstream reaches. Such prerequisites are hardly ever met. Immediate action is needed where opportunities exist to set aside intact take and river ecosystems within large protected areas. For most of the global land surface, trade-offs between conservation of freshwater biodiversity and human use of ecosystem goods and services are necessary. We advocate continuing attempts to check species loss but, in many situations, urge adoption of a compromise position of management for biodiversity conservation, ecosystem functioning and resilience, and human livelihoods in order to provide a viable long-term basis for freshwater conservation. Recognition of this need will require adoption of a new paradigm for biodiversity protection and freshwater ecosystem management - one that has been appropriately termed 'reconciliation ecology'.

Published
2006

35. Host-use patterns and factors influencing the choice between anemone and urchin hosts by a caridean shrimp

Author

Ory, Nicolas, Dudgeon, D., Thiel, M., Ory, Nicolas, Dudgeon, D., and Thiel, M.

Abstract

Small marine decapods often associatewith other invertebrates in order to gain protection frompredators. However, the factors that influence host choice by symbionts, such as shrimps, are poorly understood but may have important implications for the distribution and abundance of these mesoconsumers. In Hong Kong, the rhynchocinetid shrimp Rhynchocinetes brucei uses two alternative hosts: an urchin (Diadema setosum) and an anemone (Entacmaea quadricolor).We examined the association between R. brucei and its anemone and urchin hosts in the field and laboratory, investigating host choice and host fidelity. Underwater surveys on shallowrocky reefs in Hong Kong revealed that shrimps were rarely found outside refuges, such as crevices and holes, unless they were associated with anemones and urchins. Shrimps were more frequently associated with urchins than with anemones, although anemones were more abundant within the survey area. Host-choice experiments in the laboratory confirmed that, when given a choice, shrimps avoided open areas and associated with anemones, urchins or artificial refuges. Shrimps overwhelmingly chose urchins over artificial refuges, but did not show any clear preference for anemones over refuges. When offered a choice, shrimps displayed fidelity for their original host species (i.e. the host with which they were associated when collected from the field), suggesting that they imprinted upon the host. Host-imprinting may allow symbionts to efficiently relocate their original host species after separation (e.g. following nocturnal foraging trips) thereby, perhaps, reducing the risk of predation. However, host preference by R. brucei was facultative because shrimps would associate with an unfamiliar host when their original host was unavailable. This flexibility may allowshrimps to respond to local variability in host abundance. Host-use patterns and factors influencing the choice between anemone and urchin hosts by a caridean shrimp. Available from: ht

Published
2013
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36. Effects of predation and habitat structure on the abundance and population structure of the rock shrimp Rhynchocinetes typus (Caridea) on temperate rocky reefs

Author

Ory, Nicolas, Dudgeon, D., Dumont, C. P., Miranda, L., Thiel, M., Ory, Nicolas, Dudgeon, D., Dumont, C. P., Miranda, L., and Thiel, M.

Abstract

Human disturbances, such as overfishing, may disrupt predator-prey interactions and modify food webs. Underwater surveys were carried out at six shallow-water reef barrens in temperate waters of northern-central Chile from October to December 2010 to describe the effects of predation, habitat complexity (low, medium and high) and refuge availability on the abundance and population structure of the rock shrimp Rhynchocinetes typus (Rhynchocinetidae), an important mesoconsumer on subtidal hard substrata. Three sites were within managed (restricted access) areas for fishermen, and three were unmanaged (open-access). Field observations and tethering experiments were conducted to examine the relationship between fish and shrimp abundances, and the relative predation rates on shrimps. Direct effects of predation on R. typus body-size distribution were examined from shrimps collected in the field and fish stomachs. The presence and the abundance of R. typus increased with habitat reef complexity and refuge availability. Shrimp abundance was negatively related to fish abundance in managed areas, but not in open-access areas, where shrimp densities were the highest. Also, predation rates and body-size distribution of shrimps were unrelated, although fish consumed more large shrimps than should be expected from their distribution in the field. R. typus occurred most often in shelters with wide openings, offering limited protection against predators, but providing potential aggregation sites for shrimps. Overall, direct effects of predation on shrimp densities and population structure were weak, but indirect effects on shrimp distribution within reefs appear to have been mediated through behavioural responses. Our study highlights the need to assess both numerical and behavioural responses of prey to determine the effects of predator loss on mesoconsumer populations.

Published
2012
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37. Global distribution of a key trophic guild contrasts with common latitudinal diversity patterns

Author

Boyero, Luz, Pearson, R.G., Dudgeon, D., Graça, M.A.S., Gessner, M.O., Albariño, R.J., Ferreira, V., Yule, C.M., Boulton, A.J., Arunachalam, M., Callisto, M., Chauvet, E., Ramírez, A., Chará, J., Moretti, M.S., Gonçalves Jr. J.F., Helson, J.E., Chará-Serna, A.M., Encalada, A., Davies, J.N., Lamothe, S., Cornejo, Aydeè, Li, A.O.Y., Buria, L.M., Villanueva, V.D., Zúñiga, M.C., Pringle, C.M., Boyero, Luz, Pearson, R.G., Dudgeon, D., Graça, M.A.S., Gessner, M.O., Albariño, R.J., Ferreira, V., Yule, C.M., Boulton, A.J., Arunachalam, M., Callisto, M., Chauvet, E., Ramírez, A., Chará, J., Moretti, M.S., Gonçalves Jr. J.F., Helson, J.E., Chará-Serna, A.M., Encalada, A., Davies, J.N., Lamothe, S., Cornejo, Aydeè, Li, A.O.Y., Buria, L.M., Villanueva, V.D., Zúñiga, M.C., and Pringle, C.M.

Abstract

Most hypotheses explaining the general gradient of higher diversity toward the equator are implicit or explicit about greater species packing in the tropics. However, global patterns of diversity within guilds, including trophic guilds (i.e., groups of organisms that use similar food resources), are poorly known. We explored global diversity patterns of a key trophic guild in stream ecosystems, the detritivore shredders. This was motivated by the fundamental ecological role of shredders as decomposers of leaf litter and by some records pointing to low shredder diversity and abundance in the tropics, which contrasts with diversity patterns of most major taxa for which broad-scale latitudinal patterns haven been examined. Given this evidence, we hypothesized that shredders are more abundant and diverse in temperate than in tropical streams, and that this pattern is related to the higher temperatures and lower availability of high-quality leaf litter in the tropics. Our comprehensive global survey (129 stream sites from 14 regions on six continents) corroborated the expectedlatitudinal pattern and showed that shredder distribution (abundance, diversity and assemblage composition) was explained by a combination of factors, including water temperature (some taxa were restricted to cool waters) and biogeography (some taxa were more diverse in particular biogeographic realms). In contrast to our hypothesis, shredder diversity was unrelated to leaf toughness, but it was inversely related to litter diversity. Our findings markedly contrast with global trends of diversity for most taxa, and with the general rule of higher consumer diversity at higher levels of resource diversity. Moreover, they highlight the emerging role of temperature in understanding global patterns of diversity, which is of great relevance in the face of projected global warming. © 2011 by the Ecological Society of America.

Published
2011

39. Identification and characterization of a 'biomarker of toxicity' from the proteome of the paralytic shellfish toxin-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense (Dinophyceae)

Author

Chan, LL, Sit, WH, Lam, PKS, Hsieh, DPH, Hodgkiss, IJ, Wan, JMF, Ho, AYT, Choi, NMC, Wang, DZ, Dudgeon, D., Chan, LL, Sit, WH, Lam, PKS, Hsieh, DPH, Hodgkiss, IJ, Wan, JMF, Ho, AYT, Choi, NMC, Wang, DZ, and Dudgeon, D.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to identify and characterize a "biomarker of toxicity" from the proteome of Alexandrium tamarense, a paralytic shellfish toxin (PST)-producing dinoflagellate. A combination of 2-DE and MS approaches was employed to identify proteins of interest in the vegetative cells of several strains of A. tamarense with different toxin compositions and from different geographical locations. The electrophoretic analysis of the total water-soluble proteins from these toxic strains by 2-DE showed that several abundant proteins, namely AT-T1, AT-T2 and AT-T3, differing slightly in apparent M-r and pIs, were consistently present in all toxic strains of A. tamarense. Further analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and N-terminal amino acid sequencing revealed that they are isoforms of the same protein. Even more intriguing is that these proteins in A. tamarense have similar amino acid sequences and are closely related to a "biomarker of toxicity" previously reported in A. minutum. Unambiguous and highly species-specific identification was later achieved by comparing the PMFs of proteins in these two species. An initial attempt to characterize these proteins by generation of murine polyclonal antibodies against the AT-T1 protein was successful. Western blot analysis using the murine AT-T1-polycolonal antibodies identified all the toxic strains of A. tamarense and A. minutum, but not the nontoxic strain of A. tamarense. These results indicate that these protein characteristics for toxic strains are species-specific and that they are stable properties of the tested algae which are clearly distinguishable irrespective of geographical location and toxin composition. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the use of polyclonal antibodies against marker proteins purified from 2-DE gels to distinguish different strains and species of the PST-producing dinoflagellate Alexandrium. It provides the basis for the production of monoclonal antibody probes against t

Published
2006

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