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1. Cryptic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Washington state

Author

Bedford, Trevor, Greninger, Alexander L, Roychoudhury, Pavitra, Starita, Lea M, Famulare, Michael, Huang, Meei-Li, Nalla, Arun, Pepper, Gregory, Reinhardt, Adam, Xie, Hong, Shrestha, Lasata, Nguyen, Truong N, Adler, Amanda, Brandstetter, Elisabeth, Cho, Shari, Giroux, Danielle, Han, Peter D, Fay, Kairsten, Frazar, Chris D, Ilcisin, Misja, Lacombe, Kirsten, Lee, Jover, Kiavand, Anahita, Richardson, Matthew, Sibley, Thomas R, Truong, Melissa, Wolf, Caitlin R, Nickerson, Deborah A, Rieder, Mark J, Englund, Janet A, Hadfield, James, Hodcroft, Emma B, Huddleston, John, Moncla, Louise H, Müller, Nicola F, Neher, Richard A, Deng, Xianding, Gu, Wei, Federman, Scot, Chiu, Charles, Duchin, Jeffrey S, Gautom, Romesh, Melly, Geoff, Hiatt, Brian, Dykema, Philip, Lindquist, Scott, Queen, Krista, Tao, Ying, Uehara, Anna, Tong, Suxiang, MacCannell, Duncan, Armstrong, Gregory L, Baird, Geoffrey S, Chu, Helen Y, Shendure, Jay, Jerome, Keith R, Boeckh, Michael, Lutz, Barry R, Thompson, Matthew, Huang, Shichu, Jackson, Michael L, Kimball, Louise E, Logue, Jennifer, Lyon, Victoria, Newman, Kira L, and Suchsland, Monica L Zigman

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Pneumonia & Influenza, Lung, Prevention, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biodefense, Vaccine Related, Pneumonia, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Bayes Theorem, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Coronavirus Infections, Genome, Viral, Humans, Likelihood Functions, Pandemics, Phylogeny, Pneumonia, Viral, SARS-CoV-2, Washington, Seattle Flu Study Investigators, General Science & Technology
Abstract

After its emergence in Wuhan, China, in late November or early December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus rapidly spread globally. Genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 allows the reconstruction of its transmission history, although this is contingent on sampling. We analyzed 453 SARS-CoV-2 genomes collected between 20 February and 15 March 2020 from infected patients in Washington state in the United States. We find that most SARS-CoV-2 infections sampled during this time derive from a single introduction in late January or early February 2020, which subsequently spread locally before active community surveillance was implemented.

Published
2020

2. Human Parainfluenza Virus in Homeless Shelters before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic, Washington, USA

Author

Chow, Eric J., Casto, Amanda M., Sampoleo, Reigran, Mills, Margaret G., Han, Peter D., Xie, Hong, Pfau, Brian, Nguyen, Tien V., Sereewit, Jaydee, Rogers, Julia H., Cox, Sarah N., Rolfes, Melissa A., Ogokeh, Constance, Mosites, Emily, Uyeki, Timothy M., Greninger, Alexander L., Hughes, James P., Shim, M. Mia, Sugg, Nancy, Duchin, Jeffrey S., Starita, Lea M., Englund, Janet A., Roychoudhury, Pavitra, and Chu, Helen Y.

Subjects
Washington -- Health aspects, Parainfluenza viruses -- Distribution, Respiratory tract infections -- Causes of -- Demographic aspects, Pediatric research, Homeless shelters -- Health aspects, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) contributes to acute respiratory tract infection burden in young children (1) and adults (2). Persons experiencing homelessness are among those at risk for respiratory viral complications [...]

Published
2022
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3. The clinical and genomic epidemiology of seasonal human coronaviruses in congregate homeless shelter settings: A repeated cross-sectional study

Author

Chow, Eric J., Casto, Amanda M., Rogers, Julia H., Roychoudhury, Pavitra, Han, Peter D., Xie, Hong, Mills, Margaret G., Nguyen, Tien V., Pfau, Brian, Cox, Sarah N., Wolf, Caitlin R., Hughes, James P., Uyeki, Timothy M., Rolfes, Melissa A., Mosites, Emily, Shim, M. Mia, Duchin, Jeffrey S., Sugg, Nancy, Starita, Lea A., Englund, Janet A., and Chu, Helen Y.

Published
2022
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4. COVID-19 Outbreak Among Three Affiliated Homeless Service Sites — King County, Washington, 2020

Author

Tobolowsky, Farrell A., Gonzales, Elysia, Self, Julie L., Rao, Carol Y., Keating, Ryan, Marx, Grace E., McMichael, Temet M., Lukoff, Margaret D., Duchin, Jeffrey S., Huster, Karin, Rauch, Jody, McLendon, Hedda, Hanson, Matthew, Nichols, Dave, Pogosjans, Sargis, Fagalde, Meaghan, Lenahan, Jennifer, Maier, Emily, Whitney, Holly, Sugg, Nancy, Chu, Helen, Rogers, Julia, Mosites, Emily, and Kay, Meagan

Published
2020

5. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Among Residents and Staff Members of an Independent and Assisted Living Community for Older Adults — Seattle, Washington, 2020

Author

Roxby, Alison C., Greninger, Alexander L., Hatfield, Kelly M., Lynch, John B., Dellit, Timothy H., James, Allison, Taylor, Joanne, Page, Libby C., Kimball, Anne, Arons, Melissa, Schieve, Laura A., Munanga, Albert, Stone, Nimalie, Jernigan, John A., Reddy, Sujan C., Lewis, James, Cohen, Seth A., Jerome, Keith R., Duchin, Jeffrey S., and Neme, Santiago

Published
2020

6. Asymptomatic and Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Residents of a Long-Term Care Skilled Nursing Facility — King County, Washington, March 2020

Author

Public Health – Seattle & King County, CDC COVID-19 Investigation Team, Kimball, Anne, Hatfield, Kelly M., Arons, Melissa, James, Allison, Taylor, Joanne, Spicer, Kevin, Bardossy, Ana C., Oakley, Lisa P., Tanwar, Sukarma, Chisty, Zeshan, Bell, Jeneita M., Methner, Mark, Harney, Josh, Jacobs, Jesica R., Carlson, Christina M., McLaughlin, Heather P., Stone, Nimalie, Clark, Shauna, Brostrom-Smith, Claire, Page, Libby C., Kay, Meagan, Lewis, James, Russell, Denny, Hiatt, Brian, Gant, Jessica, Duchin, Jeffrey S., Clark, Thomas A., Honein, Margaret A., Reddy, Sujan C., and Jernigan, John A.

Published
2020

7. COVID-19 in a Long-Term Care Facility — King County, Washington, February 27–March 9, 2020

Author

Public Health – Seattle & King County, EvergreenHealth, CDC COVID-19 Investigation Team, McMichael, Temet M., Clark, Shauna, Pogosjans, Sargis, Kay, Meagan, Lewis, James, Baer, Atar, Kawakami, Vance, Lukoff, Margaret D., Ferro, Jessica, Brostrom-Smith, Claire, Riedo, Francis X., Russell, Denny, Hiatt, Brian, Montgomery, Patricia, Rao, Agam K., Currie, Dustin W., Chow, Eric J., Tobolowsky, Farrell, Bardossy, Ana C., Oakley, Lisa P., Jacobs, Jesica R., Schwartz, Noah G., Stone, Nimalie, Reddy, Sujan C., Jernigan, John A., Honein, Margaret A., Clark, Thomas A., and Duchin, Jeffrey S.

Published
2020

9. Signs, Symptoms, and Comorbidities Associated With Onset and Prognosis of COVID-19 in a Nursing Home

Author

Tobolowsky, Farrell A., Bardossy, Ana C., Currie, Dustin W., Schwartz, Noah G., Zacks, Rachael L.T., Chow, Eric J., Dyal, Jonathan W., Ali, Hammad, Kay, Meagan, Duchin, Jeffrey S., Brostrom-Smith, Claire, Clark, Shauna, Sykes, Kaitlyn, Jernigan, John A., Honein, Margaret A., Clark, Thomas A., Stone, Nimalie D., Reddy, Sujan C., and Rao, Agam K.

Published
2021
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10. Western Washington State COVID-19 Experience: Keys to Flattening the Curve and Effective Health System Response

Author

Lewis, James, Duchin, Jeffrey S., Jerome, Keith R., Baird, Geoffrey S., Stern, Susan A., Dellit, Timothy H., Simpson, Louise, Lien, Onora, Sugg, Nancy K., Kay, Meagan, Sanders, Benjamin, Lukoff, Margaret D., von Preyss-Friedman, Sabine, Valenzuela, Matias, Bryson-Cahn, Chloe, Pan, Hanh, Mitchell, Steven H., Bulger, Eileen M., Duber, Herbert C., Greninger, Alexander L., Ong, Thuan D., Morris, Stephen C., Chew, Lisa D., Haffner, Tom M., Sakata, Vicki L., and Lynch, John B.

Published
2020
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13. Investigation and Serologic Follow-Up of Contacts of Early Confirmed Case-Patient with COVID-19, Washington, USA

Author

Chu, Victoria T., Freeman-Ponder, Brandi, Lindquist, Scott, Spitters, Christopher, Kawakami, Vance, Dyal, Jonathan W., Clark, Shauna, Bruce, Hollianne, Duchin, Jeffrey S., DeBolt, Chas, Podczervinski, Sara, D'Angeli, Marisa, Pettrone, Kristen, Zacks, Rachael, Vahey, Grace, Holshue, Michelle L., Lang, Misty, Burke, Rachel M., Rolfes, Melissa A., Marlow, Mariel, Midgley, Claire M., Lu, Xiaoyan, Lindstrom, Stephen, Hall, Aron J., Fry, Alicia M., Thornburg, Natalie J., Gerber, Susan I., Pillai, Satish K., and Biggs, Holly M.

Subjects
Severe acute respiratory syndrome -- Health aspects, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay -- Health aspects, Coronaviruses -- Health aspects, Type 2 diabetes -- Health aspects, COVID-19 -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

In December 2019, a viral pneumonia outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, before spreading rapidly to other provinces in China and then [...]

Published
2020
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14. Effects of Air Pollution and Other Environmental Exposures on Estimates of Severe Influenza Illness, Washington, USA

Author

Somayaji, Ranjani, Neradilek, Moni B., Szpiro, Adam A., Lofy, Kathryn H., Jackson, Michael L., Goss, Christopher H., Duchin, Jeffrey S., Neuzil, Kathleen M., and Ortiz, Justin R.

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -- Analysis -- Evaluation, Air pollution -- Analysis, Environmental toxicology -- Analysis, Medical research -- Analysis, Influenza -- Analysis, Humidity, Pollution, Diseases, Health
Abstract

Seasonal influenza is associated with an estimated 3,300-48,000 annual deaths in the United States (1) and has a major global impact on economies and health (2-4). Prospective surveillance with specific [...]

Published
2020
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15. Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic: Updating Our Approach to Masking in Health Care Facilities.

Author

Chow, Eric J., Lynch, John B., Zerr, Danielle M., Riedo, Francis X., Fairchok, Mary, Pergam, Steven A., Baliga, Christopher S., Pauk, John, Lewis, James, and Duchin, Jeffrey S.

Subjects
HEALTH facilities, COVID-19 pandemic, MEDICAL personnel, N95 respirators, MEDICAL masks
Abstract

This article, titled "Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic: Updating Our Approach to Masking in Health Care Facilities," discusses the importance of wearing masks in healthcare settings to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses. The authors recommend the use of respirators for the highest level of protection, but acknowledge that in situations where respirators are not feasible, universal wearing of surgical masks can still be effective. They also emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to reduce viral transmission, including measures such as ventilation, vaccination, sick leave policies, and symptom screening. The authors of the article are Eric J. Chow, John B. Lynch, Danielle M. Zerr, Francis X. Riedo, Mary Fairchok, Steven A. Pergam, Christopher S. Baliga, John Pauk, James Lewis, and Jeffrey S. Duchin. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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17. Variation in life expectancy and mortality by cause among neighbourhoods in King County, WA, USA, 1990–2014: a census tract-level analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author

Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura, Stubbs, Rebecca W, Bertozzi-Villa, Amelia, Morozoff, Chloe, Callender, Charlton, Finegold, Samuel B, Shirude, Shreya, Flaxman, Abraham D, Laurent, Amy, Kern, Eli, Duchin, Jeffrey S, Fleming, David, Mokdad, Ali H, and Murray, Christopher J L

Published
2017
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22. Respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory virus infections in residents of homeless shelters – King County, Washington, 2019–2021.

Author

McCulloch, Denise J., Rogers, Julia H., Wang, Yongzhe, Chow, Eric J., Link, Amy C., Wolf, Caitlin R., Uyeki, Timothy M., Rolfes, Melissa A., Mosites, Emily, Sereewit, Jaydee, Duchin, Jeffrey S., Sugg, Nancy K., Greninger, Alexander L., Boeckh, Michael J., Englund, Janet A., Shendure, Jay, Hughes, James P., Starita, Lea M., Roychoudhury, Pavitra, and Chu, Helen Y.

Subjects
RESPIRATORY syncytial virus, HOMELESS shelters, VIRUS diseases, RESPIRATORY infections, RESPIRATORY syncytial virus infections, PLANT viruses
Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes disproportionate morbidity and mortality in vulnerable populations. We tested residents of homeless shelters in Seattle, Washington for RSV in a repeated cross‐sectional study as part of community surveillance for respiratory viruses. Of 15 364 specimens tested, 35 had RSV detected, compared to 77 with influenza. The most common symptoms for both RSV and influenza were cough and rhinorrhea. Many individuals with RSV (39%) and influenza (58%) reported that their illness significantly impacted their ability to perform their regular activities. RSV and influenza demonstrated similar clinical presentations and burden of illness in vulnerable populations living in congregate settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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24. Trends in the Use of Face Coverings in Publicly Accessible Spaces During the COVID-19 Pandemic, King County, Washington, November 2020–May 2021

Author

Tolentino, Lorenzo, primary, Guthrie, Brandon, additional, Baker, Marissa G., additional, Beck, Nicola K., additional, Chan, Nadine, additional, Duchin, Jeffrey S., additional, Gomez, Anthony, additional, Simckes, Maayan, additional, Wasserman, Cathy, additional, Cohen, Martin A., additional, and Wasserheit, Judith N., additional

Published
2022
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25. The Clinical and Genomic Epidemiology of Rhinovirus in Homeless Shelters—King County, Washington

Author

Chow, Eric J, primary, Casto, Amanda M, additional, Roychoudhury, Pavitra, additional, Han, Peter D, additional, Xie, Hong, additional, Pfau, Brian, additional, Nguyen, Tien V, additional, Sereewit, Jaydee, additional, Rogers, Julia H, additional, Cox, Sarah N, additional, Wolf, Caitlin R, additional, Rolfes, Melissa A, additional, Mosites, Emily, additional, Uyeki, Timothy M, additional, Greninger, Alexander L, additional, Hughes, James P, additional, Shim, M Mia, additional, Sugg, Nancy, additional, Duchin, Jeffrey S, additional, Starita, Lea M, additional, Englund, Janet A, additional, and Chu, Helen Y, additional

Published
2022
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26. Characterization of a multidrug-resistant, novel bacteroides genomospecies

Author

Salipante, Stephen J., Kalapila, Aley, Pottinger, Paul S., Hoogestraat, Daniel R., Cummings, Lisa, Duchin, Jeffrey S., Sengupta, Dhruba J., Pergam, Steven A., Cookson, Brad T., and Butler-Wu, Susan M.

Subjects
Bacterial infections -- Risk factors -- Genetic aspects -- Diagnosis -- Research, Anaerobic bacteria -- Genetic aspects -- Distribution -- Research, Microbial drug resistance -- Complications and side effects -- Genetic aspects -- Diagnosis -- Research, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

We previously reported a 2013 case of intraabdominal abscesses and bacteremia caused by a multidrugresistant anaerobe identified as Bacteroides fragilis (1). In brief, unremitting abdominal pain developed in a 71-yearold [...]

Published
2015
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27. Climate Change and the Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases in the United States.

Author

Edelson, Paul J, Harold, Rachel, Ackelsberg, Joel, Duchin, Jeffrey S, Lawrence, Steven J, Manabe, Yukari C, Zahn, Matt, and LaRocque, Regina C

Subjects
COMMUNICABLE disease epidemiology, COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS, FOSSIL fuels, AQUATIC microbiology, INFECTIOUS disease transmission, DISEASE prevalence, VECTOR-borne diseases, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, CLIMATE change
Abstract

The earth is rapidly warming, driven by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and other gases that result primarily from fossil fuel combustion. In addition to causing arctic ice melting and extreme weather events, climatologic factors are linked strongly to the transmission of many infectious diseases. Changes in the prevalence of infectious diseases not only reflect the impacts of temperature, humidity, and other weather-related phenomena on pathogens, vectors, and animal hosts but are also part of a complex of social and environmental factors that will be affected by climate change, including land use, migration, and vector control. Vector- and waterborne diseases and coccidioidomycosis are all likely to be affected by a warming planet; there is also potential for climate-driven impacts on emerging infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance. Additional resources for surveillance and public health activities are urgently needed, as well as systematic education of clinicians on the health impacts of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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31. Asymptomatic and Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Residents of a Long-Term Care Skilled Nursing Facility — King County, Washington, March 2020

Author

Kimball, Anne, Hatfield, Kelly M., Arons, Melissa, James, Allison, Taylor, Joanne, Spicer, Kevin, Bardossy, Ana C., Oakley, Lisa P., Tanwar, Sukarma, Chisty, Zeshan, Bell, Jeneita M., Methner, Mark, Harney, Josh, Jacobs, Jesica R., Carlson, Christina M., McLaughlin, Heather P., Stone, Nimalie, Clark, Shauna, Brostrom-Smith, Claire, Page, Libby C., Kay, Meagan, Lewis, James, Russell, Denny, Hiatt, Brian, Gant, Jessica, Duchin, Jeffrey S., Clark, Thomas A., Honein, Margaret A., Reddy, Sujan C., Jernigan, John A., Baer, Atar, Barnard, Leslie M., Benoliel, Eileen, Fagalde, Meaghan S., Ferro, Jessica, Smith, Hal Garcia, Gonzales, Elysia, Hatley, Noel, Hatt, Grace, Hope, Michaela, Huntington-Frazier, Melinda, Kawakami, Vance, Lenahan, Jennifer L., Lukoff, Margaret D., Maier, Emily B., McKeirnan, Shelly, Montgomery, Patricia, Morgan, Jennifer L., Mummert, Laura A., Pogosjans, Sargis, Riedo, Francis X., Schwarcz, Leilani, Smith, Daniel, Stearns, Steve, Sykes, Kaitlyn J., Whitney, Holly, Ali, Hammad, Banks, Michelle, Balajee, Arun, Chow, Eric J., Cooper, Barbara, Currie, Dustin W., Dyal, Jonathan, Healy, Jessica, Hughes, Michael, McMichael, Temet M., Nolen, Leisha, Olson, Christine, Rao, Agam K., Schmit, Kristine, Schwartz, Noah G., Tobolowsky, Farrell, Zacks, Rachael, and Zane, Suzanne

Subjects
Male, Washington, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Epidemiology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Pneumonia, Viral, 01 natural sciences, Asymptomatic, Disease Outbreaks, Betacoronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, COVID-19 Testing, 0302 clinical medicine, Health Information Management, Pandemic, medicine, Humans, Infection control, Full Report, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0101 mathematics, Pandemics, Personal protective equipment, Aged, Skilled Nursing Facilities, Asymptomatic Diseases, Aged, 80 and over, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, 010102 general mathematics, COVID-19, Outbreak, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Long-Term Care, Long-term care, Pneumonia, Emergency medicine, Female, medicine.symptom, Coronavirus Infections, business
Abstract

Older adults are susceptible to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes as a consequence of their age and, in some cases, underlying health conditions (1). A COVID-19 outbreak in a long-term care skilled nursing facility (SNF) in King County, Washington that was first identified on February 28, 2020, highlighted the potential for rapid spread among residents of these types of facilities (2). On March 1, a health care provider at a second long-term care skilled nursing facility (facility A) in King County, Washington, had a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19, after working while symptomatic on February 26 and 28. By March 6, seven residents of this second facility were symptomatic and had positive test results for SARS-CoV-2. On March 13, CDC performed symptom assessments and SARS-CoV-2 testing for 76 (93%) of the 82 facility A residents to evaluate the utility of symptom screening for identification of COVID-19 in SNF residents. Residents were categorized as asymptomatic or symptomatic at the time of testing, based on the absence or presence of fever, cough, shortness of breath, or other symptoms on the day of testing or during the preceding 14 days. Among 23 (30%) residents with positive test results, 10 (43%) had symptoms on the date of testing, and 13 (57%) were asymptomatic. Seven days after testing, 10 of these 13 previously asymptomatic residents had developed symptoms and were recategorized as presymptomatic at the time of testing. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing cycle threshold (Ct) values indicated large quantities of viral RNA in asymptomatic, presymptomatic, and symptomatic residents, suggesting the potential for transmission regardless of symptoms. Symptom-based screening in SNFs could fail to identify approximately half of residents with COVID-19. Long-term care facilities should take proactive steps to prevent introduction of SARS-CoV-2 (3). Once a confirmed case is identified in an SNF, all residents should be placed on isolation precautions if possible (3), with considerations for extended use or reuse of personal protective equipment (PPE) as needed (4).

Published
2020

32. Timing of Community Mitigation and Changes in Reported COVID-19 and Community Mobility ― Four U.S. Metropolitan Areas, February 26–April 1, 2020

Author

Lasry, Arielle, Kidder, Daniel, Hast, Marisa, Poovey, Jason, Sunshine, Gregory, Winglee, Kathryn, Zviedrite, Nicole, Ahmed, Faruque, Ethier, Kathleen A., Clodfelter, Catherine, Howard-Williams, Mara, Hulkower, Rachel, Jeong, Gi, Landsman, Lisa, McCord, Russell, Moreland, Amanda, Shelburne, Julia, Billioux, Alexander, Hand, Julie, Kanter, Joseph, Smith, Andrew, Sokol, Theresa, Duchin, Jeffrey S., Fagalde, Meaghan S., Pogosjans, Sargis, Brown, Robert, Huang, Sandra, Moss, Nicholas, Pan, Erica, Shemsu, Munira, Yette, Emily, Bock, Carly, Curtis-Robles, Rachel, Lockett, Cassius, Morrow, Scott, Sallenave, Catherine, Santora, Lisa, and Willis, Matthew

Subjects
Health (social science), Time Factors, Urban Population, Epidemiology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, Community organization, Pneumonia, Viral, Psychological intervention, Public policy, Public Policy, 01 natural sciences, Proxy (climate), Etiquette, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Health Information Management, Pandemic, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Full Report, 0101 mathematics, Socioeconomics, Pandemics, media_common, business.industry, Social distance, 010102 general mathematics, COVID-19, General Medicine, Metropolitan area, United States, Communicable Disease Control, business, Coronavirus Infections
Abstract

Community mitigation activities (also referred to as nonpharmaceutical interventions) are actions that persons and communities can take to slow the spread of infectious diseases. Mitigation strategies include personal protective measures (e.g., handwashing, cough etiquette, and face coverings) that persons can use at home or while in community settings; social distancing (e.g., maintaining physical distance between persons in community settings and staying at home); and environmental surface cleaning at home and in community settings, such as schools or workplaces. Actions such as social distancing are especially critical when medical countermeasures such as vaccines or therapeutics are not available. Although voluntary adoption of social distancing by the public and community organizations is possible, public policy can enhance implementation. The CDC Community Mitigation Framework (1) recommends a phased approach to implementation at the community level, as evidence of community spread of disease increases or begins to decrease and according to severity. This report presents initial data from the metropolitan areas of San Francisco, California; Seattle, Washington; New Orleans, Louisiana; and New York City, New York* to describe the relationship between timing of public policy measures, community mobility (a proxy measure for social distancing), and temporal trends in reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Community mobility in all four locations declined from February 26, 2020 to April 1, 2020, decreasing with each policy issued and as case counts increased. This report suggests that public policy measures are an important tool to support social distancing and provides some very early indications that these measures might help slow the spread of COVID-19.

Published
2020

33. COVID-19 in a Long-Term Care Facility — King County, Washington, February 27–March 9, 2020

Author

McMichael, Temet M., Clark, Shauna, Pogosjans, Sargis, Kay, Meagan, Lewis, James, Baer, Atar, Kawakami, Vance, Lukoff, Margaret D., Ferro, Jessica, Brostrom-Smith, Claire, Riedo, Francis X., Russell, Denny, Hiatt, Brian, Montgomery, Patricia, Rao, Agam K., Currie, Dustin W., Chow, Eric J., Tobolowsky, Farrell, Bardossy, Ana C., Oakley, Lisa P., Jacobs, Jesica R., Schwartz, Noah G., Stone, Nimalie, Reddy, Sujan C., Jernigan, John A., Honein, Margaret A., Clark, Thomas A., Duchin, Jeffrey S., Fagalde, Meaghan S., Lenahan, Jennifer L., Maier, Emily B., Sykes, Kaitlyn J., Hatt, Grace, Whitney, Holly, Huntington-Frazier, Melinda, Gonzales, Elysia, Mummert, Laura A., Smith, Hal Garcia, Stearns, Steve, Benoliel, Eileen, McKeirnan, Shelly, Morgan, Jennifer L., Smith, Daniel, Hope, Michaela, Hatley, Noel, Barnard, Leslie M., Schwarcz, Leilani, Yarid, Nicole, Yim, Eric, Kreider, Sandra, Barr, Dawn, Wilde, Nancy, Dorman, Courtney, Lam, Airin, Harris, Jeanette, Bruce, Hollianne, Spitters, Christopher, District, Snohomish Health, Zacks, Rachael, Dyal, Jonathan, Hughes, Michael, Carlson, Christina, Cooper, Barbara, Banks, Michelle, McLaughlin, Heather, Balajee, Arun, Olson, Christine, Zane, Suzanne, Ali, Hammad, Healy, Jessica, Schmit, Kristine, Spicer, Kevin, Chisty, Zeshan, Tanwar, Sukarma, Taylor, Joanne, Nolen, Leisha, Bell, Jeneita, Hatfield, Kelly, Arons, Melissa, Kimball, Anne, James, Allison, Methner, Mark, and Harney, Joshua

Subjects
Adult, Male, Washington, Health (social science), Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Epidemiology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Pneumonia, Viral, MEDLINE, Severe disease, Disease, 01 natural sciences, Residential Facilities, Disease Outbreaks, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Fatal Outcome, Health Information Management, Risk Factors, Infection control, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Full Report, 0101 mathematics, Aged, Skilled Nursing Facilities, Aged, 80 and over, Infection Control, business.industry, 010102 general mathematics, COVID-19, General Medicine, Health care workforce, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Long-Term Care, Long-term care, Chronic Disease, Female, Medical emergency, Skilled Nursing Facility, business, Coronavirus Infections
Abstract

On February 28, 2020, a case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was identified in a woman resident of a long-term care skilled nursing facility (facility A) in King County, Washington.* Epidemiologic investigation of facility A identified 129 cases of COVID-19 associated with facility A, including 81 of the residents, 34 staff members, and 14 visitors; 23 persons died. Limitations in effective infection control and prevention and staff members working in multiple facilities contributed to intra- and interfacility spread. COVID-19 can spread rapidly in long-term residential care facilities, and persons with chronic underlying medical conditions are at greater risk for COVID-19-associated severe disease and death. Long-term care facilities should take proactive steps to protect the health of residents and preserve the health care workforce by identifying and excluding potentially infected staff members and visitors, ensuring early recognition of potentially infected patients, and implementing appropriate infection control measures.

Published
2020

36. Recommendations for Postexposure Interventions to Prevent Infection with Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Tetanus in Persons Wounded During Bombings and Similar Mass-Casualty Events — United States, 2008: Recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Author

Chapman, Louisa E., Sullivent, Ernest E., Grohskopf, Lisa A., Beltrami, Elise M., Perz, Joseph F., Kretsinger, Katrina, Panlilio, Adelisa L., Thompson, Nicola D., Ehrenberg, Richard L., Gensheimer, Kathleen F., Duchin, Jeffrey S., Kilmarx, Peter H., and Hunt, Richard C.

Published
2008

41. Comparison of Symptoms and RNA Levels in Children and Adults With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Community Setting

Author

Chung, Erin, primary, Chow, Eric J., additional, Wilcox, Naomi C., additional, Burstein, Roy, additional, Brandstetter, Elisabeth, additional, Han, Peter D., additional, Fay, Kairsten, additional, Pfau, Brian, additional, Adler, Amanda, additional, Lacombe, Kirsten, additional, Lockwood, Christina M., additional, Uyeki, Timothy M., additional, Shendure, Jay, additional, Duchin, Jeffrey S., additional, Rieder, Mark J., additional, Nickerson, Deborah A., additional, Boeckh, Michael, additional, Famulare, Michael, additional, Hughes, James P., additional, Starita, Lea M., additional, Bedford, Trevor, additional, Englund, Janet A., additional, and Chu, Helen Y., additional

Published
2021
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45. Shedding of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus among health care personnel, Seattle, Washington, USA

Author

Kay, Meagan, Zerr, Danielle M., Englund, Janet A., Cadwell, Betsy L., Kuypers, Jane, Swenson, Paul, Kwan-Gett, Tao Sheng, Bell, Shaquita L., and Duchin, Jeffrey S.

Subjects
United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Epidemics -- Prevention, Health care industry, Influenza -- Prevention, Health care industry, Health
Abstract

Health care personnel (HCP) with influenza infections can transmit virus to patients. This finding is of particular concern for patients with underlying medical conditions and places them at risk for [...]

Published
2011
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47. Hospitalized patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza in the United States, April-June 2009

Author

Jain, Seema, Kamimoto, Laurie, Bramley, Anna M., Schmitz, Ann M., Benoit, Stephen R., Louie, Janice, Sugerman, David E., Druckenmiller Jean K., Ritger, Kathleen A., Chugh, Rashmi, Jasuja, Supriya, Deutscher, Meredith, Chen, Sanny, Walker, John D., Duchin, Jeffrey S., Lett, Susan, Soliva, Susan, Wells, Eden V., Swerdlow, David, Uyeki, Timothy M., Fiore, Anthony E., Olsen, Sonja J., Fry, Alicia M., Bridges, Carolyn B., and Finelli, Lyn

Subjects
Company business management, Antiviral agents -- Usage, Influenza research -- 2009 AD, Intensive care units -- Management, Reverse transcriptase -- Research, Swine influenza -- Causes of, Swine influenza -- Drug therapy, Swine influenza -- Control
Abstract

The study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with 2009 H1N1 influenza in the United States during the period of April to June, 2009. The results indicate that nearly 3/4th of the patients had some underlying medical conditions and also seemed to benefit from antiviral therapy.

Published
2009

48. Carbon monoxide epidemic among immigrant populations: King County, Washington, 2006

Author

Gulati, Reena K., Kwan-Gett, Tao, Hampson, Neil B., Baer, Atar, Shusterman, Dennis, Shandro, Jamie R., and Duchin, Jeffrey S.

Subjects
Educational programs -- Usage, Educational programs -- Health aspects, Immigrants -- Health aspects, Carbon monoxide poisoning -- Risk factors, Carbon monoxide poisoning -- Diagnosis, Carbon monoxide poisoning -- Prevention, Carbon monoxide poisoning -- Research, Government, Health care industry
Abstract

Objectives. We investigated an outbreak of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning after a power outage to determine its extent, identify risk factors, and develop prevention measures. Methods. We reviewed medical records and medical examiner reports of patients with CO poisoning or related symptoms during December 15 to 24, 2006. We grouped patients into households exposed concurrently to a single source of CO. Results. Among 259 patients with CO poisoning, 204 cases were laboratory confirmed, 37 were probable, 10 were suspected, and 8 were fatal. Of 86 households studied, 58% (n=50) were immigrant households from Africa (n=21), Asia (n=15), Latin America (n=10), and the Middle East (n=4); 34% (n=29) were US-born households. One percent of households was European (n=1), and the origin for 7% (n=6) was unknown. Charcoal was the most common fuel source used among immigrant households (82%), whereas liquid fuel was predominant among US-born households (34%). Conclusions. Educational campaigns to prevent CO poisoning should consider immigrants' cultural practices and languages and specifically warn against burning charcoal indoors and incorrect ventilation of gasoline- or propane-powered electric generators. (doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.143222)

Published
2009

49. Viral genomes reveal patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Washington State

Author

Müller, Nicola F., primary, Wagner, Cassia, additional, Frazar, Chris D., additional, Roychoudhury, Pavitra, additional, Lee, Jover, additional, Moncla, Louise H., additional, Pelle, Benjamin, additional, Richardson, Matthew, additional, Ryke, Erica, additional, Xie, Hong, additional, Shrestha, Lasata, additional, Addetia, Amin, additional, Rachleff, Victoria M., additional, Lieberman, Nicole A. P., additional, Huang, Meei-Li, additional, Gautom, Romesh, additional, Melly, Geoff, additional, Hiatt, Brian, additional, Dykema, Philip, additional, Adler, Amanda, additional, Brandstetter, Elisabeth, additional, Han, Peter D., additional, Fay, Kairsten, additional, Ilcisin, Misja, additional, Lacombe, Kirsten, additional, Sibley, Thomas R., additional, Truong, Melissa, additional, Wolf, Caitlin R., additional, Boeckh, Michael, additional, Englund, Janet A., additional, Famulare, Michael, additional, Lutz, Barry R., additional, Rieder, Mark J., additional, Thompson, Matthew, additional, Duchin, Jeffrey S., additional, Starita, Lea M., additional, Chu, Helen Y., additional, Shendure, Jay, additional, Jerome, Keith R., additional, Lindquist, Scott, additional, Greninger, Alexander L., additional, Nickerson, Deborah A., additional, and Bedford, Trevor, additional

Published
2021
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