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Abstract: Background: Platelet donors receive 40 mmol or more of IV citrate anion during donation. When plasma ionized calcium ([Ca2+]) falls by ∼20%, half of the donors report symptoms of hypocalcemic toxicity. Citrus juices contain clinically relevant amounts of citrate anion. We asked whether citrus juice can lower [Ca2+] thus potentially contributing to hypocalcemic toxicity. Method: Six volunteers were given 20.4 mmol of citrate anion as grapefruit juice or orange juice. Capillary blood obtained by fingerstick was analyzed for [Ca2+] using an iSTAT point‐of‐care blood analyzer. [Ca2+] was measured at baseline and then 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after drinking juice. Subjects were tested with the alternative juice on a subsequent day. The outcome measure was the percent change in plasma [Ca2+] from baseline. Results: [Ca2+] fell −2.2% to −11.5% in four of six subjects 30 minutes after drinking grapefruit juice. The effect persisted up to 3 hours. [Ca2+] fell −2.1% to −12.2% in four of six subjects 30‐60 minutes after drinking orange juice. The effect abated after 2 hours. We could not correlate gender or body surface area to these findings. Summary and Conclusions: Citrus juice may lower [Ca2+] for 2‐3 hours. This could add to the effect of IV citrate infusion during platelet donation, thus worsening the expected fall in [Ca2+]. This, in turn, would likely increase the rate and severity of hypocalcemic toxicity. It is prudent to advise platelet donors to avoid high citrate anion beverages, such as citrus juice, for at least 4 hours prior to donation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Hypocalcemic toxicity, because of return of citrate anion to the donor, is the major toxicity of apheresis platelet donation. Oral calcium carbonate, given prophylactically at the start of donation, has shown limited ability to alleviate this toxicity. We examined whether repeated prophylactic doses of calcium carbonate, or of a liquid preparation containing calcium citrate, calcium phosphate, and vitamin D3, would be more effective at preventing symptoms of hypocalcemic toxicity. Symptoms were reported by 48% of donors who received no prophylaxis and 60% of donors who received 1000 mg of oral calcium carbonate at the start of, and every 20 minutes during, donation (P = 0.711). Only 19.2% of donors who received the liquid preparation (1000 mg calcium, 1000 IU vitamin D3) reported symptoms (P = 0.040 versus no prophylaxis, P = 0.039 versus calcium carbonate). This difference was not because of gender, weight, age, or blood volume of the donor. Neither calcium preparation prevented a measurable fall in plasma ionized calcium during donation. We conclude that liquid calcium citrate/calcium phosphate/vitamin D3 provides effective prophylaxis against hypocalcemic toxicity during platelet donation, however it does not prevent a fall in plasma ionized calcium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypocalcemic toxicity, because of return of citrate anion to the donor, is the major toxicity of apheresis platelet donation. Oral calcium carbonate, given prophylactically at the start of donation, has shown limited ability to alleviate this toxicity. We examined whether repeated prophylactic doses of calcium carbonate, or of a liquid preparation containing calcium citrate, calcium phosphate, and vitamin D 3 , would be more effective at preventing symptoms of hypocalcemic toxicity. Symptoms were reported by 48% of donors who received no prophylaxis and 60% of donors who received 1000 mg of oral calcium carbonate at the start of, and every 20 minutes during, donation (P = 0.711). Only 19.2% of donors who received the liquid preparation (1000 mg calcium, 1000 IU vitamin D 3 ) reported symptoms (P = 0.040 versus no prophylaxis, P = 0.039 versus calcium carbonate). This difference was not because of gender, weight, age, or blood volume of the donor. Neither calcium preparation prevented a measurable fall in plasma ionized calcium during donation. We conclude that liquid calcium citrate/calcium phosphate/vitamin D 3 provides effective prophylaxis against hypocalcemic toxicity during platelet donation, however it does not prevent a fall in plasma ionized calcium., (© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)