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Mentoring is considered an evidence-based practice for violence prevention. This study presents a partial replication of the "Take Charge!" program implemented in partnership with Big Brothers Big Sisters of America (BBBS). One hundred and eighty-eight early adolescents (M age = 12.87; 61.17% male) who were treated for peer-related assault injury in two urban mid-Atlantic emergency departments were randomly assigned to receive a mentor from two BBBS affiliates. Mentors and organization staff were trained in the "Take Charge!" violence prevention curriculum, which had previously shown evidence of efficacy. Intent-to-treat analyses showed statistically significant improvements in conflict avoidance self-efficacy for the intervention group at 9 months and reductions in fighting at 21 months, but an increase in parental report of aggression at 9 months. Complier average causal effect models revealed evidence of an additional effect for reduced problem behavior at 21 months for intervention adolescents who received a mentor. No effects were found for youth-reported aggression, retaliatory attitudes, deviance acceptance, or commitment to learning. Sensitivity analyses suggested increased aggressive behavior for adolescents in the intervention group who did not receive a mentor (i.e., non-compliers). These findings extend the evidence-base for "Take Charge!" as a violence prevention curriculum for youth already engaged in violence to "real-world" implementation settings. However, they also suggest that challenges associated with providing youth with mentors can be consequential and that additional supports may be needed for these youth/parents.

Objectives Performance evaluation of routine laboratory methods to determine the susceptibility of Enterobacterales urinary isolates to fosfomycin (oral administration) and mecillinam. Methods We collected 347 Enterobacterales isolates from monomicrobial midstream urine samples from women with significant bacteriuria and leukocyturia. Mostly non- Escherichia coli isolates (i.e. Klebsiella spp. Citrobacter koseri , Enterobacter cloacae complex and Proteus mirabilis) were included (n  = 298). Performance of VITEK®2, ETEST®, and disc diffusion to determine fosfomycin and mecillinam susceptibility was evaluated following International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 20776-2:2021 (or 20776-2:2007 for disc diffusion) in comparison with the agar dilution reference method. Results For fosfomycin testing, VITEK®2 and ETEST® were close to reaching ISO requirements (essential agreement  ≥ 90%; bias  ±30%) for C. koseri , E. coli and P. mirabilis. Categorical agreement (CA) and major error rates were acceptable for disc diffusion. Fosfomycin displayed lower activity against E. cloacae complex and Klebsiella spp. with MIC50 (minimum inhibitory concentration required to inhibit the growth of 50% of tested isolates) equal to the E. coli EUCAST breakpoint (8 mg/L). For these species, the three alternative techniques overestimated MICs and resistance, and did not meet performance criteria. For mecillinam testing of Enterobacterales isolates, apart from P. mirabilis , ETEST® nearly fulfilled ISO requirements, and CA rates were acceptable for disc diffusion. ISO criteria were reached for C. koseri and E. coli testing with VITEK®2, apart from too high rates of very major errors. For P. mirabilis, performances were unacceptable, whatever the routine method used. Conclusions Commercially available tests may serve as alternatives to agar dilution to assess fosfomycin (oral) and mecillinam susceptibility of Enterobacterales urinary isolates, with important interspecies variabilities. Additional studies comprising more fosfomycin- and mecillinam-resistant isolates are needed to strengthen our conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les recherches en psychologie positive suggèrent que certaines pratiques en psychothérapie engendrent des bénéfices cliniques importants, mais il n'est pas toujours clair pour les cliniciens quelles pratiques prioriser ou bien encore comment les intégrer en psychothérapie. Cette recherche vise à identifier et expliquer, pour les cliniciens, certaines pratiques cliniques à intégrer dans la pratique psychothérapeutique. Huit professionnels (incluant : professeurs-chercheurs, psychologues et étudiants au doctorat) se sont réunis durant six rencontres de deux heures afin d'identifier, classifier et décrire comment les résultats de recherches récentes pourraient informer les interventions auprès des clients. Ces conclusions ont subséquemment été spécifiées et bonifiées via une comparaison plus approfondie avec la littérature. Nous décrivons huit pratiques : (1) Évaluer également ce qui va bien chez les clients (2) Favoriser leur motivation autodéterminée ; (3) Mettre en valeur leurs forces et compétences ; (4) Mettre en lumière leur résilience ; (5) Favoriser l'autocompassion et la bienveillance ; (6) Favoriser le soutien et la cohésion sociale, notamment par la gratitude et la compassion ; (7) Favoriser le développement d'une mentalité de croissance ; et (8) Intégrer soi-même les principes qui favorisent le bien-être psychologique. Les cliniciens et leurs clients gagneraient à favoriser ces pratiques en psychothérapie. Research in positive psychology suggests that certain psychotherapy practices yield substantial clinical benefits, but it is not always clear to clinicians which practices to prioritize or how to integrate them into psychotherapy. This research aims to identify and explain, for clinicians, certain clinical practices to be integrated into psychotherapeutic practice. Eight professionals (including: professor-researchers, psychologists, and doctoral students) gathered during six two-hour meetings to identify, classify, and describe how the results of recent research could inform interventions with clients. These conclusions were subsequently specified and developed via a more in-depth comparison with the literature. We describe eight practices: (1) Also assess what is going well with clients (2) Foster their self-determined motivation; (3) Highlight their strengths and skills; (4) Highlight their resilience; (5) Promote self-compassion and loving-kindness; (6) Foster support and social cohesion through gratitude and compassion; (7) Foster the development of a growth mindset; and (8) Integrate, as a therapist, those same principles that promote psychological well-being. Clinicians and their clients would benefit from promoting these practices in psychotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conduct a laboratory experiment to test a continuous-time model that represents a dynamic groundwater extraction problem in an infinite horizon. We compare the observations to the equilibrium path of the usual behaviours, for the case where the player is alone in extracting the resource (optimal control) and when two players extract the same resource simultaneously (differential game). We use a within-subjects design. This allows us to identify individual profiles of players playing alone and then characterize groups based on their composition with respect to these individual behaviours. We find that approximately a quarter of the players and groups succeed in playing (significantly) optimally, and none behave myopically. Moreover having an agent that behaved optimally in the control in the pair increases the likelihood that the group cooperates. We also identify other categories of players and groups that allows us to classify an additional 50% of the observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]