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The annual increase in energy demand has led to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, in particular CO2 emissions from the power generation industry. Carbon Capture and Utilization are technologies applied to capture CO2 gases and transform the gases into a different energy source. The adsorption technology to capture CO2 gases was chosen due to the minimum energy consumption and low costs required for an industrial application for sustainability. Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) has a reasonably high CO2 adsorption capability. It has been applied as an adsorbent for capturing and storing CO2. In this study, a comparison of CFD simulation with experimental CO2 and methane adsorption values in solid adsorbent beds containing MOF-5 at various temperatures was presented. The simulation was performed using 2D and 3D models from 0℃ at STP to 130℃ for CO2 and methane gas molecules. In addition, the isothermal and kinetic adsorption model was added to the simulations. This includes Single- and Dual-Site Langmuir adsorption isotherm and Linear Driving Force. The porous media model was then activated to imitate packed bed adsorbent and measured the pressure drop from the simulation. The results showed that the CO2 adsorption values of MOF-5 decrease as the adsorbent temperature increases. There was a decline of 0.002 mmol/g of adsorbed CO2 molecules per 10-kelvin difference. The CO2 adsorption value was 0.53 mmol/g at STP and 1.15 mmol/g for CH4 at STP. Both CO2 and CH4 adsorption were used to suggest optimal CO2 adsorption for the Pressure Swing Adsorption cycle.

Dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to measure the cerebellar inhibitory influence on the primary motor cortex, known as cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI), which is thought to be important for motor control. The aim of this study was to determine whether age-related differences in CBI (measured at rest) were associated with an age-related decline in bilateral motor control measured using the Purdue Pegboard task, the Four Square Step Test, and a 10-m walk. In addition, we examined test re-test reliability of CBI measured using dual-site TMS with a figure-of-eight coil in two sessions. There were three novel findings. First, CBI was less in older than in younger adults, which is likely underpinned by an age-related loss of Purkinje cells. Second, greater CBI was associated with faster 10-m walking performance in older adults, but slower 10-m walking performance in younger adults. Third, moderate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs: 0.53) were found for CBI in younger adults; poor ICCs were found for CBI (ICC: 0.40) in older adults. Together, these results have important implications for the use of dual-site TMS to increase our understanding of age- and disease-related changes in cortical motor networks, and the role of functional connectivity in motor control.

A novel dual-site fluorescent probe (CTPA) was rationally designed and synthesized for the detection of hypochlorite (ClO−) and polarity. CTPA displayed an excellent sensitivity (LOD = 11.9 nM) and selectivity as well as a rapid response within 30 s to ClO−. Besides, it is worth noting that the introduction of triphenylamine into the D–π–A structure is beneficial to monitor the fluctuation of polarity. It was found that CTPA could respond to polarity fluctuation via the two channels of fluorescence intensity and maximum emission wavelength. In addition, CTPA exhibited low toxicity and was successfully applied to detect the endogenous and exogenous ClO− in HeLa cells and HIN-3T3 cells and distinguish the two kinds of cells by ClO− and polarity. Furthermore, this work provides a promising strategy for the development of dual-site fluorescent probes aiming at the detection of biologically relevant analytes by the collocation of recognizing groups.

Introduction: The response disinhibition is one of the most common problems in post-stroke patients. Many studies have shown that transcranial direct current stimulation could improve cognitive impairments by increasing the cortical excitability. Aim: The present study was performed to investigate the effect of two protocols of direct transcranial electrical stimulation with cognitive rehabilitation in patients with stroke. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with a control group. From the population of stroke patients in 2016, 32 people (including 21 men and 11 women aged 40 to 65 years) were selected by purposive sampling method based on including and excluding criteria. All subjects in the study groups underwent Fruit Ninja task training as cognitive rehabilitation and transcranial direct current stimulation and were evaluated by continuous performance, flanker and target stop tasks. Findings were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with SPSS-22. Results: The results showed that the group that receiving stimulation with unihemispheric concurrent dual-site a-tDCS along with computerized cognitive rehabilitation in comparison to groups with unihemispheric tDCS with & without computerized cognitive rehabilitation & sham stimulation, showed a significant improvement in response inhibition function (P≤0.05). Also, at 8-weeks follow-up, the unihemispheric concurrent dual-site a-tDCS along with computerized cognitive rehabilitation group continued to show better functions in response inhibition tasks than other groups (P≤0.05). Conclusion: The present results show that the simultaneous use of transcranial stimulation along with cognitive rehabilitation has an effective role in improving cognitive deficits.

Single atom catalysts (SACs) are of great importance for oxygen reduction, a critical process in renewable energy technologies. The catalytic performance of SACs largely depends on the structure of their active sites, but explorations of highly active structures for SAC active sites are still limited. Herein, we demonstrate a combined experimental and theoretical study of oxygen reduction catalysis on SACs, which incorporate M-N3 C1 site structure, composed of atomically dispersed transition metals (e.g., Fe, Co, and Cu) in nitrogenated carbon nanosheets. The resulting SACs with M-N3 C1 sites exhibited prominent oxygen reduction catalytic activities in both acidic and alkaline media, following the trend Fe-N3 C1 > Co-N3 C1 > Cu-N3 C1 . Theoretical calculations suggest the C atoms in these structures behave as collaborative adsorption sites to M atoms, thanks to interactions between the d/p orbitals of the M/C atoms in the M-N3 C1 sites, enabling dual site oxygen reduction.

Electrocatalysts with high activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) play a pivotal role in various electrochemical devices such as water electrolyzers and metal–air batteries. Electronic in...

Background Neuroimaging studies suggest that facial expression recognition is processed in the bilateral posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). Our recent repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) study demonstrates that the bilateral pSTS is causally involved in expression recognition, although involvement of the right pSTS is greater than involvement of the left pSTS. Objective /Hypothesis: In this study, we used a dual-site TMS to investigate whether the left pSTS is functionally connected to the right pSTS during expression recognition. We predicted that if this connection exists, simultaneous TMS disruption of the bilateral pSTS would impair expression recognition to a greater extent than unilateral stimulation of the right pSTS alone. Methods Participants attended two TMS sessions. In Session 1, participants performed an expression recognition task while rTMS was delivered to the face-sensitive right pSTS (experimental site), object-sensitive right lateral occipital complex (control site) or no rTMS was delivered (behavioural control). In Session 2, the same experimental design was used, except that continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) was delivered to the left pSTS immediately before behavioural testing commenced. Session order was counter-balanced across participants. Results In Session 1, rTMS to the rpSTS impaired performance accuracy compared to the control conditions. Crucially in Session 2, the size of this impairment effect doubled after cTBS was delivered to the left pSTS. Conclusions Our results provide evidence for a causal functional connection between the left and right pSTS during expression recognition. In addition, this study further demonstrates the utility of the dual-site TMS for investigating causal functional links between brain regions., Highlights • Dual-site TMS was used to test causal functional connectivity between left and right pSTS during expression recognition. • rTMS impaired facial expression recognition when delivered to the right pSTS during a facial expression recognition task. • cTBS delivered to the left pSTS prior to the task doubled the impairment effect of rTMS to the right pSTS during the task. • The results demonstrate causal functional connectivity between the left and right pSTS during expression recognition. • The results also demonstrate the utility of dual-site TMS for investigating interregional causal functional connectivity.

Hypochlorite (ClO−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) commonly coexist in organism and are involved in the same physiological and pathological processes. So it is of great importance to develop fluorescent probes to detect both simultaneously. Herein, we reported the first dual-site fluorescent probe (Geisha-1) for the quantitative detection of ClO− and H2O2. This probe is constructed by chemically grafting N,N-dimethylthiocarbamate and borate to a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) platform. As a result, Geisha-1 not only presents three different responses to ClO−, H2O2, and ClO− + H2O2 (the coexistence of ClO− and H2O2) with high sensitivity and selectivity, but also exhibits low toxicity and cell membrane and tissue permeability, and it was further successfully applied to image ClO− and H2O2 in living cells and tissues. Thus, Geisha-1 provides a promising application prospect in biological systems and an alternative strategy for the construction of dual-site fluorescent probes aiming at the multi-response detection of other biologically relevant analytes.

Currently, fluorescent sensors for the detection of H2O in D2O are still quite rare. Herein, we present a dual-site controlled fluorescent sensor (CF-D2O) for the detection of H2O in D2O. As the H2O content in D2O decreases (namely, the purity of D2O increases), sensor CF-D2O provides two turn-on fluorescence signals. The response mechanism of sensor CF-D2O to H2O is based on the deprotonation of the two hydroxyl groups, as well as the FRET process between coumarin and xanthene units.

It is unprecedentedly found that ethylamine hydrochloride (EaCl) and phenol (PhOH) can form a new type of deep eutectic solvent (DES) with quite low viscosity. The strong hydrogen-bond donating abilities of EaCl and PhOH provide two active sites for robust interaction with NH3. Thus, the capacities of EaCl + PhOH DESs for NH3 absorption are notably high even at low pressures.

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), applied to two brain sites with different phase lags, has been shown to modulate stimulation-outlasting functional EEG connectivity between the targeted regions. Given the lack of knowledge on mechanisms of tACS aftereffects, it is difficult to further enhance effect sizes and reduce variability in experiments. In this computational study, we tested if spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) can explain stimulation-outlasting connectivity modulation by dual-site tACS and explored the effects of tACS parameter choices. Two populations of spiking neurons were coupled with synapses subject to STDP, and results were validated via a re-analysis of EEG data. Our simulations showed stimulation-outlasting connectivity changes between in- and anti-phase tACS, dependent on both tACS frequency and synaptic conduction delays. Importantly, both a simple network entraining to a wide range of tACS frequencies as well as a more realistic network that spontaneously oscillated at alpha frequency predicted that the largest effects would occur for short conduction delays between the stimulated regions. This finding agreed with experimental EEG connectivity modulation by 10 Hz tACS, showing a clear negative correlation of tACS effects with estimated conduction delays between regions. In conclusion, STDP can explain connectivity aftereffects of dual-site tACS. However, not all combinations of tACS frequency and application sites are expected to effectively modulate connectivity via STDP. We therefore suggest using appropriate computational models and/or EEG analysis for planning and interpretation of dual-site tACS studies relying on aftereffects.

The production of ammonia through the Haber–Bosch process is regarded as one of the most important inventions of the 20th century. Despite significant efforts in optimizing the process, it still consumes 1 to 2% of the worldwide annual energy for the high working temperatures and pressures. The design of a catalyst with a high activity at milder conditions represents another challenge for this reaction. Herein, we combine density functional theory and microkinetic modeling to illustrate a strategy to facilitate low-temperature and -pressure ammonia synthesis through modified energy-scaling relationships using a confined dual site. Our results suggest that an ammonia synthesis rate two to three orders of magnitude higher than the commercial Ru catalyst can be achieved under the same reaction conditions with the introduction of confinement. Such strategies will open pathways for the development of catalysts for the Haber–Bosch process that can operate at milder conditions and present more economically viable alternatives to current industrial solutions.

The functionalization of proteins with different cargo molecules is highly desirable for a broad range of applications. However, the reproducible production of defined conjugates with multiple functionalities is a significant challenge. Herein, we report the dual site-specific labeling of an antibody fragment, utilizing the orthogonal Sortase A and π-clamp conjugation methods, and demonstrate that binding of the antibody fragment to its target receptor is retained after dual labeling.

In this work, a dual-site electronic doping with Sb and I in SnTe has been carried out, and the impact of codoping on the electrical and thermal transport properties has been studied in detail. Due...

Background Dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (ds-TMS) is a neurophysiological technique to measure functional connectivity between cortical areas. Objective/Hypothesis To date, no study has used ds-TMS to investigate short intra-hemispheric interactions between the somatosensory areas and primary motor cortex (M1). Methods We examined somatosensory-M1 interactions in the left hemisphere in six experiments using ds-TMS. In Experiment 1 (n = 16), the effects of different conditioning stimulus (CS) intensities on somatosensory-M1 interactions were measured with 1 and 2.5 ms inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs). In Experiment 2 (n = 16), the time-course of somatosensoy-M1 interactions was studied using supra-threshold CS intensity at 6 different ISIs. In Experiment 3 (n = 16), the time-course of short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI) and effects of different CS intensities on SICI were measured similar to Experiments 1 and 2. Experiment 4 (n = 13) examined the effects of active contraction on SICI and somatosensory-M1 inhibition. Experiments 5 and 6 (n = 10) examined the interactions between SAI with either 1 ms SICI or somatosensory-M1 inhibition. Results Experiments 1 and 2 revealed reduced MEP amplitudes when applying somatosensory CS 1 ms prior to M1 TS with 140 and 160% CS intensities. Experiment 3 demonstrated that SICI at 1 and 2.5 ms did not correlate with somatosensory-M1 inhibition. Experiment 4 found that SICI but not somatosensory-M1 inhibition was abolished with active contraction. The results of Experiments 5–6 showed SAI was disinhibited in presence of somatosensory-M1 while SAI was increased in presence of SICI. Conclusion Collectively, the results support the notion that the somatosensory areas inhibit the ipsilateral M1 at very short latencies.

Designing highly active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is crucial to boost the fuel cell economy. Previous research has mainly focused on Pt-based alloy catalysts in which surface Pt is the solely active site and the activity improvement was challenged by the discovered scaling relationship. Herein we report a new concept of utilizing dual active sites for the ORR and demonstrate its effectiveness by synthesizing a SnO x/Pt-Cu-Ni heterojunctioned catalyst. A maximum of 40% enhancement in the apparent specific activity, which corresponds to 10-fold enhancement on interface sites, is measured compared with pure Pt-Cu-Ni. Detailed investigations suggest an altered dual-site cascade mechanism wherein the first two steps occur on SnO x sites and the remaining steps occur on adjacent Pt sites, allowing a significant decrease in the energy barrier. This study with the suggested dual-site cascade mechanism shows the potential to overcome the ORR energy barrier bottleneck to develop highly active catalysts.

Selective separation of CO2 from flue gas conforms to the criterion of sustainable society. Herein, a series of imidazolium-based phenolate ionic liquids (ILs) that have dual-site interaction cente...

Antibody-drug conjugates utilize the antigen specificity of antibodies and the potency of chemotherapeutic and antibiotic drugs for targeted therapy. However, as cancers and bacteria evolve to resist the action of drugs, innovative controlled release methods must be engineered to deliver multidrug cocktails. In this work, we engineer lipoate-acid ligase A (LplA) acceptor peptide (LAP) tags into the constant heavy and light chain of a humanized Her2 targeted antibody, trastuzumab. These engineered LAP tags, along with the glutamine 295 (Q295) residue in the heavy chain, were used to generate orthogonally cleavable site-specific antibody conjugates via a one-pot chemoenzymatic ligation with microbial transglutaminase (mTG) and LplA. We demonstrate orthogonal cargo release from these dual-labeled antibody bioconjugates via matrix metalloproteinase-2 and cathepsin-B-mediated bond cleavage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of temporal control on dual-labeled antibody conjugates, and we believe this platform will allow for sequential release and cooperative drug combinations on a single antibody bioconjugate.

Ligand-targeting specific liposomal probes are increasingly used as imaging and delivery vehicles for in vivo diagnosis. Thereinto, the ligand variety and density profoundly affect the binding behaviors toward the target. The synergetic effect of different ligands could be achieved only when the optimized molecular-recognition configuration occurred. In this study, we construct a dual-peptides-targeting liposomal probe named BTLS that could synergistically bind two different sites of prominin-1, a cancer stem cell marker. At the distance of 11 Å between the two new peptides, ligands could insert into the hollow pocket of prominin-1 and BTLS could achieve the appropriate spatial structure, showing the strong binding affinity in both cellular and in vivo levels. It is indicated that the design of density-optimized peptide-targeted liposomes could be promising to maximize the multifunctional targeting effects on the cancer theranostics.

Accurate estimation of carbon dioxide adsorption capacity in coal seam is very important for planning the carbon dioxide storage efforts of carbon capture and storage technology; however, an appropriate model is needed to convert the measured adsorption quantity to absolute adsorption quantity. In this work, carbon dioxide adsorption behavior is demonstrated and accurately predicted under a wide range of temperature and pressure using the dual-site Langmuir model. This model sufficiently explains the laboratory measurements of carbon dioxide adsorption equilibrium data across critical points in coal. The results show that the isotherms crossover beyond the Gibbs excess maximum and higher temperatures now result in higher excess uptake at equivalent pressures. Adsorbed phase volume and gas phase density of carbon dioxide change with equilibrium temperature and pressure, and the contribution of the volume–density term for the absolute adsorption gradually becomes less pronounced as the temperature increases. If only the excess adsorption quantity is taken, the result is a very large underestimation of the contribution of adsorbed carbon dioxide to the total content. As the coal seam depth increases, the contribution rates of actual adsorbed carbon dioxide quantity to total carbon dioxide storage quantity gradually decrease; however, the contribution rates of free carbon dioxide phase content gradually increase. The method used herein, with limited formulas and fast computing solutions, provides accurate estimations of the true carbon dioxide storage, which will lay the foundation for the research and development of carbon capture and storage technology.

A new dual-site fluorescent probe (probe 1) was synthesized for the separate detection of hydrogen sulfide and bisulfite. Probe 1 exhibited a rapid response to H2S and HSO3− through two emission wavelengths and color changes, and displayed satisfactory sensitivity. Probe 1 changed color in response to various concentrations of H2S, while probe 1 test paper changed gradually from colorless to pink. With HSO3− addition, there was almost no color change. Furthermore, the presence of HSO3− does not affect the detection of H2S; however, the presence of H2S interferes with the detection of HSO3−. Hence, quantitative detection of HSO3− must occur in an H2S-free environment. The results indicate that probe 1 is suitable for use as a sensor for hydrogen sulfide detection.

Registered nurses and social workers may have little experience engaging in end-of-life discussions. Technology-assisted continuing education (TACE) improves interprofessionals' capability and comfort with these difficult discussions. This study measured the impact of TACE on improving the capability and comfort of caregivers with end-of-life communication. Comfort and capability scores increased postintervention. This was the first dual site two-discipline pilot study to explore this TACE methodology.

The net output of the primary motor cortex (M1) is shaped by several (non-)motor brain regions including the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) which is playing an important role in sensorimotor integration, response selection, bimanual motor control, and motor learning. Previous dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (dsTMS) setups mainly investigated the interhemispheric PMd – M1 interactions, as testing the intrahemispheric PMd – M1 interactions yield technical difficulties due to the vicinity of both regions. A novel dsTMS setup was used in a sample of 23 young healthy right-handed adults to probe intrahemispheric left PMd – M1 interactions at rest. Biphasic stimuli were applied to M1 to elicit an MEP of at least 1 mV peak-to-peak amplitude (testing stimulus, TS) in the resting first dorsal interosseus (FDI). The conditioning stimulus (CS) was applied ∼2 cm anterior to M1 at an interstimulus interval (ISI) of 6 ms and an intensity of 75% of the resting motor threshold (rMT). To physiologically test this setup, short-interval intra-cortical inhibition (SICI) was measured with the same coil arrangement, using two coils targeted at M1 (ISI = 3 ms, CS intensity = 75% rMT, TS intensity = 1 mV). First, SICI could robustly be elicited using the novel coil setup. Second, conditioning left PMd lead to a robust modulation of left M1 output when using a CS intensity of 75% rMT. This interaction was mostly found to be inhibitory. However, in some subjects (∼15%) a facilitatory PMd – M1 interaction was seen. This novel coil setup opens new opportunities to measure intrahemispheric PMd – M1 interactions at rest and in different task-related contexts without facing technical difficulties such as large stimulation distances due to coil size or coil heating (particularly in small coils).

With advancing age comes a decline in voluntary movement control. Growing evidence suggests that an age-related decline in effective connectivity between the supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex (SMA-M1) might play a role in an age-related decline of bilateral motor control. Dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to measure SMA-M1 effective connectivity. In the current study, we aimed to (1) replicate previous dual-site TMS research showing reduced SMA-M1 connectivity in older than younger adults and (2) examine whether SMA-M1 connectivity is associated with bilateral motor control in independent samples of younger (n = 30) and older adults (n = 30). SMA-M1 connectivity was measured using dual-site TMS with interstimulus intervals of 6, 7 and 8 ms, and bilateral motor control was measured using the Purdue Pegboard, Four Square Step Test and the Timed Up and Go task. Findings from this study showed that SMA-M1 connectivity was reduced in older than in younger adults, suggesting that the direct excitatory connections between SMA and M1 had reduced efficacy in older than younger adults. Furthermore, greater SMA-M1 connectivity was associated with better bimanual motor control in older adults. Thus, SMA-M1 connectivity in older adults might underpin, in part, the age-related decline in bilateral motor control. These findings contribute to our understanding of age-related declines in motor control and provide a physiological basis for the development of interventions to improve bimanual and bilateral motor control.

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), applied to two brain sites with different phase lags, has been shown to modulate stimulation-outlasting functional EEG connectivity between the targeted regions. Given the lack of knowledge on mechanisms of tACS aftereffects, it is difficult to further enhance effect sizes and reduce variability in experiments. In this computational study, we tested if spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) can explain stimulation-outlasting connectivity modulation by dual-site tACS and explored the effects of tACS parameter choices. Two populations of spiking neurons were coupled with synapses subject to STDP, and results were validated via a re-analysis of EEG data. Our simulations showed stimulation-outlasting connectivity changes between in- and anti-phase tACS, dependent on both tACS frequency and synaptic conduction delays. Importantly, both a simple network entraining to a wide range of tACS frequencies as well as a more realistic network that spontaneously oscillated at alpha frequency predicted that the largest effects would occur for short conduction delays between the stimulated regions. This finding agreed with experimental EEG connectivity modulation by 10 Hz tACS, showing a clear negative correlation of tACS effects with estimated conduction delays between regions. In conclusion, STDP can explain connectivity aftereffects of dual-site tACS. However, not all combinations of tACS frequency and application sites are expected to effectively modulate connectivity via STDP. We therefore suggest using appropriate computational models and/or EEG analysis for planning and interpretation of dual-site tACS studies relying on aftereffects.HighlightsNetwork model with STDP explains EEG connectivity change after dual-site tACSEffects are predicted to depend on tACS frequency and conduction delaysEEG data confirm dependence on conduction delays between regionsModel can be used to estimate and maximize experimental effects

Background: Urinary catheterization is often undertaken to relieve distressing bladder symptoms in palliative care. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to determine the incidence of, and clinical indications that predispose patients admitted to palliative care units to, urinary catheterization. The secondary aims were to determine causal factors, including the type of malignancy, antecedent medications, and duration of admission in these patients. Methods: This was a prospective observational dual site cohort study in palliative care inpatients. Univariate categorical chi-square analysis was performed to compare patients with and without urinary catheterization, and to identify risk factors associated with urinary catheter use. Results: The incidence of catheterization in this cohort was 41% (43/104) and urinary retention (63%) was the most common cause. Agitation (47%) and urinary incontinence (70%) were common symptoms in those catheterized. Medications that were significantly associated with the need for urinary catheterization were benzodiazepines (p

This paper studies Dual site processing in Virtualized Radio Access Network (V-RAN) and it recommends the amount of processing in the dual sites for the functional splits which are proposed by ETSI. This leads to ease of management and flexibility of the operation and increases processing and power efficiencies. To recommend the amount of processing in both sites, the power consumption at several percentages of functional splits is identified to compromise the tradeoff between the midhaul capacity and power consumption. Furthermore, Joint optimization of power consumption and midhaul capacity is performed to validate and recommend the optimal split function.

L-Methionine (L-Met) is one of the essential amino acids in human health, efficiently detect L-Met is a significant issue. Herein, a concept “dual-site collaborative recognition” had been successfully introduced into the design and achieved high selective and sensitive recognition of L-Met. In order to realize the “dual-site collaborative recognition”, we rationally designed and synthesized an ester functionalized pillar[5]arene-based fluorescent sensor (SP5). And it shows blue Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescence. In the SP5, the pillar[5]arene group act as C-H···π interactions site, and ester group serve as multi hydrogen bonding acceptor. Interestingly, the SP5 exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity (2.84 × 10−8 M) towards L-Met based on the collaboration of electron-rich cavernous pillar[5]arene group and ester group through C-H···π and H-bond interactions, respectively. This “dual-site collaborative recognition” mechanism has been investigated by 1H NMR, ESI-MS and theoretical calculation including frontier orbital (HOMO and LUMO), electrostatic potential (ESP) and the noncovalent interaction (NCI). These theoretical calculations not only support the proposed host-guest recognition mechanism, but also provided visualized information on the “dual-site collaborative recognition” mode. Furthermore, the concept “dual-site collaborative recognition” is an effective strategy for easily detecting biological molecules.

Highly efficient and selective H2S capture is of great scientific significance for natural gas sweetening. However, there was seldom research concerned about the chemical absorption of H2S in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and the absorption capacity is hard to be satisfactory. In this work, we propose a new strategy of designing task-specific DESs endowed with chemical dual sites for H2S capture. Therefore, four task-specific DESs bearing with tertiary amine and acetate anion, including [C1-TMHDA]Ac-MDEA (1:2), [C1-TMHDA]Ac-Pyrol (1:2), [C1-TMHDA]Ac-AA (1:2), and [C1-TMHDA]Ac-Im (1:2), were designed and prepared. Among them, [C1-TMHDA]Ac-MDEA (1:2) showed the unprecedented H2S absorption capacity of 1.44 mol/mol at 313.2 K and 1.0 bar, surpassing all the reported absorbents. The interaction mechanism was elucidated by both spectroscopic analysis and quantum chemical calculations. In addition, five consecutive absorption–desorption cycles were performed and evaluated the recyclability of [C1-TMHDA]Ac-MDEA (1:2) by heating and evacuating. Compared with other absorbents, these task-specific DESs represent prominent superiority on both H2S absorption capacity and H2S/CO2 selectivity, which are expected to be excellent alternatives in the field of acid gas separation.

Bioactive small molecules, hypochlorous acid (HClO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), play vital roles in the maintenance of normal physiological function of living organisms. Once their balance is interrupted, it would cause oxidative stress and various diseases. Therefore, monitoring the change of HClO and SO2 in cellular levels and in vivo is of great significant for exploring their physiological and pathological roles. Herein, we present a dual-site and dual-turn-on fluorescence probe PTBI that could simultaneously monitor HClO and SO2 in mitochondria by two well-separated emission channels with a difference of 115 nm. The probe exhibited fast response (HClO

Because of lots of outstanding properties of ionic liquids (ILs), three kinds of environmentally friendly chelate-based ILs such as [Li(TDA-1)][SCN], [Li(TDA-1)][TFSI], and [Li(G3)][TFSI] were desi...

Inhibitors of the mitochondrial respiratory chain cytochrome bc1 complex, such as the antimalarial atovaquone and ELQ-300, and many well-studied compounds, are classified as either Qo or Qi site inhibitors based on their site of action. Here, we investigated the site of action of ELQ-400 that showed an unusual behaviour, being effective against parasites resistant to the Qo site inhibitor atovaquone or to the Qi site inhibitor ELQ-300. Analysis of yeast mutants and comparison with atovaquone and other ELQs strongly suggest that ELQ-400 targets both Qo and Qi sites. Dual site inhibition would be particularly efficient as it would lower the risk of acquired resistance. However, such compounds are seldom found, which could be explained by structural and mechanistic differences between the sites.

The authors acknowledge the support provided by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) for funding this work under project number IN151032. They also acknowledge the supported by baseline research fund to S.M.H. by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology.

Biothiols and SO2 play crucial roles in many physiological and pathological processes. To unravel their complicated interrelationship and cellular cross-talk, it would be highly desirable to develop single-molecule fluorescent probes that can selectively detect biothiols and SO2via different emission channels. Here, a novel chromenylium derivative, BPO-Py-diNO2, based on the rational design of dual recognition sites for biothiols and SO2 selectively and sensitively responded to biothiols with near-infrared fluorescence, and to SO2 with green fluorescence. The emission shift for the two channels was 170 nm. BPO-Py-diNO2 was selectively enriched in lysosomes. It could also be used to evaluate dual-channel imaging of endogenous biothiols and SO2 in living HeLa cells, and it could be used for monitoring the mutual interconversion of biothiols and SO2.