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To report the clinical course and treatment outcomes of a patient with central retinal vein occlusion with severe macular edema in early pregnancy.Interventional case report.A 39-year-old woman with gestational diabetes mellitus and a 15-pack year smoking history presented at 7 weeks gestation with decreased vision due to central retinal vein occlusion with marked macular edema. One month later, visual acuity had decreased to 20/400, and macular edema had worsened to a central subfield thickness of 1,432 μ m. She was treated with a single intravitreal dexamethasone implant at 16 weeks gestation. She responded well with visual acuity improving to 20/40+ and complete resolution of macular edema. At 33 weeks gestation, the cystoid macular edema recurred, but the patient refused treatment. The cystoid macular edema spontaneously resolved 3 weeks postpartum but recurred 3 months later with visual acuity worsening to 20/50. This macular edema resolved completely after a single 1.25 mg bevacizumab injection. She required no further treatment, and 23 months later, her macula was dry with visual acuity of 20/25. Her baby was healthy.Although pregnancy seems to aggravate central retinal vein occlusion -associated macular edema, the visual loss may be reversible. Intravitreal steroid seems to be effective during pregnancy with no apparent systemic or fetal complications. Young patients with retinal vein occlusion and center-involving macular edema may stabilize with minimal treatment.

PURPOSE To describe uveitis cases after the BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. METHODS This is a multicenter, retrospective study. Vaccine-related uveitis diagnosis was supported by the classification of the World Health Organization Adverse Drug Terminology and the Naranjo criteria. RESULTS Twenty-one patients (23 eyes) with a mean age of 51.3 years (23-78 years) were included. Eight of the 21 patients had a known history of uveitis. The median time from previous to current attack was 1 year (0.5-15 years). There were 21 anterior uveitis cases, two with bilateral inflammation. Eight cases occurred after the first vaccination and 13 after the second vaccination. All but three presented as mild to moderate disease. Two patients developed multiple evanescent white dot syndrome after the second vaccination. The mean time from vaccination to uveitis onset was 7.5 ± 7.3 days (1-30 days). At final follow-up, complete resolution was achieved in all but two eyes, which showed significant improvement. One case of severe anterior uveitis developed vitritis and macular edema after the second vaccination, which completely resolved after an intravitreal dexamethasone injection. CONCLUSION Uveitis may develop after the administration of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. The most common complication was mild to moderate anterior uveitis, while multiple evanescent white dot syndrome can also occur less frequently.

Background We aimed to explore the role of parental health beliefs in parent seeking of eye examinations for their children, using the Health Belief Model. Methods In this quantitative correlational survey study, 100 parents who presented to Barzilai University Medical Center in July 2021 to perform an eye examination to their child completed a questionnaire. Results Only 29.6% of the parents knew that a vision screening is performed in first grade, and 10% of the parents did not know where to access eye care for their child. Moreover, 19% of the parents indicated that they were concerned that their child would be prescribed glasses unnecessarily, and 10% believed that wearing glasses would weaken their child's eyes. Various parental health beliefs regarding children’s eye examinations were found associated with parent seeking of eye examinations for their child. Thus, perceived susceptibility (r = 0.52, p

Purpose To define injection index (II) and assess its impact on visual acuity (VA) in pigment epithelial detachment from age-related macular degeneration over 5 years. Methods Injection index is defined as the mean anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections per year from presentation. A retrospective study of 256 eyes in 213 patients was performed. Patients were stratified by II (high: ≥9, low: Results Baseline characteristics showed no differences across II groups. Mean (range) follow-up, in years, was 5.02 (1.04-12.74) for all patients. Mean logMAR VA (Snellen VA) were 0.60 (20/80) and 0.56 (20/73) at baseline, 0.52 (20/66) and 0.59 (20/78) at Year 1, 0.45 (20/56) and 0.67 (20/94) at Year 2, 0.38 (20/48) and 0.66 (20/91) at Year 3, 0.41 (20/51) and 0.89 (20/155) at Year 4, and 0.35 (20/45) and 0.79 (20/123) at Year 5 for the high and low II groups, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed a gain of 0.5 approxETDRS letters with each additional injection per year. Conclusion Increased II was associated with better mean VA, suggesting that long-term continuous vascular endothelial growth factor suppression may improve VA in eyes thought to carry poor prognoses.

PURPOSE To assess the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME) associated with 4-point Gore-Tex suture intraocular lens (IOL) scleral fixation, before and after institution of routine intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide prophylaxis and long-term topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug usage. METHODS Consecutive patients were included after IOL implantation with concurrent pars plana vitrectomy for spontaneous IOL dislocation due to pseudoexfoliation syndrome. We compared short-term prophylactic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs only (Group A) to prophylactic intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and long-term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Group B). RESULTS Twenty-six eyes of 26 patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and spontaneous IOL dislocation were studied. Mean logMAR visual acuity improved from 1.27 ± 0.80 (20/375 Snellen equivalent) preoperatively to 0.46 ± 0.39 (Snellen 20/43) postoperatively (P < 0.001). Visual outcomes were similar for Groups A and B. In Group A, 10/16 eyes had CME, 4/16 had chronic CME longer than 6 months, and 1 longer than 12 months. In Group B, 1/10 had CME (which was both chronic and refractory). CONCLUSION In eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and spontaneous IOL dislocation, 4-point Gore-Tex suture IOL ab externo fixation yielded good visual outcomes, although CME was observed more than reported elsewhere. Prophylactic intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and long-term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs seem to reduce the risk of postoperative CME.

PurposeTo identify the factors predicting the visual and anatomical outcomes in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) through 12 months.MethodsPatients with diagnosis of CSCR, either acute or chronic, were included in this multicentric, retrospective study. Demographic factors; systemic risk factors; central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), linear extent of ellipsoid zone (EZ) and interdigitation zone damage on optical coherence tomography; details of leak on fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were included as predictors of anatomical and visual outcomes. Regression analysis was performed to correlate the changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and resolution of disease activity.ResultsA total of 231 eyes of 201 patients with a mean age (49.7±11.8 years) were analysed. A total of 97 and 134 eyes were classified as acute and chronic CSCR. BCVA (0.35±0.31 to 0.24±0.34; pConclusionOCT parameters such as changes in both CMT and SFCT along with subfoveal EZ damage can be predictive of disease resolution whereas changes in CMT and baseline SRF height correlate well with changes in BCVA through 12 months.

The aim of the present study was to explore ophthalmologists’ attitudes, knowledge, and willingness to report child abuse. One-hundred-and-seven ophthalmologists employed in various hospitals in Israel completed an online questionnaire. Less than half the ophthalmologists (44.9%) reported that they had treated children whom they identified or suspected as being victims of child abuse, while only 43.9% of these reported child abuse. Despite generally positive attitudes towards reporting of child abuse among the ophthalmologists, their average level of knowledge was low. Ophthalmologists who had received training on child abuse and residents displayed a higher level of knowledge. In addition, female ophthalmologists tended to agree more that ophthalmologists are obligated to screen for and report child abuse. Moreover, female ophthalmologists expressed higher willingness to report child abuse. The present study reveals that underreporting of child abuse, and more precisely the discrepancy between identification and reporting, is present among ophthalmologists. It seems that lack of knowledge regarding identification and reporting of child abuse is the main barrier to reporting, especially among medical specialists. These findings underscore the importance of training programs on child abuse, both during formal education in medical school, and post-qualification, for all ophthalmologists, irrespective of seniority.

Main failure of diabetic tractional retinal detachment (TRD) surgery is the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), causing higher re-detachment rates. We investigated whether the use of dexamethasone (DEX) implant at the end of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil tamponade might have an impact on these outcomes. Comparative, nonrandomized, retrospective study. A total of 148 eyes from 148 patients that underwent PPV with silicone oil tamponade for diabetic TRD (with DEX implant, n = 52; without DEX implant, n = 96). Consecutive patients’ records were reviewed for time between TRD diagnosis and surgery; lens status before surgery and after 6, 12, and 24 months; retina attachment rate after primary PPV; change in postoperative PVR severity; rate of re-detachment at 6, 12, and 24 months; use of IOP lowering treatment after 6, 12, and 24 months; surgery details; intra- and postoperative complications. Correlations between outcome measures, postoperative PVR severity, and re-detachment rates were analyzed. Change in postoperative PVR severity and retinal re-detachment rates with and without the adjuvant use of DEX implant. Retinal re-detachment rates were significantly higher in the group of patients that did not receive DEX implant [11/96 (11.5%) vs. 0/52 (0%), p = 0.049; 11/84 (12.9%) vs. 4/52 (7.7%), p = 0.007; 14/71 (19.7%) vs. 5/52 (10%) p