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Over the years, researchers have attempted to improve the potency of medicament utilization for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Drug targeting is a phenomenon in which a drug is distributed in the body in such a way that it interacts with the target tissue at a cellular or sub-cellular level to achieve a desired therapeutic response at the desired site while avoiding unwanted interactions at other sites. This can be accomplished using modern drug delivery system targeting methods such as niosomes. Niosomes are a novel drug delivery system that encapsulates the medication in a vesicle. The vesicle is made up of a non-ionic surfactant bilayer. The particle size of the niosome must be in the range of 10 nm -100 nm. Niosomes are preferred over liposomes because they are more stable and less expensive. Niosomes enhance the pharmacological action of drug molecules by delaying the drug's clearance from circulation, protecting the drug from the biological environment, and limiting the effects to the target cells. It has applications in cancer treatment, as a carrier in hemoglobin, delivery of peptide drugs via the oral route, treatment of leishmaniasis, ophthalmic delivery, and as a carrier in dermal drug delivery. This review article focuses on the vesicular system's composition, benefits, types of niosomes, methods of preparation, characterization, and application. Keywords: Niosomes, Composition, Types, Method of preparation, Characterization, Application.

Topically applied pharmaceuticals in the form of patches that distribute medications for systemic effects at predefined and controlled rates are known as "transdermal drug delivery systems." The main function of TDDS is penetration of drug through skin. It works extremely simple, with the medicine being put within the patch and is placed on the skin. As a result, a consistent concentration of medication remains in the bloodstream for an extended period. They come in variety of forms, including single-layer drugs in adhesives; inter drugs in adhesives, buffers, and matrix systems. The market price of TDDS products is rapidly expanding. More than 35 items have now been authorized for sale in the United States, and roughly 16 active substances have been approved for usage as a TDDS globally. It is a drug delivery system that has a bright future. It helps in reducing use of syringes for administering a wide range of drugs, but the price is an essential aspect to consider because developing countries like India have the world's second-largest population, but TDDS is a secret part of treatment used for the general population due to rising costs. This review article on transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) contains information on the transdermal drug delivery system, Advanced development and the evaluation procedure. Keywords: TDDS, Drug penetration, Bright future, Rising costs, Evaluation procedure.

Floating medicines work well to increase drug absorption in the stomach. On the basis of current literature, a drug for a novel drug delivery system (NDDS) is established to explicate the floating drug delivery system (FDDS). The most recent FDDS progress involves the formulation as well as physiological aspects that may affect gastric retention and formulation. This review also discusses certain ways of producing a floating system, as well as evaluation methods, characterization, and classification for the FDDS pharmaceutical dosage form. By overcoming physiological hurdles such as short stomach residence times and unexpected gastric emptying times, scientific and technological achievements have been made in the study and development of controlled-release oral drug delivery systems in recent years. So, in general, float dose systems are key technological medication delivery systems that have a stomach-retentive nature and provide a variety of options. Floating drug delivery systems (FDDS), also known as hydro dynamically balanced systems (HBS), swelling and expanding systems, polymeric bio-adhesive systems, modified-shape systems, high-density systems, and other delayed gastric emptying devices are now used to extend the GRT. The latest technological breakthroughs of FDDS, including patented delivery methods and commercialized products, are covered in this study, as well as their advantages and future possibilities for oral controlled drug administration. Keywords- A novel drug gastrointestinal tract, types of FDDS, gastric residence time, evaluation of FDDS

Diabetes mellitus (DM), also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), is a common and serious metabolic condition that affects people all over the world. Traditional herbal plants have been utilized to treat diabetes mellitus all throughout the world. Several herbs have been found to treat and control diabetes among numerous medicines and poly herbal plants; they also have no adverse effects. Diabetes mellitus is a horrible disease that affects people all over the world and is becoming a serious danger to humanity's health.  Thus, herbal plants may be a possible source of anti-diabetic medicines, with ethno botanical data indicating that around 800 plants may have anti-diabetic potential. Although synthetic oral hypoglycemic agents/insulin are a popular diabetes therapy and are effective in controlling hyperglycemia, they have significant side effects and do not significantly modify the course of diabetic complications. This is the primary reason why an increasing number of individuals are looking for alternative medicines with fewer or no adverse effects. The botanical name, common name, component, and mechanism of action for anti-diabetic activity were provided in this review study, as well as plant-based commercial poly herbal formulations. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Medicinal plants, glucose, poly herbal plants

Microspheres are multiparticulate drug delivery systems that distribute medications at a predetermined rate to a specific region. Microspheres are free-flowing powders manufactured from biodegradable proteins or synthetic polymers, with particle sizes ranging from 1 to 1000 micrometers. Benefits of using microspheres in medication delivery, bone tissue manufacture, and pollutant absorption and desorption by regeneration .The study demonstrates how microsphere parameters are planned and measured. Bioadhesive microspheres, polymeric microspheres, magnetic microspheres, floating microspheres, and radioactive microspheres are only a few examples of complicated microspheres. Cosmetics, oral medication administration, target drug delivery, ocular drug delivery, gene delivery, and other industries covered in the paper could all benefit from microspheres. To ensure best therapeutic effectiveness, the agent must be delivered to target tissue at an optimal amount during the appropriate timeframe, with low toxicity and adverse effects. There are several methods for delivering the therapeutic substance to the target site in a controlled manner. The use of microspheres as medication carriers is one such technique. The value of microspheres as a novel drug delivery carrier to accomplish site-specific drug delivery was discussed in this article. Keywords: Microspheres, method of preparations, polymer bioadhesion, types of microspheres.