Search

Radiative decays of the radially excited charmonium resonance, (Formula presented) into (Formula presented) (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) final states have been measured in a sample of (Formula presented) (Formula presented) events collected by the BES Collaboration. The branching ratios (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are obtained. When compared to the corresponding radiative (Formula presented) decays, the observed (Formula presented) radiative decay rates into (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are consistent with the prediction of the “12%” rule. © 2003 The American Physical Society.

Radiative decays of the radially excited charmonium resonance, (Formula presented) into (Formula presented) (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) final states have been measured in a sample of (Formula presented) (Formula presented) events collected by the BES Collaboration. The branching ratios (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are obtained. When compared to the corresponding radiative (Formula presented) decays, the observed (Formula presented) radiative decay rates into (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are consistent with the prediction of the “12%” rule. © 2003 The American Physical Society.

The branching fraction of the ψ(2S) decay into τ+τ - has been measured for the first time using the BES detector at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider. The result is Bττ=(2.710. 43±0.55)× 10-3, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. This value, along with those for the branching fractions into e+e- and μ+ μ- of this resonance, satisfy well the relation predicted by the sequential lepton hypothesis. Combining all these values with the leptonic width of the resonance, the total width of the ψ(25) is determined to be (252±37) keV. ©2002 The American Physical Society.

The Beijing Spectrometer (BES) detector is a general purpose solenoid detector at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider in Beijing, China. The recent upgrade of the initial BES detector to the improved BES II detector is described. A new drift chamber, time-of-flight counter, luminosity monitor compatible with a low-β lattice was built as well as the vertex chamber.

The Beijing Spectrometer (BES) detector is a general purpose solenoid detector at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider in Beijing, China. The recent upgrade of the initial BES detector to the improved BES II detector is described. A new drift chamber, time-of-flight counter, luminosity monitor compatible with a low-β lattice was built as well as the vertex chamber.

The first measurement of (Formula presented) and an upper limit for (Formula presented) are determined from 22.3 (Formula presented) of (Formula presented) annihilation data at a c.m. energy of 4.03 GeV. The data were recorded by the Beijing Spectrometer (BES) at BEPC. A recoil charge method is applied to charm threshold data to determine the charge of the D meson in the recoil from (Formula presented) reconstructed (Formula presented) (Formula presented) mesons. The branching fractions (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are determined from 10 events with a reconstructed D and a recoiling (Formula presented) In addition, a 90% C.L. upper limit of (Formula presented) is determined from a search for semileptonic decays of the (Formula presented) © 2000 The American Physical Society.

Using a sample of 3.8 M (Formula presented) events accumulated with the BES detector, the process (Formula presented) is studied. The angular distributions are compared with the general decay amplitude analysis of Cahn. We find that the dipion system requires some D wave amplitude, as well as S wave. On the other hand, the (Formula presented) relative angular momentum is consistent with being pure S wave. The decay distributions have been fit to heavy quarkonium models, including the Novikov-Shifman model. This model, which is written in terms of the parameter (Formula presented) predicts that D wave pions should be present. We determine (Formula presented) based on the joint (Formula presented) distribution. The fraction of D wave amplitude as a function of (Formula presented) is found to decrease with increasing (Formula presented) in agreement with the model. We have also fit the Mannel-Yan model, which is another model that allows D wave pions. © 2000 The American Physical Society.

The cross section for charmed meson production at √s=4.03 and 4.14 GeV has been measured with the Beijing Spectrometer. The measurement was made using 22.3 pb-1 of e+e- data collected at 4.03 GeV and 1.5 pb-1 of e+e- data collected at 4.14 GeV. Inclusive observed cross sections for the production of charged and neutral D mesons and momentum spectra are presented. Observed cross sections were radiatively corrected to obtain tree level cross sections. Measurements of the total hadronic cross section are obtained from the charmed meson cross section and an extrapolation of results from below the charm threshold. ©2000 The American Physical Society.

Using a sample of 3.8 M (Formula presented) events accumulated with the BES detector, the process (Formula presented) is studied. The angular distributions are compared with the general decay amplitude analysis of Cahn. We find that the dipion system requires some D wave amplitude, as well as S wave. On the other hand, the (Formula presented) relative angular momentum is consistent with being pure S wave. The decay distributions have been fit to heavy quarkonium models, including the Novikov-Shifman model. This model, which is written in terms of the parameter (Formula presented) predicts that D wave pions should be present. We determine (Formula presented) based on the joint (Formula presented) distribution. The fraction of D wave amplitude as a function of (Formula presented) is found to decrease with increasing (Formula presented) in agreement with the model. We have also fit the Mannel-Yan model, which is another model that allows D wave pions. © 2000 The American Physical Society.

The first measurement of (Formula presented) and an upper limit for (Formula presented) are determined from 22.3 (Formula presented) of (Formula presented) annihilation data at a c.m. energy of 4.03 GeV. The data were recorded by the Beijing Spectrometer (BES) at BEPC. A recoil charge method is applied to charm threshold data to determine the charge of the D meson in the recoil from (Formula presented) reconstructed (Formula presented) (Formula presented) mesons. The branching fractions (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are determined from 10 events with a reconstructed D and a recoiling (Formula presented) In addition, a 90% C.L. upper limit of (Formula presented) is determined from a search for semileptonic decays of the (Formula presented) © 2000 The American Physical Society.

Hadronic decays of the P-wave spin-triplet charmonium states (Formula presented) are studied using a sample of (Formula presented) decays collected by the BES detector operating at the BEPC storage ring. Branching fractions for the decays (Formula presented) (Formula presented) (Formula presented) (Formula presented) (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are measured for the first time, and those for (Formula presented) (Formula presented) (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are measured with improved precision. In addition, we determine the masses of the (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) to be (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) © 1999 The American Physical Society.

A sample of 3.79 × 106ψ(2S) events is used to study the decays of charmonium to axial-vector plus pseudoscalar mesons. The branching fraction for the decay ψ(2S) → b±1(1235)π∓ agrees with expectations based on scaling the corresponding J/ψ branching fraction. Flavor-SU(3)-violating K1(1270)- K1(1400) asymmetries with opposite character for ψ(2S) and J/ψ decays are observed. This contrasting behavior cannot be accommodated by adjustments of the singlet-triplet mixing angle. © 1999 The American Physical Society.

Hadronic decays of the P-wave spin-triplet charmonium states (Formula presented) are studied using a sample of (Formula presented) decays collected by the BES detector operating at the BEPC storage ring. Branching fractions for the decays (Formula presented) (Formula presented) (Formula presented) (Formula presented) (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are measured for the first time, and those for (Formula presented) (Formula presented) (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are measured with improved precision. In addition, we determine the masses of the (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) to be (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) © 1999 The American Physical Society.

The decays of the ψ(2S) into vector plus tensor meson final states have been studied for the first time using the BES detector. We determine upper limits on branching fractions for ψ(2S) decays into ωf2, ρa2, K*0K*02 + c.c., and φf'2(1525) that are, in each case, significantly smaller than the corresponding branching fractions for the J/ψ meson, scaled according to the expectations of perturbative QCD. © 1998 The American Physical Society.

The processes ψ(2S) → I π+ π−, γK+ K−, and γpp¯ have been studied using a sample of 3.79 × 106 ψ(2S) decays. We determine the total width of the χc0 to be γtotχc0 = 14.3 ± 2.0 ± 3.0 MeV. We present the first measurement of the branching fraction B(χc0 → pp¯) = (15.9 ± 4.3 ± 5.3) × 10−5, where the first error is statistical and the second one is systematic. Branching fractions of χc0, 2 → π+ π− and K+ K− are also reported. © 1998 American Physical Society.

Purely leptonic decays of the charged D meson have been studied using the reaction e+e- → D*+D- at a center of mass energy of 4.03 GeV. A search was performed for D → μνμ recoiling against a D0 or D+ which had been reconstructed from its hadronic decay products. A single event candidate was found in the reaction e+e- → D*+D-, where D*+ → π+D0 with the D0 → K-π+, and the recoiling D- decaying via D- → μ-ν̄μ. This yields a branching fraction value B(D → μνμ) = 0.08+0.16+0.05-0.05-0.02%, and a corresponding value of the pseudoscalar decay constant fD = 300+180+80-150-40 MeV. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Purely leptonic decays of the charged D meson have been studied using the reaction e+e- → D*+D- at a center of mass energy of 4.03 GeV. A search was performed for D → μνμ recoiling against a D0 or D+ which had been reconstructed from its hadronic decay products. A single event candidate was found in the reaction e+e- → D*+D-, where D*+ → π+D0 with the D0 → K-π+, and the recoiling D- decaying via D- → μ-ν̄μ. This yields a branching fraction value B(D → μνμ) = 0.08+0.16+0.05-0.05-0.02%, and a corresponding value of the pseudoscalar decay constant fD = 300+180+80-150-40 MeV. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

A search is performed for the production of the (Formula presented) in (Formula presented) annihilation at a center-of-mass energy of 4.03 GeV using the BES detector operated at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC). The kinematic features of the reconstructed (Formula presented) signal are consistent with its being produced only in association with an energetic photon resulting from initial state radiation (ISR). Limits are placed on (Formula presented) production from the decay of unknown charmonia or metastable hybrids that might be produced in (Formula presented) annihilations at 4.03 GeV. Under the assumption that the observed cross section for (Formula presented) production is due entirely to ISR, the partial width (Formula presented) of the (Formula presented) is measured to be (Formula presented). © 1998 The American Physical Society.

The absolute inclusive branching fraction of (Formula presented) has been measured from data collected by the BES detector at a center-of-mass energy of 4.03 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 22.3 pb(Formula presented). At this energy, direct pair production (Formula presented) has been observed. We have selected (Formula presented) candidate events by reconstructing five hadronic decay modes (Formula presented), (Formula presented), (Formula presented), (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) and have searched for inclusive (Formula presented)’s in the recoiling (Formula presented). We observed three recoiling (Formula presented)’s in the 166.4 (Formula presented) 31.8 (Formula presented) candidate events, which leads to the absolute branching fraction (Formula presented) and (Formula presented). © 1998 The American Physical Society.

The absolute inclusive branching fraction of (Formula presented) has been measured from data collected by the BES detector at a center-of-mass energy of 4.03 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 22.3 pb(Formula presented). At this energy, direct pair production (Formula presented) has been observed. We have selected (Formula presented) candidate events by reconstructing five hadronic decay modes (Formula presented), (Formula presented), (Formula presented), (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) and have searched for inclusive (Formula presented)’s in the recoiling (Formula presented). We observed three recoiling (Formula presented)’s in the 166.4 (Formula presented) 31.8 (Formula presented) candidate events, which leads to the absolute branching fraction (Formula presented) and (Formula presented). © 1998 The American Physical Society.

A search is performed for the production of the (Formula presented) in (Formula presented) annihilation at a center-of-mass energy of 4.03 GeV using the BES detector operated at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC). The kinematic features of the reconstructed (Formula presented) signal are consistent with its being produced only in association with an energetic photon resulting from initial state radiation (ISR). Limits are placed on (Formula presented) production from the decay of unknown charmonia or metastable hybrids that might be produced in (Formula presented) annihilations at 4.03 GeV. Under the assumption that the observed cross section for (Formula presented) production is due entirely to ISR, the partial width (Formula presented) of the (Formula presented) is measured to be (Formula presented). © 1998 The American Physical Society.

The absolute inclusive semileptonic branching fraction of the [Formula presented] meson has been measured based on [Formula presented] of [Formula presented] collision data collected with the Beijing Spectrometer at [Formula presented] At this energy, the [Formula presented] are produced in pairs: [Formula presented] We reconstructed [Formula presented] [Formula presented] events in five hadronic decay modes. In the recoil system of these events, several [Formula presented] inclusive semileptonic decays were observed and the branching fraction is estimated to be [Formula presented] © 1997 The American Physical Society.

The absolute inclusive semileptonic branching fraction of the [Formula presented] meson has been measured based on [Formula presented] of [Formula presented] collision data collected with the Beijing Spectrometer at [Formula presented] At this energy, the [Formula presented] are produced in pairs: [Formula presented] We reconstructed [Formula presented] [Formula presented] events in five hadronic decay modes. In the recoil system of these events, several [Formula presented] inclusive semileptonic decays were observed and the branching fraction is estimated to be [Formula presented] © 1997 The American Physical Society.

The cross section for e+e-→ρπ has been measured by the BES detector at BEPC at center-of-mass energies covering a 40 MeV interval spanning the J/ψresonance. The data are used to search for the vector gluonium state hypothesized by Brodsky, Lepage, and Tuan as an explanation of the ρπ puzzle in charmonium physics. The shape of the ρπ cross section is compatible with that of the total hadronic cross section. No distortions indicating the presence of a vector glueball are seen. © 1996 The American Physical Society.

A data-driven energy scan in the immediate vicinity of the τ pair production threshold has been performed using the Beijing Spectrometer at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider. Approximately 5pb-1 of data, distributed over 12 scan points, have been collected. A previous mass value for the τ lepton, obtained using only the eµ final state, has been published. In this paper, the final BES result on the mass measurement is presented. The analysis is based on the combined data from the ee, eµ, eh, µµ, µh, and hh final states, where h denotes a charged Π or K. A maximum likelihood fit to the τ pair production cross section data yields the value mT=1776.96-0.21 -0.17+0.18+0.25. © 1995 The American Physical Society.

A data-driven energy scan in the immediate vicinity of the τ pair production threshold has been performed using the Beijing Spectrometer at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider. Approximately 5pb-1 of data, distributed over 12 scan points, have been collected. A previous mass value for the τ lepton, obtained using only the eµ final state, has been published. In this paper, the final BES result on the mass measurement is presented. The analysis is based on the combined data from the ee, eµ, eh, µµ, µh, and hh final states, where h denotes a charged Π or K. A maximum likelihood fit to the τ pair production cross section data yields the value mT=1776.96-0.21 -0.17+0.18+0.25. © 1995 The American Physical Society.

The Beijing Spectrometer (BES) experiment has observed purely leptonic decays of the Ds meson in the reaction e+e-→Ds+Ds- at a c.m. energy of 4.03 GeV. Three events are observed in which one Ds decays hadronically to φπ, K̄*0K, or K̄0K, and the other decays leptonically to μνμ or τντ. With the assumption of μ-τ universality, values of the branching fraction, B(Ds→μνμ)=(1.5-0.6-0.2+1.3+0.3)%, and the Ds pseudoscalar decay constant, fDs=(4.3-1.3-0.4+1.5+0.4)×102 MeV, are obtained. © 1995 The American Physical Society.

Gynostemma pentaphyllum has been used as an herbal tea, vegetable, and dietary supplement for hundreds of years in East Asia. The sweet variety, grown in large areas in Fujian Province, China, is an essential source of "Jiaogulan" herbal tea. However, its sweet components are unknown. To investigate the sweet constituents of Fujian "Jiaogulan" and discover new natural high-potency sweeteners, phytochemical and sensory evaluations were combined to obtain 15 saponins, of which 11 ( 1 - 11 ) were sweet-tasting, including 2 new ones with sweetness intensities 20-200 times higher than that of sucrose, and four ( 12 - 15 ) were bitter-tasting. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods (NMR, MS, IR, UV), hydrolysis, and comparison with literature data. The contents of the 15 saponins were quantitatively analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The contents of 1 and 2 sweet-tasting gypenosides were 9.913 ± 1.735 and 35.852 ± 1.739 mg/kg, respectively. The content of the sweetest compound ( 6 ) was 124.969 ± 0.961 mg/kg. Additionally, compound 4 was the most abundant sweet component (422.530 ± 3.702 mg/kg). Furthermore, molecular docking results suggested interactions of sweet saponins with sweet taste receptors. In general, this study revealed the material basis of the Fujian "Jiaogulan" taste.

Background: Although sequencing technologies have boosted the measurement of the genomic diversity of plant crops, it remains challenging to accurately genotype millions of genetic variants, especially structural variations, with only short reads. In recent years, many graph-based variation genotyping methods have been developed to address this issue and tested for human genomes. However, their performance in plant genomes remains largely elusive. Furthermore, pipelines integrating the advantages of current genotyping methods might be required, considering the different complexity of plant genomes., Results: Here we comprehensively evaluate eight such genotypers in different scenarios in terms of variant type and size, sequencing parameters, genomic context, and complexity, as well as graph size, using both simulated and real data sets from representative plant genomes. Our evaluation reveals that there are still great challenges to applying existing methods to plants, such as excessive repeats and variants or high resource consumption. Therefore, we propose a pipeline called Ensemble Variant Genotyper (EVG) that can achieve better genotyping performance in almost all experimental scenarios and comparably higher genotyping recall and precision even using 5× reads. Furthermore, we demonstrate that EVG is more robust with an increasing number of graphed genomes, especially for insertions and deletions., Conclusions: Our study will provide new insights into the development and application of graph-based genotyping algorithms. We conclude that EVG provides an accurate, unbiased, and cost-effective way for genotyping both small and large variations and will be potentially used in population-scale genotyping for large, repetitive, and heterozygous plant genomes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: The development and progression of gastric cancer (GC) are closely linked to the nutritional status of patients. Although immunotherapy has been demonstrated to be clinically effective, the relationships of sarcopenia and myosteatosis with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with gastric cancer remain to be characterized., Aim: To assess the effects of sarcopenia and myosteatosis on the clinical outcomes of patients with GC undergoing treatment with an ICI., Methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients who were undergoing immunotherapy for GC. For the evaluation of sarcopenia, the optimal cut-off value for the skeletal muscle index was established using receiver operating characteristic analysis of data obtained from pre-treatment computed tomography images at the L3 vertebral level. Myosteatosis was defined using the mean skeletal muscle density (SMD), with a threshold value of < 41 Hounsfield units (HU) for patients with a body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m² and < 33 HU for those with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m². The log-rank test was used to compare progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and a Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify prognostic factors. Nomograms were developed to predict the PFS and OS of patients on the basis of the results of multivariate analyses., Results: We studied 115 patients who were undergoing ICI therapy for GC, of whom 27.4% had sarcopenia and 29.8% had myosteatosis. Patients with sarcopenia or myosteatosis had significantly shorter PFS and OS than those without these conditions. Furthermore, both sarcopenia and myosteatosis were found to be independent predictors of PFS and OS in patients with GC administering an ICI. The prediction models created for PFS and OS were associated with C-indexes of 0.758 and 0.781, respectively., Conclusion: The presence of sarcopenia or myosteatosis is a reliable predictor of the clinical outcomes of patients with GC who are undergoing treatment with an ICI., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no competing financial interests., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To evaluate the results of the inoperable and operable with aortic valve endocarditis, focus on risk factors, significance, and management of destruction of the aortic annulus in aortic valve endocarditis., Methods: The retrospective study was completed to investigate patients with aortic valve endocarditis undergoing cardiac surgery between January 2006 and November 2022 at our hospital., Results: 512 patients were divided into group with destruction of the aortic annulus ( n  = 80) and without destruction of the aortic annulus ( n  = 432). There were 32 operative deaths (6.3%, 32/512). By univariate and multivariate analysis, destruction of the aortic annulus is found to be statistically significantly associated with in-hospital mortality ( P  < 0.001), prolonged mechanical ventilation time (mechanical ventilation time > 96 h, P  = 0.018), early aortic paravalvular leak ( P  < 0.001), and 1-year mortality following cardiac surgery ( P  < 0.001), respectively., Conclusions: In our study, destruction of the aortic annulus increases mortality and health care costs. Optimization of pre-, peri-, and postoperative factors can reduce mortality and morbidity in aortic valve endocarditis. Aortic root replacement could be recommended as the best practice choice for aortic valve endocarditis with periannular abscess and destruction of the aortic annulus., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2024 Huang, Lu, Du, Yang and Li.)

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the chemical basis for the sweet property produced by Gynostemma pentaphyllum and find new natural high-potency (HP) sweeteners. Sixteen new compounds (gypenosides YN 1-16) were obtained by sensory-guided isolation and identification, in which fifteen of them were sweet-tasting constituents with sweetness intensities 10-100 times higher than that of sucrose evaluated by human sensory panel test. Their structures were established by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and chemical method. Gypenoside YN 4 was the sweetest compound with a concentration of 15.504 ± 1.343 mg/kg, while gypenoside YN 12 has the highest concentration (1397.674 ± 12.948 mg/kg), as shown by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Structure-activity relationship analysis implied that the compounds' sweetness intensity was associated with side-chain substitutions at C-20 or the number of glucosyl groups at C-3. These new plant-derived natural products may be potential natural sweeteners., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo, one of the most important orchids because of its medicinal and edible value, has a typical Dendrobium Sw. flora scent, which has great application potential and commercial value to be characterized. The aroma-active compounds originating from D. officinale fresh flowers (DFF) were investigated using a sensomics approach. A combined solid phase microextraction and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation method were used to accurately capture the overall aromatic profile. Exactly 34 odorants were detected and identified by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) coupled with gas chromatography/olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC/O-MS) in DFF, of which nine odorants had a flavor dilution (FD) factor ≥27. All 34 odorants were further quantified. The odor activity values (OAVs) were calculated with the highest value of 7444, in which 18 compounds were confirmed to be key odorants, including 1-octen-3-ol, hexanal, nonanal, phenylacetaldehyde, linalool, 4-oxoisophorone, theaspirane, methyl salicylate, etc. Among the studies above, 42 out of 78 volatiles and 14 out of 34 odorants were identified in DFF for the first time. Then, the aroma profile of the DFF was simulated successfully by aroma recombination experiments based on the quantitation results, and the omission test suggested that alcohols are the decisive type of compounds in the DFF key odorants. In addition, a progressive addition test showed that the aroma recombinate prepared with 18 reference key odorants was able to reconstruct the characteristic aroma of DFF. In comparison, the recombinate constituted by mixing all 34 reference odorants in the same concentrations as determined in the DDF sample could mimic the flower scent and closely match the sensory attributes of the original D. officinale fresh flower., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The nonlinear Hall effect is an unconventional response, in which a voltage can be driven by two perpendicular currents in the Hall-bar measurement. Unprecedented in the family of the Hall effects, it can survive time-reversal symmetry but is sensitive to the breaking of discrete and crystal symmetries. It is a quantum transport phenomenon that has deep connection with the Berry curvature. However, a full quantum description is still absent. Here we construct a quantum theory of the nonlinear Hall effect by using the diagrammatic technique. Quite different from nonlinear optics, nearly all the diagrams account for the disorder effects, which play decisive role in the electronic transport. After including the disorder contributions in terms of the Feynman diagrams, the total nonlinear Hall conductivity is enhanced but its sign remains unchanged for the 2D tilted Dirac model, compared to the one with only the Berry curvature contribution. We discuss the symmetry of the nonlinear conductivity tensor and predict a pure disorder-induced nonlinear Hall effect for point groups C 3 , C 3h , C 3v , D 3h , D 3 in 2D, and T, T d , C 3h , D 3h in 3D. This work will be helpful for explorations of the topological physics beyond the linear regime., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Zingiber cassumunar is an important plant used in traditional medicine and as a natural mosquito repellent. However, the compounds responsible for the repellent activity of the plant are still unknown. The aim of the study is to identify the components of Z. cassumunar essential oil that show repellent activity against Aedes albopictus . We also evaluated the larvicidal and adulticidal activities of Z. cassumunar essential oil against Ae. albopictus . In-cage mosquito repellent experiments showed that Z. cassumunar essential oil possessed moderate repellent activity with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.16 ± 0.01 mg/cm 2 , compared to reference standard N,N -diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET, 0.03 ± 0.01 mg/cm 2 ). Bioassay-guided fractionation identified the major active compound of Z. cassumunar essential oil as (-)-terpinen-4-ol (1) (MED: 0.19 ± 0 mg/cm 2 ). We also found that Z. cassumunar essential oil showed moderate larvicidal activity against first instar larvae of Ae. albopictus with a LC 50 (50% lethal concentration) of 44.9 μg/L after 24 h. Fumigation bioassays showed that Z. cassumunar essential oil exhibits moderate adulticidal activity against Ae. albopictus with a LC 50 of 5.44%, while (-)-terpinen-4-ol showed significant adulticidal activity with a LC 50 of 2.10% after 24 h. This study verifies that the Z. cassumunar essential oil has mosquito repellent activity, and that (-)-terpinen-4-ol is mainly responsible for this activity. Furthermore, this study provides scientific support for the folk usage of Z. cassumunar essential oil as mosquito repellent and indicates that Z. cassumunar essential oil and (-)-terpinen-4-ol can be used as plant-derived repellents and insecticides for mosquito control., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2020 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.)

The charge-density-wave (CDW) mechanism of the 3D quantum Hall effect has been observed recently in ZrTe&#95;{5} [Tang et al., Nature 569, 537 (2019)10.1038/s41586-019-1180-9]. Different from previous cases, the CDW forms on a one-dimensional (1D) band of Landau levels, which strongly depends on the magnetic field. However, its theory is still lacking. We develop a theory for the CDW mechanism of 3D quantum Hall effect. The theory can capture the main features in the experiments. We find a magnetic field induced second-order phase transition to the CDW phase. We find that electron-phonon interactions, rather than electron-electron interactions, dominate the order parameter. We extract the electron-phonon coupling constant from the non-Ohmic I-V relation. We point out a commensurate-incommensurate CDW crossover in the experiment. More importantly, our theory explores a rare case, in which a magnetic field can induce an order-parameter phase transition in one direction but a topological phase transition in other two directions, both depend on one magnetic field.

Objective: To study the difference of long non coding RNA (lncRNA) expression profile in bone marrow specimens of children with acute leukemia (AL) and other hematological disease children with normal bone marrows as controls, to screen the lncRNA related with childhood hematological diseases, and to explore the expression of lncRNA AC002454.1 and its clinical significance in AL children., Methods: The microarray gene chip technology was used to statistically analyze the lncRNA in bone marrow cells of newly diagnose AL children and control children. Ninty-seren differentially expressed lncRNAs were selected. The bone marrow specimens of ALL children (21 cases), AML children (22 cases) and control children (21 cases) were verified and compared by using qRT-PCR; then the lncRNA with maximum differential expression-lncRNA AC002454.1 was selected and used to analyze the relation of relative expression level with clinical indicators., Results: The microarray gene chip detection showed that 1 884 differentially expressed lncRNA were found in ALL children, and 4 289 differentically expressed lncRNA were found in AML children. The results confirming these differentically expressed lncRNA by qRT-PCR showed that 9 lncRNA expression were significantly up-regulated in ALL children, and 12 lncRNA expression were significantly up-regulated in AML children. Among these up-regulated lncRNA, the difference of AC002454.1 expression was most significant in ALL and AML children (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). The detection showed that there was a significant difference, in AC002454.1 relative expression level of newly diagnosed T-ALL and B-ALL children (P＜0.01), moreover, this difference also was found in ALL and AML children (P＜0.05). The detection analysis showed that there was no statistical difference in AC002454.1 relative expression level among the different sex, age, WBC count at initial diagnosis, chromosome, fusion gene, and risk stratification (P＞0.05 for all)., Conclusion: The lncRNA expression profile of AL children has been gained by using the lncRNA microarray gene chip technicology. AC002454.1 the significantly high expression exist in AL children, which relates with immunotyping and prognosis of AL children in a certain degree.

Background: Bacterial predation is an important selective force in microbial community structure and dynamics. However, only a limited number of predatory bacteria have been reported, and their predatory strategies and evolutionary adaptations remain elusive. We recently isolated a novel group of bacterial predators, Bradymonabacteria, representative of the novel order Bradymonadales in δ-Proteobacteria. Compared with those of other bacterial predators (e.g., Myxococcales and Bdellovibrionales), the predatory and living strategies of Bradymonadales are still largely unknown., Results: Based on individual coculture of Bradymonabacteria with 281 prey bacteria, Bradymonabacteria preyed on diverse bacteria but had a high preference for Bacteroidetes. Genomic analysis of 13 recently sequenced Bradymonabacteria indicated that these bacteria had conspicuous metabolic deficiencies, but they could synthesize many polymers, such as polyphosphate and polyhydroxyalkanoates. Dual transcriptome analysis of cocultures of Bradymonabacteria and prey suggested a potential contact-dependent predation mechanism. Comparative genomic analysis with 24 other bacterial predators indicated that Bradymonabacteria had different predatory and living strategies. Furthermore, we identified Bradymonadales from 1552 publicly available 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing samples, indicating that Bradymonadales was widely distributed and highly abundant in saline environments. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there may be six subgroups in this order; each subgroup occupied a different habitat., Conclusions: Bradymonabacteria have unique living strategies that are transitional between the "obligate" and the so-called facultative predators. Thus, we propose a framework to categorize the current bacterial predators into 3 groups: (i) obligate predators (completely prey-dependent), (ii) facultative predators (facultatively prey-dependent), and (iii) opportunistic predators (prey-independent). Our findings provide an ecological and evolutionary framework for Bradymonadales and highlight their potential ecological roles in saline environments. Video abstract.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, non-gliding, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated 1KV19 T , was isolated from a surface sediment sample collected near a bay in the Arctic. Growth of strain 1KV19 T occurred in 1-4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2 %), at 4-35 °C (optimum, 25-30 °C) and at pH 6.5-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-7.5). The phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 1KV19 T was associated with the genus Lutibacter and had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lutibacter oceani 325-5 T with 98.1 % similarity. Similarity values between strain 1KV19 T and the type strains of other Lutibacter species were in the range 95.9-97.6 %. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 1KV19 T and related species of the genus Lutibacter were 76.4-79.1 and 19.9-22.3 %, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids of strain 1KV19 T were iso-C 15 : 0 3-OH, iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 16 : 1  H. The respiratory quinone was MK-6. The major polar lipids of strain 1KV19 T were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified polar lipids. The phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic differences between strain 1KV19 T and its phylogenetic relatives indicate that strain 1KV19 T should be regarded as representing a novel species in the genus Lutibacter , for which the name Lutibacter citreus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1KV19 T (=KCTC 62595 T =MCCC 1H00307 T ).

Strain F3212 T , Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, helical and motile bacterium, was isolated from the marine sediment collected in a sea cucumber culture pond located in Rongcheng, China. Strain F3212 T grew optimally at pH 8.5, at 30 °C and in the presence of 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, indicated that strain F3212 T belongs to the genus Marinospirillum , clustering with M. celere , M. alkaliphilum , M. minutulum , M. megaterium and M. insulare (with 96.4, 94.6, 93.1, 92.4 and 92.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively). The chemotaxonomic properties of strain F3212 T were similar to those of members of the genus Marinospirillum . Q-8 was the sole respiratory ubiquinone and the genomic DNA G+C content was 53.3 mol%. The major fatty acids were C 18 : 1 ω 9 c , C 16 : 0 and C 18 : 0 . The polar lipid pattern consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentifed lipid and an unidentified aminophospholipid. The average nucleotide identity scores for strains M. celere DSM 18438 T and M. minutulum DSM 6287 T were 74.5 and 69.4 %, respectively. The DNA-DNA homologies with M. celere DSM 18438 T and M. minutulum DSM 6287 T were less than 20 %. It's concluded that strain F3212 T represents a new species of the genus Marinospirillum, for which the name Marinospirillum perlucidum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is F3212 T (=KCTC 52892 T =MCCC 1H00198 T ).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and curved-rod-shaped bacterium, designated QM202 T , was isolated from red algae ( Gracilaria blodgettii ). Cells of strain QM202 T were 0.2-0.3 µm wide and 1.0-2.5 µm long, catalase-negative and oxidase-positive. The strain exhibited an agar-degrading activity. It was motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Optimal growth occurred at 28-30 °C, pH 7.0-7.5 and in the presence of 2.0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 41.4 mol%. The isoprenoid quinone was identified as Q-8. Phophatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the predominant phospholipids. The dominant fatty acids were C 18:1 ω7 c , C 16:0 and C 16:1 ω7 c and/or iso-C 15:0 2-OH. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain QM202 T belonged to the genus Marinomonas . The closest described neighbour in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence identity was Marinomonas blandensis MED121 T (95.5 %). The differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness indicated that strain QM202 T can be considered to represent a novel species, Marinomonas agarivorans sp. nov. The type strain is QM202 T (=KCTC 52475 T =MCCC 1H00145 T ).

A novel Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped marine bacterium, designated strain F02 T , was isolated from a marine saltern in Weihai, PR China. The cells of strain F02 T were approximately 0.8-1.0×3.0-4.0 µm and motile by means of a polar flagellum. Strain F02 T grew optimally at 33-35 °C, pH 7.5 and in the presence of 3.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain F02 T showed oxidase- and catalase-positive activities. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain F02 T belonged to the family Halieaceae and exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.6 and 96.4 % to the type strains of Chromatocurvus halotolerans and Parahaliea mediterranea, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids of strain F02 T were C18 : 1ω7c, C16 : 1ω7c, C15 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. The major polar lipids of strain F02 T were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified aminolipid. Strain F02 T contained Q-8 as the sole respiratory quinone. The genomic DNA G+C content was 58.4 mol%. The genome sequences of strain F02 T and Chromatocurvus halotolerans DSM 23344 T had an OrthoANI value of 70.5 %, and the average amino acid identity value between the two genomes was 62.6 %. The sequence similarity value between the rpoB genes of strain F02 T and Chromatocurvus halotolerans DSM 23344 T was 79.5 %. On the basis of polyphasic analysis, strain F02 T represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Kineobactrum sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is F02 T (=KCTC 52616 T =MCCC 1H00224 T ).

The nonlinear Hall effect has opened the door towards deeper understanding of topological states of matter. Disorder plays indispensable roles in various linear Hall effects, such as the localization in the quantized Hall effects and the extrinsic mechanisms of the anomalous, spin, and valley Hall effects. Unlike in the linear Hall effects, disorder enters the nonlinear Hall effect even in the leading order. Here, we derive the formulas of the nonlinear Hall conductivity in the presence of disorder scattering. We apply the formulas to calculate the nonlinear Hall response of the tilted 2D Dirac model, which is the symmetry-allowed minimal model for the nonlinear Hall effect and can serve as a building block in realistic band structures. More importantly, we construct the general scaling law of the nonlinear Hall effect, which may help in experiments to distinguish disorder-induced contributions to the nonlinear Hall effect in the future.