Search

Background: To evaluate the predictive value of sICAM-1 and sP-Selectins in the risk of death in a prospective cohort of adult acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: Adult ARDS patients were included. Plasma sICAM-1, sP-Selectins, and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17A) were detected in ARDS subjects. The correlation between different factors and the potential of sICAM-1 and sP-Selectins as endothelial markers to predict the risk of deathfrom ARDS was analyzed. Results: Plasma sICAM-1 and sP-Selectins were higher in ARDS patients and higher in non-survivors of ARDS. sICAM-1 was significantly correlated with TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8, and sP-Selectins was also significantly correlated with IL-6 and IL-8. Above the critical values of 245.5 ng/mL (sICAM-1) and 482.5 ng/mL (sP-Selectins), the death of the ARDS population increased. High plasma sICAM-1 and sP-Selectins at ICU admission were independent predictors of death of ARDS patients. Conclusion: sICAM-1 and sP-Selectins can predict the risk of death in critically ill patients with ARDS.

Niching in global optimisation refers to a set of techniques designed to identify multiple optimal solutions within a nonlinear, multimodal landscape. These algorithms enhance the exploratory capabilities of conventional metaheuristics by maintaining diversity and supporting coexisting subpopulations across a search space, thereby allowing a more deterministic approach to the true global optimum. Niching algorithms can be categorised into three primary subfamilies: sequential or temporal niching, parallel or spatial niching, and hybrid models which integrate various niching subparadigms. This research paper aims to explore the effectiveness and limitations of different niching algorithms by providing a systematic literature review of the theoretical frameworks within these subfamilies. Eleven major niching native subparadigms have been identified: fitness sharing, crowding, clearing, speciation, restricted tournament selection, clustering, multiobjectivisation, embedded hybrid methods, ensemble hybrid methods, and other hybrid approaches. This study offers a detailed examination of each paradigm's theoretical foundation, including template algorithmic layouts, and delineates the unique elements of each approach. Research contributions from the inception of niching to 2024 have been aggregated from the SCOPUS database and systematically classified. Data aggregation included journal articles, conference papers, review papers, and research reports published in English only following the PRISMA framework. Application papers with novel theoretical ideas were also taken into account. In all, 203 research works were retained under the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study concludes with overarching high-level recommendations for future research in modern niching optimisation, emphasising the development of space and time-scalable methods to enhance the adaptability and efficiency of optimisation algorithms in diverse, increasingly multivariable multimodal problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]