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Platinum (Pt)‐based compounds are the benchmarked catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) but exhibit slow kinetics in alkaline environments. The *OH accumulation on Pt surface can block active sites, affecting proton reduction and water re‐adsorption. Alloying Ruthenium (Ru) with Pt sites can significantly modulate the adsorption and desorption of water dissociation intermediates. Choosing suitable supports and utilizing metal‐support interaction (MSI) is crucial for active site optimization. PtRu alloy anchored on tungsten oxide (WO3) with rich oxygen vacancies (OV) is prepared through an ultrafast microwave‐assisted approach. Benefiting from the coupling effects between alloying and MSI, PtRu/WO3‐OV exhibits exceptionally high HER activity. In 1 m KOH, 1 m KOH + seawater, and 0.5 m H2SO4, it requires ultralow overpotentials of 9, 26, and 6 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2, respectively. The designed catalyst surpasses commercial Pt/C in mass activity and demonstrates considerable potential for intermittent energy integration. Density functional theory reveals that alloying Ru with Pt sites significantly reduces the energy barrier of dissociating *OH, modulating blockage on the surface and then promoting the overall alkaline HER process. This study offers insights into the rapid synthesis of non‐carbon supported catalysts with Pt site modulation for alkaline hydrogen generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with conventional Fenton processes, the electro-Fenton process consumes fewer chemicals and produces less sludge, as it can generate the required Fenton's reagents in situ. In this work, an electro-Fenton reactor was constructed to treat synthetic rhodamine B (Rh B) wastewater, in which a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) was used as a cathode to produce H2O2, and heterogeneous CuFeO@C particles were used to generate Fe2+ in situ. The results indicated that the gas diffusion electrode made of elements N-S-B and r-graphene oxide (NSB-r-GO) composites produced more H2O2 than the one made from r-graphene oxide (r-GO), under the conditions of 0.1 mol ·L−1 Na2SO4 electrolyte, 10 mA·cm−2 current density, and 1.0 L·min−1 O2 flow rate, with the accumulated H2O2 production reaching 105.43 mg·L−1. Additionally, different iron morphologies, including octahedral Fe (II), octahedral Fe (III), and tetrahedral Fe (III), were found in the calcined CuFeO@C particles, approximately 1.0 mg·L−1 of iron ions dissolved in the electrolyte was detected, which worked simultaneously as conductive electrodes in a conceptual three-dimensional electrochemical reactor consisting of a gas diffusion electrode cathode, Ti/RuSn anode, and CuFeO@C particle electrodes. No external Fenton reagents were necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are widely studied in various chemical transformations due to their high catalytic activity and atom utilization. However, modulating the catalytic performance of catalysts by adjusting the microenvironment remains a great challenge. In this paper, a novel master‐double guest vulcanization‐assisted strategy is reported for synthesizing Fe single‐atom catalysts on N,S codoped porous hollow leaf carbon (FeSA/N,S‐PHLC) with highly exposed FeN3SOH sites. Fe(mIm) (guest I) is loaded on the surface of ZIF‐L (host) and then trithiocyanuric acid (TCA, guest II) is bonded with Fe(mIm), and the resulting ZIF‐L@Fe(mIm)@TCA precursors can be converted to FeSA/N,S‐PHLC with controllable structures. In addition, XPS analysis yield an increase in pyridine N content in FeSA/N,S‐PHLC compared to FeSA/N‐PHLC. It can be demonstrated by theoretical calculations that the N,S‐coordinated axially hydroxy‐coordinated asymmetric Fe centers synergistically with the abundance of pyridinic nitrogen facilitate the adsorption and desorption of oxygen intermediates, and the 3d orbitals of the Fe active centers can be optimized. The prepared FeSA/N,S‐PHLC catalyst has a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.91 V under alkaline conditions, and E1/2 = 0.75 V under acidic conditions. It shows excellent cycle stability (882 h) and power density (217 mW cm−2) in the assembly of zinc–air battery (ZABs) devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a great challenge to induce the formation of the RuP4 phase and realize the construction of a metal‐rich phase/phosphorus‐rich phase‐ruthenium phosphide heterostructure by directional regulation of the proportion of P and metal atoms. The ultra‐high conductivity of Ru2P and the excellent ability of V‐doped RuP4 to absorb/desorb H* are confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which laid a theoretical foundation for the construction of a unique Ru2P/V‐RuP4 structure to accelerate HER reaction kinetics. This work innovatively uses the V‐doping strategy to induce the formation of RuP4 phase with high intrinsic activity, and finally construct V‐RuxPy nanosheets with rich Ru/Ru2P/V‐RuP4 heterostructures. Thanks to the rich Ru/Ru2P/V‐RuP4 heterostructure and the optimization of V dopants, the V‐RuxPy catalyst only needs 180 mV to obtain an industrial‐grade current density of 1 A cm−2. In summary, this work provides a new idea for the design and performance optimization of ruthenium‐based catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the pursuit of high energy supercapacitors, the development of high performance pseudocapacitance or battery-type negative electrode material is urgently needed to make up for the capacity shortage of commercial electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) type materials. Herein, a porous and defect-rich FexBi2−xS3 solid solution structure is firstly constructed by employing Fe-doped Bi2O2CO3 porous nanosheets as a precursor, which presents dramatically increased energy storage performance than Bi2S3 and FeS2 phase. For the optimized FexBi2−xS3 solid solution (FeBiS-60%), the Fe solute is free and random dispersed in Bi2S3 framework, which can effectively modulate the electronic structure of Bi element and introduce rich-defect due to the existence of Fe(II). Meanwhile, the FeBiS-60%, constructed by pore nanosheets that are assembled by self-supported basic nanorod units, presents rich mesoporous channels for fast mass transfer and abundant active sites for promoting capacity performance. Therefore, a high capacitance of 832.8 F·g−1 at a current density of 1 A·g−1 is achieved by the FeBiS-60% electrode. Furthermore, a fabricated Ni3S2@Co3S4 (NCS)//FeBiS-60% hybrid supercapacitor device delivers an outstanding energy density of 85.33 Wh·kg−1 at the power density of 0.799 kW·kg−1, and ultra-long lifespan of remaining 86.7% initial capacitance after 8700 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ru dopants enhanced electrocatalytic performance by optimizing the electronic configuration, but how to efficiently dope Ru and introduce strain effect is a challenge. In this work, Vb12 is used to introduce the CN layer into phosphides and effectively increase the doping amount of Ru. Notably, Ru dopants induce Ni2P to produce a tensile strain of 0.172%, effectively optimizing the electronic configuration of Ru-Ni2P. Obviously, Ni with more positive charges acts as the UOR active site, and the optimized Ru acts as the HER active site, synergistically promoting urea-assisted total water decomposition. Surprisingly, the Ru-Ni2P@CN catalyst only required a potential of 1.412 V to drive 1 A cm−2 for urea-assisted water splitting. With the help of Vb12, abundant Ru dopants, and tensile strain were successfully introduced into the phosphide electrode, which provided a new idea for optimizing the performance of the phosphide electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]