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Objective This study was aimed to evaluate the fairness of health human resource allocation of township hospitals in Yunnan Province during 2007-2011. Methods The fairness of health human resource allocation of township hospitals in Yunnan Province was evaluated by drawing Lorenz curve and calculating GINI coefficient, and its change trend from 2007 to 2011 was analyzed. Results From 2007 to 2011, if health human resource of township hospitals in Yunnan Province was allocated according to population distribution, the GINI coefficients of the total health workers, practitioner and assistant practitioner, and registered nurses in the township hospitals decreased from 0.24 to 0.12, from 0.22 to 0.19, and from 0.19 to 0.16 at the province level, respectively. If health human resource was allocated according to geographical distribution, the GINI coefficient of the total health workers in the township hospitals increased from 0.09 to 0.13 at the province level. However, the GINI coefficient of practitioner and assistant practitioner decreased from 0.10 to 0.08, and that of registered nurses stayed close to 0.01. Conclusion The health human resource allocation of township hospitals in Yunnan Province achieves better fairness, and the fairness according to population distribution is superior to that according to geographical distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]