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Professional Development (PD) is regarded a critical channel through which teacher instructional effectiveness improves. However, research shows that teacher discontent with PD is widespread. Bridging literature in organisational decision and labour economics, this study theorises that variation in how schools collect, process and respond to information on teacher needs can influence the degree of information friction in PD provision. Applying a two-step empirical analysis to the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2013 and 2018 United States sample (n = 4,336), findings reveal that teachers demonstrate high levels of concentrated PD need, yet schools do not meet these reported needs. Regression analysis results show that those schools demonstrating higher degrees of plurality in leadership and school autonomy are more effective in addressing teacher needs, while the effect of principal-staff interaction is more complex. Findings contribute new evidence on information friction in teacher PD provisionand identify effective management means in addressing information problems in school settings.

The anti-tank guided missile weapon is a traditional guided munition. It has the characteristics of high accuracy, good damage efficiency, and flexible use in combat. The traditional anti-tank guided missiles have been modernized and upgraded, equipped with corresponding software system, making it more suitable for the current information warfare needs. This paper firstly analyzes the software composition of the anti-tank guided missile system, and starting from the application requirements of anti-tank guided missile, by studying the tactical index system of the missile software system, it proposes design principles of the quality conformity, standardization and scientific process of the tactical index system, and summarizes some general indexes of the missile software system, such as function, performance, security, confidentiality, reliability, ease of use, portability and software engineering. It is of great significance in the dimension of application scenarios.

Several articles have indicated that circular RNAs are involved in pathogenesis of human cancers. Nevertheless, the role of circ_0091579 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remains to be revealed. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was carried out to examine the expression of circ_0091579 and miR-1287. The proliferation of HCC cells was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Western blot assay was conducted to detect the protein expression of CyclinD1, Cleaved caspase3, and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2). Cell glycolysis was evaluated by measuring the uptake of glucose, the production of lactate, and extracellular acidification rate. The target relationship between miR-1287 and circ_0091579 or PDK2 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, and RNA-pull down assay. The enrichment of circ_0091579 was enhanced in HCC tissues (n = 77) and four HCC cell lines (HB611, Huh-7, MHCC97, and SNU423) compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues (n = 77) and normal human liver cell line THLE-2. Circ_0091579 mediated the promotion of proliferation and glycolysis and the suppression of apoptosis of HCC cells. MiR-1287 was a direct target of circ_0091579 in HCC cells. MiR-1287 knockdown reversed the effects caused by circ_0091579 interference on the functions of HCC cells. PDK2 could bind to miR-1287 in HCC cells. Circ_0091579 upregulated the enrichment of PDK2 by acting as a sponge of miR-1287 in HCC cells. The influence caused by circ_0091579 intervention on HCC cells was attenuated by overexpression of PDK2. Circ_0091579 interference impeded the progression of HCC in vivo. Circ_0091579 deteriorated HCC by promoting the proliferation and glycolytic metabolism and suppressing the apoptosis of HCC cells via miR-1287/PDK2 axis.