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BackgroundThe findings regarding the prognosis of prolonged disorders of consciousness (PDOC) vary widely among different studies. This study aims to investigate the mortality, consciousness recovery and disabilities of patients with PDOC after brain injury.MethodsA total of 204 patients with PDOC were included in a longitudinal cohort study, including 129 males and 75 females. There were 112 cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI), 62 cases of cerebral hemorrhage (CH), 13 cases of cerebral infarction (CI) and 17 cases of ischemic hypoxic encephalopathy (IHE). The status of consciousness at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 months of the disease course was assessed or followed up using the Revised Coma Recovery Scale (CRS-R). If the patients were conscious, the disability Rating Scale (DRS) was also performed. The prognosis of different PDOC including coma, vegetative state (VS) and minimal conscious state (MCS) was analyzed. The survival patients were screened for variables and included in multivariate binary Logistic regression to screen the factors affecting the recovery of consciousness.ResultsThe mortality rates at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months were 10.7, 23.4, 38.9, and 68.4%, respectively. The median time of death was 18 months (8.75, 29). The probability of MCS regaining consciousness was higher than VS (p 0.05). The mortality rate of coma was higher than that of other PDOC (p 0.05). The probability of consciousness recovery after TBI was the highest and the mortality rate was the lowest. The possibility of consciousness recovery in IHE was the least, and the mortality rate of CI was the highest. The cause of brain injury and initial CRS-R score were the factors affecting the consciousness recovery of patients (p

In order to investigate the differences in volatile components and major aroma characteristics between tea made from tender and mature leaves of Eucommia ulmoides pre-treated by steam explosion (SE), an electronic nose (E-nose) and headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) were applied to analyze the effect of SE on the volatile components in tea made from tender and mature leaves of the Eucommia ulmoides cultivar ‘Huazhong 8’. The results showed that the principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) models fitted well the E-nose data, which suggested that the aroma characteristics of both tender and mature leaf tea were significantly different between with and without SE pretreatment. Altogether, 177 volatile components were identified by HS-SPME-GC-MS, among which 24 were selected as aroma active substances by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (variable importance in the projection (VIP) value ≥ 1) and Kruskal-Wallis H test (P < 0.05). The key aroma substance of tender leaf tea without SE was dihydroactinidiolide. The key aroma substances of tender leaf tea with SE were dihydroactinidiolide, nonanal, benzaldehyde and phenylacetaldehyde, contributing to citrus-like, flowery, caramelic, bitter almond-like, nutty, rose-like and chocolate-like aromas. No key aroma substances were found in mature leaf tea without SE, while dihydroactinidiolide and nonanal were identified the key aroma substances in mature leaf tea with SE, contributing to sweet peach-like, woody, citrus-like, flowery and caramelic aromas. The results of this study can provide a reference for the development of beverage products based on Eucommia ulmoides leaves.

ABSTRACTWorld literature has been defined as translated literature in circulation. Jin Ping Mei, the 16th-century Chinese classic novel, has been translated into dozens of foreign languages. It is through translation that Jin Ping Mei could circulate widely in the English-speaking world. Therefore, it is of significance to investigate Jin Ping Mei’s journey into the English-speaking world and the variation phenomena that appeared in the process. Professor Cao Shunqing developed the variation theory in his book The Variation Theory of Comparative Literature, in which he emphasized that the variation theory is an applicable framework for studying the dissemination and reception of Chinese literature in the English-speaking world. This paper aims to provide a general picture of the variations shown in the translated texts of Jin Ping Mei in terms of the literary and cultural differences between the East and the West. The author argues that The Golden Lotus translated by Clement Egerton is a deeper variation of literary translation, which realizes Jin Ping Mei’s literary domestic appropriation. Egerton’s The Golden Lotus has become an organic part of English literature, while David Roy’s translation still has a long way to go before being integrated into the English culture.

Food security is a cornerstone of national development, and farmland protection and rationale are crucial for its assurance. However, integrating primary, secondary, and tertiary industries (IPSTI) in rural areas places significant pressure on farmland, threatening food security. This paper employs an evolutionary game model to explore how effective IPSTI can be achieved through stakeholder cooperation, ensuring rational farmland use under strict protection policies. The results reveal eight local equilibrium points in the game model, which can achieve asymptotic stability under varying conditions. Additionally, the behavioral parameters of local governments significantly impact their regulatory strategies for the non-agricultural use of farmland. When benefits increase, or penalties are strengthened, local government regulatory initiatives increase, constraining the behaviors of other participants. The village committee's support strategy is influenced by benefits and costs, requiring a balance between promoting local economic development and minimizing non-agricultural use of farmland by enterprises. Enterprises' decision-making primarily depends on the trade-off between the benefits and costs of non-agricultural use of farmland. The core findings of this study provide a crucial theoretical basis and decision support for formulating farmland protection policies and promoting industrial integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]