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This paper summarized the nursing of a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis resulting in the formation of a cavity in the upper lobe of the right lung causing hemoptysis. Nurses had closely observe the changes in the patient's condition and carried out comprehensive interventions including hemoptysis care, dietary care, disinfection and isolation, cough and sputum production and oxygen therapy care, Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing, psychological care and health education. Efforts were made to reduce the risk of hemoptysis, control the blood glucose, improve immunity and quality of life of the patient. (本文总结1例2型糖尿病合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病导致右肺上叶空洞形成致大咯血患者的护理的经验。患入院后密切观察病情变化, 给予咯血护理、饮食护理、消毒隔离、咳嗽咳痰及氧疗护理、中医护理、心理护理以及健康宣教, 降低患者咯血风险, 积极控制血糖, 增强机体抵抗力, 提高生活质量。)

The objective of current experiment was to study the potential influence of hydrolysable tannin supplementation on slaughter performance, meat quality, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant ability and barrier function in fattening lambs. In total, 36 male Hu sheep lambs with similar body weight (15.83 ± 0.48 kg) and days in age (55 ± 2 d) were randomly assigned to one of three groups of 12 animals each: control without tannin (CON) and tannin supplementation groups (TA1, 3 g/d per lamb; TA2, 6 g/d per lamb). All the lambs were reared in individual hutches, and the experiment lasted for 60 d. On d 61, 8 lambs from each group were randomly selected to slaughter. Results showed that the serum diamine oxidase and lipopolysaccharide contents of TA2 group were higher (p < 0.05) than those of CON group. Compared with CON group, the carcass weight and intramuscular fat content of lambs in TA1 group were increased (p < 0.05) and the meat shear force was decreased (p < 0.05). The trypsin activity in the jejunum and ileum of TA1 group was higher (p < 0.05) than that of CON and TA2 groups. Also, tannin supplementation significantly increased (p < 0.05) the level of jejunal and ileal total antioxidant capacity and reduced (p < 0.05) the jejunal malondialdehyde concentration in lambs. The jejunum and ileum of TA1 lambs showed reduced (p < 0.05) tumor necrosis factor-alpha and increased (p < 0.05) interleukin-10 mRNA levels compared with CON lambs. In the jejunum, the secretory immunoglobulin A content of TA1 group was higher (p < 0.05) than that of CON and TA2 groups. Lambs supplemented with tannin at the level of 3 g/d increased (p < 0.05) the gene expressions of claudin-1 , claudin-4 and zonula occludens-1 in the jejunum when compared to those of CON and TA2 groups. In summary, tannin supplementation at the level of 3 g/d per animal can improve the production performance and intestinal function of fattening lambs fed a high-concentrate diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the current research was to evaluate the influence of lactic acid bacteria and cellulase supplementation on the chemical composition, fermentation parameters, aerobic stability, microbial count, and in vitro nutrients digestibility of silage prepared with Pennisetum giganteum and rice straw. This study consisted of four treatments: a control group with no additive supplementation (CON), a lactic acid bacteria supplementation group (LAB), a cellulase supplementation group (CEL), and a combined supplementation group (LAC). After ensiling for 60 d, the chemical composition, fermentation parameters, microbial count, and aerobic stability were determined. Additionally, ruminal fermentation characteristics were evaluated by an in vitro incubation technique. Compared with CON silage, the quality of LAB and CEL silages was enhanced to a certain degree. Combined supplementation with lactic acid bacteria and cellulase in mixed silage of Pennisetum giganteum and rice straw noticeably increased (p < 0.05) the dry matter, crude protein, and lactic acid contents, whereas it reduced (p < 0.05) the pH and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen as well as the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber concentrations. The lactic acid bacteria count in LAC silage was higher (p < 0.05) than that of CON silage, whereas an opposite trend of yeast, aerobic bacteria, and mold was observed between the two groups. The aerobic stability time, in vitro crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility in LAC silage were significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared with those in CON silage. Moreover, the in vitro ruminal ammonia nitrogen content was reduced (p < 0.05), and the microbial protein and propionic acid concentrations were increased (p < 0.05) in silage after combined inoculation with additives. Taken together, the quality of Pennisetum giganteum and rice straw mixed silage can be improved by inoculation with lactic acid bacteria and cellulase, and combined supplementation shows the greatest improvement in silage quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a crucial role in the development and homeostasis maintenance of multicellular organisms. Apoptosis is a form of PCD that prevents pathological development by eliminating damaged or useless cells. Despite the complexity of fungal apoptosis mechanisms being similar to those of plants and metazoans, fungal apoptosis lacks the core regulatory elements of animal apoptosis. Apoptosis-like PCD in fungi can be triggered by a variety of internal and external factors, participating in biological processes such as growth, development, and stress response. Although the core regulatory elements are not fully understood, apoptosis-inducing factor and metacaspase have been found to be involved. This article summarizes various proteins closely related to fungal apoptosis, such as apoptosis-inducing factor, metacaspase, and inhibitors of apoptosis proteins, as well as their structures and functions. This research provides new strategies and ideas for the development of natural drugs targeting fungal apoptosis and the control of fungal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Surgical castration is a common practice for controlling animal reproduction. However, surgical castration can cause pain and stress and may even lead to psychological harm. As an alternative, GnRH vaccines can lower androgen levels without surgery. In this study, we compared the effects of a newly developed GnRH vaccine and surgical castration in rats. Both methods effectively suppressed sexual behavior, but surgical castration resulted in significant depression and social withdrawal, while the vaccinated rats did not exhibit these behavioral issues. This suggests that GnRH immunocastration may be a more humane method that better aligns with animal welfare standards. Castration is often employed in animal management for reproductive control. However, it is important to evaluate its impact on animal welfare. In this study, we developed rat models for both surgical (n = 6) and GnRH immunocastration (n = 6) to assess the effects of these castration methods on physiological and behavioral characteristics. The novel GnRH-based vaccine significantly increased serum GnRH antibody levels and drastically reduced testosterone, with the testes shrinking to one-fifth the size of those in the control group, thereby halting spermatogenesis at the secondary spermatocyte stage. Behavioral evaluations demonstrated that sexual behavior was significantly suppressed in both surgically and immunologically castrated groups compared to the control, confirming the effectiveness of both methods. However, psychological tests revealed significant signs of depression and social deficits in the surgically castrated group, whereas the behavior of the GnRH-immunocastrated group did not significantly differ from the control. Furthermore, no significant differences in learning and memory were observed among the three groups in the water maze test. Compared to surgical castration, GnRH immunocastration offers effective results and better animal welfare, providing a more humane alternative for livestock management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Lamb fattening is the main production model of mutton sheep farming because it can produce high-quality meat. In order to meet the requirements of nutrients, the fattening lambs are often provided a high-concentrate diet for maintaining productivity. However, during the lamb period, the functions of the immune and digestive organs are relatively low. Long-term feeding of a high-concentrate diet further aggravates the damage to the gastrointestinal tracts and the oxidative stress of lambs. Thus, alleviating oxidative stress and promoting healthy growth of fattening lambs are of great significance in the intensive feeding of the mutton sheep industry. Our experiment studied the effects of tannin supplementation on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, apparent digestibility, and serum antioxidant and immune indexes in fattening lambs fed a high-concentrate diet. The results of this study indicate that tannin can be used as an effective additive to improve immunity and antioxidant ability in fattening lambs. This experiment aimed to study the effects of tannin supplementation on growth performance, rumen fermentation characteristics, apparent digestibility and serum biochemistry, and antioxidant and immune indexes in fattening lambs. A total of 36 male Hu sheep lambs (body weight = 15.83 ± 0.48 kg and days of age = 55 ± 2 d) were fed a high-concentrate diet and randomly divided into one of three groups of 12 animals each: control with no tannin (CON) and tannin treatments (TA1, 3 g/d per lamb; TA2, 6 g/d per lamb). The feeding experiment lasted for 60 d. The results showed that the average daily gain and ruminal propionate content of lambs in the TA1 group were higher (p < 0.05) than those in the CON group. Lambs fed tannin had significantly increased (p < 0.05) microbial protein and decreased (p < 0.05) ammonia nitrogen concentrations in the rumen. In addition, the crude protein and neutral detergent fiber digestibility of the TA2 group were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) as compared with the TA1 and CON groups, respectively. The serum concentrations of triglyceride, immunoglobulin A, and catalase and the total antioxidant capacity were higher (p < 0.05) in the TA1 group that those in the CON group, whereas an opposite trend of urea nitrogen, interleukin-1β, and malondialdehyde was found between the two groups. Also, tannin supplementation increased (p < 0.05) Lactobacillus and decreased (p < 0.05) Salmonella counts in the feces of lambs. Taken together, tannin supplementation can improve the growth performance, immunity, and antioxidant ability of fattening lambs fed a high-concentrate diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) screening and vaccination exert efficacy in controlling the progression of cervical cancer. Thus, examinations into HPV prevalence, age‐stratified specificity, genotype distribution, and their correlation with pathological outcomes can furnish robust evidence for customizing high‐quality population screening and management. Methods: A cohort of 17,923 women attending clinics in the Jintang area, Sichuan, from January 2019 through August 2023 were enrolled in the study. Genotyping of HPV was conducted using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The epidemiology and the relationship between HPV infection and histologic/cytologic abnormalities were subjected to analysis. Results: HPV infection was identified in 4387 women. The outpatient group exhibited a significantly higher HPV infection rate compared to the healthy examination group (26.5% vs. 17.5%, p < 0.05). The distribution of infection rates across different age groups exhibited a U‐shaped pattern, with the highest infection rate in the group ≤20 years of age, succeeded by those >60 years of age. The 31–40 age group demonstrated the lowest prevalence of infection, but upon infection, its prevalence of the precancerous lesion CIN2‐3 reached a maximum of 29.0%, constituting a novel finding. The most prevalent genotype was HPV52, followed by HPV16, 58, 53, 68, and 18. In the cytologic and histologic abnormalities group, the most common types were HPV52, 16, and 58. HPV16 predominantly appeared in high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma in situ, constituting over 60% of cases. While HPV type 52 was not individually detected in cervical cancer cases. And some other non‐vaccine‐covered HPV subtypes also showed high prevalence in Sichuan. The single infection rates of NH9‐HPV (high‐risk HPV subtypes covered by the non‐nine‐valent vaccine) in CIN2‐3 and cervical cancer patients were 6.5% and 2.6%, respectively. Among them, HPV51, HPV53, HPV59, and HPV35 exhibited a significant preponderance, which even higher than HPV45 and HPV31 covered by the nine‐valent vaccine types. And in NL9‐HPV (low‐risk HPV subtypes covered by the non‐nine‐valent vaccine), HPV42 accounted for the highest percentage in CIN2‐3. A similar decreasing trend was observed in annual infection rates in the healthy examination population and in the 31–40 and 51–60 age groups, while the ≤20 age group showed an increase. Regarding type‐specificity, HPV16 and HPV58 exhibited the most rapid declines. Conclusion: This study furnishes the latest insights into the characteristics of HPV infection rate, age distribution, and genotype prevalence in Sichuan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 1946, college student Shen Chong was raped by an inebriated US Marine in Peking. Although the initial trial by the court martial in China found the Marine guilty, the verdict was overturned by Judge Advocate General of the Navy in Washington. Student protests quickly turned into a nationwide anti‐American movement. In contrast to previous studies that emphasise the event's political impacts from the perspective of American imperialism and Chinese nationalism, this article shifts both the focus and scale of inquiry from the macro of national and international politics to the micro of a Chinese woman's body, investigating the particular mechanisms through which injustice towards a Chinese woman was executed in the US justice system. Probing along and against the 'archival grain' in both countries and languages, this article argues that such injustice was not only grounded in the political hegemony of the US military empire, but also resulted from a flawed legal system steeped in racial and sexual biases against Chinese women. This article further suggests that in order to understand this key chapter of Sino–US history, we must bring back to the centre of our study the injured woman, a figure that has remained largely invisible in the grand narratives of conventional political and diplomatic history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus subtilis HNDF2-3 can produce a variety of lipopeptide antibiotics with lower production. To improve its lipopeptide production, three genetically engineered strains were constructed. The results of real-time PCR showed that the highest transcriptional levels of the sfp gene in F2-3sfp, F2-3comA and F2-3sfp-comA were 29.01, 6.65 and 17.50 times of the original strain, respectively, while the highest transcriptional levels of the comA gene in F2-3comA and F2-3sfp-comA were 10.44 and 4.13 times of the original strain, respectively. The results of ELISA showed that the malonyl-CoA transacylase activity of F2-3comA was the highest, reaching 18.53 IU/L at 24 h, the data was 32.74% higher than that of the original strain. The highest total lipopeptide production of F2-3sfp, F2-3comA and F2-3sfp-comA induced by IPTG at optimal concentration were 33.51, 46.05 and 38.96% higher than that of the original strain, respectively. The results of HPLC showed that iturin A production of F2-3sfp-comA was the highest, which was 63.16% higher than that of the original strain. This study laid the foundation for further construction of genetically engineered strains with high lipopeptide production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While well-fed and well-dressed GIs in China had plenty of beef, eggs, milk, alcohol, cigarettes, and candies, Chinese soldiers ate rice, bamboo roots, and pickles, and looked small, malnourished, and filthy.[76] Such food disputes cast a shadow over Sino-U.S. relations throughout the war, and continued into the postwar era, when the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration clashed with the Chinese National Relief and Rehabilitation Administration over distribution of war surplus supplies and relief goods in China.[77] Food politics extended far beyond the store, kitchen, and dining room, reaching the cattle farmland, the slaughterhouse, presidential memos, and national treaties. In January 1947, William W. Lockwood, future president of the Association for Asian Studies, who had served for eighteen months as a U.S. Army officer in China, wrote that the "first venture in large scale American tourism in China" caused "many sour, even hostile, reactions to the Chinese." According to John Hersey, an eminent reporter and writer born into a missionary family in China, the winning jockey was crowned "Miss Rickshaw" by General Albert C. Wedemeyer, commander of American forces in China, and "the winning horse was given a floral horseshoe" and a prize of about seven U.S. dollars.[23] While Chinese media criticized the implicit dog analogy, the winning rickshaw man was invited by the chairman of Madison Square Garden to compete with a famous American runner in New York City.[24] After reports in major U.S. periodicals, this GI creation led to such an enthusiastic response that a Sino-American sporting event was proposed to recreate the spectacle and provide a thrilling experience for audiences back home. [Extracted from the article]

Barley leaf stripe, caused by Pyrenophora graminea, is an essential systemic seed-borne disease in barley worldwide. Barley is a major cereal crop in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, and barley production has been threatened by leaf stripe in this region, particularly in organic farming regions. Detecting the pathogen in infected barley seeds is crucial for managing barley leaf stripe. In this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed to detect the pathogen based on primers designed based on the sequence of the pig 14 gene (GenBank: AJ277800) of P. graminea. The optimal concentrations of MgSO4, dNTPs, and enzymes in the LAMP reaction system were established as 10.0 mM, 1.0 mM, and 8 U in a 25 μL reaction volume, respectively. The established LAMP methods for detecting P. graminea were optimally performed at 63 °C for 70 min with high reliability. The minimum detection limit was 1 × 10−2 ng·μL−1 in the 25 μL reaction system. The specificity of LAMP for P. graminea was validated with eight fungal species. All DNA extracts from P. graminea-infected barley seeds with incubation, intact, and smashed treatments were applied in LAMP and confirmed to enable the detection of the pathogen. The LAMP assay in this study could facilitate the detection of P. graminea in barley seeds onsite, provide information for seed health certificates, and help decide on seed treatment in leaf stripe management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]