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Hemoglobin (Hb) is a hemoprotein containing iron porphyrin, which can catalyse a variety of unnatural reactions. Due to its poor reusability and stability, in this study, we developed a new method to prepare Hb-Cu3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers (HNFs) by co-incubating Hb with Cu2+. This immobilized Hb was used to catalyse the synthesis of ethyl N-phenylglycinate via the carbene N–H insertion reaction. Under the optimum reaction conditions (aniline 1 mmol; ethyl diazoacetate 1 mmol; deionized (DI) water 10 ml; catalyst (protein content: 15 mg); sodium hydrosulfite 25 mg; 25 °C; 12 h), the catalytic yield of Hb-Cu3(PO4)2 HNFs reached as high as 87% and that of free Hb was 74%. In addition, Hb-Cu3(PO4)2 HNFs can maintain a high catalytic performance after 15 cycles and still achieve yields close to 70% of the initial yield after 60 days of storage, indicating that Hb-Cu3(PO4)2 HNFs have a high potential for application in Hb-catalysed organic reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is currently used as a routine treatment for patients with breast cancer. However, it may not be applicable for patients with male breast cancer (MBC), because they have notably different clinicopathological features from those occurring in females. There is a lack of evidence of SLNB application and safe exemption from axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with MBC. This study aimed to evaluate the application of SLNB to provide information for the standardized treatment of patients with MBC. The MBC patient records from 4 institutions ranging from January 2001 to November 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 220 patients with MBC with a median age of 60 (range 24-88) years and an average tumor size of 2.3 cm (range 0.5 cm-6.5 cm). Sixty-six percent of patients underwent SLNB, and 39% of them showed positive results. A total of 157 patients underwent ALND, while only half of them had positive nodes, causing unnecessary complications. For patients in the clinical early stage, we found that the SLNB showed a noninferiority to the ALND treatment in DFS (P =.18) and OS (P =.055). In conclusion, there are certain obstacles to the broad application of SLNB due to the lower proportion of patients with clinically negative lymph nodes. However, it is undeniable that SLNB can safely and effectively exempt patients with MBC at early stage with clinically negative nodes from ALND to reduce subsequent complications. It is still an ideal criterion for the axillary staging of patients with MBC. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is used as a routine treatment for patients with breast cancer; however, it may not be useful for male patients because of the differences in clinicopathological features of male versus female patients. This study evaluated the application of SLNB to provide information for the standardized treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A metal‐free, straightforward, non‐hazardous reagent‐added, one‐pot approach for the efficient synthesis of 2‐arylimino‐2H‐chromenes with high yields was developed for the first time in this report through the coupling of salicylaldehydes with β‐ketothioamides, which was catalyzed by lipase in water. This green strategy provides an efficient method to obtain various 2‐arylimino‐2H‐chromenes and enriches the practical application of biocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart, which provides protection from arrhythmias and sudden death, involves activation of the G protein--coupled inward rectifying [K.sup.+] channel GIRK1/4 and results in an acetylcholine-sensitive [K.sup.+] current, [I.sub.KACh]. We describe a unique relationship between lipid homeostasis, the lipid-sensitive transcription factor SREBP-1, regulation of the cardiac parasympathetic response, and the development of ventricular arrhythmia. In embryonic chick atrial myocytes, lipid lowering by culture in lipoprotein-depleted serum increased SREBP-1 levels, GIRK1 expression, and [I.sub.KACh] activation. Regulation of the GIRK1 promoter by SREBP-1 and lipid lowering was dependent on interaction with 2 tandem sterol response elements and an upstream E-box motif. Expression of dominant negative SREBP-1 (DN--SREBP-1) reversed the effect of lipid lowering on [I.sub.KACh] and GIRK1. In SREBP-1 knockout mice, both the response of the heart to parasympathetic stimulation and the expression of GIRK1 were reduced compared with WT. [I.sub.KACh], attenuated in atrial myocytes from SREBP-1 knockout mice, was stimulated by SREBP-1 expression. Following myocardial infarction, SREBP-1 knockout mice were twice as likely as WT mice to develop ventricular tachycardia in response to programmed ventricular stimulation. These results demonstrate a relationship between lipid metabolism and parasympathetic response that may play a role in arrhythmogenesis., Introduction The balance between the response of the heart to sympathetic and parasympathetic stimuli not only determines the rate and force of contraction but also plays a role in regulating [...]