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2. Supplementary Tables 1-4; Supplementary Figures 1-4 from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via the Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling System, Part 2: The Effect of Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling on Breast Cancer Risk

Author

Drummond, Ann E., primary, Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, Lay, Jannelle, primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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3. Data from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via the Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling System, Part 2: The Effect of Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling on Breast Cancer Risk

Author

Drummond, Ann E., primary, Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, Lay, Jannelle, primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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4. Supplementary Figure from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via the Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling System, Part 2: The Effect of Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling on Breast Cancer Risk

Author

Drummond, Ann E., primary, Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, Lay, Jannelle, primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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5. Data from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on the Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System

Author

Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Drummond, Ann E., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, Chong, Jamie E., primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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6. Supplementary Figure from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on the Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System

Author

Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Drummond, Ann E., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, Chong, Jamie E., primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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7. Figure S1A from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Inflammation, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on Inflammation

Author

Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Drummond, Ann E., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, Lou, Makayla W.C., primary, Boing, Leonessa, primary, Bageley, Amy, primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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8. Table S6B from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Inflammation, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on Inflammation

Author

Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Drummond, Ann E., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, Lou, Makayla W.C., primary, Boing, Leonessa, primary, Bageley, Amy, primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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9. Figure 1 from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Inflammation, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on Inflammation

Author

Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Drummond, Ann E., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, Lou, Makayla W.C., primary, Boing, Leonessa, primary, Bageley, Amy, primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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10. Data from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Inflammation, Part 2: The Effect of Inflammation on Breast Cancer Risk

Author

Lou, Makayla W.C., primary, Drummond, Ann E., primary, Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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11. Table S1 from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Inflammation, Part 2: The Effect of Inflammation on Breast Cancer Risk

Author

Lou, Makayla W.C., primary, Drummond, Ann E., primary, Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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12. Figure S1E from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Inflammation, Part 2: The Effect of Inflammation on Breast Cancer Risk

Author

Lou, Makayla W.C., primary, Drummond, Ann E., primary, Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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13. Table 1 from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Inflammation, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on Inflammation

Author

Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Drummond, Ann E., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, Lou, Makayla W.C., primary, Boing, Leonessa, primary, Bageley, Amy, primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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14. Table 1 from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Inflammation, Part 2: The Effect of Inflammation on Breast Cancer Risk

Author

Lou, Makayla W.C., primary, Drummond, Ann E., primary, Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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15. Figure 2 from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Inflammation, Part 2: The Effect of Inflammation on Breast Cancer Risk

Author

Lou, Makayla W.C., primary, Drummond, Ann E., primary, Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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16. Figure 1 from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Inflammation, Part 2: The Effect of Inflammation on Breast Cancer Risk

Author

Lou, Makayla W.C., primary, Drummond, Ann E., primary, Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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17. Figure 3 from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Inflammation, Part 2: The Effect of Inflammation on Breast Cancer Risk

Author

Lou, Makayla W.C., primary, Drummond, Ann E., primary, Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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18. Figure 3 from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Inflammation, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on Inflammation

Author

Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Drummond, Ann E., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, Lou, Makayla W.C., primary, Boing, Leonessa, primary, Bageley, Amy, primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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19. Figure 2 from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Inflammation, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on Inflammation

Author

Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Drummond, Ann E., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, Lou, Makayla W.C., primary, Boing, Leonessa, primary, Bageley, Amy, primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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20. Figure 4 from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Inflammation, Part 2: The Effect of Inflammation on Breast Cancer Risk

Author

Lou, Makayla W.C., primary, Drummond, Ann E., primary, Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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21. Data from Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Inflammation, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on Inflammation

Author

Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Drummond, Ann E., primary, Milne, Roger L., primary, English, Dallas R., primary, Brown, Kristy A., primary, Lou, Makayla W.C., primary, Boing, Leonessa, primary, Bageley, Amy, primary, Skinner, Tina L., primary, van Roekel, Eline H., primary, Moore, Melissa M., primary, Gaunt, Tom R., primary, Martin, Richard M., primary, Lewis, Sarah J., primary, and Lynch, Brigid M., primary

Published
2023
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22. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Inflammation, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on Inflammation

Author

Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Drummond, Ann E., additional, Milne, Roger L., additional, English, Dallas R., additional, Brown, Kristy A., additional, Lou, Makayla W.C., additional, Boing, Leonessa, additional, Bageley, Amy, additional, Skinner, Tina L., additional, van Roekel, Eline H., additional, Moore, Melissa M., additional, Gaunt, Tom R., additional, Martin, Richard M., additional, Lewis, Sarah J., additional, and Lynch, Brigid M., additional

Published
2023
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23. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Inflammation, Part 2: The Effect of Inflammation on Breast Cancer Risk

Author

Lou, Makayla W.C., primary, Drummond, Ann E., additional, Swain, Christopher T.V., additional, Milne, Roger L., additional, English, Dallas R., additional, Brown, Kristy A., additional, van Roekel, Eline H., additional, Skinner, Tina L., additional, Moore, Melissa M., additional, Gaunt, Tom R., additional, Martin, Richard M., additional, Lewis, Sarah J., additional, and Lynch, Brigid M., additional

Published
2023
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24. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on the Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System

Author

Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Drummond, Ann E., additional, Milne, Roger L., additional, English, Dallas R., additional, Brown, Kristy A., additional, Chong, Jamie E., additional, Skinner, Tina L., additional, van Roekel, Eline H., additional, Moore, Melissa M., additional, Gaunt, Tom R., additional, Martin, Richard M., additional, Lewis, Sarah J., additional, and Lynch, Brigid M., additional

Published
2022
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25. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via the Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling System, Part 2: The Effect of Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling on Breast Cancer Risk

Author

Drummond, Ann E., primary, Swain, Christopher T.V., additional, Milne, Roger L., additional, English, Dallas R., additional, Brown, Kristy A., additional, Skinner, Tina L., additional, Lay, Jannelle, additional, van Roekel, Eline H., additional, Moore, Melissa M., additional, Gaunt, Tom R., additional, Martin, Richard M., additional, Lewis, Sarah J., additional, and Lynch, Brigid M., additional

Published
2022
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26. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on the Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System

Author

Swain, Christopher T V, Drummond, Ann E, Milne, Roger L, English, Dallas R, Brown, Kristy A, Chong, Jamie E, Skinner, Tina L, van Roekel, Eline H, Moore, Melissa M, Gaunt, Tom R, Martin, Richard M, Lewis, Sarah J, Lynch, Brigid M, Swain, Christopher T V, Drummond, Ann E, Milne, Roger L, English, Dallas R, Brown, Kristy A, Chong, Jamie E, Skinner, Tina L, van Roekel, Eline H, Moore, Melissa M, Gaunt, Tom R, Martin, Richard M, Lewis, Sarah J, and Lynch, Brigid M

Abstract

Physical activity may reduce the risk of developing breast cancer via its effect on the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system. A systematic review searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT), Mendelian randomization and prospective cohort studies that examined the effects of physical activity on insulin/IGF signaling [IGFs, their binding proteins (IGFBP), and markers of insulin resistance] in adult women. Meta-analyses were performed to generate effect estimates. Risk of bias was assessed, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system used to determine the overall quality of the evidence. Fifty-eight RCTs met our inclusion criteria, no observational or Mendelian randomization studies met the criteria for inclusion. Meta-analyses indicated that physical activity interventions (vs. control) reduced fasting insulin, the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance and fasting glucose. Physical activity increased IGF-1, but there was no clear effect on IGFBP-3 or the ratio of IGF-1:IGFBP-3. Strong evidence was only established for fasting insulin and insulin resistance. Further research is needed to examine the effect of physical activity on C-peptide and HBA1c in women. Reductions in fasting insulin and insulin resistance following exercise suggest some biological plausibility of the first part of the physical activity-insulin/IGF signaling-breast cancer pathway. See related article by Drummond et al., p. 2116.

Published
2022

27. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via the Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling System, Part 2: The Effect of Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling on Breast Cancer Risk

Author

Drummond, Ann E, Swain, Christopher T V, Milne, Roger L, English, Dallas R, Brown, Kristy A, Skinner, Tina L, Lay, Jannelle, van Roekel, Eline H, Moore, Melissa M, Gaunt, Tom R, Martin, Richard M, Lewis, Sarah J, Lynch, Brigid M, Drummond, Ann E, Swain, Christopher T V, Milne, Roger L, English, Dallas R, Brown, Kristy A, Skinner, Tina L, Lay, Jannelle, van Roekel, Eline H, Moore, Melissa M, Gaunt, Tom R, Martin, Richard M, Lewis, Sarah J, and Lynch, Brigid M

Abstract

Perturbation of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system is often cited as a mechanism driving breast cancer risk. A systematic review identified prospective cohort studies and Mendelian randomization studies that examined the effects of insulin/IGF signaling (IGF, their binding proteins (IGFBP), and markers of insulin resistance] on breast cancer risk. Meta-analyses generated effect estimates; risk of bias was assessed and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system applied to evaluate the overall quality of the evidence. Four Mendelian randomization and 19 prospective cohort studies met our inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of cohort studies confirmed that higher IGF-1 increased risk of breast cancer; this finding was supported by the Mendelian randomization studies. IGFBP-3 did not affect breast cancer. Meta analyses for connecting-peptide and fasting insulin showed small risk increases, but confidence intervals were wide and crossed the null. The quality of evidence obtained ranged from 'very low' to 'moderate'. There were insufficient studies to examine other markers of insulin/IGF signaling. These findings do not strongly support the biological plausibility of the second part of the physical activity-insulin/IGF signaling system-breast cancer pathway. Robust conclusions cannot be drawn due to the dearth of high quality studies. See related article by Swain et al., p. 2106.

Published
2022

30. Production of Inhibin-Related Peptides by Ovarian Tumors

Author

Burger, Henry G., Baillie, Anna, Cahir, Nicholas F., Drummond, Ann E., Gurusinghe, Chandan J., Healy, David L., Jobling, Tom W., Mamers, Pamela M., Robertson, David M., Susil, Beatrice J., Aono, Toshihiro, editor, Sugino, Hiromu, editor, and Vale, Wylie W., editor

Published
1997
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31. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Sex Steroid Hormones, Part 2: The Effect of Sex Steroid Hormones on Breast Cancer Risk

Author

Drummond, Ann E., primary, Swain, Christopher T.V., additional, Brown, Kristy A., additional, Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C., additional, Boing, Leonessa, additional, van Roekel, Eline H., additional, Moore, Melissa M., additional, Gaunt, Tom R., additional, Milne, Roger L., additional, English, Dallas R., additional, Martin, Richard M., additional, Lewis, Sarah J., additional, and Lynch, Brigid M., additional

Published
2021
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32. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer: Text Mining Results and a Protocol for Systematically Reviewing Three Potential Mechanistic Pathways

Author

Lynch, Brigid M., primary, Milne, Roger L., additional, English, Dallas R., additional, Brown, Kristy A., additional, Drummond, Ann E., additional, Swain, Christopher T.V., additional, van Roekel, Eline H., additional, Moore, Melissa M., additional, Gaunt, Tom R., additional, Martin, Richard M., additional, and Lewis, Sarah J., additional

Published
2021
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33. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Sex Hormones, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on Sex Steroid Hormones

Author

Swain, Christopher T.V., primary, Drummond, Ann E., additional, Boing, Leonessa, additional, Milne, Roger L., additional, English, Dallas R., additional, Brown, Kristy A., additional, van Roekel, Eline H., additional, Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C., additional, Lynch, Michael J., additional, Moore, Melissa M., additional, Gaunt, Tom R., additional, Martin, Richard M., additional, Lewis, Sarah J., additional, and Lynch, Brigid M., additional

Published
2021
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38. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Sex Hormones, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on Sex Steroid Hormones.

Author

Swain, Christopher T. V., Drummond, Ann E., Boing, Leonessa, Milne, Roger L., English, Dallas R., Brown, Kristy A., van Roekel, Eline H., Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C., Lynch, Michael J., Moore, Melissa M., Gaunt, Tom R., Martin, Richard M., Lewis, Sarah J., and Lynch, Brigid M.

Abstract

The effect of physical activity on breast cancer risk may be partly mediated by sex steroid hormones. This review synthesized and appraised the evidence for an effect of physical activity on sex steroid hormones. Systematic searches were performed using MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), and SPORTDiscus to identify experimental studies and prospective cohort studies that examined physical activity and estrogens, progestins, and/or androgens, as well as sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and glucocorticoids in pre- and postmenopausal women. Meta-analyses were performed to generate effect estimates. Risk of bias was assessed, and the GRADE system was used to appraise quality of the evidence. Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials (RCT), 81 nonrandomized interventions, and six observational studies were included. Estrogens, progesterone, and androgens mostly decreased, and SHBG increased, in response to physical activity. Effect sizes were small, and evidence quality was graded moderate or high for each outcome. Reductions in select sex steroid hormones following exercise supports the biological plausibility of the first part of the physical activity-sex hormone-breast cancer pathway. The confirmed effect of physical activity on decreasing circulating sex steroid hormones supports its causal role in preventing breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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39. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Sex Steroid Hormones, Part 2: The Effect of Sex Steroid Hormones on Breast Cancer Risk.

Author

Drummond, Ann E., Swain, Christopher T. V., Brown, Kristy A., Dixon-Suen, Suzanne C., Boing, Leonessa, van Roekel, Eline H., Moore, Melissa M., Gaunt, Tom R., Milne, Roger L., English, Dallas R., Martin, Richard M., Lewis, Sarah J., and Lynch, Brigid M.

Abstract

We undertook a systematic review and appraised the evidence for an effect of circulating sex steroid hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) on breast cancer risk in pre- and postmenopausal women. Systematic searches identified prospective studies relevant to this review. Meta-analyses estimated breast cancer risk for women with the highest compared with the lowest level of sex hormones, and the DRMETA Stata package was used to graphically represent the shape of these associations. The ROBINS-E tool assessed risk of bias, and the GRADE system appraised the strength of evidence. In premenopausal women, there was little evidence that estrogens, progesterone, or SHBG were associated with breast cancer risk, whereas androgens showed a positive association. In postmenopausal women, higher estrogens and androgens were associated with an increase in breast cancer risk, whereas higher SHBG was inversely associated with risk. The strength of the evidence quality ranged from low to high for each hormone. Dose-response relationships between sex steroid hormone concentrations and breast cancer risk were most notable for postmenopausal women. These data support the plausibility of a role for sex steroid hormones in mediating the causal relationship between physical activity and the risk of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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40. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer: Text Mining Results and a Protocol for Systematically Reviewing Three Potential Mechanistic Pathways.

Author

Lynch, Brigid M., Milne, Roger L., English, Dallas R., Brown, Kristy A., Drummond, Ann E., Swain, Christopher T. V., van Roekel, Eline H., Moore, Melissa M., Gaunt, Tom R., Martin, Richard M., and Lewis, Sarah J.

Abstract

Epidemiologic research suggests that physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, but the causal nature of this link is not clear. Investigating mechanistic pathways can provide evidence of biological plausibility and improve causal inference. This project will examine three putative pathways (sex steroid hormones, insulin signaling, and inflammation) in a series of two-stage systematic reviews. Stage 1 used Text Mining for Mechanism Prioritisation (TeMMPo) to identify and prioritize relevant biological intermediates. Stage 2 will systematically review the findings from studies of (i) physical activity and intermediates and (ii) intermediates and breast cancer. Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SPORTDiscus will be searched using a combination of subject headings and free-text terms. Human intervention and prospective, observational studies will be eligible for inclusion. Meta-analysis will be performed where possible. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool, or the ROBINS-I or ROBINS-E tool, depending on study type. Strength of evidence will be assessed using the GRADE system. In addition to synthesizing the mechanistic evidence that links physical activity with breast cancer risk, this project may also identify priority areas for future research and help inform the design and implementation of physical activity interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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46. The role of steroids in follicular growth

Author

Drummond Ann E

Subjects
Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991, Reproduction, QH471-489
Abstract

Abstract The steroidogenic pathway within the ovary gives rise to progestins, androgens and oestrogens, all of which act via specific nuclear receptors to regulate reproductive function and maintain fertility. The role of progestins in follicular growth and development is limited, its action confined largely to ovulation, although direct effects on granulosa cell function have been reported. Consistent with these findings, progesterone receptor knockout mice are infertile because they cannot ovulate. Androgens have been shown to promote early follicular growth, but also to impede follicular development by stimulating atresia and apoptosis. The inability of androgens to transduce a signal in mice lacking androgen receptors culminates in reduced fertility. Oestrogens are known to exert effects on granulosa cell growth and differentiation in association with gonadotrophins. Studies with oestrogen receptor knockouts and oestrogen depleted mice have shown us that oestrogen is essential for folliculogenesis beyond the antral stage and is necessary to maintain the female phenotype of ovarian somatic cells. In summary, the action of steroids within the ovary is based on the developmental status of the follicle. In the absence of any single sex steroid, ovarian function and subsequently fertility, are compromised.

Published
2006
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