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Objective To assess the procurement of medicines to treat cancer in China. Methods We conducted a descriptive analysis of the national procurement data for 20 anti-cancer medicines in China from 2015 to 2020. We estimated the number of defined daily doses procured per year in three areas of China for essential medicines and medicines for targeted therapies. We adjusted the data by the number of cancer patients in each region for each year. Findings Between 2015 and 2020, the number of defined daily doses per patient decreased from 40.87 to 35.86 (- 12.27%) for essential medicines, while the number increased from 0.85 to 12.52 (1381.15%) for target medicines. The procurement of three out of 10 essential medicines decreased, whereas procurement of all 10 targeted medicines increased. In 2020, the eastern area procured the most essential medicines (44.98 doses per patient) and targeted medicines (16.55 doses per patient), but had the smallest relative change in procurement of both essential medicines (-22.76%) and targeted medicines (978.16%). The central area had the largest increase in procurement of both essential medicines (9.64%; from 25.25 to 27.68 doses per patient) and targeted medicines (4587.81%; from 0.23 to 10.64 doses per patient). Conclusion Procurement of anti-cancer medicines varied across regions. Specific policies are needed at the national level to eliminate inequalities in access to these medicines. Two issues that need attention are the lower access to many essential anti-cancer medicines in some provinces and the increase in use of targeted medicines. Objectif Evaluer l'approvisionnement en medicaments pour traiter le cancer en Chine. Methodes Nous avons realise une analyse descriptive des donnees d'approvisionnement nationales pour 20 medicaments contre le cancer en Chine, entre 2015 et 2020. Nous avons estime le nombre de doses quotidiennes definies achetees chaque annee dans trois regions du pays, aussi bien de medicaments essentiels comme de medicaments destines a des therapies ciblees. Nous avons ajuste ces donnees en tenant compte du nombre de patients atteints d'un cancer chaque annee dans chacune des regions. Resultats Entre 2015 et 2020, le nombre de doses quotidiennes definies par patient a decline, passant de 40,87 a 35,86 (-12,27%) pour les medicaments essentiels, tandis que ce nombre a augmente de 0,85 a 12,52 (1381,15%) pour les medicaments cibles. Lacquisition de trois des dix medicaments essentiels a diminue; en revanche, les dix medicaments cibles ont tous connu une hausse en matiere d'approvisionnement. En 2020, c'est la region orientale qui s'est procure le plus de medicaments essentiels (44,98 doses par patient) et cibles (16,55 doses par patient), bien qu'elle affiche la plus petite variation relative dans l'achat de medicaments essentiels (-22,76%) et cibles (978,16%). La region centrale, elle, a enregistre la plus importante augmentation dans l'acquisition de medicaments essentiels (9,64%; de 25,25 a 27,68 doses par patient) et cibles (4587,81%; de 0,23 a 10,64 doses par patient). Conclusion L'approvisionnement en medicaments contre le cancer differe d'une region a l'autre. Des mesures specifiques sont necessaires a l'echelle nationale pour mettre un terme aux inegalites dans l'acces a ces traitements. Deux problemes en particulier doivent etre examines: l'acces plus limite a de nombreux medicaments essentiels contre le cancer dans certaines provinces, ainsi que l'utilisation accrue de medicaments cibles. Objetivo Evaluar la adquisicion de medicamentos para tratar el cancer en China. Metodos Se realizo un analisis descriptivo de los datos de adquisicion nacional de 20 medicamentos contra el cancer en China de 2015 a 2020. Se calculo la cantidad de dosis diarias definidas adquiridas por ano en tres regiones de China para medicamentos esenciales y medicamentos para tratamientos dirigidos. Asimismo, se ajustaron los datos en funcion de la cantidad de pacientes con cancer en cada region para cada ano. Resultados Entre 2015 y 2020, la cantidad de dosis diarias definidas por paciente disminuyo de 40,87 a 35,86 (-12,27 %) para los medicamentos esenciales, mientras que la cantidad aumento de 0,85 a 12,52 (1381,15 %) para los medicamentos dirigidos. La adquisicion de tres de los 10 medicamentos esenciales disminuyo, mientras que la adquisicion de los 10 medicamentos dirigidos aumento. En 2020, la region oriental adquirio la mayor cantidad de medicamentos esenciales (44,98 dosis por paciente) y de medicamentos dirigidos (16,55 dosis por paciente), pero tuvo el menor cambio relativo en la adquisicion tanto de medicamentos esenciales (-22,76 %) como de medicamentos dirigidos (978,16 %). La region central es la que mas ha aumentado la compra de medicamentos esenciales (9,64 %, de 25,25 a 27,68 dosis por paciente) y de medicamentos dirigidos (4587,81 %, de 0,23 a 10,64 dosis por paciente). Conclusion La adquisicion de medicamentos contra el cancer varia segun las regiones. Se necesitan politicas especificas a nivel nacional para eliminar las desigualdades en el acceso a estos medicamentos. Dos temas que requieren atencion son el menor acceso a muchos medicamentos esenciales contra el cancer en algunas provincias y el aumento del uso de medicamentos dirigidos., Introduction Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Globally, there were 19.3 million new cancer cases and nearly 10 million cancer deaths in 2020. (1) In 2014, [...]

The review is devoted to an analysis of the capabilities, limitations, and special features of the application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to the determination of drugs and narcotics in human body fluids (blood, urine, and saliva). An analysis of the literature demonstrated that the most efforts of researchers were aimed at overcoming the main disadvantage of SERS as an analysis method-low selectivity, which is especially important in the case of complex objects such as biological fluids. In this regard, the main positive results in the SERS analysis of human biological fluids are currently associated with the development of procedures that minimize the level of a background signal. The procedures are based on various combinations of SERS with separation and preconcentration methods, the use of sample preparation, and the application of chemometrics to take into account the background component of an analytical signal. Significant progress is also associated with the development of multifunctional SERS-active materials, which make it possible to improve the selectivity of analysis. However, it is the analytical part of most works that is the weakest point, which requires further research, including the verification of SERS analysis procedures using control reference methods., Author(s): N. E. Markina [sup.1], I. Yu. Goryacheva [sup.1], A. V. Markin [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.446088.6, 0000 0001 2179 0417, Saratov State University, Institute of Chemistry, , 410012, Saratov, [...]