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17. Effects of anabolic implants and ractopamine-HCl on muscle fiber morphometrics, collagen solubility, and tenderness of beef longissimus lumborum steaks1,2

Author

Ebarb, S. M., primary, Phelps, K. J., additional, Drouillard, J. S., additional, Maddock-Carlin, K. R., additional, Vaughn, M. A., additional, Burnett, D. D., additional, Noel, J. A., additional, Van Bibber- Krueger, C. L., additional, Paulk, C. B., additional, Grieger, D. M., additional, and Gonzalez, J. M., additional

Published
2017
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22. Soybean hulls as a primary ingredient in forage-free diets for limit-fed growing cattle

Author

Loest, C. A., Titgemeyer, E. C., Drouillard, J. S., Blasi, D. A., and Bindel, D. J.

Subjects
Heifers -- Growth, Cattle -- Food and nutrition, Diet -- Analysis, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

In Exp. 1, 300 heifers (260 kg initial BW) were used to compare growth performance of cattle fed forage-free diets containing predominantly soybean hulls with that of cattle receiving roughage- and corn-based diets and to determine whether cattle fed soybean hull-based diets would respond to supplementation with methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA), lipid-coated betaine, or concentrated separator by-product (CSB; a source of betaine). Treatments included 1) a roughage-based diet fed at 2.75% of BW, 2) a corn-based diet fed at 1.5% of BW, 3) a corn-based diet fed at 2.25% of BW, 4) a soybean hull-based diet fed at 1.5% of BW (SH1.5), 5) a soybean hull-based diet fed at 2.25% of BW (SH2.25), 6) SH1.5 top-dressed with 11.4 g/d Alimet (10 g/d MHA), 7) SH2.25 top-dressed with 11.4 g/d Alimet, 8) SH2.25 top-dressed with 7 g/d of a lipid-coated betaine product (4.2 g/d betaine), and 9) SH2.25 top-dressed with 250 g/d CSB (15.5 g/d betaine). Supplemental MHA, betaine, and CSB did not change DMI, ADG, or gain:feed ratio for cattle fed soybean hulls. Heifers fed soybean hull-based diets gained 29% slower (P [is less than] 0.05) and had 27% lower gain:feed ratios than heifers fed the corn-based diets. Cattle fed soybean hull-based diets had gains that were lower (P [is less than] 0.05) than those of cattle fed the roughage-based diets, but gain:feed ratios were similar because cattle were fed less of the soybean hull-based diets. Roughage-fed cattle had similar gains but 25% lower (P [is less than] 0.05) gain:feed ratios than cattle fed the corn-based diets. In Exp. 2, degradation by ruminal microbes ofbetaine in anhydrous betaine, betaine-HCl, feed-grade betaine, lipid-coated betaine, and CSB was evaluated in vitro using ruminal inocula collected from steers fed a high-grain or high-roughage diet. The roughage diet led to less betaine disappearance than the grain diet. More betaine was degraded from CSB than from other sources, perhaps because sugars provided by CSB stimulated fermentation, but no large differences occurred among the other four sources. Betaine from all sources was extensively degraded, although some betaine may escape ruminal degradation. Key Words: Betaine, Heifers, Performance, Soybean Husks

Published
2001

23. Effects of L-carnitine on nitrogen retention and blood metabolites of growing steers and performance of finishing steers

Author

Greenwood, R. H., Titgemeyer, E. C., Stokka, G. L., Drouillard J. S., and Loest, C. A.

Subjects
Carnitine -- Physiological aspects, Cattle -- Physiological aspects, Nitrogen metabolism -- Physiological aspects, Animal nutrition -- Physiological aspects, Rumination -- Physiological aspects, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate L-carnitine supplementation to cattle fed grain-based diets. In Exp. 1, seven Angus-cross steers (216 kg) were used in a 7 x 4 incomplete Latin square experiment to evaluate the effects of supplemental L-carnitine on N balance and blood metabolites. Steers were fed a corn-based diet (17.5% CP) at 2.5% of BW. Treatments were 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 g/d of supplemental carnitine. The 18-d periods included 13 d for adaptation and 5 d for collection of feces and urine. Blood was collected before feeding and 3 and 6 h after feeding on d 18 of each period. Dry matter intakes tended to be highest when 1.5 g/d of carnitine was supplied, but N retention was not affected by carnitine and averaged 29.3 g/d. Plasma carnitine concentrations and urinary excretion increased with increasing carnitine supply, indicating that at least some of the carnitine escaped ruminal degradation and was absorbed by the steers. Plasma concentrations of NEFA demonstrated a treatment x time interaction; they decreased linearly in response to carnitine before feeding but increased linearly in response to carnitine at 6 h after feeding. Serum insulin and plasma glucagon, IGF-I, cholesterol, triglyceride, and amino acids were not affected by carnitine. Plasma concentrations of glucose, glycerol, urea, and [Beta]-hydroxybutyrate all were increased by some of the levels of carnitine supplementation, but results for these measurements did not follow easily described patterns and seemed to be related to differences in DMI. In Exp. 2, 95 crossbred steers (357 kg initial BW) were fed finishing diets (14.5% CP) for 129 d. Diets were based on steam-flaked corn and contained 6% alfalfa and 4% tallow. Feed intakes, gains, and feed efficiencies were not affected by supplementation with 2 g/d L-carnitine. However, steers receiving L-carnitine tended to have fatter carcasses, as indicated by tendencies (P [is less than] 0.2) for thicker backfat, higher marbling scores, and higher yield grades. In conclusion, carnitine supplementation did not alter lean deposition in growing steers but it did alter plasma NEFA concentrations of growing steers fed a corn-based diet and also seemed to increase fat deposition in finishing cattle. Key Words: Carnitine, Cattle, Metabolism, Performance

Published
2001

24. Effects of ruminally protected choline and dietary fat on performance and blood metabolites of finishing heifers

Author

Bindel, D. J., Drouillard, J. S., Titgemeyer, E. C., Wessels, R. H., and Loest, C. A.

Subjects
Heifers -- Growth, Beef cattle, Choline -- Physiological aspects, Dietary fat -- Physiological aspects, Metabolic regulation -- Analysis, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

A 120-d finishing study utilizing 318 heifers (342 kg initial BW) was conducted to examine effects of ruminally protected choline (RPC) in diets containing graded concentrations of tallow. Heifers were blocked according to previous nutrition (full-fed or limit-fed) and allotted to 24 pens containing 11 to 15 heifers. Two pens, one within each block, were assigned to each of 12 factorially arranged treatments including dietary tallow (0, 2, or 4%) and supplemental RPC (0, 20, 40, or 60 g of product daily, estimated to supply 0, 5, 10, or 15 g/d choline postruminally). Heifers were implanted with Revalor-H and fed a finishing diet based on steam-flaked and dry-rolled corn (12.5% CP, 8% alfalfa on DM basis). Dry matter intake decreased (P [is less than] 0.10) by 5.4% when tallow was increased from 0 to 4% but was not affected by RPC. Heifers receiving 4% tallow had 7.3% lower gains than those receiving none (P [is less than] 0.10). Supplementation of RPC increased (P [is less than] 0.10) ADG, with 20 g/d resulting in an 8.6% increase. Similarly, gain efficiency improved (P [is less than] 0.10) by 7.6% with addition of 20 g/d RPC. Yield grade and kidney, pelvic, and heart fat both increased linearly (P [is less than] 0.10) with fat supplementation. The percentage of carcasses grading USDA Choice was not affected by intermediate levels of RPC but decreased with the highest level (60 g/d). Dressing percentage, hot carcass weight, marbling, and 12th-rib fat thickness were not affected significantly by either tallow or RPC. On d 90, jugular blood was collected from all heifers at 2 h postfeeding. Plasma urea and serum insulin concentrations were not affected by either tallow or RPC. Dietary tallow linearly increased (P [is less than or equal to] 0.10) NEFA, cholesterol, triglyceride, and total amino acid concentrations. Choline supplementation led to quadratic responses for total amino acids (P [is less than] 0.10), with concentrations being greatest for intermediate levels of RPC. Moderate levels of supplemental RPC improved growth performance of finishing cattle without negatively affecting carcass characteristics. Optimum performance was achieved with 20 g of product daily. Key Words: Carcasses, Cattle, Choline, Fat, Performance

Published
2000

42. Megasphaera elsdenii dosed orally at processing to reduce BRD and improve gain in high-risk calves during the receiving period

Author

Miller, K. A., Van Bibber-Krueger, C. L., Hollis, L. C., and Drouillard, J. S.

Subjects
biology, business.industry, Bovine respiratory disease, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Feed conversion ratio, Crossbreed, Improved performance, Megasphaera elsdenii, Animal science, Oral administration, Megasphaera, Medicine, Dry matter, business
Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of oral administration of a Megasphaera elsdenii -containing product at initial processing on health and performance of high-risk calves during the receiving period. In Exp. 1, 1294 crossbred steers (BW=262±1.3 lb; 119±0.59 kg) were assigned to a control (CON) group (no M. elsdenii [ME]) or a ME treatment group (100-mL oral dose of M. elsdenii) at arrival processing. All steers were fed a 55% concentrate receiving diet ad libitum, and observed daily for signs of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). There were no differences in dry matter intake, average daily gain, feed efficiency, morbidity, or mortality (P≥0.34). There were significantly fewer first-time relapses in the ME group (P=0.02); however, second-time relapses were similar between treatment groups (P≥0.14). In Exp. 2, crossbred calves (504 bulls, 141 steers; BW=443±10.8 lb or 201±4.9 kg) were allocated to treatment using the same procedures as Exp. 1. Calves in Exp. 2 were fed the same diet as in Exp. 1, and observed daily for clinical signs of BRD. Calves dosed with M. elsdenii had greater dry matter intake, average daily gain, and feed efficiency (P≤0.05) than CON calves. Morbidity due to BRD was 31% less for calves administered M. elsdenii compared to the CON group (P=0.02). First- and second-relapses were not different between treatments (P>0.70), but BRD therapeutic treatment cost/calf was decreased (P, The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 47, No. 2 (2013 Summer)

Published
2013
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