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12. Role of desalination technologies and water reuse in Water-Energy-Food nexus: an opportunity for Algeria

Author

Drouiche, N., Villarreal, O.R., Ouali, S, El Islam Lebouachera, S., Soni, R., Research Center for Semiconductor Technology for Energy (CRTSE), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon [Mexique] (UANL), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au génie Electrique (SIAME), Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs (LFCR), TOTAL FINA ELF-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene = University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene [Alger] (USTHB), Environnement, Santé/Stic (E2S), Université de Bourgogne (UB), and Lancaster University

Subjects
Desalination, Sustainable development goals (SDG’s), Climate change, Water scarcity mitigation, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Water resources in Algeria are scarce, often low quality, fragile, and unequally dispersed over time and space. The pressure on water resources can be associated with industrial development, a steady population growth, and demanding land irrigation measures. These conditions create a tense competition for managing water resources and sharing them between agricultural development, drinking water supply, industrial activities etc. Water treatment and reuse for agriculture is common in some countries. For example, in Spain, 71% of wastewater is used for the agricultural industry. In addition, the effect of climate change has brought national policies focused on the water-energy-food nexus (WEF) to the forefront. Within this context, desalination membrane technologies could play an increasing role for supporting segments of the Algerian economy that are heavily water dependent. In addition, by using renewable energies, such as solar energy in desalination, we would be taking advantage of Algeria’s great potential, estimated at 13.9 TWh/y. By implementing water reuse and desalination strategies together in the agricultural sector, there is an opportunity to expand the access to healthy food and clean water, thereby keeping the WEF nexus effects under control. As well, effective use of energy potential for food use will be a step forward for economic growth in Algeria. © 2022 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.

Published
2022
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17. Role of desalination technologies and water reuse in Water-Energy-Food nexus:an opportunity for Algeria

Author

Drouiche, N., Villarreal, O.R., Ouali, S., El Islam Lebouachera, S., Soni, R., Drouiche, N., Villarreal, O.R., Ouali, S., El Islam Lebouachera, S., and Soni, R.

Abstract

Water resources in Algeria are scarce, often low quality, fragile, and unequally dispersed over time and space. The pressure on water resources can be associated with industrial development, a steady population growth, and demanding land irrigation measures. These conditions create a tense competition for managing water resources and sharing them between agricultural development, drinking water supply, industrial activities etc. Water treatment and reuse for agriculture is common in some countries. For example, in Spain, 71% of wastewater is used for the agricultural industry. In addition, the effect of climate change has brought national policies focused on the water-energy-food nexus (WEF) to the forefront. Within this context, desalination membrane technologies could play an increasing role for supporting segments of the Algerian economy that are heavily water dependent. In addition, by using renewable energies, such as solar energy in desalination, we would be taking advantage of Algeria’s great potential, estimated at 13.9 TWh/y. By implementing water reuse and desalination strategies together in the agricultural sector, there is an opportunity to expand the access to healthy food and clean water, thereby keeping the WEF nexus effects under control. As well, effective use of energy potential for food use will be a step forward for economic growth in Algeria.

Published
2022

18. Simultaneous removal of fluoride and sodium dodecyl sulfate from synthetic photovoltaic wastewater by electrocoagulation: evaluation of operating parameters.

Author

Palahouane, B., Keffous, A., Naceur, M. W., Hecini, M., Aoudj, S., Drouiche, N., Bouchelaghem, O., and Laib, K.

Subjects
SODIUM dodecyl sulfate, SODIUM fluoride, ALUMINUM electrodes, IRON electrodes, SEWAGE, PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems
Abstract

The electrocoagulation (EC) method was applied for the treatment of a complex synthetic photovoltaic wastewater. In photovoltaic (PV) process, HF acid treatment is the most essential step in wafers manufacturing. In addition, repetitive cleaning of the wafers are achieved by use of surfactants. Consequently, PV wastewater is currently rich of fluorides ions and organic surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). In this study, fluoride and SDS are used as model pollutants. Previous studies deal with fluoride and SDS individually using one electrode type. So, this research targets to evaluate the performance of the electrocoagulation process on the removal of fluoride and SDS with hybrid electrode composed of aluminum and iron plates. The treatment was carried out in a discontinuous system equipped with aluminium and iron electrodes. Five influencing variables were investigated: anodic EC material, current intensity, initial pH, electrolysis time and initial pollutant concentration. The best conditions for simultaneous removal F– and SDS with initial concentrations of 100 and 60 mg/L, respectively are: initial pH of 7, a current density of 37.03 A/m² and a treatment time of the 80 min. The corresponding removal efficiencies were 89.07% for fluorides and 93.3% for SDS. The results showed that iron is more adequate to remove SDS while aluminium electrode is better to remove F–. EC method with hybrid Al-Fe electrodes gives better results for simultaneous removal of fluorides and SDS than one type electrodes. Hybrid Al-Fe makes a good compromise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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37. Chlorophytumrhizosphere, a suitable environment for electroactive biofilm development

Author

Tou, I., Azri, Y., Sadi, M., Zitouni, D., Merad, A. S., Laichouchi, A., Drouiche, N., Lounici, H., and Gana-Kebbouche, S.

Abstract

The electroactivity of Chlorophytumrhizospheric soil using imposed potential chronoamperometry and a characteristic cyclic voltammetry was demonstrated in the present work. Five different polarizations were tested: − 0.3, − 0.155, 0, + 0.155, and + 0.3 V/SCE. The current density had stabilized around − 0.0068 mA/m2and − 0.03 mA/m2at − 0.155 and − 0.3 V/SCE, respectively. However, at 0, + 0.155, and + 0.3 V/SCE, a current density had reached respectively 1.46 A/m2, 1.48 A/m2, and 0.6 A/m2. The potential + 0.155 V/SCE seemed to better stimulate the electrogenic bacteria activity of the Chlorophytumrhizosphere. Different bacterial strains had formed electroactive biofilms in response to different electrode polarizations. The Chlorophytumrhizosphere electroactivity has depended on strict anaerobes as well as facultative anaerobic bacteria under anaerobic conditions. Furthermore, the Chlorophytumrhizosphere soil had closed almost equal proportions of Firmicutesand Proteobacteriawhose electroactivity seemed to depend on the Proteobacetriamore than the Firmicutesand had could be thereby a suitable environment for electroactive biofilm development.

Published
2021
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48. Evaluation of the robustness of the enzymatic hydrolysis in batch and continuous mode by a central composite design.

Author

Abdi, N., Kitous, O., Grib, H., Drouiche, M., Lounici, H., Drouiche, N., and Mameri, N.

Subjects
FOOD chemistry, ENZYMES in food, HYDROLYSIS, CONTINUOUS processing, MATHEMATICAL models
Abstract

The main purpose of this work is to study the ability of the enzymatic reaction. For the performance of the experiment, it is desirable to control variations so that they are minimized to the maximum extend and therefore an optimum operating point can be maintained. To achieve this target, the central composite design takes into account all interaction effects that may be useful for creating a mathematical model in agreement with the validity criteria. The model showed to be more suitable for the saccharification experiments in batch mode than in continuous mode. In batch mode, a correlation coefficient close to unity ( R2 = .98) was obtained. Moreover, the resulting mathematical model was satisfactory in accordance with the validation criteria. For continuous mode, the coefficient value obtained was R2 = .83 indicating that the model to study the ability of the enzymatic reaction was inferior than the batch mode conditions of the analysis. Practical applications The ability of the enzymatic reaction to maintain its performance at small experimental condition variations was studied., The central composite design conformed to criterion validity., A correlation coefficient close to unity ( R2 = .98) was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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49. Chromium removal by forward osmosis: a flux modeling and experimental validation

Author

Palahouane, B., Keffous, A., Naceur, M.W., Hecini, M., Bouchelaghem, O., Lami, A., and Drouiche, N.

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of electrocoagulation process on fluoride removal from cleaning bath. Authors investigated changes in the efficiency and energy consumption of such system with different effective operational parameters, such as current density (13.88—37.03 A/m2), electrodes number (4, 5 and 6), initial pH (4, 6, 7 and 9) and electrolysis time. The best performing operating conditions were obtained at pH: 7, current density of 27.77 A/m2, electrodes number of 3. After 50 min of electrocoagulation, 88% of fluoride from an initial concentration of 100 mg/L was removed. Under these conditions, the power requirement was 5.5 kWh/kg fluoride removed. Residual sludge was characterized by using scanning electromicroscopy, ATR-FTIR analyses. According to the results, this process is suggested as an effective and efficient method for removing fluoride deoxidation of silicon wafers.

Published
2019
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