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Objective: This study addresses a practical homeland security issue of considerable current concern: In a situation in which the opportunity exists to question or interview concurrently two or more suspects, how does one determine truth or deception at a social level?Background: Recent world events have led to an increased emphasis on the capacity to detect deception, especially in military, security, and law enforcement settings. In many screening or checkpoint situations, the opportunity exists to question two or more suspects regarding their involvement in some activity, yet investigators know very little regarding characteristics of speech or behavior that are exhibited between two suspects that indicate truth or deception.Method: We conducted an empirical study in which pairs of police officers and firefighters who had served together as partners took part. In the "truth" conditions, each dyad described a recent event in which they had actually taken part, and in the "deceptive" conditions, each dyad fabricated a story that did not take place. We expected that the officers in the truth-telling dyads would be able to draw on shared or transactive memory of the actual event they had participated in and would describe this event in a more interactive manner than would those in deceptive dyads.Results: Results indicated greater evidence of synchrony of behavior as well as more interactive behaviors, such as mutual gaze and speech transitions, in truthful dyads than in deceptive dyads.Conclusion: This research provides a unique perspective on detecting deception in a social context, and the results have both theoretical and practical value.Application: These results can inform training programs and refine strategies used by screeners in field settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluid teams are teams that are rapidly assembled from across disciplines or areas of expertise to address a near-term problem. They are typically composed of individuals who have no prior familiarity with one another, who as a team must begin work immediately, and who disband at the completion of the task. Prior research has noted the challenges posed by this unique type of team context. To date, fluid teams have been understudied, yet their relevance and application in the modern workplace is expanding. This Perspective article presents a concise overview of critical research gaps and opportunities to support selection, training, and workplace design for fluid teams., Competing Interests: TD and JD were employed by Florida Maxima Corporation. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Driskell, Funke, Tolston, Capiola and Driskell.)

Objective: We describe a methodology that provides a nonobtrusive means of detecting stress and related deficits through the assessment of spontaneous verbal output in ongoing communications., Background: In high-demand environments, operational personnel are exposed to an array of environmental, task, and interpersonal stressors that can negatively impact performance as well as jeopardize safety and well-being. In these settings, the requirement exists to assess cognitive and emotional state "at a distance" and without interfering with ongoing performance., Method: We describe a lexical approach to assessing stress effects from ongoing or spontaneous verbal output. This approach is examined in a spaceflight analog setting., Results: We assess stress effects in terms of five core dimensions and develop lexical indicators of these core stress dimensions and relevant sub-facets. We establish the proof-of-concept of this approach by presenting representative data from a spaceflight analog., Conclusion: This approach provides an unobtrusive means to evaluate ongoing task communications at the individual and team level in order to assess cognitive/emotional states such as workload, negative affect, attentional focus, anxiety, and team orientation., Application: There are many high-demand settings in which it is valuable to monitor the potential negative effects of stress on operational personnel. These environments include spaceflight, the military, aviation, law enforcement, and medicine.

The term teamwork has graced countless motivational posters and office walls. However, although teamwork is often easy to observe, it is somewhat more difficult to describe and yet more difficult to produce. At a broad level, teamwork is the process through which team members collaborate to achieve task goals. Teamwork refers to the activities through which team inputs translate into team outputs such as team effectiveness and satisfaction. In this article, we describe foundational research underlying current research on teamwork. We examine the evolution of team process models and outline primary teamwork dimensions. We discuss selection, training, and design approaches to enhancing teamwork, and note current applications of teamwork research in real-world settings. (PsycINFO Database Record, ((c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).)

In alkali rf-discharge lamps used for optical pumping in atomic clocks and magnetometers, a buffer-gas (Kr or Xe) allows electrons to extract energy from an rf-field, and these energized electrons eventually produce alkali resonant light. Contrary to naïve intuition, rf-discharge lamps can lose their noble-gas buffer over time. Recently, we began a long-term experimental program to better understand the mechanism of noble-gas loss in rf-discharge lamps, and needed a nondestructive means of measuring buffer-gas pressure changes in sealed glass cells. For this purpose, we settled on the Kazantsev, Smirnova, and Khutorshchikov (KSK) technique, which is based on inferring buffer-gas pressure from the collision shift of an alkali ground-state hyperfine transition frequency νhfs. Here, we discuss the basic KSK technique and two modifications that we have implemented for its improvement: use of a diode laser for optical pumping, and extrapolation of νhfs to zero magnetic field. Testing our system's long-term performance with a very low pressure reference cell (i.e., 3.3 torr Xe), we find a reproducibility of 0.2% and an absolute accuracy of 5%. Further, our systematic drift is less than 1 mtorr/month.

Fourteen animal studies involving the implantation of beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramic (TPC) in rats, dogs, and primates have shown the material to be effective in repairing many types of bony defects. Histological examinations confirm that the implant is resorbed and concomitantly replaced by normal bone when firmly fixed to freshly cut and bleeding bone. Tissue compatibility has been shown to be superior to other synthetic materials. TPC has been used in human clinical studies to repair marginal and periapical periodontal defects, as well as apexification and miscellaneous alveolar bony defects. When used to repair marginal periodontal defects, degrees of repair equaled or exceeded those obtained using autogenous bone. Complete bone fill, as evidenced by radiography, was observed in the repair of two-and three-walled periapical defects. TPC afforded a better barrier than calcium hydroxide in the obturation of open apexes and provided equivalent repair. No adverse reactions attributable to TPC have been reported.

"Synthos" (beta-tricalcium phosphate) implants in bone are resorbed and replaced with endogenous bone. This investigation was conducted to study by continuous flow and static system techniques, whether or not resorption of synthos occurs by passive dissolution at 37 degrees C. Calcium and phosphates were released in a time dependent manner from synthos in calcium and phosphate free Tris-Hcl buffer (pH 7.4). Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of buffer exposed ceramics indicated breakdown of grain structure. In contrast, levels of human plasma calcium and phosphate were not altered by ceramics. Significant amounts of 32p were absorbed by the ceramics in the first hour and 45Ca in the second hour of exposure to plasma containing the radioactive isotopes. Exposure of ceramics to plasma did not alter the levels of plasm isotopes significantly for the remaining duration of the experiment. However, breakdown of grain structure was evident in SEM's of ceramics exposed to plasma. It appears that in an acellular physiological environment, dissolution of synthos is diffusion dependent and is limited to a localized surface exchange phenonmenon.