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1. HydroBench: Jupyter supported reproducible hydrological model benchmarking and diagnostic tool

Author

Moges, Edom, Ruddell, Benjamin L, Zhang, Liang, Driscoll, Jessica M, Norton, Parker, Perez, Fernando, and Larsen, Laurel G

Subjects
Hydrology, Atmospheric Sciences, Earth Sciences, Hydrological Modeling, Model Evaluation, Model Benchmarking, Model Diagnostics, Uncertainty Analysis, Nash Sutcliffe, Kling-Gupta, Reproducibility, Geology, Geophysics, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Physical geography and environmental geoscience
Abstract

Evaluating whether hydrological models are right for the right reasons demands reproducible model benchmarking and diagnostics that evaluate not just statistical predictive model performance but also internal processes. Such model benchmarking and diagnostic efforts will benefit from standardized methods and ready-to-use toolkits. Using the Jupyter platform, this work presents HydroBench, a model-agnostic benchmarking tool consisting of three sets of metrics: 1) common statistical predictive measures, 2) hydrological signature-based process metrics, including a new time-linked flow duration curve and 3) information-theoretic diagnostics that measure the flow of information among model variables. As a test case, HydroBench was applied to compare two model products (calibrated and uncalibrated) of the National Hydrologic Model - Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (NHM-PRMS) at the Cedar River watershed, WA, United States. Although the uncalibrated model has the highest predictive performance, particularly for high flows, the signature-based diagnostics showed that the model overestimates low flows and poorly represents the recession processes. Elucidating why low flows may have been overestimated, the information-theoretic diagnostics indicated a higher flow of information from precipitation to snowmelt to streamflow in the uncalibrated model compared to the calibrated model, where information flowed more directly from precipitation to streamflow. This test case demonstrated the capability of HydroBench in process diagnostics and model predictive and functional performance evaluations, along with their tradeoffs. Having such a model benchmarking tool not only provides modelers with a comprehensive model evaluation system but also provides an open-source tool that can further be developed by the hydrological community.

Published
2022

3. Evaluating Distributed Snow Model Resolution and Meteorology Parameterizations Against Streamflow Observations: Finer Is Not Always Better.

Author

Barnhart, Theodore B., Putman, Annie L., Heldmyer, Aaron J., Rey, David M., Hammond, John C., Driscoll, Jessica M., and Sexstone, Graham A.

Subjects
STREAMFLOW, METEOROLOGY, SNOW cover, SNOW accumulation, MODELS & modelmaking, SNOWMELT
Abstract

Estimating snow conditions is often done using numerical snowpack evolution models at spatial resolutions of 500 m and greater; however, snow depth in complex terrain often varies on sub‐meter scales. This study investigated how the spatial distribution of simulated snow conditions varied across seven model spatial resolutions from 30 to 1,000 m and over two meteorological data sets, coarser (≈12 km) and finer (4 km). Simulated snow covered area (SCA) was compared to remotely sensed SCA and simulated watershed mean peak snow water equivalent (SWE) was compared to four streamflow statistics representing different water management‐relevant aspects of the hydrograph using non‐parametric correlations. April 1 SWE tended to increase with model resolution, particularly below 4,000 masl. Finer meteorology simulations produced deeper April 1 SWE than coarser meteorology simulations. Finer resolution snow simulations tended to produce longer snowmelt durations and slower snowmelt rates than coarser resolution simulations. Finer resolution simulations had better agreement with SCA for both meteorology data sets, particularly at high and low elevations. However, finer resolution simulations did not generally outperform coarser simulations in snow versus streamflow statistic correlations. Snow versus streamflow correlations were most sensitive to meteorology, watershed properties, and then resolution. Watershed physiographic properties such as wetness index may increase snow versus streamflow metric correlations while elevation and slope may decrease correlations. At watershed scales, these results suggest that simulation resolution and choice of meteorology is less important than the physiographic properties of the watershed; however, if resolving snow distribution across the landscape is important, finer‐resolution simulations are useful. Plain Language Summary: Estimating how much snow is in the mountains is usually done with computer models that divide the landscape into square patches measuring about 500 m or greater on a side, but we know that snow depth can change substantially over smaller distances. This study investigated how changes in (a) the size of the squares (bigger squares are coarser scale, smaller squares are finer scale) representing snow in computer models and (b) the weather information used to run the computer model alters the estimates of the amount of mountain snow. We found that coarse scale computer models tended to have deeper snow and that fine scale models had longer snowmelt seasons. Fine scale computer models had better agreement with satellite observations of where snow was covering the landscape. When model estimates of snow amount were compared to streamflow records from 13 watersheds in Colorado, USA we did not find that fine scale models outperformed coarse models. These results suggest that fine scale computer models are useful to put snow in the right place and represent snowmelt in patches on the landscape but coarser models are sufficient for predicting streamflow when using statistical regression methods. Key Points: Snow simulations of April 1 snow water equivalent are similar at resolutions at or below ≈150 mFine‐resolution (30 m) snow simulations agree best with snow covered area observationsSimulations with 500 m and 1,000 m spatial resolutions show acceptable performance for interannual correlations with streamflow [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. High Resolution SnowModel Simulations Reveal Future Elevation‐Dependent Snow Loss and Earlier, Flashier Surface Water Input for the Upper Colorado River Basin

Author

Hammond, John C., primary, Sexstone, Graham A., additional, Putman, Annie L., additional, Barnhart, Theodore B., additional, Rey, David M., additional, Driscoll, Jessica M., additional, Liston, Glen E., additional, Rasmussen, Kristen L., additional, McGrath, Daniel, additional, Fassnacht, Steven R., additional, and Kampf, Stephanie K., additional

Published
2023
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13. Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective

Author

Blöschl, Günter, primary, Bierkens, Marc F.P., additional, Chambel, Antonio, additional, Cudennec, Christophe, additional, Destouni, Georgia, additional, Fiori, Aldo, additional, Kirchner, James W., additional, McDonnell, Jeffrey J., additional, Savenije, Hubert H.G., additional, Sivapalan, Murugesu, additional, Stumpp, Christine, additional, Toth, Elena, additional, Volpi, Elena, additional, Carr, Gemma, additional, Lupton, Claire, additional, Salinas, Josè, additional, Széles, Borbála, additional, Viglione, Alberto, additional, Aksoy, Hafzullah, additional, Allen, Scott T., additional, Amin, Anam, additional, Andréassian, Vazken, additional, Arheimer, Berit, additional, Aryal, Santosh K., additional, Baker, Victor, additional, Bardsley, Earl, additional, Barendrecht, Marlies H., additional, Bartosova, Alena, additional, Batelaan, Okke, additional, Berghuijs, Wouter R., additional, Beven, Keith, additional, Blume, Theresa, additional, Bogaard, Thom, additional, Borges de Amorim, Pablo, additional, Böttcher, Michael E., additional, Boulet, Gilles, additional, Breinl, Korbinian, additional, Brilly, Mitja, additional, Brocca, Luca, additional, Buytaert, Wouter, additional, Castellarin, Attilio, additional, Castelletti, Andrea, additional, Chen, Xiaohong, additional, Chen, Yangbo, additional, Chen, Yuanfang, additional, Chifflard, Peter, additional, Claps, Pierluigi, additional, Clark, Martyn P., additional, Collins, Adrian L., additional, Croke, Barry, additional, Dathe, Annette, additional, David, Paula C., additional, de Barros, Felipe P. J., additional, de Rooij, Gerrit, additional, Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, additional, Driscoll, Jessica M., additional, Duethmann, Doris, additional, Dwivedi, Ravindra, additional, Eris, Ebru, additional, Farmer, William H., additional, Feiccabrino, James, additional, Ferguson, Grant, additional, Ferrari, Ennio, additional, Ferraris, Stefano, additional, Fersch, Benjamin, additional, Finger, David, additional, Foglia, Laura, additional, Fowler, Keirnan, additional, Gartsman, Boris, additional, Gascoin, Simon, additional, Gaume, Eric, additional, Gelfan, Alexander, additional, Geris, Josie, additional, Gharari, Shervan, additional, Gleeson, Tom, additional, Glendell, Miriam, additional, Gonzalez Bevacqua, Alena, additional, González-Dugo, María P., additional, Grimaldi, Salvatore, additional, Gupta, A. B., additional, Guse, Björn, additional, Han, Dawei, additional, Hannah, David, additional, Harpold, Adrian, additional, Haun, Stefan, additional, Heal, Kate, additional, Helfricht, Kay, additional, Herrnegger, Mathew, additional, Hipsey, Matthew, additional, Hlaváčiková, Hana, additional, Hohmann, Clara, additional, Holko, Ladislav, additional, Hopkinson, Christopher, additional, Hrachowitz, Markus, additional, Illangasekare, Tissa H., additional, Inam, Azhar, additional, Innocente, Camyla, additional, Istanbulluoglu, Erkan, additional, Jarihani, Ben, additional, Kalantari, Zahra, additional, Kalvans, Andis, additional, Khanal, Sonu, additional, Khatami, Sina, additional, Kiesel, Jens, additional, Kirkby, Mike, additional, Knoben, Wouter, additional, Kochanek, Krzysztof, additional, Kohnová, Silvia, additional, Kolechkina, Alla, additional, Krause, Stefan, additional, Kreamer, David, additional, Kreibich, Heidi, additional, Kunstmann, Harald, additional, Lange, Holger, additional, Liberato, Margarida L. R., additional, Lindquist, Eric, additional, Link, Timothy, additional, Liu, Junguo, additional, Loucks, Daniel Peter, additional, Luce, Charles, additional, Mahé, Gil, additional, Makarieva, Olga, additional, Malard, Julien, additional, Mashtayeva, Shamshagul, additional, Maskey, Shreedhar, additional, Mas-Pla, Josep, additional, Mavrova-Guirguinova, Maria, additional, Mazzoleni, Maurizio, additional, Mernild, Sebastian, additional, Misstear, Bruce Dudley, additional, Montanari, Alberto, additional, Müller-Thomy, Hannes, additional, Nabizadeh, Alireza, additional, Nardi, Fernando, additional, Neale, Christopher, additional, Nesterova, Nataliia, additional, Nurtaev, Bakhram, additional, Odongo, Vincent O., additional, Panda, Subhabrata, additional, Pande, Saket, additional, Pang, Zhonghe, additional, Papacharalampous, Georgia, additional, Perrin, Charles, additional, Pfister, Laurent, additional, Pimentel, Rafael, additional, Polo, María J., additional, Post, David, additional, Prieto Sierra, Cristina, additional, Ramos, Maria-Helena, additional, Renner, Maik, additional, Reynolds, José Eduardo, additional, Ridolfi, Elena, additional, Rigon, Riccardo, additional, Riva, Monica, additional, Robertson, David E., additional, Rosso, Renzo, additional, Roy, Tirthankar, additional, Sá, João H.M., additional, Salvadori, Gianfausto, additional, Sandells, Mel, additional, Schaefli, Bettina, additional, Schumann, Andreas, additional, Scolobig, Anna, additional, Seibert, Jan, additional, Servat, Eric, additional, Shafiei, Mojtaba, additional, Sharma, Ashish, additional, Sidibe, Moussa, additional, Sidle, Roy C., additional, Skaugen, Thomas, additional, Smith, Hugh, additional, Spiessl, Sabine M., additional, Stein, Lina, additional, Steinsland, Ingelin, additional, Strasser, Ulrich, additional, Su, Bob, additional, Szolgay, Jan, additional, Tarboton, David, additional, Tauro, Flavia, additional, Thirel, Guillaume, additional, Tian, Fuqiang, additional, Tong, Rui, additional, Tussupova, Kamshat, additional, Tyralis, Hristos, additional, Uijlenhoet, Remko, additional, van Beek, Rens, additional, van der Ent, Ruud J., additional, van der Ploeg, Martine, additional, Van Loon, Anne F., additional, van Meerveld, Ilja, additional, van Nooijen, Ronald, additional, van Oel, Pieter R., additional, Vidal, Jean-Philippe, additional, von Freyberg, Jana, additional, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, additional, Wachniew, Przemyslaw, additional, Wade, Andrew J., additional, Ward, Philip, additional, Westerberg, Ida K., additional, White, Christopher, additional, Wood, Eric F., additional, Woods, Ross, additional, Xu, Zongxue, additional, Yilmaz, Koray K., additional, and Zhang, Yongqiang, additional

Published
2019
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20. Event-Response Ellipses: A Method to Quantify and Compare the Role of Dynamic Storage at the Catchment Scale in Snowmelt-Dominated Systems.

Author

Driscoll, Jessica M., Meixner, Thomas, Ferre, Ty P. A., Molotch, Noah P., Williams, Mark W., and Sickman, James O.

Subjects
STORAGE, SNOWMELT, STREAMFLOW, WATER balance (Hydrology), WATERSHEDS
Abstract

A method for quantifying the role of dynamic storage as a physical buffer between snowmelt and streamflow at the catchment scale is introduced in this paper. The method describes a quantitative relation between hydrologic events (e.g., snowmelt) and responses (e.g., streamflow) by generating event-response ellipses that can be used to (a) characterize and compare catchment-scale dynamic storage processes, and (b) assess the closure of the water balance. Event-response ellipses allow for the role of dynamic, short-term storage to be quantified and compared between seasons and between catchments. This method is presented as an idealization of the system: a time series of a snowmelt event as a portion of a sinusoidal wave function. The event function is then related to a response function, which is the original event function modified mathematically through phase and magnitude shifts to represent the streamflow response. The direct relation of these two functions creates an event-response ellipse with measurable characteristics (e.g., eccentricity, angle). The ellipse characteristics integrate the timing and magnitude difference between the hydrologic event and response to quantify physical buffering through dynamic storage. Next, method is applied to eleven snowmelt seasons in two well-instrumented headwater snowmelt-dominated catchments with known differences in storage capacities. Results show the time-period average daily values produce different event-response ellipse characteristics for the two catchments. Event-response ellipses were also generated for individual snowmelt seasons; however, these annual applications of the method show more scatter relative to the time period averaged values. The event-response ellipse method provides a method to compare and evaluate the connectivity between snowmelt and streamflow as well as assumptions of water balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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21. Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective

Author

Blöschl, Günter, Bierkens, Marc F.P., Chambel, Antonio, Cudennec, Christophe, Destouni, Georgia, Fiori, Aldo, Kirchner, James W., McDonnell, Jeffrey J., Savenije, Hubert H.G., Sivapalan, Murugesu, Stumpp, Christine, Toth, Elena, Volpi, Elena, Carr, Gemma, Lupton, Claire, Salinas, Josè, Széles, Borbála, Viglione, Alberto, Hafzullah Aksoy, Allen, Scott T., Anam Amin, Vazken Andréassian, Arheimer, Berit, Aryal, Santosh K., Baker, Victor, Bardsley, Earl, Barendrecht, Marlies H., Bartosova, Alena, Batelaan, Okke, Berghuijs, Wouter R., Beven, Keith, Blume, Theresa, Bogaard, Thom, Amorim, Pablo Borges De, Böttcher, Michael E., Boulet, Gilles, Breinl, Korbinian, Brilly, Mitja, Brocca, Luca, Buytaert, Wouter, Castellarin, Attilio, Castelletti, Andrea, Xiaohong Chen, Yangbo Chen, Yuanfang Chen, Chifflard, Peter, Claps, Pierluigi, Clark, Martyn P., Collins, Adrian L., Croke, Barry, Dathe, Annette, David, Paula C., Barros, Felipe P. J. De, Rooij, Gerrit De, Baldassarre, Giuliano Di, Driscoll, Jessica M., Duethmann, Doris, Ravindra Dwivedi, Eris, Ebru, Farmer, William H., Feiccabrino, James, Ferguson, Grant, Ferrari, Ennio, Ferraris, Stefano, Fersch, Benjamin, Finger, David, Foglia, Laura, Keirnan Fowler, Gartsman, Boris, Gascoin, Simon, Gaume, Eric, Gelfan, Alexander, Geris, Josie, Shervan Gharari, Gleeson, Tom, Glendell, Miriam, Bevacqua, Alena Gonzalez, González-Dugo, María P., Grimaldi, Salvatore, A. B. Gupta, Guse, Björn, Dawei Han, Hannah, David, Harpold, Adrian, Haun, Stefan, Heal, Kate, Helfricht, Kay, Herrnegger, Mathew, Hipsey, Matthew, Hlaváčiková, Hana, Hohmann, Clara, Holko, Ladislav, Hopkinson, Christopher, Hrachowitz, Markus, Tissa H. Illangasekare, Inam, Azhar, Camyla Innocente, Istanbulluoglu, Erkan, Jarihani, Ben, Kalantari, Zahra, Kalvans, Andis, Sonu Khanal, Khatami, Sina, Kiesel, Jens, Kirkby, Mike, Knoben, Wouter, Kochanek, Krzysztof, Kohnová, Silvia, Kolechkina, Alla, Krause, Stefan, Kreamer, David, Kreibich, Heidi, Kunstmann, Harald, Lange, Holger, Liberato, Margarida L. R., Lindquist, Eric, Link, Timothy, Junguo Liu, Loucks, Daniel Peter, Luce, Charles, Mahé, Gil, Makarieva, Olga, Malard, Julien, Shamshagul Mashtayeva, Shreedhar Maskey, Mas-Pla, Josep, Mavrova-Guirguinova, Maria, Mazzoleni, Maurizio, Mernild, Sebastian, Misstear, Bruce Dudley, Montanari, Alberto, Müller-Thomy, Hannes, Alireza Nabizadeh, Nardi, Fernando, Neale, Christopher, Nesterova, Nataliia, Bakhram Nurtaev, Odongo, Vincent O., Subhabrata Panda, Saket Pande, Zhonghe Pang, Papacharalampous, Georgia, Perrin, Charles, Pfister, Laurent, Pimentel, Rafael, Polo, María J., Post, David, Sierra, Cristina Prieto, Maria-Helena Ramos, Renner, Maik, Reynolds, José Eduardo, Ridolfi, Elena, Rigon, Riccardo, Riva, Monica, Robertson, David E., Rosso, Renzo, Tirthankar Roy, Sá, João H.M., Gianfausto Salvadori, Sandells, Mel, Schaefli, Bettina, Schumann, Andreas, Scolobig, Anna, Seibert, Jan, Servat, Eric, Shafiei, Mojtaba, Sharma, Ashish, Sidibe, Moussa, Sidle, Roy C., Skaugen, Thomas, Smith, Hugh, Spiessl, Sabine M., Stein, Lina, Ingelin Steinsland, Strasser, Ulrich, Su, Bob, Szolgay, Jan, Tarboton, David, Tauro, Flavia, Thirel, Guillaume, Fuqiang Tian, Tong, Rui, Kamshat Tussupova, Tyralis, Hristos, Uijlenhoet, Remko, Beek, Rens Van, Ent, Ruud J. Van Der, Ploeg, Martine Van Der, Loon, Anne F. Van, Meerveld, Ilja Van, Nooijen, Ronald Van, Oel, Pieter R. Van, Jean-Philippe Vidal, Freyberg, Jana Von, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, Przemyslaw Wachniew, Wade, Andrew J., Ward, Philip, Westerberg, Ida K., White, Christopher, Wood, Eric F., Woods, Ross, Zongxue Xu, Yilmaz, Koray K., and Yongqiang Zhang

Subjects
13. Climate action, 6. Clean water
Abstract

This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.

22. Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) - a community perspective

Author

Blöschl, Günter, Bierkens, Marc F.P., Chambel, Antonio, Cudennec, Christophe, Destouni, Georgia, Fiori, Aldo, Kirchner, James W., McDonnell, Jeffrey J., Savenije, Hubert, Sivapalan, Murugesu, Stumpp, Christine, Toth, Elena, Volpi, Elena, Carr, Gemma, Lupton, Claire, Salinas, Josè, Szeles, Borbala, Viglione, Alberto, Aksoy, Hafzullah, Allen, Scott T., Amin, Anam, Andréassian, Vazken, Arheimer, Berit, Aryal, Santosh K., Baker, Victor R., Bardsley, Earl, Barendrecht, Marlies, Bartošová, Alena, Batelaan, Okke, Berghuijs, Wouter Reinier, Beven, Keith J., Blume, Theresa, Bogaard, Thorn A., Borges de Amorim, Pablo, Böttcher, Michael E., Boulet, Gilles, Breinl, Korbinian, Brilly, Mitja, Brocca, Luca, Buytaert, Wouter, Castellarin, Attilio, Castelletti, Andrea F., Chen, Xiaohong, Chen, Yangbo, Chen, Yuanfang, Chifflard, Peter, Claps, Pierluigi, Clark, Martyn P., Collins, Andrian L., Croke, Barry F.W., Dathe, Annette, David, Paula C., De Barros, Felipe P.J., De Rooij, Gerrit H., Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, Driscoll, Jessica M., Duethmann, Doris, Dwivedi, Ravindra, Eriş, Ebru, Farmer, William H., Feiccabrino, James M., Ferguson, Grant, Ferrari, Ennio, Ferraris, Stefano, Fersch, Benjamin, Finger, David, Foglia, Laura, Fowler, Keirnan J.A., Gartsman, Boris I., Gascoin, Simon, Gaume, Eric, Gelfan, Alexander N., Geris, Josie, Gharari, Shervan, Glendell, Miriam, Gonzalez Bevacqua, Alena, González-Dugo, Maria P., Grimaldi, Salvatore, Gupta, Anil, Guse, Björn, Han, Dawei, Hannah, David M., Harpold, Adrian A., Haun, Stefan, Heal, Kate V., Helfricht, Kay, Herrnegger, Mathew, Hipsey, Matthew R., Hlaváčiková, Hana, Hohmann, Clara, Holko, Ladislav, Hopkinson, Chris D., Hrachowitz, Markus, Illangasekare, Tissa H., Inam, Azhar, Innocente, Camyla, Istanbulluoglu, Erkan, Jarihani, Ben, Kalantari, Zahra, Kalvans, Andis, Khanal, Sonu, Khatami, Sina, Kiesel, Jens, Kirkby, Michael J., Knoben, Wouter J.M., Kochanek, Krzysztof, Kohnová, Silvia, Kolechkina, Alla G., Krause, Stefan, Kreamer, David K., Kreibich, Heidi, Kunstmann, Harald, Lange, Holger, Liberato, Margarida L.R., Lindquist, Eric, Link, Timothy E., Liu, Junguo, Loucks, Daniel P., Luce, Charles H., Mahé, Gil, Makarieva, Olga, Malard, Julien J., Mashtayeva, Shamshagul, Maskey, Shreedhar, Mas-Pla, Josep, Mavrova-Guirguinova, Maria, Mazzoleni, Maurizio, Mernild, Sebastian H., Misstear, Bruce, Montanari, Alberto, Müller-Thomy, Hannes, Nabizadeh, Alireza, Nardi, Fernando, Neale, Christopher, Nesterova, Nataliia V., Nurtaev, Bakhram, Odongo, Vincent O., Panda, Subhabrata, Pande, Saket, Pang, Zhonghe, Papacharalampous, Georgia A., Perrin, Charles, Pfister, Laurent, Pimentel, Rafael, Polo, María J., Post, David A., Prieto Sierra, Cristina, Ramos, Maria H., Renner, Maik, Reynolds, José E., Ridolfi, Elena, Rigon, Riccardo, Riva, Monica, Robertson, David, Rosso, Renzo, Roy, Tirthankar, Sá, João H.M., Salvadori, Gianfausto, Sandells, Mel, Schaefli, Bettina, Schumann, Andreas, Scolobig, Anna, Seibert, Jan, Servat, Eric, Shafiei, Mojtaba, Sharma, Ashish, Sidibe, Moussa, Sidle, Roy C., Skaugen, Thomas, Smith, Hugh G., Spiessl, Sabine M., Stein, Lina, Tong, Rui, Tussupova, Kamshat, Tyralis, Hristos, Uijlenhoet, Remko, van Beek, Rens, Van Der Ent, Ruud J., van der Ploeg, Martine, Van Loon, Anne F., van Meerveld, Ilja, Van Nooijen, Ronald R.P., Van Oel, Pieter R., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, von Freyberg, Jana, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, Wachniew, Przemyslaw, Wade, Andrew J., Ward, Philip J., Westerberg, Ida K., White, Christopher J., Wood, Eric F., Woods, Ross A., Xu, Zongxue, Yilmaz, Koray K., and Zhang, Yongqiang

Subjects
research agenda, interdisciplinary, hydrology, science questions, 6. Clean water, knowledge gaps
Abstract

Hydrological sciences journal, 64 (10), ISSN:0262-6667, ISSN:2150-3435

23. Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) – a community perspective

Author

Blöschl, Günter, Bierkens, Marc F.P., Chambel, Antonio, Cudennec, Christophe, Destouni, Georgia, Fiori, Aldo, Kirchner, James W., McDonnell, Jeffrey J., Savenije, Hubert H.G., Sivapalan, Murugesu, Stumpp, Christine, Toth, Elena, Volpi, Elena, Carr, Gemma, Lupton, Claire, Salinas, Josè, Széles, Borbála, Viglione, Alberto, Hafzullah Aksoy, Allen, Scott T., Anam Amin, Vazken Andréassian, Arheimer, Berit, Aryal, Santosh K., Baker, Victor, Bardsley, Earl, Barendrecht, Marlies H., Bartosova, Alena, Batelaan, Okke, Berghuijs, Wouter R., Beven, Keith, Blume, Theresa, Bogaard, Thom, Amorim, Pablo Borges De, Böttcher, Michael E., Boulet, Gilles, Breinl, Korbinian, Brilly, Mitja, Brocca, Luca, Buytaert, Wouter, Castellarin, Attilio, Castelletti, Andrea, Xiaohong Chen, Yangbo Chen, Yuanfang Chen, Chifflard, Peter, Claps, Pierluigi, Clark, Martyn P., Collins, Adrian L., Croke, Barry, Dathe, Annette, David, Paula C., Barros, Felipe P. J. De, Rooij, Gerrit De, Baldassarre, Giuliano Di, Driscoll, Jessica M., Duethmann, Doris, Ravindra Dwivedi, Eris, Ebru, Farmer, William H., Feiccabrino, James, Ferguson, Grant, Ferrari, Ennio, Ferraris, Stefano, Fersch, Benjamin, Finger, David, Foglia, Laura, Keirnan Fowler, Gartsman, Boris, Gascoin, Simon, Gaume, Eric, Gelfan, Alexander, Geris, Josie, Shervan Gharari, Gleeson, Tom, Glendell, Miriam, Bevacqua, Alena Gonzalez, González-Dugo, María P., Grimaldi, Salvatore, A. B. Gupta, Guse, Björn, Dawei Han, Hannah, David, Harpold, Adrian, Haun, Stefan, Heal, Kate, Helfricht, Kay, Herrnegger, Mathew, Hipsey, Matthew, Hlaváčiková, Hana, Hohmann, Clara, Holko, Ladislav, Hopkinson, Christopher, Hrachowitz, Markus, Tissa H. Illangasekare, Inam, Azhar, Camyla Innocente, Istanbulluoglu, Erkan, Jarihani, Ben, Kalantari, Zahra, Kalvans, Andis, Sonu Khanal, Khatami, Sina, Kiesel, Jens, Kirkby, Mike, Knoben, Wouter, Kochanek, Krzysztof, Kohnová, Silvia, Kolechkina, Alla, Krause, Stefan, Kreamer, David, Kreibich, Heidi, Kunstmann, Harald, Lange, Holger, Liberato, Margarida L. R., Lindquist, Eric, Link, Timothy, Junguo Liu, Loucks, Daniel Peter, Luce, Charles, Mahé, Gil, Makarieva, Olga, Malard, Julien, Shamshagul Mashtayeva, Shreedhar Maskey, Mas-Pla, Josep, Mavrova-Guirguinova, Maria, Mazzoleni, Maurizio, Mernild, Sebastian, Misstear, Bruce Dudley, Montanari, Alberto, Müller-Thomy, Hannes, Alireza Nabizadeh, Nardi, Fernando, Neale, Christopher, Nesterova, Nataliia, Bakhram Nurtaev, Odongo, Vincent O., Subhabrata Panda, Saket Pande, Zhonghe Pang, Papacharalampous, Georgia, Perrin, Charles, Pfister, Laurent, Pimentel, Rafael, Polo, María J., Post, David, Sierra, Cristina Prieto, Maria-Helena Ramos, Renner, Maik, Reynolds, José Eduardo, Ridolfi, Elena, Rigon, Riccardo, Riva, Monica, Robertson, David E., Rosso, Renzo, Tirthankar Roy, Sá, João H.M., Gianfausto Salvadori, Sandells, Mel, Schaefli, Bettina, Schumann, Andreas, Scolobig, Anna, Seibert, Jan, Servat, Eric, Shafiei, Mojtaba, Sharma, Ashish, Sidibe, Moussa, Sidle, Roy C., Skaugen, Thomas, Smith, Hugh, Spiessl, Sabine M., Stein, Lina, Ingelin Steinsland, Strasser, Ulrich, Su, Bob, Szolgay, Jan, Tarboton, David, Tauro, Flavia, Thirel, Guillaume, Fuqiang Tian, Tong, Rui, Kamshat Tussupova, Tyralis, Hristos, Uijlenhoet, Remko, Beek, Rens Van, Ent, Ruud J. Van Der, Ploeg, Martine Van Der, Loon, Anne F. Van, Meerveld, Ilja Van, Nooijen, Ronald Van, Oel, Pieter R. Van, Jean-Philippe Vidal, Freyberg, Jana Von, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, Przemyslaw Wachniew, Wade, Andrew J., Ward, Philip, Westerberg, Ida K., White, Christopher, Wood, Eric F., Woods, Ross, Zongxue Xu, Yilmaz, Koray K., and Yongqiang Zhang

Subjects
13. Climate action, 6. Clean water
Abstract

This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.

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