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Introduction The prevalence of adolescent e-cigarette use has increased markedly in recent years. Specifically, the prevalence of e-cigarette use over the past 30 days was higher than the prevalence of use of other tobacco products. However, there is no definitive data on e-cigarette use among adolescents, including a description of how e-cigarette use is part of a more widespread pattern of substance abuse. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of e-cigarette use in combination with tobacco, alcohol, or marijuana, and the risk of polysubstance use among a sample of Thai adolescents, analyzed by sociodemographic characteristics. Methods Data were extracted from the Bangkok Behavioral Surveillance Survey (BBSS) cross-sectional survey conducted in 2019. The survey used self-reports from a sample of adolescents aged 14-17 years in Bangkok (n=6167). Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the status of poly drug use in combination with e-cigarettes. Results In all, 6.8% of adolescents in this sample reported having used e-cigarettes in the last 30 days. Among the students who used e-cigarettes, the majority (72.0%) reported using other substances along with e-cigarettes, and alcohol was the most common addictive substance used in combination with e-cigarette use. The use of e-cigarettes only and e-cigarettes in combination with other addictive substances (compared to the non-e-cigarette group) tended to be higher among male students, having low academic achievement, having a friend who smokes, being persuaded by a close friend, having ever had sex (OR: 1.48-3.70), and having close friends who drink alcohol (vs none) (OR=3.26). Conclusions Polysubstance use is highly prevalent among adolescents who use e-cigarettes. There should be extensive screening for e-cigarette consumption, including use of other addictive substances, especially alcohol. Early and comprehensive prevention efforts to reduce the use of e-cigarettes and other addictive substances can have a huge impact on the health of the adolescent population.

In the European Region, 40 % of poor health and premature deaths are caused by three avoidable risk factors: smoking, alcohol and traffic accidents (which are in turn frequently caused by alcohol). Among the WHO regions, Europe has the highest prevalence of tobacco smoking among both adults (28.0 %) and adolescents (19.0 %).In the period from 1999 to 2014 three series of international surveys (ESPAD, GYTS, and HBSC) were carried out in Ukraine, which contained, inter alia, questions on smoking. All interviews were conducted among children of different school ages. The results of the survey of schoolchildren conducted in 2010–2011, de­monstrated that Ukraine continues to occupy a leading position in terms of smoking (3rd place after the Czech Republic and Italy). The following negative tendencies have been revealed: 28.8 % ever smokers initiated smoking before age ten; 3.7 % always have or feel like having a cigarette first thing in the mor­ning; besides cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos, mini-cigars become more popular among the adolescent smokers (to 7.2 %); 55.3 % of never smokers are likely to initiate smoking next year; 19.2 % have an object with a cigarette brand logo. In addition to tobacco, alcohol is the second common habit among today’s teenagers. According to the Institute for Social and Forensic Psychiatry and Toxicology, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, 22 % of pupils and students drink alcohol on a daily basis or several times a week. The high prevalence of smoking and alcohol use among children and adolescents in Ukraine requires the deve­lopment and introduction of new effective preventive measures aimed at the formation of health behavior in young people. It is also important to start preventive measures in advance of the onset of risk behavior.

The use and misuse of alcohol has become a public health problem among the South African (SA) elderly population, among whom risky drinking is a common practice. Previous publications encouraging a...

BACKGROUND Data about small area estimates of cancer risk factors are difficult to obtain in Canada. The current study aims to provide an assessment of the prevalence of different behavioral risk factors of cancer at the level of Canadian provinces/territories and sub provincial health regions/units. METHODS Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) datasets for 2017/2018 were reviewed and adult participants (≥ 18 years old) were included. Baseline demographic data and health behaviors (including ever-smoking, current smoking, alcohol drinking in the past 12 months, below-recommended physical activity, and obesity) were reviewed. Prevalence of each of these behaviors within different provinces/territories as well as within each health region was reviewed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was then done to examine the association between place of residence and cancer risk factors. RESULTS A total of 104,636 adult participants were included in the current analysis. For ever-smoking, the highest prevalence was noted in Nunavut (79.7%); for current smoking, the highest prevalence was noted in Nunavut (67.2%); for alcohol drinking in the past 12 months, the highest prevalence was noted in Quebec (89.3%); for below-recommended physical activity, the highest prevalence was noted in Nunavut (51.3%); for obesity, the highest prevalence was noted in Northwest territories (31.5%). Compared to individuals living within a territory, individuals living within a province were less likely to ever smoke (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.54-0.71), currently smoke (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.45-0.59), be obese (OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71-0.95), but more likely to drink alcohol in the past 12 months (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.20-1.65). There is no difference between both categories with regards to physical activity (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.89-1.15). CONCLUSIONS There is a general province/territory disparity in the prevalence of different modifiable cancer risk factors as well as disparity between individual provinces/health regions in Canada.

The successful treatment of HIV infection relies on adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Alcohol use remains a threat to ART adherence, including the beliefs held by people who drink alcohol that it is harmful to take ART when consuming alcohol (i.e., alcohol-ART interactive toxicity beliefs, AA-ITB). We reviewed the current research that has investigated AA-ITB and their relationship to intentional ART nonadherence. The review of 17 published studies found that AA-ITB are prevalent among people receiving ART and that AA-ITB are directly associated with ART nonadherence and incomplete HIV suppression. Family, friends and healthcare providers are common sources and reinforcers of AA-ITB. Studies suggest that AA-ITB may best be explained by the Medication Necessity and Concerns Beliefs Model, treating AA-ITB as a specific circumstance of medication concerns. Interventions are needed to communicate the realities of potential medication interactions and dispel myths that it is harmful to mix alcohol with ART, while not inadvertently suggesting that it is safe to drink with all medications, which could undermine adherence to ART by increasing alcohol use.

We sought to determine the association between ‘trouble sleeping’, alcohol intake, hot flashes, and quality of life (QOL) in early-stage breast cancer survivors attending the Sydney Cancer Survivorship Clinic (SCSC). Survivors who had completed primary adjuvant treatment completed questionnaires assessing the following: symptoms, QOL (mean global score on FACT-G), and alcohol intake (drinks per day for past week), on the first visit to SCSC. Trouble sleeping and hot flashes were scored from 0 (no trouble at all) to 10 (worst I can imagine), with scores ≥ 4 classified as at least moderate and ≥ 7 severe. 238 breast cancer survivors attended SCSC from September 2013 to May 2019, with data available for 227 (median age 53 years; 70% on endocrine therapy). Trouble sleeping was at least moderate in 54% and severe in 19%. 47% reported consuming alcohol (mean 4.9 drinks/week). Scores for trouble sleeping were no different between survivors reporting alcohol consumption and not (mean 4.13 vs. 3.6; p = 0.17). Survivors reporting at least moderate trouble sleeping (vs. less than moderate) were no more likely to drink alcohol (OR 1.74, 95% CI 0.96–3.14, p = 0.067) but had poorer mean QOL scores (69.1 vs. 78.3; p = 0.0006). Survivors reporting at least moderate hot flashes (vs. less than moderate) were more likely to report at least moderate trouble sleeping (OR 3.78, 95% CI 2.02–6.71, p < 0.0001) and had worse mean QOL scores (68 vs. 78; p = 0.001). Trouble sleeping is common amongst breast cancer survivors and associated with hot flashes and poorer QOL, but not with self-reported alcohol consumption.

Little is known about adults in China who drink homemade alcohol, and whether they are at elevated risk of harms relative to those who drink alcohol from commercial sources. Purpose: We describe an...

People with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and women who drink alcohol while pregnant can experience stigma, possibly exacerbated by stereotyped media portrayals. To understand experiences ...

Tyrimo tikslas – remiantis psichosocialinės savižudybių autopsijos duomenimis,įvertinti vyrų savižudybių rizikos veiksnius Lietuvos miestuose ir kaimo vietovėse.Tyrimo duomenys surinkti pusiau struktūruoto interviu formatu apklausiant 110nusižudžiusių vyrų artimuosius. Atlikus statistinę duomenų analizę, paaiškėjo, kadnusižudę miesto vyrai dažniau nei kaimo buvo jaunesnio amžiaus, turėjo su mokslų ar studijomis bei sveikata susijusių sunkumų. Trečdalis sirgo įvairiomis lėtinėmis fizinėmis ligomis, beveik ketvirtadaliui buvo diagnozuoti psichikos sveikatos sutrikimai. Tik kiek mažiau nei dešimtadalis tiek mieste, tiek kaime gyvenusių nusižudžiusių vyrų nevartojo alkoholio. Daugiau nei pusė nusižudžiusių vyrų vienaip ar kitaip bandė spręsti patiriamus sunkumus bei ieškojo kitų pagalbos. Beveik trečdalis nusižudžiusių miesto vyrų ir penktadalis kaimo vyrų mėnesio laikotarpyje iki savižudybės turėjo kontaktą su sveikatos priežiūros specialistais. Miestuose gyvenę vyrai turėjo dažnesnį nei kaime gyvenę nusižudžiusieji kontaktą su sveikatos priežiūros specialistais ir mėnesio laikotarpiu iki savižudybės dukart dažniau kontaktavo su įvairiais kitais pecialistais.

This study aimed to describe the characteristics and lifestyle differences of spicy food consumption in 0.5 million adults. Participants were recruited from 2004 to 2008 in the baseline research of the CKB study. Higher frequency and stronger pungency degree in spicy food positively correlated with preference for salty taste, eating snacks/deep-fried foods, tea/alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking. Among weekly tea/alcohol drinkers and current regular smokers, participants with a higher frequency of spicy food consumption or preference for stronger pungency degree were more likely to prefer strong tea, drink alcohol exceed the healthy amount, drink alcohol in the morning every day, smoke ≥ 40 cigarettes per day, consume a larger amount of tea leaves, alcohol and cigarettes each day, and start habitual tea/alcohol drinking or smoking at an earlier age. Differences existed in lifestyle factors related to major chronic diseases according to spicy food consumption frequency and pungency degree among the Chinese population.

Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy and Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy are the two most common causes of corneal edema after cataract surgery. We report a 61-year-old alcoholic male with bilateral corneal edema that improved after his alcohol abstinence. He had uneventful bilateral cataract surgery 3 years ago and blurred vision in both eyes developed for weeks. As he had no history of endothelial dystrophy, the treatment for viral endotheliitis was used initially yet in vain. We asked him to stop alcohol and adjusted his psychiatric drugs, but he lied about stopping drinking. The corneal edema progressed, and finally, he underwent penetrating keratoplasty in his left eye 1 year later. During hospitalization for surgery, alcohol withdrawal syndrome was noted because he could not drink alcohol in our hospital. After he quit drinking for months, corneal edema in the right eye disappeared. Our case highlights that alcoholism can result in corneal edema, and stopping drinking is necessary in these patients.

Acute pancreatitis (AP), an acute inflammatory disorder of the exocrine pancreas, is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases encountered in emergency departments with no specific treatments. Laboratory-based research has formed the cornerstone of endeavours to decipher the pathophysiology of AP, because of the limitations of such study in human beings. While this has provided us with substantial understanding, we cannot answer several pressing questions. These are: (a) Why is it that only a minority of individuals with gallstones, or who drink alcohol excessively, or are exposed to other causative factors develop AP? (b) Why do only some develop more severe manifestations of AP with necrosis and/or organ failure? (c) Why have we been unable to find an effective therapeutic for AP? This manuscript provides a state-of-the-art review of our current understanding of the pathophysiology of AP providing insights into the unanswered clinical questions. We describe multiple protective factors operating in most people, and multiple stressors that in a minority induce AP, independently or together, via amplification loops. We present testable hypotheses aimed at halting progression of severity for the development of effective treatments for this common unpredictable disease.

College students are at a specific stage to experience more freedom in making personal choices about their health than earlier or later in life—some forms of risky such as alcohol consumption peak in this age group. Alcohol use is broadly reported among university students. To evaluate the pattern of alcohol consumption among dental undergraduate students and associated factors with alcohol consumption. This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional type of study comprising 100 dental college students in Chennai. A self-designed questionnaire contains 10 questions based on the knowledge, awareness on the harmful effects of alcohol among dental college students. Questionnaires were circulated through an online website survey planet. After the responses were received from 100 participants, data was collected and . 92% of students are not alcoholics. 90% of students are aware that alcoholism is injurious to health. 76% of students were aware that alcoholics get a risk of hepatic cancer if they drink alcohol. 60% of students consuming alcohol said they drink because of family problems,35% because of work-related stress and 5% because of peer pressure. The alcohol consumption rate is less among dental students and the majority of them are aware of the harmful effects of alcoholism. However, more intense awareness programs should be initiated to discontinue the use of alcohol.

Introduction A significant minority of Australians drink within the 2009 national guidelines. Despite encouragement of low-risk drinking as opposed to consumption patterns associated with greater harm, little is known about the drinking patterns of this group. This paper identifies subgroups of low-risk drinkers and their distinguishable characteristics. Methods Data were sourced from the 2016 National Drug Strategy Household Survey, specifically 8492 adults (18+) who consumed 1-730 Australian standard drinks (ASD; 10 g ethanol) in the past year, and never 5+ ASD on a single occasion. Cluster analysis enabled identification of subgroups from drinking variables. Drinking patterns, socio-demographic characteristics, drinking context and alcohol-related perceptions of subgroups were examined. Results Three subgroups were identified. Special occasion drinkers (64.6%) drank low to moderate amounts very infrequently. Regular moderates (19.6%) and Regular sippers (15.8%) drank 5-6 days a week on average, with the average number of ASD per day 1.2 and 0.5, respectively. Special occasion drinkers tended to be younger than members of more regular drinking subgroups. Perceptions of regular alcohol use also differed between Special occasion drinkers and members of the other subgroups. Discussion Alcohol consumption patterns among low-risk drinkers are not homogeneous. Younger drinkers who consume at low-risk levels are more likely to report infrequent consumption than moderate regular consumption. A better understanding of low-risk drinkers may help increase the prominence and acceptability of this type of drinking, challenge the normativity of heavier drinking norms and help target campaigns as new information emerges on health risks associated with low-level drinking.

Previous research has found that shorter men have significantly worse life outcomes than taller men. Using the 1979 version of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this paper uses maximum likelihood estimations to test whether these worse outcomes translate into shorter men drinking more heavily. Results show that, at ages 29–47, taller men are more likely to drink alcohol, but among drinkers, shorter men drink more often and are more likely to binge drink. Among women, there is no significant relationship between height and alcohol consumption. There are different relationships between height and male alcohol consumption according to education level. Among non-college-graduate men, those who were taller in adolescence are more likely to drink alcohol, but among drinkers, shorter men drink more often and are more likely to binge drink. Among college-graduate men, taller men are more likely to drink alcohol and, among drinkers, binge drink more often. Controlling for earnings, education, cognitive ability, and marital status (factors that previous research has found to be correlated with male height) explains some of the relationship between height and alcohol consumption among male non-college-graduates, but not much, and actually intensifies relationships between height and binge drinking among male college graduates. Controlling for late-adolescent drinking behavior does not explain relationships between height and heavier adult drinking, indicating that the relationship between male height and drinking behavior develops in adulthood.

Summary. This paper is focused on the awareness of public regarding prevention of colorectal carcinoma and education in this field. If we look at the lives of our ancestors, we can see that our lives are far more comfortable. Technologies that surround us in every step we take make our lives easier but our pace is faster and faster and that takes toll on our lifestyle – we have less exercise outdoors, bad eating habits, we smoke, drink alcohol, we use drugs and we do not sleep enough. All these factors create stress and strain. Unhealthy lifestyle has lead to overall deterioration of people’s health, cardiovascular diseases, mental disorders or increase of tumor diseases. In the Czech Republic, colorectal carcinoma holds the second position in the incidence of tumor diseases and Czech men have the highest incidence of colorectal carcinoma in the world. That is why it is so important to make prevention a part of our lives to try to avoid this serious disease.

Introduction A healthy lifestyle, including healthy eating, frequent physical activity, abstention from recreational substances, appropriate amounts of sleep and restricted amounts of television and computer time have a positive impact on the development and health of adolescents. The aim of the study was to assess selected aspects of adolescent lifestyle with a focus on rates of physical activity. Materials and methods The study material included a questionnaire completed by 304 secondary school students. The answers were analysed with respect to the physical activity of the respondents and then grouped accordingly: group 1 consisted of respondents with a low rate of physical activity, group 2 with a moderate rate of physical activity and group 3 with a high rate of physical activity. Differences in the the percentages of healthy behaviour the groups engaged in was assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA on ranks test. Post hoc, a 2-way test with Bonferroni correction was performed. A p value of Results The recommended number of 4–5 meals a day is consumed mostly by individuals from group 2 (52.94%) and to the least extent by those in group 1 (47.17%). The recommended daily consumption of fruit is mostly reported by respondents from group 3 (39.34%) and the least, by those from group 1 (26.42%). Subjects from group 2 are least likely to drink alcohol, which is harmful for one's health (26.47%); this group also includes the largest number of individuals who do not smoke cigarettes (69.12%). The most favorable behaviour with regards to sleep is displayed by subjects from group 3, in which 10.38% of participants slept for the recommended 8–10 h a day. Conclusions The majority of adolescents, regardless of the frequency of physical activity they undertook, had an unhealthy lifestyle. The most favourable lifestyle was led by subjects who performed physical activity between once a week and a few times a month.

The momentary processes that contribute to alcohol misuse among those with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are not well understood. Emotional responding (i.e., the intensity of an emotional response to a trauma-related stimulus) and emotion regulation (i.e., the ability to influence one's emotions), are two such crucial processes that may be important, in-the-moment determinants of drinking. This study investigated (a) associations among PTSD, emotional responding, and alcohol urge following exposure to a trauma cue, and (b) the conditional influence of emotion regulation abilities on these relationships. During an initial assessment session, 305 college students recruited from the community were classified based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Criterion A trauma exposure and PTSD symptom level: no trauma (NT), trauma exposure but no PTSD diagnosis (trauma only), or trauma exposure and PTSD (PTSD). During an experimental session, participants were presented with a personalized trauma cue. Emotional valence and arousal and urge to drink alcohol were reported before and after cue presentations. Emotional responding was indexed as postcue affective valence and arousal controlled for their respective baseline scores. Emotional responding to a trauma cue significantly mediated the relationship between any trauma exposure and urge to drink alcohol. Emotion regulation did not moderate this mediated pathway. Emotional responding increases momentary desires to use alcohol and may contribute to problematic drinking in those with trauma exposure. Findings may have important implications for intervention, as targeting emotional responding to trauma stimuli may help reduce alcohol risk. Future directions and limitations of the current work are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Introduction: About 90% of people consume alcohol at some point in their lives. Alcohol abuse occurs in 5-10% of these, while addiction develops in 10% of men and 3-5% of women. Alcohol consumption can induce depression or contribute to its severity. Objective: The study aimed to examine the existence of statistically significant associations between patterns of drinking alcohol, duration of alcohol use, and sociodemographic factors with depression present in persons consuming alcohol. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study included 100 individuals, 25.0% women and 75.0% men, with an average of 53.0 ± 1.5 years consuming alcohol over a period of eight months, from 01.10.2018. to 01.06.2019. at the Krupa Health Center on the Una. In addition to the additional tests, they also used the Audit of Identity Disorders Identification Disorders (AUDIT) test and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: Participants with harmful alcohol drinking had a statistically significant presence of depression compared to subjects with other alcohol drinking patterns (p

Background: There are various health problems in rotating shift workers. There have been few studies on the associations of male climacteric symptoms with duration of working and lifestyle. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the differences in male climacteric symptoms depending on the number of working years and to determine whether lifestyle habits differ depending on the number of working years in rotating shift workers. Methods: We collected participant’s data from the manufacturing companies in Japan during the period from March to May in 2017. We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey in 1561 male rotating night shift workers. Male climacteric symptoms were evaluated by using the Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) rating scale. We analyzed 636 rotating shift workers aged over 40 years old whose all AMS data was collected. Results: A significant difference in psychological AMS score was found between men who had worked for 10 - 19 years (9.4 ± 3.9) and men who had worked for more than 40 years (7.6 ± 3.0) (p = 0.011). Sexual functional AMS score significantly differed depending on the number of working years (less than 10 years: 8.1 ± 3.9, 10 - 19 years: 9.8 ± 4.1, 20 - 29 years: 7.9 ± 3.3, 30 - 39 years: 9.3 ± 3.5, more than 40 years: 9.3 ± 3.5) (p < 0.001). The proportion of workers with a balanced meal intake was significantly lower in men who had worked for less than 10 years and the proportions of such workers were significantly higher in men who had worked for 10 - 19 years and for more than 40 years. The proportions of men who did not drink alcohol were high in men who had worked for less than 10 years and 20 - 29 years and low in men who had worked more than 30 years. Conclusion: Psychological AMS score and sexual functional AMS score are significantly different among the 5 groups according to the number of working years on rotating shift. In addition, well-balanced diet on day shift and reduction of alcohol drinking is a related-factor for long-term rotating night shift workers.

A shift is underway in the licensed trade from drink-led to food-led establishments. The current literature emphasises two underpinning reasons: (i) the need for pubs, bars and craft venues to diversify their income streams in an increasingly competitive sector, and (ii) changes in consumer demand and preferences for the availability of food, especially in ‘craft’ establishments. This chapter argues that a third reason has been neglected: the long-standing regulatory pressure for establishments to provide food alongside alcohol. Drawing on archival research and local authority licensing data, this chapter argues that the shift to food-led provision in licensed establishments must be understood as part of an enduring regulatory concern to foster a more ‘civilised’ drinking culture – namely, a seated, cafe-style, ‘more European’ approach to consumption – in which patrons drink alcohol alongside food.

Poor diet quality is strongly associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. This scientific statement emphasizes the importance of dietary patterns beyond individual foods or nutrients, underscores the critical role of nutrition early in life, presents elements of heart-healthy dietary patterns, and highlights structural challenges that impede adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns. Evidence-based dietary pattern guidance to promote cardiometabolic health includes the following: (1) adjust energy intake and expenditure to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight; (2) eat plenty and a variety of fruits and vegetables; (3) choose whole grain foods and products; (4) choose healthy sources of protein (mostly plants; regular intake of fish and seafood; low-fat or fat-free dairy products; and if meat or poultry is desired, choose lean cuts and unprocessed forms); (5) use liquid plant oils rather than tropical oils and partially hydrogenated fats; (6) choose minimally processed foods instead of ultra-processed foods; (7) minimize the intake of beverages and foods with added sugars; (8) choose and prepare foods with little or no salt; (9) if you do not drink alcohol, do not start; if you choose to drink alcohol, limit intake; and (10) adhere to this guidance regardless of where food is prepared or consumed. Challenges that impede adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns include targeted marketing of unhealthy foods, neighborhood segregation, food and nutrition insecurity, and structural racism. Creating an environment that facilitates, rather than impedes, adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns among all individuals is a public health imperative.

Background To provide a preliminary test of the prediction that fewer former heavy drinkers will identify themselves as being in recovery in the UK versus the USA. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was completed by a convenience sample of former heavy drinkers. This sample was identified from participants recruited to complete a questionnaire about alcohol consumption. The recruitment advertisement specified that the participants did not need to drink alcohol. The survey included items assessing self-reported current and past levels of alcohol consumption, alcohol dependence at time of heaviest alcohol consumption (ICD-10 criteria), and questions regarding identifying as currently or ever being in recovery taken from a survey by Kelly et al. (2018). Results Out of 5002 participants who completed the questionnaire, 150 were identified as former heavy drinkers from the UK or the USA. The proportion of participants reporting alcohol dependence, and the proportion of participants reporting past year abstinence, did not differ significantly between the UK and the USA (p = .841 and 0.300 respectively). Compared to participants from the UK, participants in the USA were more likely to report that they had a problem with drinking but now no longer do (24.1 % vs. 56.0 %; p p = .003) or ever identified (7.4 % vs. 30.2 %; p = .001) as being in recovery. Conclusions Identifying as being in recovery appears more common in the USA than the UK among former heavy drinkers. This apparent difference in prevalence may reflect historic differences in treatment services offered in these countries, particularly with respect to the predominance of a 12-step approach in the USA. These findings should be replicated in a representative sample.

Objective: The aim was to investigate the relationships among extreme sports participation, sensation seeking, and negative risky behaviors (smoking, drinking alcohol, and gambling) for middle-school students.Methods: Using a convenience sampling procedure, all students from a middle school in a district of Chongqing were selected to participate in the survey, which included questions on their extreme sports participation rate, and smoking, drinking alcohol, and gambling behavior.Results: A sample of 2,987 middle-school students participated in this study. The results showed that the proportions of students participating in extreme sports, smoking, drinking alcohol, and gambling were 19.9, 4.8, 18.4, and 3.0%, respectively. There were significant differences between different genders, schools, place of residence, smoking, drinking, gambling, and sensation seeking of the participation rate of students of extreme sports, the rate of boys, junior middle-school students, urban students, smokers, alcohol drinkers, gamblers, and high-sensation-seeking students were relatively higher than that of girls, senior middle-school students, rural students, no-smokers, no-alcohol drinkers, no-gamblers, and low-sensation-seeking students. Alcohol drinking, gambling, and sensation seeking were associated with extreme sports participation, and the students who drank alcohol, who gambled, and who were high sensation seeking were more likely to participate in extreme sports than those who did not drink alcohol, who did not gamble, and who were low sensation seeking.Conclusion: Middle schools should integrate extreme sports education into physical education and risky-behavior education, strengthen relevant knowledge and safety training, and guide students to meet their sensation-seeking needs through participation in extreme sports instead of risky behaviors.

Aim: This research aimed to assess the perception of the health locus of control in nursing and technical sciences students. Methods: The study conducted at one state university in 2014 and consisted of 413 (192 nursing, 222 technical sciences) students. Data were obtained with the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, and a survey about the socio-demographic and some of the health behaviors of students and evaluated with percentage, frequency, median, standard deviation, ANOVA, t and Tukey tests. Results: The school type of students were observed to affect their health locus of control perceptions. Students who exercised regularly had more internal control, whereas students who do not drink alcohol were more deterministic in terms of their health. Conclusion: Students should be encouraged to improve a sense of responsibility in health and disease, and enhance internal health locus of control. Keywords: Health Locus of Control; University Student; Health OZ Hemsirelik ve Teknik Bilimler Ogrencilerinin Saglik Kontrol Odagi Algilarinin Degerlendirilmesi Amac: Bu arastirma hemsirelik ve teknik bilimler ogrencilerinin saglik kontrol odagi algilarinin degerlendirilmesi amaciyla planlandi. Yontem: Bu arastirmanin orneklemeni, 2014 yilinda bir devlet universitesinde egitim goren 413 ogrenci (192 hemsirelik, 222 teknik bilimler ogrencisi). Veriler Cok Boyutlu Saglik Kontrol Odagi Olcegi ve literatur dogrultusunda hazirlanan, katilimcilarin sosyo-demografik ozellikleri ile, bazi saglikli yasam bicimi davranislarini sorgulayan anket formu ile toplandi. Elde edilen veriler yuzde, siklik, ortalama, standart sapma, ANOVA, t testi ve Tukey testi kullanilarak degerlendirildi. Bulgular: Egitim gorulen okul turu, kisilerin saglik kontrol odagi algilari uzerinde etkilidir. Duzenli olarak egzersiz yapan ogrenciler sagliklari ile ilgili daha guclu icsel kontrole sahipken, alkol kullanmayan ogrencilerin ise sagliklariyla iliskili daha kaderci bir tutum sergiledikleri belirlendi. Sonuc: Ogrenciler kendi sagliklariyla ilgili olarak sorumluluk alma konusunda cesaretlendirilmeli, ogrencilerin icsel saglik kontrol odagi algilari gelistirilmelidir Anahtar Kelimeler: Saglik Kontrol Odagi; Universite Ogrencisi; Saglik

Introduction: Knowing the prevalence and the factors associated with alcohol abuse among students can be an important step in initiating preventive measures. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of alcohol consumption and its related factors in students of higher education centers in one of the northeastern cities of Iran in 2017. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 668 students from 7 higher education centers. The samples were selected by stratified random sampling. The valid researcher-made questionnaires were issued to the subjects, and were collected immediately after being filled out. The obtained data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Ninety-two (13.77%) students had history of alcohol consumption, with 55.6% continued to drink alcohol. The mean age of the consumers was 23.92 years, of whom 77.41% were male, 75% were single, 55.43% were non-indigenous, and 74.46% had history of smoking. 81.52% of the subjects were undergraduates, while 36.95% studied mathematics and engineering. There was a significant relationship between alcohol consumption and age, gender, GPA, being non-indigenous, personal residence, smoking, history of alcohol consumption in family and friends, satisfaction with academic major and city in which they study (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings showed that alcohol consumption was relatively high in students of higher education centers and many variables (ten out of fifteen studied variables) were involved in this process. Therefore, careful planning and serious measures are needed to prevent this problem.

Introduction This study investigates the influence of age at first use of alcohol on current alcohol use and associated behaviours in a large sample of Canadian youth. Methods This descriptive-analytical study was conducted among Ontario Grade 12 students enrolled in the COMPASS Host Study between 2012 and 2017. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) modelling to determine associations between age at first alcohol use and likelihood of current versus non-current alcohol use, binge drinking and mixing of alcohol with energy drinks among respondents. Results Students reporting an age at first alcohol use between ages 13 and 14 years were more likely to report current alcohol use versus non-current use (OR = 2.80, 95% CI: 2.26–3.45) and current binge drinking versus non-current binge drinking (OR = 3.22, 95% CI: 2.45–4.25) compared to students reporting first alcohol use at age 18 years or older. Students who started drinking at 8 years of age or younger were more likely to report current versus non-current alcohol use (OR = 3.54, 95% CI: 2.83–4.43), binge drinking (OR = 3.99, 95% CI: 2.97–5.37), and mixing of alcohol with energy drinks (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.23–4.14), compared to students who started drinking at 18 years or older. Conclusion Starting to drink alcohol in the early teen years predicted current alcohol use, current binge drinking and mixing of alcohol with energy drinks when students were in Grade 12. Findings indicate a need for development of novel alcohol prevention efforts.

Background Centenarians represent an intriguing model for healthy aging. They appear to have adapted well to their lives and are likely to be influenced by previous lifestyle habits, and their life satisfaction is influenced by mental and psychological health. Objective The aim of this study is to explore centenarians’ lifestyles by sex and their potential contribution to life satisfaction. Method In order to examine the common characteristics of centenarians in Hainan and the potential differences between men and women, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with 223 cognitively-intact Chinese centenarians. We also explored the association between life satisfaction and other physical factors using binary logistic regression and principal component analysis. Results The results provided supplementary evidence indicating that women tended to live longer than men. However, the difference in life satisfaction observed between the sexes was not obvious (p = 0.659). The proportion of physical factors between each sex showed a similar trend in distribution. Most centenarians’ lifestyles were similar, in that they followed a light diet and did not smoke or drink alcohol. Centenarians in better physical condition and with higher self-assessment, as well as those with “alcohol and tobacco habits,” were more satisfied with their life. Of the factors examined in the binary logistic regression, sleep satisfaction was the only factor significantly positively correlated with life satisfaction (p Conclusion The research findings elucidated physiological and psychological health in centenarians and provided a model of healthy aging strategies for reference purposes.

Research literature on alcohol and work mainly focuses on the negative consequences for the workplace and colleagues. Nevertheless, drinking alcohol after work is a common activity among co-workers...

Internationally, there has been a significant increase in the numbers of young people choosing not to drink alcohol. This is counter to the weight of opinion that positions young people as irrespon...

Background Gas station attendants are at high risk of poisoning due to continuous exposure to fuel fumes. Benzene, present in gasoline, is considered a carcinogen and harmful to the health of gas station attendants. Objective To investigate genotoxic effects on exfoliated oral mucosa cells in association with occupational exposure among gas station attendants in Santarem, Para, Brazil, and to establish the rate of adherence to personal protective equipment (PPE). Methods The results of the micronucleus test performed with oral mucosa cells stained by means of the Feulgen and Fast Green methods were compared between 126 exposed gas station attendants distributed across six groups and controls. Results The frequency of micronuclei was higher among gas station attendants compared to the group not exposed to benzene (p

Cel pracyOcena występowania oraz współwystępowania depresji i nadużywania substancji psychoaktywnych wśród sopockiej młodzieży.MetodaW roku 2006 i 2007 w ramach programu SOPKARD-Junior badaniem psychologicznym objęto 316 gimnazjalistów. Zastosowano Skalę Depresji Becka, Krakowski Inwentarz Depresyjny oraz własny kwestionariusz oceniający częstość przyjmowania używek. U młodzieży z objawami depresyjnymi w badaniach kwestionariuszowych wykonano badanie psychiatryczne. Program SOPKARD-Junior jest wielospecjalistycznym badaniem epidemiologicznym kompleksowo oceniającym stan zdrowia w populacji uczniów drugich klas sopockich gimnazjów.WynikiObjawy depresyjne stwierdzono u 29,4% badanych (37,4% dziewcząt (Dz) i 20,9% chłopców (Chł) (pWnioski1. Wśród młodzieży stwierdzono znaczne rozpowszechnienie objawów depresyjnych – co trzecia dziewczynka i co piąty chłopiec ma depresyjny przebieg dorastania. W badaniu lekarskim rozpoznanie epizodu depresji potwierdzono u 4% młodzieży – u dziewczynek dwukrotnie częściej niż u chłopców. 2. Co piąty badany pali papierosy. Dziewczynki istotnie częściej niż chłopcy palą papierosy i piją alkohol. 3. Obecność objawów depresyjnych u młodzieży prawie dwukrotnie zwiększa ryzyko używania tytoniu i alkoholu.

The purpose of this study was to understand the trajectories of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide plans (SP) in the 90 days prior to inpatient hospitalization, understand the role of NSSI and SP in predicting suicide attempts (SA) on a given day, and to test the interaction between NSSI and SP in predicting same-day SA. Participants included 69 adolescents (77% female, 65% white, 77% Non-Hispanic/Latinx, M(age) = 15.77 SD(age) = 1.00) from an inpatient psychiatric unit. Past 90 day NSSI, SP, and SA were measured using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale and Timeline Follow Back. First, mixed effect models were conducted to assess trajectories of NSSI and SP leading up to inpatient hospitalization. The odds of NSSI remained relatively stable prior to hospitalization (OR = 1.01, 95% CI [1.00,1.02]). The odds of SP increased in the 90 days prior to hospitalization (OR = 1.04, 95% CI [1.02,1.05]) with each day associated with a 4% increase in the odds of making a SP. Second, random effect models were conducted to predict the odds of same-day SA from NSSI and SP. When adolescents endorsed either NSSI (OR = 2.99, p < .001) or a SP (OR = 77.13, p < .001) there was elevated odds of same-day SA. However, the presence of both NSSI and SP on a given day did not increase risk of SA on that same day. For this high-risk clinical sample of suicidal adolescents who drink alcohol, odds of SP increased in the days leading up to psychiatric hospitalization, but NSSI remained stable. On days when adolescents reported NSSI or SP, they had an increased odds of same-day SA. These results underscore the importance of frequent monitoring of NSSI and SP among high-risk adolescents who drink alcohol to prevent suicide attempts.

Using intergenerational, prospective data at ages 9 months, 7, 11, and 14 years from the nationally representative United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study, this interdisciplinary study unpacks why 14-year-old adolescents with early perceived pubertal timing (PT) were more likely to drink alcohol (ever, frequent, and binge drinking) compared to those whose PT was on-time or late (5,757 girls, 5,799 boys; 80% White, 10% Asian, 3% Black, and 7% Other British). Parents allowed drinking among 22% (18%) of early PT girls (boys) compared to 11% of late PT adolescents; formal mediation models showed differences by PT in parent permissiveness and gains in alcohol-using friends primarily explained age 14 PT-drinking associations. Parental alcohol permissiveness should be a key prevention target for early PT adolescents.

Purpose COVID-19 stay-at-home orders during Spring 2020 dramatically changed daily life and created significant challenges for families. We document levels and predictors of U.S. parents who newly allowed adolescents to drink alcohol at home during the shutdown. Methods Participants in an ongoing longitudinal study were two adolescent siblings (N = 911, M = 14.43, SD = 1.54 years) and one parent (N = 456; 85% mothers) who provided self-report data before the pandemic (T1) and during the shutdown. Results No parents permitted adolescent drinking with family at T1; nearly one in six allowed it during the shutdown. In full models, adolescents who previously drank (without permission) and had light or heavy drinking parents were more likely to be newly permitted to drink. Conclusions Parents’ alcohol permissibility within family contexts changed during the pandemic and was shaped by both parent and adolescent drinking. Well-child visits should continue adolescent alcohol screening and parent support during and after the pandemic.

This chapter provides an introduction to the Handbook, setting the scene for the subsequent chapters by covering several key topics in psychological research on alcohol consumption, such as why do people drink alcohol, how drinking patterns are defined (e.g., heavy episodic drinking, low-risk drinking), and how do governments and health agencies encourage performance of low-risk drinking. The chapter goes on to discuss issues of definition and measurement of alcohol consumption in psychological research studies, beginning with a focus on limitations with self-report measures used in most studies, before a brief discussion of alternative (biological measures, observation) methods to measure consumption. The chapter ends by introducing the five sections that comprise the book.

Cannabis is commonly used among people who drink alcohol, but findings are mixed regarding the direction of this relationship. The type of cannabis used [high-cannabidiol (CBD) vs. high-delta-9tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)] and motives for use (i.e., whether cannabis is used to treat a medical condition) may influence the relationship between cannabis and drinking. Specifically, CBD has shown preclinical promise in reducing alcohol consumption, and medical cannabis users report using cannabis to reduce drinking. This study leverages survey data from cannabis users who drink alcohol (N = 533). Respondents were categorized as using cannabis to treat (CTT) a medical condition or as individuals whose cannabis use is not intended to treat (NCTT) a medical condition and grouped based on the THC/CBD ratio of the flower or edible cannabis they typically use (e.g., “High-THC/CBD,” “Medium-THC/CBD” and “Low-THC/CBD”). The CTT group (n = 412) reported drinking significantly less frequently than the NCTT group (n = 121). Cannabinoid content of flower cannabis was associated with alcohol consumed on cannabis-use days, such that individuals in the High-THC/CBD group drink more on cannabis-use days compared to the Medium-THC/CBD group. Cannabinoid content of edible cannabis was associated with drinks per drinking occasion, such that the High-THC/CBD group consumed the most drinks and the Low-THC/CBD group consumed the fewest. For both edible and flower groupings, higher-THC/CBD cannabis was associated with more frequent co-use than lower-THC/CBD cannabis. Results suggest that whether someone uses cannabis to treat a medical condition may impact their drinking frequency, and the cannabinoid content in flower and edible cannabis impacts alcohol consumption.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o nível de atividade física em mulheres idosas e seus fatores associados. Trata-se de um estudo observacional-descritivo, quantitativo de corte transversal. Foram avaliadas 110 idosas cadastradas nos cursos de línguas pela Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade (UNATI) inserida na Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), no município do Recife-PE. Foram analisado o nível de atividade física, a função e satisfação sexual, a imagem corporal, condições sociodemográficas e clínicas. Verificou-se que 82,7% das idosas foram consideradas ativas, a maioria em atividades domésticas, enquanto as atividades físicas no trabalho foram a com pior nível (90% das idosas eram inativas). A maioria das mulheres idosas que tinham um bom nível de atividade física (AF), não ingeriam bebidas alcoólicas e não fumavam, ocorrendo relação entre as variáveis AF, uso de álcool e do cigarro. Concluiu-se que a ausência do uso de substâncias psicoativas no estilo de vida dessas idosas acarretou em um bom nível de atividade física.

Aim We sought to elucidate whether stress, peers, and in vivo (i.e., direct) alcohol cues elicit alcohol craving in daily life among adolescents and to test whether individual variation in working memory function and biological sex alters these associations. Methods We leveraged ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine momentary associations between stress, peers, and direct alcohol cues with craving, assessed as “urge to drink alcohol,” among 86 male (51.2 %) and female (48.8 %) frequent drinkers (i.e., two or more drinking days per week). Participants were ages 14–24 years (M = 20.7 years, SD = 2.1). Participants completed EMA throughout the day for about one week prior to randomization to a treatment condition for an AUD clinical trial. Pre-registered, secondary analyses focused on craving for assessments when adolescents were not drinking, and assessments occurring after drinking on drinking days were removed. Working memory performance was assessed in the laboratory via the Memory for Words subtest of the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities. Results Craving was heightened at more stressful moments and when adolescents were with their peers and in the presence of direct alcohol cues. Working memory function was not related to craving but altered the relation of momentary stress, peers, and cues with craving once biological sex-related differences were considered. Females generally had lower craving than males, but working memory function served to buffer against stress-induced craving for males. Conclusions Higher working memory function buffered the in-the-moment relation of stress with alcohol craving for males but not females.

Background In Thailand, alcohol is consumed in social setting. The Thai government introduced a ban on alcohol sales and other measures at the beginning of COVID-19 lockdown with gradual lifts. However, drinking behaviors, behaviors of community members, and alcohol marketing activities during the ban and lifts have not been described. Methods We contracted a survey research firm to conduct four phone-based cross-sectional surveys between April and July 2020 (n = 6239 participants in total). Participants were recruited from all regions and Bangkok. We also summarized alcohol control measures as reported by multiple sources. We analyzed data from Waves 1 thru 4 using descriptive statistics with adjustment for sampling weight. Results A total of 6239 persons participated in the 4 waves of surveys. Among survey respondents who were drinkers, half did not drink alcohol during the alcohol sale ban while one-third reported drinking less than usual in the past 30 days. Almost no participant reported drinking more than usual. During the ban (Wave 1), one-sixth of respondents noticed social drinking in their areas while less than 6 percent reported witnessing alcohol sale. Online parties were the predominant alcohol marketing activity, but became less common during Wave 3 compared to Wave 2. Discussion and conclusions Ever drinkers either abstained from alcohol or drank less than usual during the ban on alcohol sale. However, social drinking and alcohol sale persisted despite the ban.

Before 1923, a teenager could go into a pub at the age of 14 to buy and drink beer; aged 16, he or she could also buy spirits. The Intoxicating Liquor (Sale to Persons Under Eighteen) Act 1923 introduced the principle that people should be aged 18 to drink alcohol in bars, a situation which still exists today. The Act was the first successful private members’ bill from a woman MP, Nancy Astor. Although well-known as a temperance advocate, Astor’s role in this Bill is frequently underplayed, with her husband Waldorf often credited at her expense, and the significance of Parliamentary process not well understood. This paper will examine the background to Astor’s Bill, which emerged from ongoing wartime liquor restrictions, a changing discourse over alcohol and public health after the First World War, and a petition signed by 116,000 teachers. It will analyse the Parliamentary passage of the Bill in the face of die-hard opposition from many of Astor’s fellow Conservative MPs. Although amendments made in committee reduced the impact, this should not detract from Astor’s considerable success in the House of Commons. Astor’s Bill should be better recognised for its long-lasting impact on British society, as a success for temperance campaigners, and as one of the great achievements of Astor’s Parliamentary career. Astor’s Bill was also opposed by Edwin Scrymgeour, Britain’s only Prohibitionist MP, and the paper will consider how his extreme version of alcohol control assisted Astor’s more moderate approach.

Background Smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a major public health concern. The aims of this study were: 1) to examine smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy and to investigate their association with maternal attitudes and socio-demographic characteristics; 2) to explore maternal attitudes regarding smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy among pregnant and postpartum women in Israel. Methods This mixed methods study is comprised of a self-reported questionnaire for measuring attitudes and behaviors regarding smoking and alcohol consumption among 676 Jewish women, up to 9 months postpartum; and semi-structured interviews with 17 women who smoked cigarettes and/or consumed alcohol during their pregnancy. Results Sixty-four women (9.6%) reported drinking alcohol during pregnancy, and 30 (4.8%) reported smoking. Women with a fewer children (OR 2.25; 99% CI: 1.30, 3.92) and those whose attitudes supported alcohol avoidance (OR 0.52; 99.9% CI: 0.36, 0.74) consumed less alcohol while pregnant. Educated women (OR 0.31; 99% CI: 0.14- 0.71) and women with anti-smoking attitudes (OR 0.50; 99% CI: 0.30, 0.82) were more likely to avoid smoking during pregnancy. Qualitative analyses reveals three major themes: 1) 'A good enough mom': The mothers presented risk-management practices in line with the conflict between their perception of ideal motherhood and that of being an independent person; 2) 'Social acceptance of smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy': Social attitudes of spouses, family and friends; 3) 'Lack of reliable information' from healthcare professionals. Conclusions Women's attitudes have a significant impact on their decision to drink alcohol and/or smoke during pregnancy. These attitudes may be a result of their risk management practices and the social acceptance of risk behaviors during pregnancy, and information provided (or not) by healthcare professionals. Key messages The results highlight the importance of creating a supportive environment and shaping health promoting attitudes among pregnant women. Reliable information given by healthcare professionals regarding risk behaviors during pregnancy is needed.

A 72-year-old right-handed man was referred to the cognitive neurology clinic after being involuntarily committed to an inpatient psychiatry unit for 2 years. He was unable to give a coherent history, which was obtained from his wife. His birth and early development were unremarkable. He had previously held a number of jobs including working in the merchant navy for 2 years. He was unemployed before admission. He did not drink alcohol excessively and was a heavy smoker. He was fit and medically well until 5 years before the assessment, when he developed progressive balance and behavioral problems. This included an ataxic gait requiring intermittent wheelchair use, slurred speech, and poor memory. He had become increasingly irritable and aggressive with paranoid ideas of spousal infidelity.

Background The proportion of Australians who choose not to drink alcohol has increased in recent years; yet, non-drinkers report experiences of stigma and judgement from peers for this choice. This study aimed to explore the attitudes that exist towards non-drinkers and examine what drives this stigma. Method Thematic analysis of four focus groups was undertaken, comprising 37 drinking and non-drinking Australian adults. Results Three themes were identified that elucidate the stigma, with non-drinkers being perceived as a: (1) threat to fun, a judgemental ‘sober eye’ disrupting the desired hedonistic environment created by alcohol, (2) threat to connection, described as difficult to initiate and maintain a social connection with and (3) threat to self, with the presence of a non-drinker described by drinkers as encouraging an unwanted reflection on the problematic aspects of their own drinking. Participant responses also suggested that the gender of the non-drinker influenced these perceptions. Conclusion Through the lens of Integrated Threat Theory, this study proposes that the stigma experienced by non-drinkers may be understood as a response to threats non-drinkers are perceived to pose to drinkers’ group values (e.g. hedonism) and self-esteem. This study offers new direction for health promotion efforts to challenge negative perceptions of non-drinkers.

Alcohol and cannabis couse is highly prevalent and associated with various negative consequences. The likelihood of same day couse is high, especially among men, however, underlying mechanisms to their couse and its sex-dependent nature remain poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the effects of controlled alcohol administration on the urge to use cannabis and considers sex-dependent effects. A community sample of non-treatment-seeking heavy drinkers (N = 37, 46% female) reporting cannabis use in the past 6 months completed an alcohol administration paradigm. Participants rated their urge to use cannabis and drink alcohol at baseline and at rising levels of breath alcohol concentration (BrAC). Mixed model analyses examined the effects of BrAC, sex, and their interaction on craving for cannabis. The relationships across urge for cannabis, urge for alcohol, and subjective responses to alcohol were also tested. There was a significant BrAC × Sex interaction on the urge to use cannabis, such that males reported increases in the urge to use cannabis at rising BrACs but females did not. Urge for alcohol significantly predicted urge for cannabis across rising levels of BrAC and this relationship was stronger in males than in females. Lastly, stimulation, but not sedation, during alcohol administration was positively associated with the urge for cannabis. Overall, these results suggest that the pharmacological effects of alcohol on the urge to use cannabis are sex-dependent and that the stimulant effects of alcohol are associated with a higher urge for cannabis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar o nível de atividade física e os comportamentos de risco à saúde de acadêmicos do curso de Educação Física de uma universidade pública do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, a partir de um estudo descritivo exploratório de caráter quantitativo. Para avaliar o nível de atividade física foi utilizado o questionário International IPAQ e para os comportamentos de risco à saúde o questionário Global School-basedStudent Health Survey. Constatou-se que 75% dos acadêmicos realizam atividades físicas benéficas à saúde com intensidade e duração. Entre as variáveis, verificou-se associação significativa entre o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e consumo de tabaco (p=0,009), entre autopercepção de saúde e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas (p=0,019) e consumo de tabagismo (p=0,025), uma tendência linear positiva entre o uso de drogas ilícitas e o semestre cursado (p=0,048) e, uma tendência linear negativa entre o semestre cursado e o consumo de frutas/legumes (p=0,043). Concluiu-se que a maioria dos pesquisados realizam atividades físicas habitualmente, porém mantém uma alimentação inadequada, ingerem bebidas alcoólicas, fazem uso do tabaco e, um pequeno percentual, utiliza drogas ilícitas com frequência. Apesar de terem comportamento de risco à saúde, os mesmos possuem consciência dos malefícios dessas condutas.

Lockdown due to the COVID‐19 pandemic doesn't necessarily result in an across‐the‐board increase in alcohol consumption, according to research commissioned by Alcohol Change UK and released last month. The study found that 21% of adults who drink alcohol are drinking more often since the March 23 lockdown began in England, but that 35% reduced their frequency of consumption or stopped drinking altogether. Of those surveyed, 6% of previous drinkers chose to stop drinking altogether during lockdown. The study, a representative survey of more than 2,000 people, extrapolates to 8.6 million adults in the United Kingdom drinking more frequently since lockdown, while 14 million are drinking less often or have stopped drinking entirely. In addition, many people are seeking help based on visits to the “Get help now” section of Alcohol Change UK's website increasing 355% between March 23 and April 13, compared to the same period last year.