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1. Gathering users and developers to shape together the next-generation ocean reanalyses: Ocean reanalyses workshop of the European Copernicus Marine Service

Author

Yang, Chunxue, primary, Bourdallé-Badie, Romain, additional, Drevillon, Marie, additional, Amaya, Dillon, additional, Aouf, Lotfi, additional, Aydogdu, Ali, additional, Barton, Benjamin, additional, Bell, Mike, additional, Boyer, Tim, additional, Blauw, Anouk, additional, Carton, James, additional, Candela, Tony, additional, Cossarini, Gianpiero, additional, Dabrowski, Tomasz, additional, de Boisseson, Eric, additional, de Mora, Lee, additional, Fablet, Ronan, additional, Forget, Gaël, additional, Fujii, Yosuke, additional, Garric, Gilles, additional, Giunta, Valentina, additional, Salamon, Peter, additional, Hersbach, Hans, additional, Juza, Mélanie, additional, Sommer, Julien Le, additional, Martin, Matthew, additional, McAdam, Ronan, additional, Garcia, Melisa Menendez, additional, Morim, Joao, additional, Nicolì, Dario, additional, Reppucci, Antonio, additional, Samuelsen, Annette, additional, Sauzède, Raphaëlle, additional, Slivinski, Laura, additional, Specq, Damien, additional, Storto, Andrea, additional, Tuomi, Laura, additional, Vandenbulcke, Luc, additional, Aznar, Roland, additional, Beuvier, Jonathan, additional, Cipollone, Andrea, additional, Clementi, Emanuela, additional, Di Biagio, Valeria, additional, Escudier, Romain, additional, Giesen, Rianne, additional, Greiner, Eric, additional, Guihou, Karen, additional, Korabel, Vasily, additional, Lamouroux, Julien, additional, Chune, Stephane Law, additional, Lellouche, Jean- Michel, additional, Levier, Bruno, additional, Lima, Leonardo, additional, Mangin, Antoine, additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, Melet, Angelique, additional, Miraglio, Pietro, additional, Oikonomou, Charikleia, additional, Pfeffer, Julia, additional, Renshaw, Richard, additional, Ringgaard, Ida, additional, Thual, Sulian, additional, Titaud, Olivier, additional, Tonani, Marina, additional, van Gennip, Simon, additional, von Schuckmann, Karina, additional, Drillet, Yann, additional, and Traon, Pierre-Yves Le, additional

Published
2024
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5. The Copernicus Global 1/12° Oceanic and Sea Ice GLORYS12 Reanalysis

Author

Lellouche Jean-Michel, Greiner Eric, Bourdallé-Badie Romain, Garric Gilles, Melet Angélique, Drévillon Marie, Bricaud Clément, Hamon Mathieu, Le Galloudec Olivier, Regnier Charly, Candela Tony, Testut Charles-Emmanuel, Gasparin Florent, Ruggiero Giovanni, Benkiran Mounir, Drillet Yann, and Le Traon Pierre-Yves

Subjects
ocean and sea ice reanalysis, data assimilation, high-resolution model, ocean variability, operational oceanography, Copernicus marine service, Science
Abstract

GLORYS12 is a global eddy-resolving physical ocean and sea ice reanalysis at 1/12° horizontal resolution covering the 1993-present altimetry period, designed and implemented in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). The model component is the NEMO platform driven at the surface by atmospheric conditions from the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis. Ocean observations are assimilated by means of a reduced-order Kalman filter. Along track altimeter sea level anomaly, satellite sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration, as well as in situ temperature and salinity vertical profiles are jointly assimilated. A 3D-VAR scheme provides an additional correction for the slowly-evolving large-scale biases in temperature and salinity. The performance of the reanalysis shows a clear dependency on the time-dependent in situ observation system. The general assessment of GLORYS12 highlights a level of performance at the state-of-the-art and the capacity of the system to capture the main expected climatic interannual variability signals for ocean and sea ice, the general circulation and the inter-basins exchanges. In terms of trends, GLORYS12 shows a higher than observed warming trend together with a slightly lower than observed global mean sea level rise. Comparisons made with an experiment carried out on the same platform without assimilation show the benefit of data assimilation in controlling water mass properties and sea ice cover and their low frequency variability. Moreover, GLORYS12 represents particularly well the small-scale variability of surface dynamics and compares well with independent (non-assimilated) data. Comparisons made with a twin experiment carried out at 1/4° resolution allows characterizing and quantifying the strengthened contribution of the 1/12° resolution onto the downscaled dynamics. GLORYS12 provides a reliable physical ocean state for climate variability and supports applications such as seasonal forecasts. In addition, this reanalysis has strong assets to serve regional applications and provide relevant physical conditions for applications such as marine biogeochemistry. In the near future, GLORYS12 will be maintained to be as close as possible to real time and could therefore provide relevant and continuous reference past ocean states for many operational applications.

Published
2021
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7. Impact of two high resolution altimetry mission concepts for ocean forecasting.

Author

Benkiran, Mounir, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, Rémy, Elisabeth, and Drillet, Yann

Subjects
LONG-Term Evolution (Telecommunications), ALTIMETRY, OCEAN surface topography, OCEAN dynamics, FORECASTING, ALTIMETERS
Abstract

Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) with the Mercator Ocean/Copernicus Marine global 1/12° data assimilation system has been carried out to compare and quantify the expected performance of two high resolution altimetry mission concepts envisioned for the long-term evolution (post-2032) of the Copernicus Sentinel-3 topography mission. The two mission concepts are a constellation of two wide-swath altimeters and a constellation of 12 nadir altimeters. These two configurations greatly improve ocean forecasting and monitoring capabilities. Compared to a constellation of three nadir altimeters (the present configuration), analysis and forecast errors are reduced by a factor of 2. Our results also show that a constellation of two wide-swath altimeters has better performance than a constellation of 12 nadirs. Compared to a constellation of 12 nadirs, the error of the Sea Surface Height (SSH) forecast of a two wide swath constellation will be reduced by 14% overall. Improvements are also observed when analyzing surface currents and Lagrangian diagnostics. A constellation of two wide-swath altimeters thus seems to be a very promising concept for the long-term evolution of the Sentinel-3 topography mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Evaluation of operational ocean forecasting systems from the perspective of the users and the experts

Author

Ciliberti, Stefania A., Fanjul, Enrique Alvarez, Pearlman, Jay, Wilmer-Becker, Kirsten, Bahurel, Pierre, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Arnaud, Alain, Bell, Mike, Berthou, Segolene, Bertino, Laurent, Capet, Arthur, Chassignet, Eric, Ciavatta, Stefano, Cirano, Mauro, Clementi, Emanuela, Cossarini, Gianpiero, Coro, Gianpaolo, Corney, Stuart, Davidson, Fraser, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Dussurget, Renaud, El Serafy, Ghada, Fennel, Katja, Sotillo, Marcos Garcia, Heimbach, Patrick, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hogan, Patrick, Hoteit, Ibrahim, Joseph, Sudheer, Josey, Simon, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, Libralato, Simone, Mancini, Marco, Matte, Pascal, Melet, Angelique, Miyazawa, Yasumasa, Moore, Andrew M., Novellino, Antonio, Porter, Andrew, Regan, Heather, Romero, Laia, Schiller, Andreas, Siddorn, John, Staneva, Joanna, Thomas-Courcoux, Cecile, Tonani, Marina, Garcia-Valdecasa, Jose Maria, Veitch, Jennifer, von Schuckmann, Karina, Wan, Liying, Wilkin, John, Zufic, Romane, Ciliberti, Stefania A., Fanjul, Enrique Alvarez, Pearlman, Jay, Wilmer-Becker, Kirsten, Bahurel, Pierre, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Arnaud, Alain, Bell, Mike, Berthou, Segolene, Bertino, Laurent, Capet, Arthur, Chassignet, Eric, Ciavatta, Stefano, Cirano, Mauro, Clementi, Emanuela, Cossarini, Gianpiero, Coro, Gianpaolo, Corney, Stuart, Davidson, Fraser, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Dussurget, Renaud, El Serafy, Ghada, Fennel, Katja, Sotillo, Marcos Garcia, Heimbach, Patrick, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hogan, Patrick, Hoteit, Ibrahim, Joseph, Sudheer, Josey, Simon, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, Libralato, Simone, Mancini, Marco, Matte, Pascal, Melet, Angelique, Miyazawa, Yasumasa, Moore, Andrew M., Novellino, Antonio, Porter, Andrew, Regan, Heather, Romero, Laia, Schiller, Andreas, Siddorn, John, Staneva, Joanna, Thomas-Courcoux, Cecile, Tonani, Marina, Garcia-Valdecasa, Jose Maria, Veitch, Jennifer, von Schuckmann, Karina, Wan, Liying, Wilkin, John, and Zufic, Romane

Abstract

The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) has an Ocean Decade Implementation Plan (UNESCO-IOC, 2021) that states seven outcomes required for the ocean we want, with the fourth outcome being “A predicted ocean where society understands and can respond to changing ocean conditions.” To facilitate the achievement of this goal, the IOC has endorsed Mercator Ocean International to implement the Decade Collaborative Center (DCC) for OceanPrediction (https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/oceanprediction/, last access: 21 August 2023), which is a cross-cutting structure that will work to develop global-scale collaboration between Decade Actions related to ocean prediction.

Published
2023

10. Learning about Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service “CMEMS”: A Practical Introduction to the Use of the European Operational Oceanography Service

Author

Drévillon, Marie, primary, Bahurel, Pierre, additional, Bazin, David, additional, Benkiran, Mounir, additional, Beuvier, Jonathan, additional, Crosnier, Laurence, additional, Drillet, Yann, additional, Durand, Edmée, additional, Fabardines, Michèle, additional, Garcia Hermosa, Isabel, additional, Giordan, Cédric, additional, Gutknecht, Elodie, additional, Hernandez, Fabrice, additional, Chune, Stéphane, additional, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, additional, Lellouche, Jean-Michel, additional, Levier, Bruno, additional, Melet, Angelique, additional, Obaton, Dominique, additional, Paul, Julien, additional, Peltier, Mathieu, additional, Peyrot, Diane, additional, Rémy, Elizabeth, additional, von Schuckmann, Karina, additional, and Thomas-Courcoux, Cécile, additional

Published
2018
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15. HIGH-RESOLUTION GLOBAL AND BASIN-SCALE OCEAN ANALYSES AND FORECASTS

Author

HURLBURT, HARLEY E., BRASSINGTON, GARY B., DRILLET, YANN, KAMACHI, MASAFUMI, BENKIRAN, MOUNIR, BOURDALLÉ-BADIE, ROMAIN, CHASSIGNET, ERIC P., JACOBS, GREGG A., LE GALLOUDEC, OLIVIER, LELLOUCHE, JEAN-MICHEL, METZGER, E. JOSEPH, OKE, PETER R., PUGH, TIMOTHY F., SCHILLER, ANDREAS, SMEDSTAD, OLE MARTIN, TRANCHANT, BENOIT, TSUJINO, HIROYUKI, USUI, NORIHISA, and WALLCRAFT, ALAN J.

Published
2009

17. Strategies for simulating the drift of marine debris

Author

Durgadoo, Jonathan, V, Biastoch, Arne, New, Adrian L., Ruhs, Siren, Nurser, Aylmer J. G., Drillet, Yann, Bidlot, Jean-Raymond, Sub Physical Oceanography, and Marine and Atmospheric Research

Subjects
flaperon, MH370, Lagrangian analysis, operational model, Stokes drift
Abstract

Modelling the drift of marine debris in quasi-real time can be of societal relevance. One pertinent example is Malaysia Airlines flight MH370. The aircraft is assumed to have crashed in the Indian Ocean, leaving floating wreckage to drift on the surface. Some of these items were recovered around the western Indian Ocean. We use ocean currents simulated by an operational ocean model in conjunction with surface Stokes drift to determine the possible paths taken by the debris. We consider: (1) How important is the influence of surface waves on the drift? (2) What are the relative benefits of forward- and backward-tracking in time? (3) Does including information from more items refine the most probable crash-site region? Our results highlight a critical contribution of Stokes drift and emphasise the need to know precisely the buoyancy characteristics of the items. The differences between the tracking approaches provide a measure of uncertainty which can be minimised by simulating a sufficiently large number of virtual debris. Given the uncertainties associated with the timings of the debris sightings, we show that at least 5 items are required to achieve an optimal most probable crash-site region. The results have implications for other drift simulation applications.

Published
2021

18. Strategies for simulating the drift of marine debris

Author

Durgadoo, Jonathan V., Biastoch, Arne, New, Adrian L., Rühs, Siren, Nurser, Aylmer J.G., Drillet, Yann, Bidlot, Jean-Raymond, Sub Physical Oceanography, and Marine and Atmospheric Research

Subjects
flaperon, MH370, Lagrangian analysis, operational model, Stokes drift
Abstract

Modelling the drift of marine debris in quasi-real time can be of societal relevance. One pertinent example is Malaysia Airlines flight MH370. The aircraft is assumed to have crashed in the Indian Ocean, leaving floating wreckage to drift on the surface. Some of these items were recovered around the western Indian Ocean. We use ocean currents simulated by an operational ocean model in conjunction with surface Stokes drift to determine the possible paths taken by the debris. We consider: (1) How important is the influence of surface waves on the drift? (2) What are the relative benefits of forward- and backward-tracking in time? (3) Does including information from more items refine the most probable crash-site region? Our results highlight a critical contribution of Stokes drift and emphasise the need to know precisely the buoyancy characteristics of the items. The differences between the tracking approaches provide a measure of uncertainty which can be minimised by simulating a sufficiently large number of virtual debris. Given the uncertainties associated with the timings of the debris sightings, we show that at least 5 items are required to achieve an optimal most probable crash-site region. The results have implications for other drift simulation applications.

Published
2021
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19. The Copernicus Global 1/12° Oceanic and Sea Ice GLORYS12 Reanalysis

Author

Lellouche, Jean-michel, Greiner, Eric, Bourdallé-badie, Romain, Garric, Gilles, Melet, Angélique, Drévillon, Marie, Bricaud, Clément, Hamon, Mathieu, Le Galloudec, Olivier, Regnier, Charly, Candela, Tony, Testut, Charles-emmanuel, Gasparin, Florent, Ruggiero, Giovanni, Benkiran, Mounir, Drillet, Yann, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Lellouche, Jean-michel, Greiner, Eric, Bourdallé-badie, Romain, Garric, Gilles, Melet, Angélique, Drévillon, Marie, Bricaud, Clément, Hamon, Mathieu, Le Galloudec, Olivier, Regnier, Charly, Candela, Tony, Testut, Charles-emmanuel, Gasparin, Florent, Ruggiero, Giovanni, Benkiran, Mounir, Drillet, Yann, and Le Traon, Pierre-yves

Abstract

GLORYS12 is a global eddy-resolving physical ocean and sea ice reanalysis at 1/12° horizontal resolution covering the 1993-present altimetry period, designed and implemented in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). The model component is the NEMO platform driven at the surface by atmospheric conditions from the ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis. Ocean observations are assimilated by means of a reduced-order Kalman filter. Along track altimeter sea level anomaly, satellite sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration, as well as in situ temperature and salinity vertical profiles are jointly assimilated. A 3D-VAR scheme provides an additional correction for the slowly-evolving large-scale biases in temperature and salinity. The performance of the reanalysis shows a clear dependency on the timedependent in situ observation system. The general assessment of GLORYS12 highlights a level of performance at the state-of-the-art and the capacity of the system to capture the main expected climatic interannual variability signals for ocean and sea ice, the general circulation and the inter-basins exchanges. In terms of trends, GLORYS12 shows a higher than observed warming trend together with a slightly lower than observed global mean sea level rise. Comparisons made with an experiment carried out on the same platform without assimilation show the benefit of data assimilation in controlling water mass properties and sea ice cover and their low frequency variability. Moreover, GLORYS12 represents particularly well the small-scale variability of surface dynamics and compares well with independent (non-assimilated) data. Comparisons made with a twin experiment carried out at 1/4° resolution allows characterizing and quantifying the strengthened contribution of the 1/12° resolution onto the downscaled dynamics. GLORYS12 provides a reliable physical ocean state for climate variability and supports applications such as seasonal forecasts. In ad

Published
2021
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20. Assessing the Impact of the Assimilation of SWOT Observations in a Global High-Resolution Analysis and Forecasting System Part 1: Methods

Author

Benkiran, Mounir, Ruggiero, Giovanni, Greiner, Eric, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Remy, Elisabeth, Lellouche, Jean-michel, Bourdallé-badie, Romain, Drillet, Yann, Tchonang, Babette, Benkiran, Mounir, Ruggiero, Giovanni, Greiner, Eric, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Remy, Elisabeth, Lellouche, Jean-michel, Bourdallé-badie, Romain, Drillet, Yann, and Tchonang, Babette

Abstract

The future Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission due to be launched in 2022 will extend the capability of existing nadir altimeters to enable two-dimensional mapping at a much higher effective resolution. A significant challenge will be to assimilate this kind of data in high-resolution models. In this context, Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) have been performed to assess the impact of SWOT on the Mercator Ocean and Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) global, high-resolution analysis and forecasting system. This paper focusses on the design of these OSSEs, in terms of simulated observations and assimilation systems (ocean model and data assimilation schemes). The main results are discussed in a companion paper. Two main updates of the current Mercator Ocean data assimilation scheme have been made to improve the assimilation of information from SWOT data. The first one is related to a different parametrisation of the model error covariance, and the second to the use of a four-dimensional (4D) version of the data assimilation scheme. These improvements are described in detail and their contribution is quantified. The Nature Run (NR) used to represent the “truth ocean” is validated by comparing it with altimeter observations, and is then used to simulate pseudo-observations required for the OSSEs. Finally, the design of the OSSEs is evaluated by ensuring that the differences between the assimilation system and the NR are statistically consistent with the misfits between real ocean observations and real-time operational systems.

Published
2021
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21. Strategies for simulating the drift of marine debris

Author

Sub Physical Oceanography, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Durgadoo, Jonathan, V, Biastoch, Arne, New, Adrian L., Ruhs, Siren, Nurser, Aylmer J. G., Drillet, Yann, Bidlot, Jean-Raymond, Sub Physical Oceanography, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Durgadoo, Jonathan, V, Biastoch, Arne, New, Adrian L., Ruhs, Siren, Nurser, Aylmer J. G., Drillet, Yann, and Bidlot, Jean-Raymond

Published
2021

24. Spatio-temporal variability of SSS and SST in the western Mediterranean basin with the TRANSMED data

Author

Beuvier, Jonathan, Taupier-Letage, Isabelle, Fuda, Jean-Luc, Drévillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), CIESM, HyMeX (Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean EXperiment), MISTRALS, TRANSMED, Mercator, CIESM, ANR-12-BS06-0003,ASICS-MED,Couplage Océan-Atmosphère en présence de structures de Submésoéchelle(2012), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Taupier-Letage, Isabelle, and BLANC - Couplage Océan-Atmosphère en présence de structures de Submésoéchelle - - ASICS-MED2012 - ANR-12-BS06-0003 - BLANC - VALID

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, models, Algerian Basin, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Hydrography, Northwerstern Mediterranean, surface waters
Abstract

International audience; Initiated by the CIESM and upgraded to the operational status within the HyMeX/MISTRALS program, the TRANSMEDinitiative aimed at developing an autonomous and low-cost thermosalinometer system to record SSS (Sea Surface Salinity) andSST (Sea Surface Temperature) while underway. The seven-year time series recorded from February 2012 till present betweenFrance (Marseille) and Algeria yield an unprecedented insight in the basin-wide seasonal evolution of the Western Basin, up tomesoscale features, and is used to validate the Copernicus Marine Service global operational system in the area.

Published
2019

25. On the upgrade of the assimilation of CFOSAT, Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-3B wave data in CMEMS-GLO wave system

Author

Aouf, Lofti, Dalphinet, Alice, Hauser, Danièle, Law-Chune, Stephane, Tourain, Cédric, Tison, Céline, Drillet, Yann, Delaye, Lauriane, Météo France, SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Analytic and Computational Research, Inc. - Earth Sciences (ACRI-ST), and Cardon, Catherine

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.STU.OC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

International audience; The assimilation of satellite wave data into the global CMEMS-MFC wave system ensures an accurate description of the sea state and therefore a better estimate of momentuim and heat fluxes at the ocean/atmosphere interface. New wave data have been available since the launch of the Chinese-French satellite CFOSAT on October 29, 2018. The instrument SWIM (Surface Waves investigations for Measurements, Hauser et al. 2016) embarked on CFOSAT provides both significant wave height at nadir look direction and directional wave spectra on the several incidence angles (4,6,8 and 10◦) . The SWIM wave spectra have a detection limit for waves with wavelength of 70 meters which is better than SAR of Sentinel-1 (roughly 200 m).This work aims to evaluate the impact of these new data on wave forecasting and global wave products provided by CMEMS. We examine also the complementary impact of the assimilation of SAR and SWIM wave spectra during the analysis and forecast periods. Several assimilation tests in the wave model MFWAM have been implemented by taking into account the sensitivity to wavelength cut-off for the SAR and SWIM wave spectra. Validation of results has been developed with independent altimetry wave data and buoys. We will focus on a statistical analysis of the results for the different ocean basins. In this work we will also discuss the contribution of the assimilation of Sentinel-3B significant wave heights since the end of the tandem phase with Sentinel-3A in November 2018. In other respects, the update of the assimilation system will be tested for storm cases event and cyclonic season in the indian ocean. We will also discuss the impact of the assimilation of CFOSAT, Sentinel-1 and altimetry missions on the ocean/waves coupling. To this end coupled runs of the models MFWAM and NEMO have been implemented. Validation of surface key parameters such as Surface Sea Temperature, mixed layer and surface currents from coupled runs will be analysed. Particular attention will be dedicated to ocean regions with swell dominant regime and strong wave/currents interactions.

Published
2019

26. From Observation to Information and Users: The Copernicus Marine Service Perspective

Author

Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Reppucci, Antonio, Alvarez Fanjul, Enrique, Aouf, Lotfi, Behrens, Arno, Belmonte, Maria, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Bertino, Laurent, Brando, Vittorio Ernesto, Kreiner, Matilde Brandt, Benkiran, Mounir, Carval, Thierry, Ciliberti, Stefania A., Claustre, Hervé, Clementi, Emanuela, Coppini, Giovanni, Cossarini, Gianpiero, De Alfonso Alonso-muñoyerro, Marta, Delamarche, Anne, Dibarboure, Gerald, Dinessen, Frode, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Faugere, Yannice, Fernández, Vicente, Fleming, Andrew, Garcia-hermosa, M. Isabel, Sotillo, Marcos García, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Giordan, Cedric, Gehlen, Marion, Gregoire, Marilaure L., Guinehut, Stephanie, Hamon, Michel, Harris, Chris, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hinkler, Jørgen B., Hoyer, Jacob, Karvonen, Juha, Kay, Susan, King, Robert, Lavergne, Thomas, Lemieux-dudon, Benedicte, Lima, Leonardo, Mao, Chongyuan, Martin, Matthew J, Masina, Simona, Melet, Angelique, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, Nolan, Glenn, Pascual, Ananda, Pistoia, Jenny, Palazov, Atanas, Piolle, Jean-francois, Pujol, Marie Isabelle, Pequignet, Anne Christine, Peneva, Elisaveta, Pérez Gómez, Begoña, Petit De La Villeon, Loic, Pinardi, Nadia, Pisano, Andrea, Pouliquen, Sylvie, Reid, Rebecca, Remy, Elisabeth, Santoleri, Rosalia, Siddorn, John, She, Jun, Staneva, Joanna, Stoffelen, Ad, Tonani, Marina, Vandenbulcke, Luc, Von Schuckmann, Karina, Volpe, Gianluca, Wettre, Cecilie, Zacharioudaki, Anna, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Reppucci, Antonio, Alvarez Fanjul, Enrique, Aouf, Lotfi, Behrens, Arno, Belmonte, Maria, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Bertino, Laurent, Brando, Vittorio Ernesto, Kreiner, Matilde Brandt, Benkiran, Mounir, Carval, Thierry, Ciliberti, Stefania A., Claustre, Hervé, Clementi, Emanuela, Coppini, Giovanni, Cossarini, Gianpiero, De Alfonso Alonso-muñoyerro, Marta, Delamarche, Anne, Dibarboure, Gerald, Dinessen, Frode, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Faugere, Yannice, Fernández, Vicente, Fleming, Andrew, Garcia-hermosa, M. Isabel, Sotillo, Marcos García, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Giordan, Cedric, Gehlen, Marion, Gregoire, Marilaure L., Guinehut, Stephanie, Hamon, Michel, Harris, Chris, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hinkler, Jørgen B., Hoyer, Jacob, Karvonen, Juha, Kay, Susan, King, Robert, Lavergne, Thomas, Lemieux-dudon, Benedicte, Lima, Leonardo, Mao, Chongyuan, Martin, Matthew J, Masina, Simona, Melet, Angelique, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, Nolan, Glenn, Pascual, Ananda, Pistoia, Jenny, Palazov, Atanas, Piolle, Jean-francois, Pujol, Marie Isabelle, Pequignet, Anne Christine, Peneva, Elisaveta, Pérez Gómez, Begoña, Petit De La Villeon, Loic, Pinardi, Nadia, Pisano, Andrea, Pouliquen, Sylvie, Reid, Rebecca, Remy, Elisabeth, Santoleri, Rosalia, Siddorn, John, She, Jun, Staneva, Joanna, Stoffelen, Ad, Tonani, Marina, Vandenbulcke, Luc, Von Schuckmann, Karina, Volpe, Gianluca, Wettre, Cecilie, and Zacharioudaki, Anna

Abstract

The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) provides regular and systematic reference information on the physical and biogeochemical ocean and sea-ice state for the global ocean and the European regional seas. CMEMS serves a wide range of users (more than 15,000 users are now registered to the service) and applications. Observations are a fundamental pillar of the CMEMS value-added chain that goes from observation to information and users. Observations are used by CMEMS Thematic Assembly Centres (TACs) to derive high-level data products and by CMEMS Monitoring and Forecasting Centres (MFCs) to validate and constrain their global and regional ocean analysis and forecasting systems. This paper presents an overview of CMEMS, its evolution, and how the value of in situ and satellite observations is increased through the generation of high-level products ready to be used by downstream applications and services. The complementary nature of satellite and in situ observations is highlighted. Long-term perspectives for the development of CMEMS are described and implications for the evolution of the in situ and satellite observing systems are outlined. Results from Observing System Evaluations (OSEs) and Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) illustrate the high dependencies of CMEMS systems on observations. Finally future CMEMS requirements for both satellite and in situ observations are detailed.

Published
2019
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27. Ocean reanalyses: recent advances and unsolved challenges

Author

Storto, Andrea, Alvera-Azcárate, Aida, Balmaseda, Magdalena A., Barth, Alexander, Chevallier, Matthieu, Counillon, Francois, Domingues, Catia M., Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Forget, Gaël, Garric, Gilles, Haines, Keith, Hernandez, Fabrice, Iovino, Doroteaciro, Jackson, Laura C., Lellouche, Jean-Michel, Masina, Simona, Mayer, Michael, Oke, Peter R., Penny, Stephen G., Peterson, K. Andrew, Yang, Chunxue, Zuo, Hao, Storto, Andrea, Alvera-Azcárate, Aida, Balmaseda, Magdalena A., Barth, Alexander, Chevallier, Matthieu, Counillon, Francois, Domingues, Catia M., Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Forget, Gaël, Garric, Gilles, Haines, Keith, Hernandez, Fabrice, Iovino, Doroteaciro, Jackson, Laura C., Lellouche, Jean-Michel, Masina, Simona, Mayer, Michael, Oke, Peter R., Penny, Stephen G., Peterson, K. Andrew, Yang, Chunxue, and Zuo, Hao

Abstract

Ocean reanalyses combine ocean models, atmospheric forcing fluxes, and observations using data assimilation to give a four-dimensional description of the ocean. Metrics assessing their reliability have improved over time, allowing reanalyses to become an important tool in climate services that provide a more complete picture of the changing ocean to end users. Besides climate monitoring and research, ocean reanalyses are used to initialize sub-seasonal to multi-annual predictions, to support observational network monitoring, and to evaluate climate model simulations. These applications demand robust uncertainty estimates and fit-for-purpose assessments, achievable through sustained advances in data assimilation and coordinated inter-comparison activities. Ocean reanalyses face specific challenges: (i) dealing with intermittent or discontinued observing networks, (ii) reproducing inter-annual variability and trends of integrated diagnostics for climate monitoring, (iii) accounting for drift and bias due, e.g., to air-sea flux or ocean mixing errors, and (iv) optimizing initialization and improving performances during periods and in regions with sparse data. Other challenges such as multi-scale data assimilation to reconcile mesoscale and large-scale variability and flow-dependent error characterization for rapidly evolving processes, are amplified in long-term reanalyses. The demand to extend reanalyses backward in time requires tackling all these challenges, especially in the emerging context of earth system reanalyses and coupled data assimilation. This mini-review aims at documenting recent advances from the ocean reanalysis community, discussing unsolved challenges that require sustained activities for maximizing the utility of ocean observations, supporting data rescue and advancing specific research and development requirements for reanalyses.

Published
2019

28. From observation to information and users: The Copernicus Marine Service perspective

Author

Le Traon, Pierre Yves, Reppucci, Antonio, Alvarez Fanjul, Enrique, Aouf, Lotfi, Behrens, Arno, Belmonte, Maria, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Bertino, Laurent, Brando, Vittorio Ernesto, Kreiner, Matilde Brandt, Benkiran, Mounir, Carval, Thierry, Ciliberti, Stefania A., Claustre, Hervé, Clementi, Emanuela, Coppini, Giovanni, Cossarini, Gianpiero, De Alfonso Alonso-Muñoyerro, Marta, Delamarche, Anne, Dibarboure, Gerald, Dinessen, Frode, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Faugere, Yannice, Fernández, Vicente, Fleming, Andrew, Garcia-Hermosa, M. Isabel, Sotillo, Marcos García, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Giordan, Cedric, Gehlen, Marion, Gregoire, Marilaure L., Guinehut, Stephanie, Hamon, Mathieu, Harris, Chris, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hinkler, Jørgen B., Hoyer, Jacob, Karvonen, Juha, Kay, Susan, King, Robert, Lavergne, Thomas, Lemieux-Dudon, Benedicte, Lima, Leonardo, Mao, Chongyuan, Martin, Matthew J., Masina, Simona, Melet, Angelique, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, Nolan, Glenn, Pascual, Ananda, Pistoia, Jenny, Palazov, Atanas, Piolle, Jean Francois, Pujol, Marie Isabelle, Pequignet, Anne Christine, Peneva, Elisaveta, Pérez Gómez, Begoña, Petit de la Villeon, Loic, Pinardi, Nadia, Pisano, Andrea, Pouliquen, Sylvie, Reid, Rebecca, Remy, Elisabeth, Santoleri, Rosalia, Siddorn, John, She, Jun, Staneva, Joanna, Stoffelen, Ad, Tonani, Marina, Vandenbulcke, Luc, von Schuckmann, Karina, Volpe, Gianluca, Wettre, Cecilie, Zacharioudaki, Anna, Le Traon, Pierre Yves, Reppucci, Antonio, Alvarez Fanjul, Enrique, Aouf, Lotfi, Behrens, Arno, Belmonte, Maria, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Bertino, Laurent, Brando, Vittorio Ernesto, Kreiner, Matilde Brandt, Benkiran, Mounir, Carval, Thierry, Ciliberti, Stefania A., Claustre, Hervé, Clementi, Emanuela, Coppini, Giovanni, Cossarini, Gianpiero, De Alfonso Alonso-Muñoyerro, Marta, Delamarche, Anne, Dibarboure, Gerald, Dinessen, Frode, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Faugere, Yannice, Fernández, Vicente, Fleming, Andrew, Garcia-Hermosa, M. Isabel, Sotillo, Marcos García, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Giordan, Cedric, Gehlen, Marion, Gregoire, Marilaure L., Guinehut, Stephanie, Hamon, Mathieu, Harris, Chris, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hinkler, Jørgen B., Hoyer, Jacob, Karvonen, Juha, Kay, Susan, King, Robert, Lavergne, Thomas, Lemieux-Dudon, Benedicte, Lima, Leonardo, Mao, Chongyuan, Martin, Matthew J., Masina, Simona, Melet, Angelique, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, Nolan, Glenn, Pascual, Ananda, Pistoia, Jenny, Palazov, Atanas, Piolle, Jean Francois, Pujol, Marie Isabelle, Pequignet, Anne Christine, Peneva, Elisaveta, Pérez Gómez, Begoña, Petit de la Villeon, Loic, Pinardi, Nadia, Pisano, Andrea, Pouliquen, Sylvie, Reid, Rebecca, Remy, Elisabeth, Santoleri, Rosalia, Siddorn, John, She, Jun, Staneva, Joanna, Stoffelen, Ad, Tonani, Marina, Vandenbulcke, Luc, von Schuckmann, Karina, Volpe, Gianluca, Wettre, Cecilie, and Zacharioudaki, Anna

Abstract

The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) provides regular and systematic reference information on the physical and biogeochemical ocean and sea-ice state for the global ocean and the European regional seas. CMEMS serves a wide range of users (more than 15,000 users are now registered to the service) and applications. Observations are a fundamental pillar of the CMEMS value-added chain that goes from observation to information and users. Observations are used by CMEMS Thematic Assembly Centres (TACs) to derive high-level data products and by CMEMS Monitoring and Forecasting Centres (MFCs) to validate and constrain their global and regional ocean analysis and forecasting systems. This paper presents an overview of CMEMS, its evolution, and how the value of in situ and satellite observations is increased through the generation of high-level products ready to be used by downstream applications and services. The complementary nature of satellite and in situ observations is highlighted. Long-term perspectives for the development of CMEMS are described and implications for the evolution of the in situ and satellite observing systems are outlined. Results from Observing System Evaluations (OSEs) and Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) illustrate the high dependencies of CMEMS systems on observations. Finally future CMEMS requirements for both satellite and in situ observations are detailed.

Published
2019

29. Strategies for simulating the drift of marine debris

Author

Durgadoo, Jonathan V., Biastoch, Arne, New, Adrian L., Rühs, Siren, Nurser, Aylmer J.G., Drillet, Yann, Bidlot, Jean-Raymond, Durgadoo, Jonathan V., Biastoch, Arne, New, Adrian L., Rühs, Siren, Nurser, Aylmer J.G., Drillet, Yann, and Bidlot, Jean-Raymond

Abstract

Modelling the drift of marine debris in quasi-real time can be of societal relevance. One pertinent example is Malaysia Airlines flight MH370. The aircraft is assumed to have crashed in the Indian Ocean, leaving floating wreckage to drift on the surface. Some of these items were recovered around the western Indian Ocean. We use ocean currents simulated by an operational ocean model in conjunction with surface Stokes drift to determine the possible paths taken by the debris. We consider: (1) How important is the influence of surface waves on the drift? (2) What are the relative benefits of forward- and backward-tracking in time? (3) Does including information from more items refine the most probable crash-site region? Our results highlight a critical contribution of Stokes drift and emphasise the need to know precisely the buoyancy characteristics of the items. The differences between the tracking approaches provide a measure of uncertainty which can be minimised by simulating a sufficiently large number of virtual debris. Given the uncertainties associated with the timings of the debris sightings, we show that at least 5 items are required to achieve an optimal most probable crash-site region. The results have implications for other drift simulation applications.

Published
2019

30. PPR SIMBAD: en quête d’une nouvelle méthodologie de représentation des échanges air-mer dans les modèles opérationnels globaux d’océan à haute-résolution

Author

Lemarié, Florian, Samson, Guillaume, Redelsperger, Jean-Luc, Madec, Gurvan, Giordani, Hervé, Bourdalle-Badie, Romain, Drillet, Yann, Mathematics and computing applied to oceanic and atmospheric flows (AIRSEA), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], [MATH]Mathematics [math], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2018

31. Ocean Reanalyses: Recent Advances and Unsolved Challenges

Author

Storto, Andrea, primary, Alvera-Azcárate, Aida, additional, Balmaseda, Magdalena A., additional, Barth, Alexander, additional, Chevallier, Matthieu, additional, Counillon, Francois, additional, Domingues, Catia M., additional, Drevillon, Marie, additional, Drillet, Yann, additional, Forget, Gaël, additional, Garric, Gilles, additional, Haines, Keith, additional, Hernandez, Fabrice, additional, Iovino, Doroteaciro, additional, Jackson, Laura C., additional, Lellouche, Jean-Michel, additional, Masina, Simona, additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, Oke, Peter R., additional, Penny, Stephen G., additional, Peterson, K. Andrew, additional, Yang, Chunxue, additional, and Zuo, Hao, additional

Published
2019
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32. From Observation to Information and Users: The Copernicus Marine Service Perspective

Author

Le Traon, Pierre Yves, primary, Reppucci, Antonio, additional, Alvarez Fanjul, Enrique, additional, Aouf, Lotfi, additional, Behrens, Arno, additional, Belmonte, Maria, additional, Bentamy, Abderrahim, additional, Bertino, Laurent, additional, Brando, Vittorio Ernesto, additional, Kreiner, Matilde Brandt, additional, Benkiran, Mounir, additional, Carval, Thierry, additional, Ciliberti, Stefania A., additional, Claustre, Hervé, additional, Clementi, Emanuela, additional, Coppini, Giovanni, additional, Cossarini, Gianpiero, additional, De Alfonso Alonso-Muñoyerro, Marta, additional, Delamarche, Anne, additional, Dibarboure, Gerald, additional, Dinessen, Frode, additional, Drevillon, Marie, additional, Drillet, Yann, additional, Faugere, Yannice, additional, Fernández, Vicente, additional, Fleming, Andrew, additional, Garcia-Hermosa, M. Isabel, additional, Sotillo, Marcos García, additional, Garric, Gilles, additional, Gasparin, Florent, additional, Giordan, Cedric, additional, Gehlen, Marion, additional, Gregoire, Marilaure L., additional, Guinehut, Stephanie, additional, Hamon, Mathieu, additional, Harris, Chris, additional, Hernandez, Fabrice, additional, Hinkler, Jørgen B., additional, Hoyer, Jacob, additional, Karvonen, Juha, additional, Kay, Susan, additional, King, Robert, additional, Lavergne, Thomas, additional, Lemieux-Dudon, Benedicte, additional, Lima, Leonardo, additional, Mao, Chongyuan, additional, Martin, Matthew J., additional, Masina, Simona, additional, Melet, Angelique, additional, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, additional, Nolan, Glenn, additional, Pascual, Ananda, additional, Pistoia, Jenny, additional, Palazov, Atanas, additional, Piolle, Jean Francois, additional, Pujol, Marie Isabelle, additional, Pequignet, Anne Christine, additional, Peneva, Elisaveta, additional, Pérez Gómez, Begoña, additional, Petit de la Villeon, Loic, additional, Pinardi, Nadia, additional, Pisano, Andrea, additional, Pouliquen, Sylvie, additional, Reid, Rebecca, additional, Remy, Elisabeth, additional, Santoleri, Rosalia, additional, Siddorn, John, additional, She, Jun, additional, Staneva, Joanna, additional, Stoffelen, Ad, additional, Tonani, Marina, additional, Vandenbulcke, Luc, additional, von Schuckmann, Karina, additional, Volpe, Gianluca, additional, Wettre, Cecilie, additional, and Zacharioudaki, Anna, additional

Published
2019
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34. Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report

Author

Von Schuckmann, Karina, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Smith, Neville, Pascual, Ananda, Brasseur, Pierre, Fennel, Katja, Djavidnia, Samy, Aaboe, Signe, Alvarez Fanjul, Enrique, Autret, Emmanuelle, Axell, Lars, Aznar, Roland, Benincasa, Mario, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Boberg, Fredrik, Bourdalle-badie, Romain, Nardelli, Bruno Buongiorno, Brando, Vittorio E., Bricaud, Clement, Breivik, Lars-anders, Brewin, Robert J. W., Capet, Arthur, Ceschin, Adrien, Ciliberti, Stefania, Cossarini, Gianpiero, De Alfonso, Marta, De Pascual Collar, Alvaro, De Kloe, Jos, Deshayes, Julie, Desportes, Charles, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Droghei, Riccardo, Dubois, Clotilde, Embury, Owen, Etienne, Helene, Fratianni, Claudia, Garcia Lafuente, Jesus, Garcia Sotillo, Marcos, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Gerin, Riccardo, Good, Simon, Gourrion, Jerome, Gregoire, Marilaure, Greiner, Eric, Guinehut, Stephanie, Gutknecht, Elodie, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hernandez, Olga, Hoyer, Jacob, Jackson, Laura, Jandt, Simon, Josey, Simon, Juza, Melanie, Kennedy, John, Kokkini, Zoi, Korres, Gerasimos, Kouts, Mariliis, Lagemaa, Priidik, Lavergne, Thomas, Le Cann, Bernard, Legeais, Jean-francois, Lemieux-dudon, Benedicte, Levier, Bruno, Lien, Vidar, Maljutenko, Ilja, Manzano, Fernando, Marcos, Marta, Marinova, Veselka, Masina, Simona, Mauri, Elena, Mayer, Michael, Melet, Angelique, Melin, Frederic, Meyssignac, Benoit, Monier, Maeva, Muller, Malte, Mulet, Sandrine, Naranjo, Cristina, Notarstefano, Giulio, Paulmier, Aurelien, Perez Gomez, Begona, Perez Gonzalez, Irene, Peneva, Elisaveta, Perruche, Coralie, Peterson, K. Andrew, Pinardi, Nadia, Pisano, Andrea, Pardo, Silvia, Poulain, Pierre-marie, Raj, Roshin P., Raudsepp, Urmas, Ravdas, Michaelis, Reid, Rebecca, Rio, Marie-hélène, Salon, Stefano, Samuelsen, Annette, Sammartino, Michela, Sammartino, Simone, Sando, Anne Britt, Santoleri, Rosalia, Sathyendranath, Shubha, She, Jun, Simoncelli, Simona, Solidoro, Cosimo, Stoffelen, Ad, Storto, Andrea, Szerkely, Tanguy, Tamm, Susanne, Tietsche, Steffen, Tinker, Jonathan, Tintore, Joaquin, Trindade, Ana, Van Zanten, Daphne, Vandenbulcke, Luc, Verhoef, Anton, Verbrugge, Nathalie, Viktorsson, Lena, Wakelin, Sarah L., Zacharioudaki, Anna, Zuo, Hao, Von Schuckmann, Karina, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Smith, Neville, Pascual, Ananda, Brasseur, Pierre, Fennel, Katja, Djavidnia, Samy, Aaboe, Signe, Alvarez Fanjul, Enrique, Autret, Emmanuelle, Axell, Lars, Aznar, Roland, Benincasa, Mario, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Boberg, Fredrik, Bourdalle-badie, Romain, Nardelli, Bruno Buongiorno, Brando, Vittorio E., Bricaud, Clement, Breivik, Lars-anders, Brewin, Robert J. W., Capet, Arthur, Ceschin, Adrien, Ciliberti, Stefania, Cossarini, Gianpiero, De Alfonso, Marta, De Pascual Collar, Alvaro, De Kloe, Jos, Deshayes, Julie, Desportes, Charles, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Droghei, Riccardo, Dubois, Clotilde, Embury, Owen, Etienne, Helene, Fratianni, Claudia, Garcia Lafuente, Jesus, Garcia Sotillo, Marcos, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Gerin, Riccardo, Good, Simon, Gourrion, Jerome, Gregoire, Marilaure, Greiner, Eric, Guinehut, Stephanie, Gutknecht, Elodie, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hernandez, Olga, Hoyer, Jacob, Jackson, Laura, Jandt, Simon, Josey, Simon, Juza, Melanie, Kennedy, John, Kokkini, Zoi, Korres, Gerasimos, Kouts, Mariliis, Lagemaa, Priidik, Lavergne, Thomas, Le Cann, Bernard, Legeais, Jean-francois, Lemieux-dudon, Benedicte, Levier, Bruno, Lien, Vidar, Maljutenko, Ilja, Manzano, Fernando, Marcos, Marta, Marinova, Veselka, Masina, Simona, Mauri, Elena, Mayer, Michael, Melet, Angelique, Melin, Frederic, Meyssignac, Benoit, Monier, Maeva, Muller, Malte, Mulet, Sandrine, Naranjo, Cristina, Notarstefano, Giulio, Paulmier, Aurelien, Perez Gomez, Begona, Perez Gonzalez, Irene, Peneva, Elisaveta, Perruche, Coralie, Peterson, K. Andrew, Pinardi, Nadia, Pisano, Andrea, Pardo, Silvia, Poulain, Pierre-marie, Raj, Roshin P., Raudsepp, Urmas, Ravdas, Michaelis, Reid, Rebecca, Rio, Marie-hélène, Salon, Stefano, Samuelsen, Annette, Sammartino, Michela, Sammartino, Simone, Sando, Anne Britt, Santoleri, Rosalia, Sathyendranath, Shubha, She, Jun, Simoncelli, Simona, Solidoro, Cosimo, Stoffelen, Ad, Storto, Andrea, Szerkely, Tanguy, Tamm, Susanne, Tietsche, Steffen, Tinker, Jonathan, Tintore, Joaquin, Trindade, Ana, Van Zanten, Daphne, Vandenbulcke, Luc, Verhoef, Anton, Verbrugge, Nathalie, Viktorsson, Lena, Wakelin, Sarah L., Zacharioudaki, Anna, and Zuo, Hao

Published
2018
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35. A large-scale view of oceanic variability from 2007 to 2015 in the global high resolution monitoring and forecasting system at Mercator Océan

Author

Gasparin, Florent, Greiner, Eric, Lellouche, Jean-michel, Legalloudec, Olivier, Garric, Gilles, Drillet, Yann, Bourdalle-badie, Romain, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Remy, Elisabeth, Drevillon, Marie, Gasparin, Florent, Greiner, Eric, Lellouche, Jean-michel, Legalloudec, Olivier, Garric, Gilles, Drillet, Yann, Bourdalle-badie, Romain, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Remy, Elisabeth, and Drevillon, Marie

Abstract

The global high resolution monitoring and forecasting system PSY4 at Mercator Océan, initialized in October 2006, has achieved 11 years of global ocean state estimation. Based on the NEMO global 1/12° configuration, PSY4 includes data assimilation of satellite and multi-instrument in situ observations. In parallel to this monitoring system, a twin-free simulation (with no assimilation) has been performed for the period 2007-2015. In this study, monthly-averaged fields of both ocean state estimates are compared with observation products for the period 2007-2015, to examine the consistency of PSY4 fields with related observations for representing large-scale variability and to provide a baseline that is mainly focused on in situ comparisons for validation/qualification of on-going system developments. Observations play a major role in correctly positioning the main energetic structures, both in space and time. In addition, data assimilation appears to overcome the other deficiencies of models by reducing SST bias in upwelling regions and by increasing the thermocline gradient in the tropics. Generally, the amplitude of the total-resolved variability in both PSY4 estimates is consistent with observation data sets. Annual cycle and longer-term variability in temperature, salinity and sea surface height are significantly improved with data assimilation, but some progress is still needed to better represent the amplitude of changes of ocean heat and freshwater contents on long timescales. Finally, the PSY4 system’s ability to capture the large scale variability is further investigated by using as a case study the northward pathways of El Niño anomalies in the tropical North Pacific in 2014 and 2015 in order to illustrate how such systems can be used to answer relevant scientific questions.

Published
2018
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36. The added value of the multi-system spread information for ocean heat content and steric sea level investigations in the CMEMS GREP ensemble reanalysis product

Author

Storto, Andrea, primary, Masina, Simona, additional, Simoncelli, Simona, additional, Iovino, Doroteaciro, additional, Cipollone, Andrea, additional, Drevillon, Marie, additional, Drillet, Yann, additional, von Schuckman, Karina, additional, Parent, Laurent, additional, Garric, Gilles, additional, Greiner, Eric, additional, Desportes, Charles, additional, Zuo, Hao, additional, Balmaseda, Magdalena A., additional, and Peterson, K. Andrew, additional

Published
2018
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37. A large-scale view of oceanic variability from 2007 to 2015 in the global high resolution monitoring and forecasting system at Mercator Océan

Author

Gasparin, Florent, primary, Greiner, Eric, additional, Lellouche, Jean-Michel, additional, Legalloudec, Olivier, additional, Garric, Gilles, additional, Drillet, Yann, additional, Bourdallé-Badie, Romain, additional, Traon, Pierre-Yves Le, additional, Rémy, Elisabeth, additional, and Drévillon, Marie, additional

Published
2018
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38. Recent updates to the Copernicus Marine Service global ocean monitoring and forecasting real-time 1∕12° high-resolution system

Author

Lellouche, Jean-Michel, primary, Greiner, Eric, additional, Le Galloudec, Olivier, additional, Garric, Gilles, additional, Regnier, Charly, additional, Drevillon, Marie, additional, Benkiran, Mounir, additional, Testut, Charles-Emmanuel, additional, Bourdalle-Badie, Romain, additional, Gasparin, Florent, additional, Hernandez, Olga, additional, Levier, Bruno, additional, Drillet, Yann, additional, Remy, Elisabeth, additional, and Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, additional

Published
2018
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39. Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report

Author

von Schuckmann, Karina, primary, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, additional, Smith, Neville, additional, Pascual, Ananda, additional, Brasseur, Pierre, additional, Fennel, Katja, additional, Djavidnia, Samy, additional, Aaboe, Signe, additional, Fanjul, Enrique Alvarez, additional, Autret, Emmanuelle, additional, Axell, Lars, additional, Aznar, Roland, additional, Benincasa, Mario, additional, Bentamy, Abderahim, additional, Boberg, Fredrik, additional, Bourdallé-Badie, Romain, additional, Nardelli, Bruno Buongiorno, additional, Brando, Vittorio E., additional, Bricaud, Clément, additional, Breivik, Lars-Anders, additional, Brewin, Robert J.W., additional, Capet, Arthur, additional, Ceschin, Adrien, additional, Ciliberti, Stefania, additional, Cossarini, Gianpiero, additional, de Alfonso, Marta, additional, de Pascual Collar, Alvaro, additional, de Kloe, Jos, additional, Deshayes, Julie, additional, Desportes, Charles, additional, Drévillon, Marie, additional, Drillet, Yann, additional, Droghei, Riccardo, additional, Dubois, Clotilde, additional, Embury, Owen, additional, Etienne, Hélène, additional, Fratianni, Claudia, additional, Lafuente, Jesús García, additional, Sotillo, Marcos Garcia, additional, Garric, Gilles, additional, Gasparin, Florent, additional, Gerin, Riccardo, additional, Good, Simon, additional, Gourrion, Jérome, additional, Grégoire, Marilaure, additional, Greiner, Eric, additional, Guinehut, Stéphanie, additional, Gutknecht, Elodie, additional, Hernandez, Fabrice, additional, Hernandez, Olga, additional, Høyer, Jacob, additional, Jackson, Laura, additional, Jandt, Simon, additional, Josey, Simon, additional, Juza, Mélanie, additional, Kennedy, John, additional, Kokkini, Zoi, additional, Korres, Gerasimos, additional, Kõuts, Mariliis, additional, Lagemaa, Priidik, additional, Lavergne, Thomas, additional, le Cann, Bernard, additional, Legeais, Jean-François, additional, Lemieux-Dudon, Benedicte, additional, Levier, Bruno, additional, Lien, Vidar, additional, Maljutenko, Ilja, additional, Manzano, Fernando, additional, Marcos, Marta, additional, Marinova, Veselka, additional, Masina, Simona, additional, Mauri, Elena, additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, Melet, Angelique, additional, Mélin, Frédéric, additional, Meyssignac, Benoit, additional, Monier, Maeva, additional, Müller, Malte, additional, Mulet, Sandrine, additional, Naranjo, Cristina, additional, Notarstefano, Giulio, additional, Paulmier, Aurélien, additional, Gomez, Begoña Pérez, additional, Gonzalez, Irene Pérez, additional, Peneva, Elisaveta, additional, Perruche, Coralie, additional, Andrew Peterson, K., additional, Pinardi, Nadia, additional, Pisano, Andrea, additional, Pardo, Silvia, additional, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, additional, Raj, Roshin P., additional, Raudsepp, Urmas, additional, Ravdas, Michaelis, additional, Reid, Rebecca, additional, Rio, Marie-Hélène, additional, Salon, Stefano, additional, Samuelsen, Annette, additional, Sammartino, Michela, additional, Sammartino, Simone, additional, Sandø, Anne Britt, additional, Santoleri, Rosalia, additional, Sathyendranath, Shubha, additional, She, Jun, additional, Simoncelli, Simona, additional, Solidoro, Cosimo, additional, Stoffelen, Ad, additional, Storto, Andrea, additional, Szerkely, Tanguy, additional, Tamm, Susanne, additional, Tietsche, Steffen, additional, Tinker, Jonathan, additional, Tintore, Joaquín, additional, Trindade, Ana, additional, van Zanten, Daphne, additional, Vandenbulcke, Luc, additional, Verhoef, Anton, additional, Verbrugge, Nathalie, additional, Viktorsson, Lena, additional, von Schuckmann, Karina, additional, Wakelin, Sarah L., additional, Zacharioudaki, Anna, additional, and Zuo, Hao, additional

Published
2018
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40. Recent updates on the Copernicus Marine Service global ocean monitoring and forecasting real-time 1/12° high resolution system

Author

Lellouche, Jean-Michel, primary, Greiner, Eric, additional, Le Galloudec, Olivier, additional, Garric, Gilles, additional, Regnier, Charly, additional, Drevillon, Marie, additional, Benkiran, Mounir, additional, Testut, Charles-Emmanuel, additional, Bourdalle-Badie, Romain, additional, Gasparin, Florent, additional, Hernandez, Olga, additional, Levier, Bruno, additional, Drillet, Yann, additional, Remy, Elisabeth, additional, and Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, additional

Published
2018
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41. The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Ocean State Report

Author

von Schuckmann, Karina, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, Alvarez-Fanjul, Enrique, Axell, Lars, Balmaseda, Magdalena, Breivik, Lars-Anders, Brewin, Robert J. W., Bricaud, Clement, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Dubois, Clotilde, Embury, Owen, Etienne, Hélène, Sotillo, Marcos García, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Gutknecht, Elodie, Guinehut, Stéphanie, Hernandez, Fabrice, Juza,, Melanie, Karlson, Bengt, Korres, Gerasimos, Legeais, Jean-François, Levier, Bruno, Lien, Vidar S., Morrow, Rosemary, Notarstefano, Giulio, Parent, Laurent, Pascual, Álvaro, PérezGómez, Begoña, Perruche, Coralie, Pinardi, Nadia, Pisano, Andrea, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Pujol, Isabelle M., Raj, Roshin P., Raudsepp, Urmas, Roquet, Hervé, Samuelsen, Annette, Sathyendranath, Shubha, She, Jun, Simoncelli, Simona, Cosimo, Solidoro, Tinker, Jonathan, Tintoré, Joaquín, Viktorsson, Lena, Ablain, Michael, Almroth-Rosell, Elin, Bonaduce, Antonio, Clementi, Emanuela, Cossarini, Gianpiero, Dagneaux, Quentin, Desportes, Charles, Dye, Stephen, Fratianni, Claudia, Good, Simon, Greiner, Eric, Gourrion, Jerome, Hamon, Mathieu, Holt, Jason, Hyder, Pat, Kennedy, John, ManzanoMuñoz, Fernando, Melet, Angélique, Meyssignac, Benoit, Mulet, Sandrine, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, O´Dea, Enda, Olason, Einar, Paulmier, Aurélien, Pérez-González, Irene, Reid, Rebecca, Racault, Marie-Fanny, Raitsos, Dionysios E., Ramos,, Antonio, Sykes, Peter, Szekely, Tanguy, Verbrugge, Nathalie, von Schuckmann, Karina, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, Alvarez-Fanjul, Enrique, Axell, Lars, Balmaseda, Magdalena, Breivik, Lars-Anders, Brewin, Robert J. W., Bricaud, Clement, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Dubois, Clotilde, Embury, Owen, Etienne, Hélène, Sotillo, Marcos García, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Gutknecht, Elodie, Guinehut, Stéphanie, Hernandez, Fabrice, Juza,, Melanie, Karlson, Bengt, Korres, Gerasimos, Legeais, Jean-François, Levier, Bruno, Lien, Vidar S., Morrow, Rosemary, Notarstefano, Giulio, Parent, Laurent, Pascual, Álvaro, PérezGómez, Begoña, Perruche, Coralie, Pinardi, Nadia, Pisano, Andrea, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Pujol, Isabelle M., Raj, Roshin P., Raudsepp, Urmas, Roquet, Hervé, Samuelsen, Annette, Sathyendranath, Shubha, She, Jun, Simoncelli, Simona, Cosimo, Solidoro, Tinker, Jonathan, Tintoré, Joaquín, Viktorsson, Lena, Ablain, Michael, Almroth-Rosell, Elin, Bonaduce, Antonio, Clementi, Emanuela, Cossarini, Gianpiero, Dagneaux, Quentin, Desportes, Charles, Dye, Stephen, Fratianni, Claudia, Good, Simon, Greiner, Eric, Gourrion, Jerome, Hamon, Mathieu, Holt, Jason, Hyder, Pat, Kennedy, John, ManzanoMuñoz, Fernando, Melet, Angélique, Meyssignac, Benoit, Mulet, Sandrine, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, O´Dea, Enda, Olason, Einar, Paulmier, Aurélien, Pérez-González, Irene, Reid, Rebecca, Racault, Marie-Fanny, Raitsos, Dionysios E., Ramos,, Antonio, Sykes, Peter, Szekely, Tanguy, and Verbrugge, Nathalie

Published
2017
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42. The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Ocean State Report

Author

Von Schuckmann, Karina, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Alvarez-fanjul, Enrique, Axell, Lars, Balmaseda, Magdalena, Breivik, Lars-anders, Brewin, Robert J. W., Bricaud, Clement, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Dubois, Clotilde, Embury, Owen, Etienne, Helene, Garcia Sotillo, Marcos, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Gutknecht, Elodie, Guinehut, Stephanie, Hernandez, Fabrice, Juza, Melanie, Karlson, Bengt, Korres, Gerasimos, Legeais, Jean Francois, Levier, Bruno, Lien, Vidar S., Morrow, Rosemary, Notarstefano, Giulio, Parent, Laurent, Pascual, Alvaro, Perez-gomez, Begona, Perruche, Coralie, Pinardi, Nadia, Pisano, Andrea, Poulain, Pierre-marie, Pujol, Isabelle M., Raj, Roshin P., Raudsepp, Urmas, Roquet, Herve, Samuelsen, Annette, Sathyendranath, Shubha, She, Jun, Simoncelli, Simona, Solidoro, Cosimo, Tinker, Jonathan, Tintore, Joaquin, Viktorsson, Lena, Ablain, Michael, Almroth-rosell, Elin, Bonaduce, Antonio, Clementi, Emanuela, Cossarini, Gianpiero, Dagneaux, Quentin, Desportes, Charles, Dye, Stephen, Fratianni, Claudia, Good, Simon, Greiner, Eric, Gourrion, Jerome, Hamon, Mathieu, Holt, Jason, Hyder, Pat, Kennedy, John, Manzano-munoz, Fernando, Melet, Angelique, Meyssignac, Benoit, Mulet, Sandrine, Nardelli, Bruno Buongiorno, O'Dea, Enda, Olason, Einar, Paulmier, Aurelien, Perez-gonzalez, Irene, Reid, Rebecca, Racault, Marie-fanny, Raitsos, Dionysios E., Ramos, Antonio, Sykes, Peter, Szekely, Tanguy, Verbrugge, Nathalie, Von Schuckmann, Karina, Le Traon, Pierre-yves, Alvarez-fanjul, Enrique, Axell, Lars, Balmaseda, Magdalena, Breivik, Lars-anders, Brewin, Robert J. W., Bricaud, Clement, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Dubois, Clotilde, Embury, Owen, Etienne, Helene, Garcia Sotillo, Marcos, Garric, Gilles, Gasparin, Florent, Gutknecht, Elodie, Guinehut, Stephanie, Hernandez, Fabrice, Juza, Melanie, Karlson, Bengt, Korres, Gerasimos, Legeais, Jean Francois, Levier, Bruno, Lien, Vidar S., Morrow, Rosemary, Notarstefano, Giulio, Parent, Laurent, Pascual, Alvaro, Perez-gomez, Begona, Perruche, Coralie, Pinardi, Nadia, Pisano, Andrea, Poulain, Pierre-marie, Pujol, Isabelle M., Raj, Roshin P., Raudsepp, Urmas, Roquet, Herve, Samuelsen, Annette, Sathyendranath, Shubha, She, Jun, Simoncelli, Simona, Solidoro, Cosimo, Tinker, Jonathan, Tintore, Joaquin, Viktorsson, Lena, Ablain, Michael, Almroth-rosell, Elin, Bonaduce, Antonio, Clementi, Emanuela, Cossarini, Gianpiero, Dagneaux, Quentin, Desportes, Charles, Dye, Stephen, Fratianni, Claudia, Good, Simon, Greiner, Eric, Gourrion, Jerome, Hamon, Mathieu, Holt, Jason, Hyder, Pat, Kennedy, John, Manzano-munoz, Fernando, Melet, Angelique, Meyssignac, Benoit, Mulet, Sandrine, Nardelli, Bruno Buongiorno, O'Dea, Enda, Olason, Einar, Paulmier, Aurelien, Perez-gonzalez, Irene, Reid, Rebecca, Racault, Marie-fanny, Raitsos, Dionysios E., Ramos, Antonio, Sykes, Peter, Szekely, Tanguy, and Verbrugge, Nathalie

Abstract

The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) Ocean State Report (OSR) provides an annual report of the state of the global ocean and European regional seas for policy and decision-makers with the additional aim of increasing general public awareness about the status of, and changes in, the marine environment. The CMEMS OSR draws on expert analysis and provides a 3-D view (through reanalysis systems), a view from above (through remote-sensing data) and a direct view of the interior (through in situ measurements) of the global ocean and the European regional seas. The report is based on the unique CMEMS monitoring capabilities of the blue (hydrography, currents), white (sea ice) and green (e.g. Chlorophyll) marine environment. This first issue of the CMEMS OSR provides guidance on Essential Variables, large-scale changes and specific events related to the physical ocean state over the period 1993-2015. Principal findings of this first CMEMS OSR show a significant increase in global and regional sea levels, thermosteric expansion, ocean heat content, sea surface temperature and Antarctic sea ice extent and conversely a decrease in Arctic sea ice extent during the 1993-2015 period. During the year 2015 exceptionally strong large-scale changes were monitored such as, for example, a strong El Nino Southern Oscillation, a high frequency of extreme storms and sea level events in specific regions in addition to areas of high sea level and harmful algae blooms. At the same time, some areas in the Arctic Ocean experienced exceptionally low sea ice extent and temperatures below average were observed in the North Atlantic Ocean.

Published
2016
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43. Design and validation of MEDRYS, a Mediterranean Sea reanalysis over the period 1992-2013

Author

Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Hamon, Mathieu, Jordá, Gabriel, Drillet, Yann, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Hamon, Mathieu, Jordá, Gabriel, and Drillet, Yann

Abstract

The French research community in the Mediterranean Sea modeling and the French operational ocean forecasting center Mercator Océan have gathered their skill and expertise in physical oceanography, ocean modeling, atmospheric forcings and data assimilation to carry out a MEDiterranean sea ReanalYsiS (MEDRYS) at high resolution for the period 1992-2013. The ocean model used is NEMOMED12, a Mediterranean configuration of NEMO with a 1=12° (∼7 km) horizontal resolution and 75 vertical z levels with partial steps. At the surface, it is forced by a new atmospheric-forcing data set (ALDERA), coming from a dynamical downscaling of the ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis by the regional climate model ALADIN-Climate with a 12 km horizontal and 3 h temporal resolutions. This configuration is used to carry a 34-year hindcast simulation over the period 1979-2013 (NM12-FREE), which is the initial state of the reanalysis in October 1992. MEDRYS uses the existing Mercator Océan data assimilation system SAM2 that is based on a reduced-order Kalman filter with a threedimensional (3-D) multivariate modal decomposition of the forecast error. Altimeter data, satellite sea surface temperature (SST) and temperature and salinity vertical profiles are jointly assimilated. This paper describes the configuration we used to perform MEDRYS. We then validate the skills of the data assimilation system. It is shown that the data assimilation restores a good average temperature and salinity at intermediate layers compared to the hindcast. No particular biases are identified in the bottom layers. However, the reanalysis shows slight positive biases of 0.02 psu and 0.15 °C above 150m depth. In the validation stage, it is also shown that the assimilation allows one to better reproduce water, heat and salt transports through the Strait of Gibraltar. Finally, the ability of the reanalysis to represent the sea surface high-frequency variability is shown.

Published
2016

44. The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Ocean State Report

Author

von Schuckmann, Karina, primary, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, additional, Alvarez-Fanjul, Enrique, additional, Axell, Lars, additional, Balmaseda, Magdalena, additional, Breivik, Lars-Anders, additional, Brewin, Robert J. W., additional, Bricaud, Clement, additional, Drevillon, Marie, additional, Drillet, Yann, additional, Dubois, Clotilde, additional, Embury, Owen, additional, Etienne, Hélène, additional, Sotillo, Marcos García, additional, Garric, Gilles, additional, Gasparin, Florent, additional, Gutknecht, Elodie, additional, Guinehut, Stéphanie, additional, Hernandez, Fabrice, additional, Juza, Melanie, additional, Karlson, Bengt, additional, Korres, Gerasimos, additional, Legeais, Jean-François, additional, Levier, Bruno, additional, Lien, Vidar S., additional, Morrow, Rosemary, additional, Notarstefano, Giulio, additional, Parent, Laurent, additional, Pascual, Álvaro, additional, Pérez-Gómez, Begoña, additional, Perruche, Coralie, additional, Pinardi, Nadia, additional, Pisano, Andrea, additional, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, additional, Pujol, Isabelle M., additional, Raj, Roshin P., additional, Raudsepp, Urmas, additional, Roquet, Hervé, additional, Samuelsen, Annette, additional, Sathyendranath, Shubha, additional, She, Jun, additional, Simoncelli, Simona, additional, Solidoro, Cosimo, additional, Tinker, Jonathan, additional, Tintoré, Joaquín, additional, Viktorsson, Lena, additional, Ablain, Michael, additional, Almroth-Rosell, Elin, additional, Bonaduce, Antonio, additional, Clementi, Emanuela, additional, Cossarini, Gianpiero, additional, Dagneaux, Quentin, additional, Desportes, Charles, additional, Dye, Stephen, additional, Fratianni, Claudia, additional, Good, Simon, additional, Greiner, Eric, additional, Gourrion, Jerome, additional, Hamon, Mathieu, additional, Holt, Jason, additional, Hyder, Pat, additional, Kennedy, John, additional, Manzano-Muñoz, Fernando, additional, Melet, Angélique, additional, Meyssignac, Benoit, additional, Mulet, Sandrine, additional, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, additional, O’Dea, Enda, additional, Olason, Einar, additional, Paulmier, Aurélien, additional, Pérez-González, Irene, additional, Reid, Rebecca, additional, Racault, Marie-Fanny, additional, Raitsos, Dionysios E., additional, Ramos, Antonio, additional, Sykes, Peter, additional, Szekely, Tanguy, additional, and Verbrugge, Nathalie, additional

Published
2016
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47. Design and validation of MEDRYS, a Mediterranean Sea reanalysis over the period 1992–2013

Author

Hamon, Mathieu, primary, Beuvier, Jonathan, additional, Somot, Samuel, additional, Lellouche, Jean-Michel, additional, Greiner, Eric, additional, Jordà, Gabriel, additional, Bouin, Marie-Noëlle, additional, Arsouze, Thomas, additional, Béranger, Karine, additional, Sevault, Florence, additional, Dubois, Clotilde, additional, Drevillon, Marie, additional, and Drillet, Yann, additional

Published
2016
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48. Oceanic hindcast simulations at high resolution suggest that the Atlantic MOC is bistable

Author

Deshayes, Julie, Tréguier, Anne-Marie, Barnier, Bernard, Lecointre, Albanne, Le Sommer, Julien, Molines, Jean-Marc, Penduff, Thierry, Bourdallé-Badie, Romain, Drillet, Yann, Garric, Gilles, Benshila, Rachid, Madec, Gurvan, Biastoch, Arne, Böning, Claus W., Scheinert, Markus, Coward, Andrew C., Hirschi, Joël J.-M., Laboratoire de physique des océans (LPO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LMI ICEMASA, University of Cape Town, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels [Grenoble] (LEGI), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, CNES (OST/ST), DRAKKAR, European Project: 218812,EC:FP7:SPA,FP7-SPACE-2007-1,MYOCEAN(2009), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR)

Subjects
bistability, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, AMOC, modeling, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], freshwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

International audience; All climate models predict a freshening of the North Atlantic at high latitude that may induce an abrupt change of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (hereafter AMOC) if it resides in the bistable regime, where both a strong and a weak state coexist. The latter remains uncertain as there is no consensus among observations and ocean reanalyses, where the AMOC is bistable, versus most climate models that reproduce a mono-stable strong AMOC. A series of four hindcast simulations of the global ocean at 1/12° resolution, which is presently unique, are used to diagnose freshwater transport by the AMOC in the South Atlantic, an indicator of AMOC bistability. In all simulations, the AMOC resides in the bistable regime: it exports freshwater southward in the South Atlantic, implying a positive salt advection feedback that would act to amplify a decreasing trend in subarctic deep water formation as projected in climate scenarios.

Published
2013
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50. Recent updates on the Copernicus Marine Service global ocean monitoring and forecasting real-time 1/12° high resolution system.

Author

Lellouche, Jean-Michel, Greiner, Eric, Le Galloudec, Olivier, Garric, Gilles, Regnier, Charly, Drevillon, Marie, Benkiran, Mounir, Testut, Charles-Emmanuel, Bourdalle-Badie, Romain, Gasparin, Florent, Hernandez, Olga, Levier, Bruno, Drillet, Yann, Remy, Elisabeth, and Le Traon, Pierre-Yves

Subjects
OCEAN temperature, OCEANOGRAPHY, HIGH resolution imaging
Abstract

Since October 19, 2016, and in the framework of Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS), Mercator Ocean delivers in real-time daily services (weekly analyses and daily 10-day forecasts) with a new global 1/12° high resolution (eddy-resolving) monitoring and forecasting system. The model component is the NEMO platform driven at the surface by the IFS ECMWF atmospheric analyses and forecasts. Observations are assimilated by means of a reduced-order Kalman filter with a 3D multivariate modal decomposition of the forecast error. Along track altimeter data, satellite sea surface temperature, sea ice concentration and in situ temperature and salinity vertical profiles are jointly assimilated to estimate the initial conditions for numerical ocean forecasting. A 3D-VAR scheme provides a correction for the slowly-evolving large-scale biases in temperature and salinity. This paper describes the recent updates applied to the system and discusses the importance of fine tuning of an ocean monitoring and forecasting system. It details more particularly the impact of the initialization, the correction of precipitation, the assimilation of climatological temperature and salinity in the deep ocean, the construction of the forecast error covariance and the adaptive tuning of observations error on increasing the realism of the analysis and forecasts. The scientific assessment of the ocean estimations are illustrated with diagnostics over some particular years, assorted with time series over the time period 2007-2016. The overall impact of the integration of all updates on the products quality is also discussed, highlighting a gain in performance and reliability of the current global monitoring and forecasting system compared to its previous version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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